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miracleelectronicusablogs · 5 months ago

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Toroidal Transformers – Maintenance And Troubleshooting

Toroidal transformers are praised for their low electromagnetic interference (EMI), efficiency, and small size. These characteristics make them essential in a variety of applications, such as power systems, audio equipment, and medical devices. However, just like any other electrical tool, these transformers also need to be properly maintained and troubleshooted in order to guarantee optimum performance and a long lifespan. This blog examines typical problems, upkeep advice, and troubleshooting methods to maintain the effectiveness of your toroidal transformers.

Common issues in toroidal transformers

· Overheating: Excessive load, poor ventilation, or shorted windings can all contribute to overheating, which lowers lifespan and impairs performance. This can be avoided by making sure the transformer runs within its load capacity, providing sufficient ventilation or cooling systems, and replacing any damaged windings as necessary.

· Voltage fluctuations: Older windings, inadequate insulation, or weak connections are the main causes of output voltage irregularities. Maintaining voltage uniformity requires testing insulation resistance, replacing damaged windings, and routinely checking and tightening connections.

· Electromagnetic Interference (EMI): When surrounding electronics are subjected to inadequate shielding or poor grounding, it can generate electromagnetic interference (EMI). To maintain steady operation and reduce interference, EMI filters must be utilized, effective shielding techniques like copper or aluminium wraps should be used, and proper grounding must be ensured.

· Audible noise: Magnetostriction, loose core assembly, or incorrect mounting can cause buzzing or humming sounds, which are frequently signs of mechanical or design problems. To reduce noise, vibration-dampening pads must be utilized, mounting brackets and core assemblies must be tightened, and physical damage to the core must be fixed right away.

· Core saturation: When input voltage surpasses the transformer’s design parameters, core saturation occurs, producing excessive heat and possible damage. It is necessary to install surge protection devices, employ transformers rated for the purpose, and align the input voltage with the transformer’s requirements.

Maintenance tips for toroidal transformers

· Visual inspections: To spot any physical damage, discolouration, or distortion, routine visual inspections must be performed. Any cracks in the insulation must be identified and it should be made sure that all of the mounting brackets are in place.

· Load monitoring: A transformer that is overloaded may become less effective and run the danger of overheating. It is important to make sure the load remains within allowable bounds by routinely checking it with current and voltage meters.

· Thermal management: To avoid overheating, it is essential to make sure the transformer has adequate ventilation. Installing heat sinks or cooling fans can enhance heat dissipation in hot conditions.

· Cleaning: Moisture, dust, and debris can impair the transformer’s functionality. Electrical components must thus be cleaned of impurities without causing harm by employing non-conductive cleaning solutions.

· Electrical testing: Conducting routine electrical tests, including continuity, insulation resistance, and winding resistance measurements can help in the early detection of flaws and the avoidance of serious damage.

· Lubrication: For transformers with moving parts like cooling fans, proper lubrication must be ensured to reduce friction and wear. It is also advisable to use only high-quality lubricants.

Troubleshooting techniques

· Identifying faults: Infrared cameras track temperature to identify hotspots, while diagnostic instruments like multimeters and megohmmeters are used to find faults in windings or connections. To assess transformer performance, both full-load and no-load tests must be conducted.

· Step-by-step diagnosis: To stop additional damage, the transformer should be first disconnected from the circuit. Next, all input and output connections should be examined for corrosion or looseness. To verify integrity, insulating resistance should be measured using a megohmmeter, and windings should be inspected for obvious damage or discolouration.

· Replacing damaged components: To adhere to standards, defective windings should be swapped out using the same wire gauge and insulation material. Reliable connections can be ensured by using secure soldering or crimping techniques, and the transformer’s functioning can be restored by replacing broken core assemblies with equivalent parts.

· Other best practices: To avoid overloading and guarantee long-term efficiency, appropriately rated transformers should be chosen based on the application-specific specifications. To avoid overheating, the working temperature should be tracked and sensors or cooling systems should be fitted as necessary. Installing surge protectors can shield the transformer from potentially damaging voltage spikes. The transformer’s working environment should be taken into consideration while creating a maintenance schedule, and all inspections and repairs should be recorded for future use.

Maintaining and troubleshooting toroidal transformers guarantees their longevity, dependability, and efficiency. You may optimize performance and minimise downtime by resolving common problems like overheating, voltage fluctuations, noise, and electromagnetic interference, and adhering to the best practices for maintenance. Miracle Electronics, a leading manufacturer of the finest quality toroidal transformer in India, provides high-quality, reliable transformers that are designed for optimal performance. A proactive approach is essential to transformer health, whether it is through routine inspections, thermal control, or precise repairs. In order to ensure that transformers satisfy the requirements of contemporary applications, troubleshooting efforts can be further improved by utilizing advanced diagnostic tools and methodologies.

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toptoolsblog · 1 year ago

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How to spot a groundwater leak. Water can be a profitable resource, and protecting it is fundamental to environmental and economic sustainability. Finding and repairing groundwater leaks is one of the difficulties of water conservation and can lead to significant water waste and foundation damage. In this general direction, we will explore procedures and tools to identify groundwater leaks and work with water companies, businesses, and homeowners to repair them quickly and effectively. How to spot a groundwater leak Know the signs of a groundwater leak Before you begin your journey to find a groundwater leak, it is important to identify signs that may indicate a leak near the site. Common tags include: Unexplained increases in water bills: A sudden increase in water bills without a significant increase in water usage may be a sign of an underground leak. Reduced water pressure: A significant decrease in the weight of water throughout your plumbing system may indicate a leak. Puddles or Wet Areas: Unexplained wet spots or puddles in your yard, driveway, or other areas around your property may indicate an underground leak. Mold or Mildew Growth: The presence of mold or mildew in alarming areas like walls or ceilings can be caused by water leaks. DIY ways to detect groundwater leaks Visual Inspection: Regularly assess your property for moisture or unusually green colors, as they may indicate pools of water near the surface. Listen for hissing sounds: Turn off all water appliances and listen for hissing sounds near pipes as this may indicate a leak. Meter reading: Monitor the water meter for abnormal fluctuations, especially when you are not actively using water. Dye test: Add food coloring to the toilet tank and check to see if the color shows up in the toilet without flushing, which could indicate a leak. Expertise in locating groundwater leaks Acoustic leak detection: Using specialized equipment to listen for sounds associated with leaks, such as vibrations or murmurs, its location can be pinpointed. Infrared thermal imaging: Infrared thermal imaging cameras can distinguish temperature changes on surfaces, potentially revealing areas of water leakage and evaporation. Ground Penetrating Radar (GPR): Ground penetrating radar uses radar beats to map conditions underground, helping to find buried pipes and potential water leaks. Electroacoustic listening devices: These devices can distinguish the sounds associated with leaks and can pinpoint areas in a pressurized water system. cutting edge technology Satellite imagery and remote sensing: Advanced satellite technology and remote detection can help identify changes in soil moisture content, providing clues to potential leaks. Fiber optic sensors: Fiber optic cables installed along pipes can identify changes in temperature and strain, helping to identify potential leaks. in conclusion Detecting groundwater leaks can be a challenging task, but it is an essential one for water conservation and foundation maintenance. By combining DIY strategies, expertise and cutting-edge technology, people and organizations can promptly address leaks, minimize water waste and protect this vital resource for future generations. Regular inspections and proactive leak location strategies are key to ensuring a sustainable and efficient water supply. Related guides

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ronexbd · 5 years ago

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ELECTRICAL MEASUREMENT TESTING INSTRUMENTS TOOLS METER AND TESTER IN BANGLADESH

We Make Import Available Quality Branded Product

All kinds of Electrical Analysis, Measurement Tools, Meter & Tester Importer, Wholesaler & Supplier in Bangladesh. Such as….. Avo Meter, Multimeter, Clamp Meter, Insulation Tester, Continuity Tester, Battery Tester, Earth Resistance…

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sharpeagle-tech · 2 years ago

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Explosion Proof Mini Camera - ATEX Certified - CCTV systems | UK | UAE | Saudi

Explosion proof mini IR cameras are one of the smallest ex-rated cameras with approval ratings for zone 1 and zone 2. Schedule a consultation today.

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Visible distance above 15 meters with Infrared IR LED.Compact size for easy installation.

Optical Window made from toughened Ex- Proof glass, with light transparency >96%.Pig tailed with 5m armored 5 core cable Working Temperature Range: -25°C ~ +60°C

#mini camera atex #explosion proof ir camera #explosion proof mini ir camera #explosion proof mini camera #explosion proof zoom ir camera saudi arabia

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orwindindia · 5 years ago

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Orwind BATTLECAM-007 22MP 4G + WiFi 1440P HD Remote Control Body Camera with

Waterproof Shockproof Anti-fog Laser indicator Police Enforcement Recorder(Upto 128Gb TF Card Supported)*

Benifits: The BATTLECAM-007 body camera By Orwind includes a number of the latest video processing technology, full featured, reliable performance, can be widely used in public, prosecutors, the armed police and other law enforcement departments. Perfect for Army officers, security guards and other defence professionals.

Law enforcement recorder is a prominent enforcement field audio and video recording product of our company, applying multiple latest video and audio processing technologies. With comprehensive functions and reliable performance, it can be widely used by public security organ, procuratorial organ, people’s court, judicial organ, People’s Armed Police, industry and commerce organ, tax authority and other law-enforcing departments. At the scene of law ,enforcement, law executors can use the equipment to record the conditions at the scene, collect evidence, standardize law enforcing conduct, play back the picture of scene and assure the accuracy and fairness of law enforcement.

Main Features:

Orwind Added MCU And Cryogenic Protection Chip To The Latest Version Body Cameras,

Currently These Two Stuff Are Not Available In Other Brand Body Cameras.

At The Same Time, We Add A "Sleep Mode", Which Makes The Camera Can Standby For Several Months.

Besides, Battery Size Are Upgraded To 3500mah From 2500mah.

Orwind Always Strive To R&D Better Products And Offer Best Service!

RECORDING Language: English | Sensor: 5MP CMOS ov4689 Red | IR Switch: Auto/manual | Chipset: Ambarella A12

| Record

Format: JPEG |Screen Protect :Off/ 1 min/ 3mins/ 5mins | Audio: High quality built-in microphone | Default Setting:

Restore factory setting |

Fast Forward: 2X,4X,8X,16X,32X,64X | Firmware: User can check camera's firmware version on Orwind Website | Rewind: 2X,4X,8X,16X,32X,64X | Pixels: 22 Megapixel

Product Information: The BATTLECAM-007 body camera By Orwind includes a number of the latest video processing technology, full featured, reliable performance, can be widely used in public, prosecutors, the armed police and other law enforcement departments. Perfect for Army & Police officers, security guards and other defense professionals. Law enforcement recorder is a prominent enforcement field audio and video recording product of our company, applying multiple latest video and audio processing technologies. With comprehensive functions and reliable performance, it can be widely used by public security organ, procuratorial organ, people’s court, judicial organ, People’s Armed Police, industry and commerce organ, tax authority and other law-enforcing departments. At the scene of law ,enforcement, law executors can use the equipment to record the conditions at the scene, collect evidence, standardize law enforcing conduct, play back the picture of

scene and assure the accuracy and fairness of law enforcement.

————————————————

Orwind FIREVISION-5000+ Body Worn Camera- 32GB Inbuilt Memory

Benifits: This body camera By Orwind includes a number of the latest video processing technology, full featured, reliable performance, can be widely used in public, prosecutors, the armed police and other law enforcement departments. The device can be timely record the scene, collect evidence, standardize the law enforcement behavior, reproduce the scene picture to ensure the accuracy and impartiality of law enforcement. Perfect for police officers, security guards and other defense professionals. |

> Powerful night vision function: in complete darkness, can see face outline up to 25 meters distance. > Double filter switch: daytime no color cast, night time image clear. > Strong security: no authorization, can't read or delete recorded data > Stamp: date time and ID number stamp on each video and photo. > Support external camera and walkie-talkie > Super HD video: 1920P > Pre-record and delay record > Record videos, take photos, record audios > Can playback videos/photos/audios on camera display > Video files are saved by segments in case wrong operation cause losing data.

> Operate reminders: LED, sound, vibration> Emergency alarming function > Important video marking function.

Main Features:

★ ORWIND MULTI-FUNCTIONAL RECORDER: Body-mounted video recorder for law enforcement with true HD 1920P recording 100° wide angle and digital zoom allow user to get footage clearly and widely. Perfect for police officers, security guards and other professionals.

★ EASY TO OPERATE: Video recording, take photos, infrared light all can be achieved by this mufti-functional item. Moreover, they can be enabled with the simple touch of a button. Portable size and lightweight makes it easy to wear and carry.

★ NIGHT VISION: Equipped with high-intensity infrared LEDs, not only you can record videos in daytime, the camera can also capture clear footage up to 22 feet away in pitch-black darkness. Live preview of recorded footage and picture can be checked by the built-in 2.0” LCD display.

★ Long Battery Life: The built-in rechargeable battery (3800mAh) supports recording time about 13+ hours at 1080P, allowing you to capture over 10,000 images on a full charge. IP66 protection level provides it excellent water and shock resistance, ideal for indoor and outdoor use.

★ Safety: Orwind Firevision-5000+ body camera with 32GB built-in storage allows for hours of footage without worrying about running out of space. Once recorded, you can easily transfer and share files to your computer via included USB cable. Technical Details: Police body camera often utilized by law enforcement to record their interactions with the public or

gather video evidence at crime scenes. | Nowadays it's also widely used in military, public service and citizen surveillance. | Orwind Body Worn Camera is the

widely used device developed by CMPro, it has light weight and simple for operation . | ☆ Data Security: All Recorded Files Can ONLY Be Deleted By Administrator on PC Software Considering

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advicetomoms-blog · 5 years ago

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The 10 Best Video Baby Radios You Can Choose

The 10 Best Video Baby Radios You Can Choose Every sound he makes while sleeping does not show that his baby is in trouble or needs intervention. You know you can control her and her room without having to go to her, right? With the help of a video baby monitor, not only can you see your baby; With the help of lullabies, you can make it easier for your baby to fall asleep on your own, understand whether the baby's room is at a suitable temperature, if necessary, you can help calm down with your voice. What should you pay attention to the most when choosing a baby monitor ? Noise Exit Aradan: How to Choose a Baby Monitor? we told in our article. Now, we will talk about the 10 most preferred video monitors that mothers prefer. If it is not enough just to hear the sound of your baby, seeing your baby will make you feel more peaceful, do not decide which of these radios will take without reading the features!

1. Weewell WMV 855 Digital Video Baby Monitor

Weewell WMV 855 Digital Video Baby Monitor This Weewell baby monitor with many superior features stands out with its 3.5 '' wide LCD display, which you can see every detail. The zoom feature allows you to get the details closer.Another feature that will be useful for you to control the camera from the parent unit. In this way, you can turn the camera at the angle you want and without having to enter your baby's room.Night vision is at least as clear as day vision. If we think that Weewell will benefit from video baby monitor most nights, it would not be wrong to say that this feature should be in the first place when choosing.It provides shooting up to 300 meters in the open field and warns you out loud if you go out of range.It uses digital wireless technology, which provides excellent clarity for uninterrupted communication.It has a double-sided speech feature and up to four expandable cameras.The parent unit can work with both electricity and battery. It has Wox feature that prolongs the life of the battery. This feature saves energy by turning off the screen when the baby is not making sounds or moving.The 3-color night light, ambient thermometer, feeding alarm and lullaby features of the Weewell baby monitor, which draws attention with the quality of the imaging features, are also useful little details added to the product. Moreover, the ambient thermometer allows you to set a temperature range. If your baby's room temperature is below or above the temperature you set, it gives you an audible warning.Having so many features together is reflected in the price, of course. Its price in the market varies between 500 and 650 TL. Features we likeFeatures we don't likeShooting rangeScreen size4 cameras can be connectedVox featureAbility to manage the camera from the parent unitFeeding alarm

2. Motorola MBP 36S Video Baby Monitor

Motorola MBP 36S Video Baby Monitor Next, there is a Motorola video baby monitor with 2.4 GHz FHSS wireless technology that provides uninterrupted communication, crystal clear sound and 3.5 '' LCD screen that you can follow your baby in the best way. You can move the camera horizontally and vertically, and zoom in with the zoom feature. The automatic night vision feature is as clear as it is during the day.This Motorola baby monitor with a range of about 300 meters warns you by warning if you are out of range.Lullaby and ambient thermometer features also help your baby sleep in a comfortable and healthy environment.There is a conversation feature where you can make your baby sound and lullabies.The number of cameras can be increased up to four cameras.The parent unit can be connected to the TV. In this way, you can watch your baby on a wide screen. Although it is above average, it is a radio that you can choose with many useful features besides its quality and reliability. Features we likeFeatures we don't likeShooting rangeScreen size4 cameras can be connectedCan connect to TV

3. Philips Avent SCD630 / 37 Video Baby Monitor

Philips Avent SCD630 / 37 Video Baby Monitor It uses FHSS technology, which provides a safe and excellent quality connection. In addition to the high image quality it provides, you can clearly hear your baby crying, laughing or sobbing with its crystal clear sound.It has 300 meters of shooting area and warns you if you are out of range or if the monitor's power is low.With infrared night vision feature, you can follow every moment of your baby both day and night, and thanks to its zoom feature, you do not miss any details.The baby and parent unit are powered by electricity. The parent unit can also be used wirelessly by installing a battery.Intelligent Eco Mode automatically minimizes transmission power, increasing the lifetime of the battery. The rechargeable parent unit offers up to 10 hours of freedom of wireless use.Thanks to the thermometer feature, you can check whether your baby's room temperature is suitable; because it warns you immediately with a change in room temperature.This Philips Avent walkie-talkie, which can play 5 relaxing lullabies and has a vibration mode, can instantly make a voice to its baby with the touch of a button.You can adjust the microphone sensitivity as you wish. In other words, if you wish, you can use your baby only in a setting that will hear you cry.This video radio, which is quite expensive than its counterparts with its price ranging from 1265 to 1485 TL, can be found at the top of the list despite its price when Philips Avent is known for its experience and quality in baby products. Features we likeFeatures we don't likeShooting rangeHigh priceScreen sizeFHSS technologyIntelligent Eco Mode

4. Loobex LBX 2601 Baby Monitor with Digital Camera

Loobex LBX 2601 Baby Monitor with Digital Camera You can move the camera in the direction you want with Loobex digital camera baby monitor with zoom in / out technology that allows you to follow your baby closely.It has 200 meters of shooting distance in the open area and warns you when you are out of this area.Vox system and adjustable sound save energy with light adjustment.It allows two-way speech.Playing lullabies is also a nice feature that you can calm your baby and use to help him sleep.The mother unit can be used either by plugging it in the socket or by charging it.This radio, which has the basic features that you can call on a video baby monitor, Features we likeFeatures we don't likeVox featureShooting rangeAffordable priceNo additional features such as thermometer, night lightFHSS technologyIntelligent Eco Mode

5. Chicco 2567 Video Digital Top Baby Monitor

Chicco 2567 Video Digital Top Baby Monitor "It is not enough to hear my baby's voice, I must see him." Chicco camera baby monitor is one of the camera radios you can prefer.It offers the best image with a 3 '' LCD screen and a zoom feature that can magnify the image up to two times.The LED light, which is activated automatically in the dark, accompanies your baby while sleeping.In addition to playing 6 lullabies, you can connect your Mp3 player to play different music.It also features night light and thermometer.It is also advantageous to take photos and record videos.There is a bi-directional speech feature.You can save 5 different dates, times and phones. These make it easier for you to organize your baby's specific routines and to immediately call important phones in an emergency.Baby unit and parent unit can work with batteries and adapters. Features we likeFeatures we don't likeShooting rangeSave date, time and phoneCan be connected to MP3 playerAbility to take photosVideo recording

6. Kraft BM254 Digital Video Radio

Kraft BM254 Digital Video Radio The Kraft video baby monitor, which helps you monitor your baby without interruption with its technology that provides secure communication over digital channels, has a FHSS system and automatic interference selection feature to prevent possible frequency confusion.The shooting area is 200 meters and it gives a warning signal if you get out of this area.It has a 3.5 '' color LCD screen, infrared night vision feature and adjustable camera.It helps you by preparing your baby's room for sleep with its night light and 6 different lullabies.If you are not looking for a lot of features and say, "A quality image is enough for me." If you say, you can choose the Kraft baby monitor with Features we likeFeatures we don't likeScreen sizeShooting rangeFHSS technologyIntelligent Eco Mode

7. Bebevo VM 901 Video Baby Monitor

Bebevo VM 901 Video Baby Monitor It has 2 '' screen and night vision camera.You can control the temperature of your room from the thermometer indicator on the monitor, you can play songs with a single button whenever you want. Moreover, the music player feature can be set on the monitoring monitor. So you can change or close the lullaby even before entering your baby's room.It has 260 meters of gravity in the open area.Thanks to the adjustable Vox mode, you can use it for a long time without the need for charging. You can set the sensitivity level of Vox mode as low, medium or high.By holding down the microphone sign on the monitor, you can call your baby, sing songs and calm him whenever you want. Features we likeFeatures we don't likeVox featureScreen sizeAffordable priceNo extra features

8. Gigaset PV830 Baby Camera

Gigaset PV830 Baby Camera With its high sensitivity sensors, night vision feature and double-sided sound feature, it allows you to listen and see your baby and call it when necessary.The coverage area is 200 meters and warns you if you go out of the coverage area.It has adjustable volume and thermometer feature.While the baby unit can only be used by plugging it in, the mother unit is powered by an adapter and a battery.There are 9 different lullaby features for you to prepare a calm and peaceful sleep environment for your baby.Gigaset baby monitor, which has all the basic features required to hear, see and communicate with your baby, is one of the lowest priced products on our list, Features we likeFeatures we don't likeAffordable priceShooting rangeNo extra features

9. Switel BCF 805 Digital Baby Monitor with Camera

Switel BCF 805 Digital Baby Monitor with Camera It has a 2 '' LCD display with brightness adjustment and 6 infrared diodes for night vision.With the energy saving mode and Vox feature that enables the device to be activated by voice, you can use your device without charging it for a long time.The product, which offers communication up to 100 meters, is capable of working with batteries or adapters.If you find it sufficient to view your baby and it doesn't matter if you don't have any additional features, you can opt for this Switel radio. Features we likeFeatures we don't likeVox featureShooting rangeScreen sizeIt is not very affordable according to its features

10. Inanny Nm288 Hd Wi-Fi Baby Camera

Inanny Nm288 Hd Wi-Fi Baby Camera It allows you to watch your baby with your handheld unit while at home or outside by smartphone, tablet or computer.It has a coverage of up to 300 meters in use with the handheld unit and warns out loud when it goes out of this area. This warning feature is activated when the battery is low.The 2.4 '' LCD screen has infrared night vision that allows you to monitor your baby, even at the lowest light levels at night.Lullaby and mutual talking feature.You can take photos, record videos and watch more than 12 hours of video.It has motion, sound and temperature warning feature.You can purchase this video radio Features we likeFeatures we don't likeShooting rangeDespite its many features, its affordable priceCan be connected to smart phone, tablet and computerCapture photos and videosWatching more than 12 hours of video To compare, we put together the features of all these radios and put them in the table below. So you can examine the important criteria. Brand and modelShooting rangeScreen sizeFeatured featuresAdditional featuresWeewell WMV 855 Digital Video Baby Monitor300 m3.5 ''Ability to manage the camera from the parent unit, Vox feature, to connect 4 camerasNight light, thermometer, nutrition alarm, lullabyMotorola MBP 36S Video Baby Monitor300 m3.5 ''Connecting to TV, 4 cameras can be connectedLullaby, thermometerPhilips Avent SCD630 / 37 Video Baby Monitor300 m3.5 ''FHSS technology, Intelligent Eco ModeLullaby, thermometer, vibrationLoobex LBX 2601 Baby Monitor with Digital Camera200 m?Vox featureLullabyChicco 2567 Video Digital Top Baby Monitor300 m3 'Taking photos, recording videosLullaby, thermometer, date, time and phone recording feature, connection to MP3 playerKraft BM254 Digital Video Radio200 m3.5 ''FHSS technology, Intelligent Eco ModeLullaby, night lightBebevo VM 901 Video Baby Monitor260 m2nd''Vox featureLullaby, thermometerGigaset PV830 Baby Camera200 m?-Lullaby, thermometerSwitel BCF 805 Digital Baby Monitor with Camera100 m2nd''Vox feature-Inanny Nm288 Hd Wi-Fi Baby Camera300 m2.4 'Connecting to smart phones, tablets and computers, taking photos, recording videos, watching videos up to 12 hoursLullaby, motion, sound and temperature warning feature Read the full article

#MaternityClothesandItems #pregnancy

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numberplates4u-blog · 6 years ago

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Does Cadillac Super Cruise Self-Driving Technology Actually Work?

Perhaps I’m too trusting, but it only took me about three minutes to go from hands hovering over the steering wheel to leaning back in the driver’s seat with my arms crossed. Cadillac’s Super Cruise system is so good that it builds driver confidence almost immediately. Autonomous cars are the modern automotive industry’s holy grail, with practically every manufacturer and supply house feverishly developing the technology needed to build them. But while rivals are still in the laboratory, Cadillac has leapt ahead. In broad terms, Super Cruise is a self-driving technology that allows a vehicle to essentially control itself without requiring the driver’s hands to be on the wheel or feet on the pedals. It enables a car to accelerate, steer and stop all on its own in certain situations, emphasis on certain situations. No, you can’t put a destination into the navigation system and then take a nap or hop in the back seat to play a game of bridge, at least not yet. “That hands-off feature is what really separates us,” said Daryl Wilson, lead development engineer of Cadillac Super Cruise. “And I think it’s a real benefit to the customer.” Testing it in the real world, Cadillac invited us to experience Super Cruise firsthand on a coast-to-coast road trip. Twelve CT6 sedans were driven from the company’s headquarters in New York all the way to Los Angeles, California, a cross-country trek through 16 states. I participated in two legs of this journey, traveling roughly 1,200 miles (1,931 km) from Memphis, Tennessee, to Santa Fe, New Mexico. I had plenty of time in the driver’s seat during this trip across America’s heartland, which proved to be the perfect place to test it. Four Key Differences Separating Super Cruise from rival systems on the market are four key technologies. Perhaps most importantly, it’s geo-fenced, only operating on limited-access, divided highways, basically roads with medians as well as on- and off-ramps. At first, this sounds like a major shortcoming and even Wilson admitted to being skeptical when he joined the program. “I thought that was going to be a big constraint for us,” he said. But Cadillac was wise to limit it like they did. “I think for this type of feature, that is, by far, the place that it provides the most benefit to the customer,” noted Wilson, since long-haul interstate trips or slogging through rush-hour congestion are almost never enjoyable. Yes, Cadillac Super Cruise even works in heavy stop-and-go traffic. Beyond being geo-fenced, Cadillac has plotted every inch of limited-access, divided roadway in the U.S. and Canada, some 210,000 miles (338,000 km) in total. Let that sink in for a moment; they have basically digitized every mile of highway north of the Mexican border. With a wealth of knowledge about all the stretches of pavement Super Cruise can be used on, the system is aware of curves, barriers, elevation changes and interchanges that lie ahead. Obviously, this was no easy feat. “It took us three years to map all those roads,” said Wilson. Ensuring a car that’s equipped with this system knows exactly where it is, improved GPS is also utilized. It’s eight times more precise than what’s commonly available today, accurate to less than two meters, meaning the vehicle can even identify which lane it’s traveling in. ALSO SEE: 2017 Cadillac XT5 Premium Luxury Review The final building block of this technological puzzle is an attention monitor. Fixed on the steering column is an infrared camera that tracks the driver’s face; it can even identify where they’re looking, so don’t think you can glance down at your smartphone to compose a lengthy e-mail. Distract yourself for too long and the car will politely remind you to be pay attention. Since this infra-red camera operates in the non-visible spectrum, it works perfectly well at night or while wearing most sunglasses. This is to ensure drivers are ready to take control quickly if needed. Green Means (Let) Go! A significant step on the road to full autonomy, Super Cruise is not a set-it-and-forget-it solution. As Wilson said, “The driver needs to be engaged with the vehicle, ready to take over at all times.” You may not need to use your hands or feet for hours on end, but you’ve still got to be looking ahead and ready to react. As I learned shortly after we crossed into Arkansas, construction zones can be tricky for the system to handle, with their irregular lanes and often haphazardly arranged orange barrels. Likewise, you have to manually steer around debris on the road, which I did when we encountered a mangled tire scrap somewhere in Oklahoma. Also, inclement weather like rain and snow can throw it for a loop. When you’re on an approved stretch of highway and the vehicle’s onboard sensors can see the road lines, an icon pops up in the instrument cluster. When this is visible, you simply hit the Super Cruise button on the steering wheel and it takes over. Beyond this, there’s an LED bar mounted on the wheel’s rim. When Super Cruise is active, it lights up green, but this array also serves as an alert system. If you’re not paying attention, typically after glancing away for about 10 seconds, it starts to flash. Simply look back at the road ahead and it goes solid green again, no harm, no foul. But should you ignore this initial warning for too long, the lights flash red and the car alerts you further, either through an audible chime or a vibration in the driver’s seat. Continue being distracted and the vehicle assumes you’ve been incapacitated, activating the hazard lights, calling OnStar and gradually bring itself to a stop. No, you don’t want to do this. Naturally, if the vehicle can’t continue driving on its own because it doesn’t have absolute confidence it in its current situation, it alerts you to take over, which is why you always have to be paying attention. This happened a couple times while I was driving, once while navigating a poorly marked curve that had an exit ramp at the outer corner. One thing Super Cruise cannot do is change lanes; this requires manual intervention. Once you start steering, the system pauses itself and the light bar turns blue, indicating you’re in control. After you’ve completed said maneuver and you’re no longer applying any torque to the tiller, the car takes two or three seconds to find its bearings and then Super Cruise seamlessly resumes. Astonishingly Good According to Wilson, in one form or another, Cadillac has been developing Super Cruise for about five years. Clearly, Cadillac took its time and did things right because this system is good, astonishingly good. Except for certain challenging situations, you can drive for hours at a stretch and never touch the steering wheel. If conditions are favorable and you’re paying attention, it’s an absolutely seamless and nearly effortless experience. In fact, there were only a handful of instances where I had to intervene, and this was typically in areas that were either under construction or where road improvements had recently been completed. Additionally, when the sun is at a low angle in the morning and evening hours, glare can make it hard for the driver monitor to see your face, but this was a minor issue and only while traversing New Mexico at dusk. Super Cruise isn’t perfect, though it’s probably the best self-driving technology available today. But what about once it’s in the hands of general consumers? Someone is going to figure out how to trick the system. “Nobody is kidding themselves that there’s not going to be incidents,” said Wilson. “But, you know, limiting it for highway-use only, [the] driver-attention system, there’s a number of things that we’ve done to minimize the potential that those incidents are severe.” Furthermore, Wilson noted, “We believe we’ve done the due diligence from a validation and verification standpoint. We’ve driven every mile that we’ve mapped and the vehicle can operate on, we’ve gone back through and done verification testing with instrumented vehicles to understand the car’s capability in those situations under various conditions.” This exhaustive back-end work is evidenced by this technology’s impressive real-world performance. Available Right Now Currently, Super Cruise is only available in the 2018 Cadillac CT6 sedan. It’s standard on Platinum models or included in a $5,000 ($5,750 Canadian) options package on Premium Luxury versions of the car where it’s bundled with night vision, automatic emergency braking, and 20-inch wheels. Still, it’s not hard to imagine this system quickly migrating to other Cadillac nameplates and GM divisions in short order, though the company is not commenting on future plans. I say put it in everything right away, a statement I have ample confidence in, just like Super Cruise. Watch Craig Cole demonstrate Cadillac Super Cruise in this Facebook video below, which was broadcast live during his drive: Discuss this story on our Cadillac Forum The post Does Cadillac Super Cruise Self-Driving Technology Actually Work? appeared first on AutoGuide.com News.

http://www.autoguide.com/auto-news/2017/10/does-cadillac-s-super-cruise-self-driving-technology-actually-work-.html

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biomedgrid · 6 years ago

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Biomed Grid| A Guide to Select Sensors for Biomedical Propose

Abstract

After Implementing an external device in a patient, it is crucial to monitor it. The challenge of being inside the patient and the need to perform the chirurgical operation to observe the evolution and state is a major step to do. Also, the communication process is not easy. On the top, the rejection avoidance of a strange body and the critical environment presents an additional motivation. The present paper presents a detailed study sensor for a wide range of biomedical proposes and applications. It aims to explain and synthetize complex technical knowledge in a simple and comprehensible language.

Keywords: Sensor, Monitoring, Nanotechnology, Biomaterials, Implants, Data acquisition, Medical

Introduction

In basic terms, the sensor is a device that makes the detection and responds with an input from the physical environment. But what could be these inputs? The light, heat, motion, moisture, pressure, or any detectable in an environment variable entry are examples. Thus, when a specific sensor receives input from the environment, it sends an output, generally a signal which is capable of being converted to be read by the processor or transmitted electronically through a data network. Sensors are associated with transducers, assembling measurements, supervising and control devices. They are used together. Sensor means a device que detects a change in the physical environment and transforms it into a signal que can be measured and recorded while the term transducer is defined as a device que transfers energy from one system to another, which may be the same as or converted form (other than the original). The sensor is applied to detect itself while the transducer is applied to the sensing element associated with any circuit. Figure 1 shows the cascade chain of the sensoring process[1].

Figure 1: Mitral Veg.

The sensors are used in a variety of applications in industries, services and even for households. Basically, the sensor is a device that has the function to detect and respond to any stimulus efficiency. Various types of sensors respond to different stimulus, such as: heat, pressure, movement, light and others. After the sensor receives the stimulus, its function is to send a signal that can be converted and interpreted by other devices. The choice of sensor depends solely on the purpose of its installation. So, one needs to assess environmental conditions and choose the most appropriate sensor for that activity.

Types of Sensors

Acoustic Sensor

This type of sensor uses the echo return That spreads the speed of sound, one of the sensor types used to capture distances. The acoustic sensor was used in Polaroid camera and is used in many studies That Work with sonar system. Another use of the acoustic sensor is in the parking system of the most modern cars (Table 1).

Table 1: Acoustic Sensor.

Electric Sensor

Table 2: Electric Sensor.

Electric sensors detect variations in electrical parameters such as an Increase in electric correte or even varying the voltage. These changes cause some sort of signal to change the status of a specific circuit, the relay switch. Use of this type of sensor is very common in voltage detection circuit, overcurrent or overvoltage protection relays (Table 2).

Magnetic Sensor

Sensors of this type are widely used to detect the opening of doors or windows. The magnetic sensor Consists of a small plastic box That has in its inside two metal blades fractionally spaced. The action of the magnetic field is precisely When They These blades close, allow current flow. This magnetic field is Obtained by a magnet! (Table 3).

Table 3: Magnetic Sensor

Inductive sensor

Are Also magnetic sensors sensors Inductive, These sensors create a small magnetic field at its tip and When the metal goes next to it disturbing the magnetic field, the cam sensor to capture this disturbance and sends a signal que can be interpreted by a circuit connected to the sensor (Table 4).

Table 4: Inductive sensor

Mechanic Sensor

These sensors are the ones who have the ability to detect the positions, movements or presence through mechanical means. Among the main applications, we can mention the presence of objects in a Certain place, the detection locks or door openings, and the limit switch sensor is one of the best known. The AIMS limit to Prevent sensing an engine to keep running even after the moving part reach the peak (Table 5).

Table 5: Mechanic Sensor

Optic Sensor

These sensors are also known as photovoltaic and use the propagation of light for its operation. The optical sensor is used to index objects and can also be used to measure the distance at which the object is in relation to the sensor. This type of sensor is used on elevator doors in computer mouse, bar code reader, in more modern vehicle reversing systems and many others (Table 6).

Table 6: Optic Sensor

Thermal sensor

This sensor gives a certain response when subjected to a temperature change. There are various types of thermal sensors and are several applications. The best-known thermal sensor is the thermometer that almost everyone has at home. It is used to measure body temperature. This type of temperature sensor is often used in environments where it is necessary to maintain a certain temperature, such as cold chambers. In this case, the sensor sends a response when it perceives that the temperature is outside of the ideal, and in accordance with this response refrigeration is switched off or activated(Table 7).

Table 7: Thermal sensor

It is important to know that there are specific sensors that fit within these mentioned groups which are the most common. There is a wide range of sensors for the most diverse applications. Following are some examples that may be used in devices embedded in the human body are presented. Indicative prices to be able to have an order of magnitude and make appropriate comparisons are presented [2,3]. The prices presented are based on historic benchmarking and experience of the author.

Proximity and Motion

The Distance ultrasonic sensor is capable of measuring distances of 2cm to 4m with great precision and low price. This module has a ready coupled to a receiver for measurement.

The reflection optical Reflective Phototransistor sensor is coupled in the same device has an infrared sensor (LED) and a phototransistor (receiver). It is specially designed to block light of other bands than the emitter itself, preventing ambient lighting interferences.

The Proximity Sensor Infrared is a photoelectric reflection module which includes an InfraRed (IR) transmitter and an IR receiver. This sensor has a longer range than traditional ones, ranging from 3 to 80 cm with the adjusting screw at the rear of the sensor.

The Absolute Orientation Sensor provides the possible to obtain the absolute position in three axes, useful to set up a project involving virtual reality [4-6].

The PIR Motion Presence Sensor can detect the movement of objects that are in an area up to 7 meters. If something is moving around in this area the alarm pin is activated.

The combined motion sensor on a single chip contains an accelerometer and a gyroscope MEMS type. They have 3-axis accelerometer and 3-axis gyroscope, providing 6 degrees of freedom (6DoF).

The obstacle IR sensor is a circuit composed by a transmitter, an IR receiver, and an IC comparator, which facilitates its connection with Arduino, PIC or Raspberry Pi, since its voltage is 3, 3-5V.

The Reed Magnetic sensor is a switch that works by magnetic field, closing the internal contacts when approaching. When taking the magnet, the contacts open again.

The Encoder speed sensor is used to perform engine speed measurements, pulse count and positioning controller. It can be used with many more drivers and boards such as Arduino, Raspberry Pi and PIC.

The Vibration sensor is designed to detect vibrations. Its applications are numerous but are mainly divided in a useful signal to process and a noise signal to remove. When the intensity is below the preset value (i.e., the value set at the potentiometer), the output is in a high state, otherwise the output is in the low state.

This Hall sensor has high sensitivity based on the Hall effect to measure magnetic fields around them. The magnetic signal is then converted into an electrical signal with high reliability and sensitivity and can be used in a very practical way with an Arduino. Alarms can be used in projects, accountants and other electronic circuits. The Grove magnetic sensor contains a reed switch on the board and can be used to set up alarm systems and proximity sensors based on magnetic fields.

The Vibration sensor Tilt Grove is used to detect movements and make the sign reading in a microcontroller as Arduino, Raspberry or Beaglebone plates and other applications in electronics design. The sensor can be used in monitoring systems and alarms systems, for example.

The gestures and RGB sensor are a plate with a sensor that provides ambient light measurement approach and signals. With Gesture Sensor and RGB it is possible to control a project, a computer design or a robot using only the movement of the hands.

The Distance Laser sensor is different from all the others: it uses a thin and invisible laser light source, and a circuit for detecting how long the light took to reach an object and return to the sensor. It can measure distances of between 30 and 1000mm with high degree of accuracy, has I2C and accepts power from 3 to 5V.

The analog line IR sensor varies the output value according to the amount of infrared light reflected to the sensor. When more light is detected by the IR receiver, the lower the voltage at the analog output.

The accelerometer module is a 12-bit resolution device with low power consumption, perfect for a virtual reality design using microcontrollers.

The Inductive Proximity Sensor is an NPN sensor capable of detecting metal objects up to 4mm away and generate a signal in the sensor output, which can be read by a microcontroller like Arduino.

The IR digital line sensor triggers the digital output according to IR light (infrared) received by the sensor. It is ideal for systems with only I / O available digital pin.

The 3-axis accelerometer has a new version provided now with a built-3.3V voltage regulator.

A Photo Interrupter Breakout Board was developed for easy connection to the component’s microcontroller. For complex projects involving accelerometer, gyroscope and magnetometer it is used an Absolute Orientation Sensor 9-DoF. It can be challenging to extract the necessary data of these sensors and convert them to a 3D world, requiring consolidating the data from these sensors, send them to I2C interface and saving work assemble complex algorithms or perform fine adjustments to extract the data needed.

For even more complex projects a 10DoF Sensor with Barometer, accelerometer, magnetometer and gyroscope is used. This is a powerful sensor IMU (Inertial Measurement Unit) that reaches 10 DOF, with 3-axis gyroscope, 3-axis accelerometer, 3-axis magnetometer and the pressure sensor and temperature.

Expected Price in March 2019 from €1.90 to €267.90

Temperature

The waterproof temperature sensor will allow you to take measurements in wet environments and wet with only one interface of one wire.

The regular temperature and humidity sensor allow temperature readings from 0 to 50° C and humidity 20 to 90%, widely used for projects with Arduino. The wider range temperature and humidity sensor allows temperature readings from -40 to +80° C and humidity from 0 to 100%, and very easy to use Arduino, Raspberry and other microcontrollers because it has only one output digital pin.

The temperature sensor with I2C communication is an accurate sensor, with typical accuracy of ± 0.25 ° C from -40° C to + 125° C + and resolution of 0.0625° C. The Temperature sensor is a sensor easy to use, communicating with the microcontroller via the I2C interface and sending temperature information in digital form, unlike traditional analog sensors. The Sensor Type K thermocouple with measuring range of -50 to 400° C is for use in multimeters and measurement equipment.

The temperature sensor can be a great option when looking for precision, and has easy communication with microcontrollers such as Arduino, PIC, ARM and Raspberry Pi. Widely used for home automation projects or even industrial.

The thermistor is a temperature sensor projects with widely used in microcontrollers, performing measurements in the range of -40 to 125° C based on a 10K Ohm NTC thermistor.

The temperature sensor Grove using a NTC thermistor for measuring the ambient temperature, generating an output voltage which is sent to the microcontroller.

The IR temperature sensor is a high-precision component that detects body temperature or objects by infrared without direct contact with the sensor is needed. It has already been calibrated at the factory and detects temperatures between -40 and 125° C with a precision of 0.5° C, still having multiple configurable user calibration methods.

The temperature and humidity sensor, for Sonoff is capable of measuring temperature and humidity providing data through its digital output. With its plug 4-pole, the sensor is perfectly compatible. The temperature and humidity sensor Son off have a resistive sensor capable of measuring temperature and a capacitive humidity sensor. Data is provided through its digital output. With its plug, the sensor is compatible with Sonoff TH10 / TH16. Sonoff is an affordable WiFi smart switch that provides users with smart home control.

The temperature sensor Waterproof Sonoff allows the functions similar to a thermostat, which can control any equipment according to the temperature.

The Digital Temperature Sensor performs temperature measurements accurately using only one pin of the controller.

The temperature and humidity sensor Grove is a module that contains a sensor on plate being connected to the microcontroller through a standard 4-pin cable Grove. This sensor comes pre-calibrated and is characterized by low power consumption and ease of use.

Expected Price in March 2019 from €2.40 to €80.90

Luminosity

The Brightness 5mm LDR (Light Dependent Resistor) sensor is a component whose resistance varies with the intensity of light. The lighter falls on the component, the lower the resistance. The light sensor can be used in projects with Arduino and other microcontrollers for alarms, home automation, motion, etc.

The Infrared (IR) receiver is useful in electronic projects such as motor control, lighting, alarms and circuits in general. It is user friendly with microcontroller circuit using Arduino, PIC or Raspberry Pi.

The IR Receiver Module is used in electronics design, remote control systems and alarms, for example.

The ambient light sensor module is a simple module to use but very powerful, as it has greater precision than standard modules using LDR (light dependent resistors). The sensor used is NPN phototransistor and the module has an analog output signal that can be read for example by a plate as Arduino. The higher the incidence of light, the higher the value in the output.

The photo Switch is an optical switch that operates with infrared, and on one side have an LED IR emitter establishing a light beam which is detected by the IR receiver on the opposite side. The distance between the transmitter and the receiver is 10mm.

The LDR Light Sensor (Light Dependent Resistor) is designed to detect light and has a digital and analog output that can be connected directly to a microcontroller as the Arduino.

The Infrared Phototransistor LED 5mm receiver is sensitive to infrared light and acts as a receiver of this type of light for use in electronics design as motor control, lighting, alarms and circuits in general. It is easy use with microcontroller circuit using Arduino, PIC or Raspberry Pi.

The UV Sensor is capable of detecting UV solar radiation using a simple chip. It can be easily configured for projects with Arduino to monitor UV Index, analyze UV-A lamps or DIY projects as plant growth analysis.

The Lux Light sensor can determine the amount of light (measured in lux), which is focusing on the sensor, and show that result in a display or trigger microcontroller ports in certain situations to light. Expected Price in March 2019 from €0.90 to €85.90.

Moisture

The humidity sensor Grove is composed of a rod and sends information to the microcontroller according to the humidity level detected by the sensor.

The Hygrometer Humidity Sensor is designed to detect the humidity changes, and when it is dry the sensor output is in the high state and low state when in wet.

The Rain Sensor is used to monitor a variety of weather conditions, but it can be used in liquid drops. When the surface is dry the sensor output is in a high state and when there is a liquid drop the sensor, output is in down state. Expected Price in March 2019 from €9.90 to €13.90.

Temperature and Moisture

The Temperature and Humidity High Precision Sensor and I2C communication with the microcontroller for use in electronics design, weather stations, room temperature control and medical equipment, among others. The sensor has 14-bit resolution and accuracy of 2% humidity and temperature of 0.2° C, providing accurate and reliable information as well as an extremely low power consumption in sleep mode. Expected Price in March 2019 around €65.00.

Chain

The Current Sensor Non-Invasive is an optimal device to measure AC current and is not invasive. It is widely used in projects with home automation Arduino like electrical current meters, protection of AC motors, lighting and others, but the non-invasive propriety is a boost to medical application.

The Current sensor performs current measurements accurately since it uses the Hall effect to detect the magnetic field generated by a current generating at the module output (OUT pin), a proportional voltage 66mV / A.

The DC Current Sensor provides measurements in circuits with DC voltage between 0 and 26V with DC current sensor, a I2C communication module and easy integration with devices such as Arduino, and other I2C interface. Expected Price in March 2019 from €26.90 to €58.90.

Touch

The Touch Sensor Capacitive is a component capable of detecting touches. Its operation is very simple: by touching the indicated region, the output of the sensor is activated. Without touching the sensor, there is no activity on output. It can be used as replacement of a push button.

The flexible sensor is a sensor of Sparkfun whose resistance varies as the sensor is bent. The greater the force applied, the greater the resistance in the sensor output.

The Force Sensor Resistive can make measurements between 100 g and 10 kg, depending on the force applied in the detection area (approximately a 15mm circle). Expected Price in March 2019 from €8.90 to €74.90.

Biometric

The Heart Rate Sensor allows to obtain data very useful when riding an exercise routine, studying daily physical activity or even for teaching purposes. The heart monitor pulse sensor performs reading of the heartbeat using an optical sensor amplified and sends this data to the microcontroller as the Arduino via a single signal pin.

The MyoWare Power Shield is a card designed for use with the Muscular Sensor MyoWare and uses two batteries. The Fingerprint Sensor can be used in projects with high complexity existing in this process.

The Muscular Expander Electrodes MyoWare Sensor allows you to place up to two electrodes directly on the board, being an interesting option for wearable designs (wearables). However, you often need a larger number of electrodes, or more distance between the electrodes and the sensor, and that’s where the Expander MyoWare electrodes. With Expander Electrodes Myoware, you can connectup to three electrodes using the cable MyoWare sensors (not included) connected to the expander through a P2 plug.

The Biomedical Electrode is the component responsible for forwarding to the sensor the electric signal captured during the movement of muscles. It can be connected directly to the Muscular Sensor or cable sensors.

The Sensor Muscular Myoware is a control device with the strength of your muscles. This is a plate designed for use with Arduino and using a sensor electromyography (EMG), which measures the electrical activity of a muscle. Muscular Myoware sensor generates at the output a voltage between 0 volts, and Vs, where Vs is the sensor voltage. The greater muscle activity, the higher the voltage at the output.

The cable Sensor is an accessory to be used in conjunction with the Expander electrodes and allows you to connect up to 3 electrodes in muscle sensor.

The strike sensor and Heartbeat Oximeter is a module consisting of two LEDs and a photodetector circuits that detect heart beats and indirectly measure the amount of oxygen in the blood. The sensor is suitable for projects in the medical field, fitness and wearables, among others. Expected Price in March 2019 from €12.90 to €374.90.

Barometric

The Pressure and temperature sensor have gains in terms of accuracy and power consumption beyond the size 63% smaller, making common their use in mobile and portable devices.

The Pressure and temperature sensor are fully compliant in terms of firmware and interface, including using the same Arduino library. It is a compact sensor with low power consumption (about 0.5μA), being a good choice for projects powered by batteries.

The Air Pressure Sensor measuring range of 0 to 40kPa and using MEMS technology miniaturization of components in a package DIP (dual in-line package). Expected Price in March 2019 around €20.00.

Others

TThe Water Flow Sensor measure water flow for your electronic projects is now no longer a problem with this Water Flow Sensor. It is installed in line with the pipe to measure the amount of water flowing through it, sending PWM pulses to your Arduino and Raspberry Pi for example. Expected Price in March 2019 around €35.00.

The Load Cell Weight Sensor uses the weight sensor load cell together with the module and build its own scale based on Arduino, Raspberry, or other PIC microcontroller. Expected Price in March 2019 around €20.00.

The Water Level Sensor is a liquid level sensor for use in water tanks, reservoirs, tanks and other containers. The level sensor functions as a power switch that can trigger switches, pumps, lamps or send a signal to the microcontroller as the Arduino, Raspberry Pi or Pic. Expected Price in March 2019 around €15.00.

The Color sensor detects the color of objects quickly and accurately with the color recognition sensor. The sensor recognizes light levels RGB (Red, Green and Blue, or red, green and blue) and sends this data to a microcontroller as Arduino, Raspberry, PIC and other models, allowing you to create efficient color detection systems. The Color RGB sensor with IR filter can recognize colors quickly and effectively. Based on chip, this sensor has RGB light sensors which together with the IR filter minimizes the influence of the IR spectrum, such as lights, leaving a much more accurate measurement. Expected Price in March 2019 around €65.00.

The sound sensor Grove is a plate with a microphone that detects the sound system and generates a variable signal at the output according to the intensity of the captured sound. Expected Price in March 2019 around €40.00.

Conclusions

There is a wide range of diferente sensors with diferente applications, advantages and strenghts. Knowing what best suits a real situation is crucial to extend life long. Also, it is important to understand how the sensor communicates the acquired data in order to find the appropriate acquisition and processing signal board.

Read More About this Article: https://biomedgrid.com/fulltext/volume2/a-guide-to-select-sensors-for-biomedical-propose.000583.php

For more about: Journals on Biomedical Science :Biomed Grid

#biomedgrid #Journals on Biomedical Imaging #Journals on Medical Microbiology #Journals on Medical Casereports #Journals on Medical drug and theraputics #Open Access journals on surgery

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tekhnowblog · 6 years ago

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Harga Baru Sony Xperia Z1 Compact

Info harga handphone yang selanjutnya akan kami berikan untuk anda adalah informasi Harga Baru Sony Xperia Z1 Compact, bagi anda yang sedang mencari informasi mengenai'Harga Baru Sony Xperia Z1 Compact 'dan spesifiksinya silahkan langsung saja anda baca ulasan yang kami berikan dibawah ini.

Sony Xperia Z1 'Compact' membawa layar 4,3 inci 720p, panel layar yang digunakan berbeda dengan Xperia Z1. Smarpthone flagship Compact ini diupgrade ke tipe IPS yang punya kontras dan sudut pandang lebih luas dari Xperia Z1.

BACA JUGA : Harga dan Sony Xperia M2 dual D2302

Sony Xperia Z1 Compact sama dengan Xperia Z1, kecuali baterainya yang diperkecil. Jika Xperia Z1 mengusung baterai 3.000mAh, versi Compact-nya membawa baterai 2.300mAh. Xperia Z1 Compact masih dibenamkan hardware unggulan seperti Snapdragon 800, RAM 2GB, NFC, kamera utama 20MP dengan G Lens f/2.0, serta fitur anti air/debu IP58/IP55. Smartphone ini menjalankan sistem operasi Android 4.3 Jelly Bean. Sony Xperia Z1 Compact

Harga Baru:'Rp 5.999.000 Harga Second: '

General 2G Network: GSM 850 / 900 / 1800 / 1900 3G Network: - HSDPA 850 / 900 / 1700 / 1900 / 2100 ' LTE 800 / 850 / 900 / 1700 / 1800 / 1900 / 2100 / 2600 Announced: 2014, January Size Dimensions: 127 x 64.9 x 9.5 mm (5.0 x 2.56 x 0.37 in) Weight: - 137 g (4.83 oz) ' IP58 certified ' dust proof and water resistant over 1 meter and 30 minutes Display Type: - TFT capacitive touchscreen, 16M colors ' Protection Shatter proof and scratch-resistant glass ' Triluminos display ' X-Reality Engine Size: 720 x 1280 pixels, 4.3 inches (~342 ppi pixel density) Ringtones Type: Vibration; MP3 ringtones Customization: Yes Vibration: Yes Memory Phonebook: Yes Call records: Yes Internal: 16 GB, 2 GB RAM Card slot: microSD, up to 64 GB Data GPRS: Up to 107 kbps HSCSD: - Edge: Up to 296 kbps 3G: HSDPA, 42 Mbps; HSUPA, 5.8 Mbps; LTE, Cat4, 50 Mbps UL, 150 Mbps DL WLAN: Wi-Fi 802.11 a/b/g/n/ac, Wi-Fi Direct, DLNA, Wi-Fi hotspot Bluetooth: Yes, v4.0 with A2DP Infrared Port: No USB: Yes, microUSB v2.0 (MHL), USB On-the-go, USB Host Features OS: Android OS, v4.3 (Jelly Bean), planned upgrade to v4.4.2 (KitKat) CPU: - Chipset : Qualcomm MSM8974 Snapdragon 800 ' CPU : Quad-core 2.2 GHz Krait 400 ' GPU : Adreno 330 ' Sensors : Accelerometer, gyro, proximity, compass Messaging: SMS (threaded view), MMS, Email, IM, Push Email Browser: HTML5 Games: Yes Colors: Black, White, Pink, Lime Camera: - Primary : 20.7 MP, autofocus, LED flash ' Features : 1/2.3' sensor size, geo-tagging, touch focus, face and smile detection, image stabilization, HDR, panorama ' Video : Yes, 1080p@30fps, video stabilization, HDR ' Secondary : Yes, 2 MP, 1080p@30fps Other: - NFC ' GPS with A-GPS support and GLONASS ' Stereo FM radio with RDS ' ANT+ support ' SNS integration ' TV-out (via MHL A/V link) ' Active noise cancellation with dedicated mic ' Xvid/MP4/H.263/H.264 player ' MP3/eAAC+/WAV/Flac player ' Document viewer ' Photo viewer/editor ' Voice memo/dial ' Predictive text input Battery Type: Non-removable Li-Ion 2300 mAh battery Stand-by: Up to 670 h (2G) / Up to 600 h (3G) Talk time: Up to 10 h (2G) / Up to 18 h (3G)

Demikianlah informasi'Harga Baru Sony Xperia Z1 Compact 'yang kami berikan untuk anda, semoga informasi diatas bermanfaat dan bisa anda jadikan referensi, sekian dan terimakasih atas kunjungan anda

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lifelearningapps · 6 years ago

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Moodzie Loves Dolphins

Moodzie loves Dolphins, as they are creatures of the ocean, and tend to live in a variety of habitats throughout the world, from coastal waters to the open oceans, dolphins are living everywhere. Moodzie, will share some interesting tips and facts about dolphins, for instance even though dolphins prefer more of a tropical climate, they are also able to travel into colder water to find food, and yes, most dolphins do ideally live within salt water. The average or preferred temperature for a dolphin is around 10-32 degrees Celsius, as dolphins are a warm-blooded mammal. Another tip, to take better care of dolphins are to leave them within their natural habitat, as many zoos go out there and attempt to get dolphins and in doing so they, leave them in water that many times is of the wrong temperature and also it is not salt water, plus dolphins are creatures of who would prefer to swim around in a more open environment rather than a small pool. Thus, Moodzie believes putting dolphins within the right setting is critical in order for them to survive and function properly. An interesting fact about dolphins is that they breathe air, unlike most oceanic creatures, dolphins are actually mammals who reside within the water, dolphins need to breathe air in order to survive however they are able to stay underwater for about a total of fifteen minutes, as dolphins can swim into depths of over a hundred meters, as they swim quite fast and aggressively. Dolphins like many other mammals, live within close knit groups, as they hunt, search for food, and residence together, rather than being alone, these close-knit groups are known as pods. Dolphins are meat eaters, primarily seafood eaters, as they are predators and they consume a variety of different types of fish. Dolphins tend to hunt in areas where boats are also present, as they know around that area a variety of fish will be readily available. One thing Moodzie really loves about dolphins is the cool fact of echolocation, as dolphins already have great eyesight and hearing but they can also echo sounds and clicks that only other dolphins can really hear, as the echo or sound travels through water, and hits the other dolphin with a vibration of a sort, hence is a common form of communication amongst dolphins. In overall aspects, Moodzie loves dolphins as they might just be the coolest mammal around. Overall, Moodzie just loves dolphins. Below are some awesome tips on these delightful creatures:

Habitat

Dolphins live in the oceans worldwide and tend to live in a variety of habitats, from coastal waters to the open ocean. Even though they prefer temperate and tropical waters, with surface water temperatures of 10 to 32 C (50-90 F), they will travel into colder water in order to find food. Most dolphins live in salt water, but some species have been known to thrive in freshwater locations.

About Dolphins

Find out all you can about these animals and how they can be cared for in their natural environment. Behavior: These warm-blooded mammals breathe air, but can stay under the water for about fifteen minutes. They can also swim to depths of over one hundred meters. In their search for food and fun, dolphins can travel up to sixty kilometres of thirty-seven miles. Dolphins live and travel in close-knit groups called pods. In these pods, they hunt and care for their young and other sick dolphins. Diet: Dolphins are active predators and eat a wide variety of fish, crustaceans and squid. They do not chew food and tend to swallow their food whole. As well as, breaking larger fish by shaking them, they also rub them on the ocean floor. Dolphins also tend to feed where there are boats fishing for shrimp or fish such as tuna. Special Abilities: As well as using their very good eyesight and hearing, dolphins have another sensory ability called echolocation. They can create lots of very fast clicks in their forehead and these clicks race out through the water and bounce off objects in front of them. This then returns to the dolphin who can feel the clicks in their lower jaw. Communication: Echolocation is similar to how a television antennae works. As a result, the dolphins get a picture in their minds of the object that is in front of them. Dolphins use this echolocation for many things such as; finding food in the dark, when navigating around or finding their way when the water is dirty. When dolphins want to communicate with each other, they make different sounds. These are a long and a short series of whistles.

Impacts

Collisions: Many dolphins are injured or killed by boats and jet skis each year. Speed reduction and dedicated observers can help reduce the number of collisions. Technical devices that sense dolphins can also be beneficial, such as laser, sonar and infrared techniques. You can be very observant on a boat or jet ski and let the driver know if you spot a dolphin. Dolphins do not deserve to be hit or injured in any way. Dolphin Drive Hunting: This method of drive fishing occurs when dolphins are herded together by boats into a bay or onto a beach. Their escape to the open sea is usually prevented by the use of boats and nets. Dolphins are hunted this way for their meat or are sold to oceanariums for profit. This practice mainly occurs in Japan, the Solomon Islands, Faroe Islands and Peru. Littering and Rubbish: Ingestion and entanglement can impact dolphins in the wild. Damage can occur when dolphins eat the plastic bags and other rubbish. With a full belly, dolphins can starve to death as they feel they are full. Also, swallowing rubbish can lead to various digestion problems. In addition, entanglement can also be a problem for dolphins. If dolphins get caught in lines, nets, ropes or plastic, it can restrict their movement. This can result in starvation, infection, amputation and drowning. People can stop creating rubbish and littering, as this can end up in the ocean and waterways. Create less rubbish by using recyclable bags. Also, non-toxic products can be used in the home to prevent dangerous chemicals ending up in the ocean and waterways. Tuna Fishing and Nets: In the tuna industry, nets are set up to catch a school of tuna. Tuna tend to gather beneath dolphins, so the fishing boats will follow pods of dolphins. Once the dolphins are spotted, speedboats are launched to herd dolphins away, while the main boat sets up a long curtain of net. Unfortunately, hundreds of dolphins can still be caught in the net and can die. Contact the Marine Authorities in your area if you see a dolphin being hurt, injured or killed. Feeding Wild Dolphins: Their social groups are disturbed if people feed wild dolphins. This threatens their ability to survive in the wild. It is vitally important that young dolphins are taught how to forage for food so that they have a chance of surviving in the wild. Swimming with Wild Dolphins: When seeing a dolphin in the wild, it is important not to treat them like a toy or a pet. Dolphins seen on television or in captivity are trained and may not bite the hand that feeds them. However, dolphins in the wild can bite when angry, afraid or frustrated. It is important not to try to swim with wild dolphins and disturb them when they are hunting for food. .embed-container { position: relative; padding-bottom:56.25%; height:0; overflow: hidden; max-width: 100%; } .embed-container iframe, .embed-container object, .embed-container embed { position: absolute; top: 0; left: 0; width: 100%; height: 100%;}

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thenewsvideos · 6 years ago

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Watch If you're after a phone that can withstand the elements, or survive accidental drops and knocks, then our list of the best rugged smartphones in 2019 is here to help. Not only are the best rugged smartphones money can buy water and dust proof, they also come in shock-resistant cases, which makes them ideal for working outdoors. If you're a fan of outdoor activities such as hiking, canoeing and climbing, then these brilliant rugged smartphones are a great choice as well. The best rugged smartphones will have undergone stringent IP68 tests to ensure that they meet military-specified standards for protection against vibration, shock, extreme temperatures, dust and water (albeit in controlled environments). The best rugged smartphones will also offer extra features to distinguish themselves from the rest of the competition: some have infrared camera functionality, others have sound level meters and even VOC (volatile organic compound) detectors. Finally, just bear in mind that wh.. video

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treatingwaterleaks · 5 years ago

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Water leak detectors

Water leak detection devices provided by Al-Huda Company Water leakage The problem of water leakage in buildings is one of the problems facing many people and results in many damages, through which large quantities of water are wasted, which economically affects the owners of the buildings.

It also increases the amount of moisture in the walls and ceilings and this leads to damage to the building and damage to furniture in close contact with it, and works on the emergence of fungi and mold in the home, which leads to the rust of iron bars that are the basis of construction in any house and weakening its structure.

شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالخبر

Water leak detector The problem of moisture, wall mold and other problems caused by water leakage can be avoided by:

There are many different devices that detect water leaks that differ in the way they work, and one of the best devices that is used is an electronic device that is able to detect places of water leakage through the vibrations, where the water is compressed in the tubes that may have a problem In it and the tubes near it, and the location of the leak and the crack in the tubes are known

Through the device that whistle in this place.

Humidity Humidity is known to occur when there are large amounts of steam in the air. The more steam the air carries, the more moisture will increase. Moisture has a significant negative impact on buildings, as it damages furniture and paint walls, leads to mold, and may cause many health problems for humans, so the amount of variotec 460 increases

Moisture in the walls in case of leakage of water from pipes that are created during construction in the walls. You can get rid of the moisture that afflicts the walls by isolating the walls internally, or by using polystyrene sheets that are attached to gypsum, and they are attached to the wall exposed to moisture by a kind of special adhesives, as this method is considered economically inexpensive. There are some things that housewives can do to get rid of the leaking water and the resulting moisture. These methods include the following: Ventilation of the house well, especially in the morning time and opening the windows on a daily basis to renew the air inside the house. Use double glazing in the windows to maintain high temperatures inside the house and reduce the water condensation process on the walls. Installing ventilation systems, especially in rooms without windows. The bathroom window opens after showering. Fix cracks on the walls to prevent water leakage.

The importance of leak detection devices That leak detection devices are used by companies and by customers alike, their prices are almost adequate and provide safety for the customer so that he himself detects the leak and does not need any specialist and therefore makes the decision of restoration or maintenance by himself and that the detection of water leaks constantly provides peace of mind to owners Building and ensuring that the building is completely safe.

Types of water leak detection devices Water leakage detectors vary widely, such as gas leak detection devices such as hydrogen gas and leak detection devices

Water with frequencies, sound to the permanent lifting and landing recorders, radio and other devices, but for now we will show you the devices that we want only in our simple actions such as detecting leaks in homes, apartments, residential buildings, service and food.

Underground water leak detector Several forms and types of this device have been manufactured, including those based on infrared radiation, and some that depend on electromagnetic waves

Including what depends on sound waves and many others, and here we explain in detail the role and how each leak detection device works.

What are the signs of water leakage at home? There are several signs and signs of water leakage, including Abnormal rise in the monthly water consumption bill. The appearance of water and moisture stains on the walls and ceiling paint. Cracks occur in parts of the buildings, especially the roofs. Hear sounds of pipes or note the presence of salts on the outside of them. Types of underground water leak detectors This type of device is discovered after burial leaks that are difficult to determine with the naked eye and are considered the most dangerous type of leaks at all. The device's forms, types, and currency are used to detect leakage without cracking and its types

Electromagnetic leak detector It is a device that detects the presence of leaks by sending electromagnetic waves inside the pipes.

Aqua Phone device to detect water leaks without cracking It is the most famous device in the field of detection of water leaks and the most used. The currency method depends on the pressure of hydrogen gas inside the water pipes to produce sounds and vibrations to determine the location of the leak easily.

Pipe pressure gauge This device uses the method of pressure pipes, and when there is any water leakage, its indicator moves.

Oscilloscope device This device depends in a currency way on the effect of vibrations inside the pipes. There is a screen that shows the movement of the vibrations within the tubes. In the case of the vibrations coming out from somewhere in the pipes, this is the place of leakage.

Ground microphone device It is a device that detects leaks by listening to the sound of water leakage, which is a device that works in a limited range, and an example of this device. next one

Leak detector It is used to detect leaks in pipes buried underground and can detect leaks to a depth of 3 meters.

Thermal camera device: It depends on the thermal imaging camera to detect water leaks, it gives a detailed thermal image of the pipes, welds and the movement of water inside them.

Aquaphon-A200 This device is simply the most advanced integrated ever, so the program that is installed on it applies completely wireless technologies, and also SDR wireless headphones are applied and what distinguishes this device is a fairly large screen that reaches 5.7 inches and touch screen provides excellent reading, and its technologies work on Automatic scanning and leak detection automatically, and this device is the best water leak detector for any professional looking for it

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solvethewaterleakageproblem · 5 years ago

Text

Water leak detectors

Water leak detectors Water leakage The problem of water leakage in buildings is one of the problems facing many people and results in many damages, through which large quantities of water are wasted, which economically affects the owners of the buildings.

شركة كشف تسربات المياه بالخبر

Water leak detector

The problem of moisture, wall mold and other problems caused by water leakage can be avoided by:

Types of water leak detection devices Water leakage detectors vary widely, such as gas leak detection devices such as hydrogen gas and leak detection devices

Underground water leak detector Several forms and types of this device have been manufactured, including those based on infrared radiation, and some that depend on electromagnetic waves

Including what depends on sound waves and many others, and here we explain in detail the role and how each leak detection device works.

What are the signs of water leakage at home? There are several signs and signs of water leakage, including

Abnormal rise in the monthly water consumption bill.

The appearance of water and moisture stains on the walls and ceiling paint. Cracks occur in parts of the buildings, especially the roofs. Hear sounds of pipes or note the presence of salts on the outside of them.

Types of underground water leak detectors This type of device is discovered after burial leaks that are difficult to determine with the naked eye and are considered the most dangerous type of leaks at all.

The device's forms, types, and currency are used to detect leakage without cracking and its types

Electromagnetic leak detector It is a device that detects the presence of leaks by sending electromagnetic waves inside the pipes.

Pipe pressure gauge This device uses the method of pressure pipes, and when there is any water leakage, its indicator moves.

Oscilloscope device

This device depends in a currency way on the effect of vibrations inside the pipes. There is a screen that shows the movement of the vibrations inside the tubes.

Ground microphone device It is a device that detects leaks by listening to the sound of water leakage, which is a device that works in a limited range, and an example of this device. next one

Leak detector It is used to detect leaks in pipes buried underground and can detect leaks to a depth of 3 meters.

Thermal camera device: It depends on the thermal imaging camera to detect water leaks, it gives a detailed thermal image of the pipes, welds and the movement of water inside them.

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spyjokerlove · 6 years ago

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Configuration:Body Only

Product Description

The EOS 5D Mark IV camera builds on the powerful legacy of the 5D series with imaging excellence ideal for wedding and portrait photographers, nature and landscape shooters, as well as creative videographers. Superb image quality is achieved with Canon’s 30.4 Megapixel full-frame sensor, and highly-detailed 4K video is captured with ease.

From the Manufacturer

The Mark of Legends

Immense power. Phenomenal speed. A remarkable combination of innovation and refinement. The new EOS-1D X Mark II camera is nothing but legendary every step of the way. Building on a heritage of sophisticated innovation, the EOS-1D X Mark II is blazingly fast. Up to 14 fps* (up to 16 fps* in Live View mode) can be captured at a burst rate of up to 170 RAWs with a CFast card, and an improved 61-point AF system helps deliver clean, sharp images quickly, even in dim light. This remarkable speed means faster recording too: 4K video can be recorded at up to 60 fps with smooth AF and strikingly clear detail. Combined with superb low-light performance thanks to its powerful sensor and expandable ISO range, the EOS-1D X Mark II performs brilliantly, swiftly and stunningly no matter when or where the photographer is shooting. From the stadium, safari or studio to virtually everywhere in between, the EOS-1D X Mark II maintains and enhances all the hallmarks of what Canon has to offer, marking a new page in the legacy of the EOS series of cameras.

* Continuous shooting speed may vary depending on the shutter speed, the aperture, the lens being used, the battery charge and various camera settings.

Fastest shooting EOS-1D, capable of up to 14 fps* full-resolution RAW or JPEG, and up to 16 fps* in Live View mode with new Dual DIGIC 6+ Image Processors.

Up to 14 fps* Full-resolution RAW or JPEG, Up to 16 fps* in Live View Mode

Delivering outstanding performance at speeds of up to 14 fps*, and up to 16 fps* in Live View, the EOS-1D X Mark II camera is loaded with technologies that help facilitate speedy operation at every step of image capture. The EOS-1D X Mark II features a new mirror mechanism designed for highly precise operation with reduced vibration even at incredibly fast speeds. The shutter unit is rated for 400,000 frames and captures at up to 16 fps*, while the CMOS sensor has high-speed signal reading that enables speedy image capture. A fast AF/AE system, Dual DIGIC 6+ Image Processors and high-speed recording with its new CFast card slot helps ensure that camera operations are performed quickly and precisely.

Dual DIGIC 6+ Image Processors

Key to the performance benchmarks achieved by the EOS-1D X Mark II camera, Dual DIGIC 6+ Image Processors not only convert the light that passes through the camera’s sensor into high-quality photos and movies, but also enhance the camera’s overall performance. Improvements include high-speed processing, up to 16-fps* operation for stills and 4K/60p movies, lens distortion and diffraction correction during operation with virtually no effect on the camera’s speed, plus fast write times and much more.

* Continuous shooting speed may vary depending on the shutter speed, the aperture, the lens being used, the battery charge and various camera settings.

Achieves a maximum burst rate of up to 170 RAWs in continuous shooting at up to 16 fps, and 4K movies using CFast cards in the new CFast 2.0* slot.

The EOS-1D X Mark II camera can capture an incredible amount of images and movies with amazing speed. When recording to CFast 2.0* cards through its new CFast card slot, the EOS-1D X Mark II can record up to 170 full-size RAW files, and JPEGs up to full card capacity at 16 fps. 4K/60p and Full HD/120p video can also be recorded with virtually no restriction, and with exFAT format support, movie files of larger than 4GB can be recorded without the need to merge files. Performance with CF cards through the camera’s CF card slot is impressive as well: the EOS-1D X Mark II can capture up to 73 full-size RAW files and JPEGs up to full card capacity when recording to CF UDMA7 media.

As of February 2016, compatibility has been verified for the following CFast memory cards:

Manufacturer Label Model Numbers Capacity SanDisk Extreme PRO CFast 2.0 Card SDCFSP-128G-G46B 128GB Extreme PRO CFast 2.0 Card SDCFSP-064G-G46B 64GB

Proper operation cannot be guaranteed for all recording media. Long-term usage may reduce a CFast card’s write speed. We recommend users regularly fully format and refresh their card using the “Full Format and Refresh Tool.”

* Canon is an authorized licensee of the CFast 2.0 trademark, which may be registered in various jurisdictions.

Experience less noise in higher ISO images via a new 20.2 Megapixel full-frame CMOS sensor, with an ISO range of 100–51200; expansion to ISO 409600.

20.2 Megapixel Full-Frame CMOS Sensor

The EOS-1D X Mark II camera features a Canon-developed 20.2 Megapixel full-frame CMOS sensor that not only helps it record more pixels, but also includes gapless micro lenses for enhanced low-light performance. This results in noise reduction in dark portions of the image even at high ISO speeds, and increased sensitivity that contributes to the EOS-1D X Mark II’s high-speed image capture rate, accelerating frame-to-frame performance as well as enabling 4K movies (60p/30p) and improved playback. The new sensor is also Canon’s first full-frame sensor to include Dual Pixel CMOS AF for high-speed, precise AF during Live View still and movie recording.

ISO Range of 100–51200; Expansion to ISO 409600

The EOS-1D X Mark II camera delivers high standard and expanded ISOs, and a score of options to enhance shooting in varied and fast-changing lighting situations. With a standard range of ISO 100–51200, the EOS-1D X Mark II is incredibly sensitive, and thanks to a high signal-to-noise ratio as well as powerful noise reduction, the EOS-1D X Mark II can shoot at expanded sensitivities down to ISO 50 (L) and up to 102400 (H1), 204800 (H2) and even 409600 (H3)! Beyond the obvious advantages of its wide ISO range, the EOS-1D X Mark II has automatic ISO settings, found on the dedicated ISO menu. Minimum and maximum ISO settings can be specified, as can a user-defined range, plus full auto and manual.

Improved AF performance through 61-point High Density Reticular AF II system with 41 cross-type points, improved center point focusing sensitivity to -3 EV and compatibility down to f/8*.

Improved AF Performance

The EOS-1D X Mark II camera incorporates a number of significant improvements to help deliver highly precise, reliable AF and AF tracking, both faster and available in more situations. It features a new 61-point High Density Reticular AF II system with 41 cross-type points that expands the AF area approximately 8.6% in the top and bottom of the central AF area, and approximately 24% at the top and bottom of the peripheral frame. A wider subject tracking area improves the AF system so that challenging focus tracking in scenes with sudden changes of speed and subject position is easier than ever. The AF system’s low-intensity limit has been improved to EV -3 and all 61 AF points are compatible down to f/8* for excellent low-light performance. The EOS-1D X Mark II’s AF algorithm has also been improved: it’s equipped with AI Servo AF III+, which remembers the AF path and helps refine precision. Whether choosing individual AF points manually, using the Large Zone AF area or any of the camera’s automatic AF selection modes, the EOS-1D X Mark II is designed to exceed users’ expectations for high-precision AF.

Improved Intelligent Viewfinder with Enhanced Visibility for AF Point Display

The EOS-1D X Mark II camera features a new Intelligent Viewfinder II for convenient composition and setting changes without taking an eye off the subject at hand. The camera’s viewfinder can show significantly more information in the LCD display and presents AF points in red, increasing visibility in dark locations where AF is typically difficult and in situations where the ambient light makes the AF frame difficult to see. Features like the electronic level, a grid, flicker detection, white balance, metering mode, AF information and more can be glanced at easily without drawing attention away from the subject.

* Except when using the Canon EF 50mm f/2.5 Macro, EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro, EF 100mm f/2.8 Macro USM, EF 100mm f/2.8L Macro IS USM and EF 28-80mm f/2.8-4L USM lenses.

Accurate subject tracking for stills and video with new EOS Intelligent Tracking and Recognition AF with 360,000-pixel metering sensor.

The EOS-1D X Mark II camera has an amazingly advanced 360,000-pixel RGB+IR metering sensor and processor that greatly contribute to the camera’s impressive AF performance for both stills and video. Thanks to a high resolution and infrared sensitivity combined with a refined detection algorithm, this new sensor improves the color and shape recognition of the EOS-1D X Mark II’s iSA (Intelligent Subject Analysis) system, increasing the camera’s ability to recognize subjects for faster, more precise AF, metering and exposure compensation. This additional exposure and subject information also helps the EOS-1D X Mark II’s iTR (Intelligent Tracking and Recognition) AF system maintain focus on a moving subject with a greater level of consistency.

4K video (4096 x 2160) up to 60 fps (59.94), with an 8.8-Megapixel still frame grab* in camera. Full 1080p HD capture up to 120 fps for slow motion.

The EOS-1D X Mark II is an incredibly capable camera for moviemaking. Thanks to its Dual DIGIC 6+ Image Processors and its advanced sensor, it can capture huge 4K (Motion JPEG) video at up to 60 fps, recording smoothly to CFast cards. It’s the first EOS camera able to record Full HD video at 120 fps, easily displaying minute details imperceptible to the human eye and ideal for slow-motion video capture. With the camera’s new touch panel display, AF points can be easily selected while the camera’s rolling, and focus can be quickly confirmed with the EOS-1D X Mark II’s 4K still frame grab feature*, wherein an 8.8-Megapixel still image can be selected for review and saved. Low-light performance is improved as well, with video recording at ISOs of up to 12800 in 4K and 25600 in Full HD. The EOS-1D X Mark II also features uncompressed HDMI output for Full HD videos, helping to facilitate video editing with minimal image degradation. Not to mention, it can also save videos as MP4s for easy playback on mobile devices.

* Saving a still image from a single movie frame does not result in the same image quality as a normal still image.

Dual Pixel CMOS AF & Movie Servo AF for high speed, high frame rate and continuous autofocus during video shooting.

With significant improvements in AF operation, the EOS-1D X Mark II camera can be an indispensible and remarkably portable moviemaking tool. Continuous AF, even during 4K recording, is made easy thanks to the EOS-1D X Mark II’s Dual Pixel CMOS AF, which is compatible with all Canon EF lenses. Focus points can be selected automatically, or specified on the camera’s new touch panel LCD screen. Critical focus throughout the frame can be easily confirmed by enlarging stills grabbed from video recordings. The EOS-1D X Mark II’s Movie Servo AF is compatible with all frame rates and resolutions, and can be customized to set tracking sensitivity, AF speed and even Face Tracking priority. These advanced features help make the EOS-1D X Mark II a truly versatile and convenient camera for 4K and Full HD moviemaking.

View and control high quality stills and videos via the 3.2-inch touch panel LCD with 1.62 million dots.

The EOS-1D X Mark II camera’s 3.2-inch touch panel TFT LCD monitor has approximately 1.62 million dots, anti-reflective construction and features Canon’s Clear View LCD II technology for bright, sharp display in any number of shooting situations. Its new touchscreen function allows AF point switching and image magnification during Live View shooting and movie shooting, providing convenient operation. The LCD monitor can be ideal for reviewing settings and images, as well as for shooting in Live View mode. In Live View, grid lines can be displayed in 9 sections, 24 sections or 9 sections with diagonals, as well as the dual-axis electronic level, which helps ensure accurate level by displaying both roll and pitch in 1-degree increments. For image review, the EOS-1D X Mark II has a dedicated Magnify/Reduce button. While pressing the button, zooming in or out (up to 10x) is achieved simply by turning the Main Dial. Images can be protected or erased quickly, individually or in batches, and slideshows can be created with some or all images and can be sequenced by date, folders, movies, stills, protection or rating. A feature guide can be accessed for the selected menu, providing detailed reference information when needed.

Increased resolution and fine detail, with lens aberration correction and diffraction correction via new in-camera Digital Lens Optimizer technology.

To combat any possible image degradation from lens aberration and diffraction, the EOS-1D X Mark II camera is equipped with a number of in-camera optical correction functions for clear and high-quality images. The EOS-1D X Mark II even stores lens aberration data, helping to eliminate the need to register lens data on previously released lenses, and correcting images with virtually no delay in-camera. The EOS-1D X Mark II not only corrects peripheral brightness and chromatic aberration, but also features distortion correction plus diffraction correction, which has been included for the first time in an EOS camera. Distortion correction helps resolve barrel and pincushion distortions, while diffraction correction virtually eliminates the blurring effects from diffraction that can be created when capturing an image at a small aperture. The camera’s Dual DIGIC 6+ Image Processors help ensure these corrections can be made with virtually no effect on operational speed. In-camera RAW processing is also made fast and convenient with Canon’s Digital Lens Optimizer, helping to improve image quality and giving photographers the ability to work confidently in more complex environments.

Built-in GPS* provides geotag information including auto time syncing with Universal Time Code via satellites.

Providing crucial location and time data, GPS has become an indispensible aspect of the professional workflow, especially for professionals who work on location and capture thousands of images each day. The EOS-1D X Mark II camera has GPS* built in, helping photographers and filmmakers not only tag their images with critical location data, but also adjust the time and timestamp on the camera automatically. Thanks to built-in GPS*, and Wi-Fi connectivity through the optional Wireless File Transmitter WFT-E8A accessory, the EOS-1D X Mark II can use both GPS and WFT (Wireless File Transfer) together, making it easy to upload a great amount of images both quickly and from increasingly far-flung locales. Offering compatibility with American GPS satellites, Russian GLONASS satellites and Japanese quasi-zenith satellites Michibiki, the EOS-1D X Mark II’s GPS information is reliably accurate virtually anywhere you go.

* In certain countries and regions, the use of GPS may be restricted. Therefore be sure to use GPS in accordance with the laws and regulations of your country or region. Be particularly careful when traveling outside your home country. As a signal is received from GPS satellites, take sufficient measures when using in locations where the use of electronics is regulated.

The new optional Wireless File Transmitter WFT-E8A is compatible with IEEE 802.11ac/n/a/g/b, supporting both the 2.4 GHz and 5 GHz Wi-Fi bands.

The Wireless File Transmitter WFT-E8A, the EOS-1D X Mark II camera’s new optional accessory, provides both a fast throughput for image uploading and several new features that make dynamic wireless photography simple and fast. It has 5 GHz 802.11ac support for high-speed image transfer, a revamped user interface that enables speedy set-up and configuration of wireless networks and even compatible smartphone connection. Accommodating both iOS and Android devices*, the Wireless File Transmitter WFT-E8A makes it simple to use a smartphone as a remote control for still and video capture. It can even transfer recorded images back for viewing on the device’s screen. The Wireless File Transmitter WFT-E8A is both compact and durable, with excellent dust- and water- resistance for unfettered operation in difficult environments.

* Compatible with iOS versions 7.1/8.4/9.0, Android smartphone and tablet versions 4.0/4.1/4.2/4.3/4.4/5.0/5.1. Data charges may apply with the download of the free Canon Camera Connect app. This app helps enable you to upload images to social media services. Please note that image files may contain personally identifiable information that may implicate privacy laws. Canon disclaims and has no responsibility for your use of such images. Canon does not obtain, collect or use such images or any information included in such images through this app.

Durable and rugged magnesium alloy body with dust- and-weather resistance for demanding shooting situations.

For professionals who demand nothing less than the best, the EOS-1D X Mark II camera is designed to perform superbly even in the most treacherous environments, every time. The body is constructed of rigid, high-strength magnesium alloy for rugged performance and features a grip design for easy finger placement and reduced hand fatigue. Its shutter has lightweight, carbon-fiber blades, and is rated to maintain up to 16 fps performance without compromise, for up to 400,000 cycles. The EOS-1D X Mark II and accessories like the new Wireless File Transmitter WFT-E8A have extensive gasketing for improved dust and water resistance, even at their connection points.

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kathleenseiber · 6 years ago

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‘Reverse trick’ for LEDs could keep future computers cool

In a finding that runs counter to a common assumption in physics, researchers ran a light emitting diode (LED) with electrodes reversed in order to cool another device mere nanometers away.

The approach could lead to new solid-state cooling technology for future microprocessors, which will have so many transistors packed into a small space that current methods can’t remove heat quickly enough.

“We have demonstrated a second method for using photons to cool devices,” says Pramod Reddy, who co-led the work with Edgar Meyhofer, both professors of mechanical engineering at the University of Michigan.

The first—known in the field as laser cooling—is based on Arthur Ashkin’s foundational work. Ashkin shared the Nobel Prize in Physics in 2018. The researchers instead harnessed the chemical potential of thermal radiation—a concept more commonly used to explain, for example, how a battery works.

The team made a calorimeter with a sensing area 80 micrometers (0.08 millimeters) across, shown in this electron microscope image. They used the calorimeter to show that an infrared photodiode running with electrodes reversed behaved as if it were at a lower temperature and cooled the calorimeter. (Credit: Linxiao Zhu)

“Even today, many assume that the chemical potential of radiation is zero,” Meyhofer says. “But theoretical work going back to the 1980s suggests that under some conditions, this is not the case.”

The chemical potential in a battery, for instance, drives an electric current when put into a device. Inside the battery, metal ions want to flow to the other side because they can get rid of some energy—chemical potential energy—and we use that energy as electricity. Electromagnetic radiation, including visible light and infrared thermal radiation, typically doesn’t have this type of potential.

“Usually for thermal radiation, the intensity only depends on temperature, but we actually have an additional knob to control this radiation, which makes the cooling we investigate possible,” says lead author Linxiao Zhu, a research fellow in mechanical engineering.

That knob is electrical. In theory, reversing the positive and negative electrical connections on an infrared LED won’t just stop it from emitting light, but will actually suppress the thermal radiation that it should be producing just because it’s at room temperature.

The researchers modified an infrared photodiode about the size of a grain of rice, shown in this electron microscope image. They smoothed its surface so that they could place it in close proximity to their custom-made calorimeter, just 55 nanometers (0.000055 millimeters) between them. The calorimeter’s measurements showed that the photodiode, when run with electrodes reversed, behaved as if it were at a lower temperature, and cooled down the calorimeter. (Credit: Linxiao Zhu)

“The LED, with this reverse bias trick, behaves as if it were at a lower temperature,” Reddy says.

However, measuring this cooling—and proving that anything interesting happened—is complicated.

To get enough infrared light to flow from an object into the LED, the two would have to be extremely close together—less than a single wavelength of infrared light. This is necessary to take advantage of “near field” or “evanescent coupling” effects, which enable more infrared photons, or particles of light, to cross from the object to be cooled into the LED.

The researchers had a leg up because they had already been heating and cooling nanoscale devices, arranging them so that they were only a few tens of nanometers apart—or less than a thousandth of a hair’s breadth. At this close proximity, a photon that would not have escaped the object to be cooled can pass into the LED, almost as if the gap between them did not exist. And the team had access to an ultra-low vibration laboratory where measurements of objects separated by nanometers become feasible because of dramatically reduced vibrations, such as those from footsteps by others in the building.

Linxiao Zhu shows the experimental platform that housed the calorimeter and photodiode. This system can damp vibrations from the room and building, steadily holding the two nanoscale objects 55 nanometers (0.000055 millimeters) apart. (Credit: Joseph Xu)

The group proved the principle by building a minuscule calorimeter, which is a device that measures changes in energy, and putting it next to a tiny LED about the size of a grain of rice. These two were constantly emitting and receiving thermal photons from each other and elsewhere in their environments.

“Any object that is at room temperature is emitting light. A night vision camera is basically capturing the infrared light that is coming from a warm body,” Meyhofer says.

But once the LED is reverse biased, it begins acting as a very low temperature object, absorbing photons from the calorimeter. At the same time, the gap prevents heat from traveling back into the calorimeter via conduction, resulting in a cooling effect.

The team demonstrated cooling of 6 watts per meter squared. Theoretically, this effect could produce cooling equivalent to 1,000 watts per meter squared, or about the power of sunshine on Earth’s surface.

This could turn out to be important for future smartphones and other computers. With more computing power in smaller and smaller devices, removing the heat from the microprocessor is beginning to limit how much power can fit into a given space.

With improvements of the efficiency and cooling rates of this new approach, the team envisions this phenomenon as a way to quickly draw heat away from microprocessors in devices. It could even stand up to the abuses endured by smartphones, as nanoscale spacers could provide the separation between microprocessor and LED.

The research appears in Nature. The Department of Energy and the Army Research Office supported the research. The researchers made the devices in the University of Michigan’s Lurie Nanofabrication Facility.

Source: University of Michigan

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