#Spacetime Wave Packets

[ultrimio]

The Universe as a Reservoir Computer: Info-Quanta and the Layers of Cosmic Computation

The universe, in its vast complexity, can be poetically envisioned as a grand reservoir computer, with each layer of cosmic structure contributing to its overall computational prowess. At the core of this theoretical model lies the concept of "info-quanta," the fundamental units of information that serve as the building blocks for the universe's operations.

Info-Quanta: The Universe's Fundamental Data Points

Info-quanta represent the smallest conceivable packets of information, analogous to bits in a digital computer. These elemental units encode the initial conditions of the universe, much like the input signals in a reservoir computer. The interactions and dynamics of info-quanta, governed by the underlying physical laws, give rise to the complex behavior observed at macroscopic scales.

The Layers of the Cosmic Reservoir

The universe's structure can be conceptualized as a series of emergent layers, each stemming from the interactions of info-quanta:

Info-Quanta Layer: The base layer of information, where the fundamental data points interact.

Quantum Field Layer: Arising from info-quanta, quantum fields dictate the behavior of fundamental forces and particles.

Particle Layer: Particles, the constituents of matter, emerge from the quantum fields.

Matter and Energy Layer: Interactions between particles create the observable matter and energy.

Spacetime Layer: The geometry of spacetime unfolds from the distribution of matter and energy.

Emergent Phenomena Layer: Complex systems, including life and consciousness, evolve from the underlying physical processes.

Here are a few ways the old quanta concept can inform the new idea of info-quanta:

Discreteness: The idea of quanta in physics introduced the concept of discreteness, where energy and matter come in discrete packets rather than being continuous. Similarly, info-quanta could be thought of as discrete units of information that make up the fabric of the universe.

Fundamental units: Quanta in physics are fundamental units of energy, matter, or other physical quantities. Info-quanta could be seen as fundamental units of information that are the building blocks of the universe's computational processes.

Quantization: The process of quantization, where a continuous spectrum is broken down into discrete units, could be applied to information as well. Info-quanta could be the result of quantizing information, making it possible to process and transmit it in a discrete, granular manner.

Wave-particle duality: The concept of quanta in physics also led to the discovery of wave-particle duality, where particles like electrons and photons can exhibit both wave-like and particle-like behavior. Similarly, info-quanta could be thought of as exhibiting both wave-like and particle-like behavior in the context of information processing and transmission.

Non-locality: The concept of non-locality, where particles can be instantaneously correlated regardless of distance, is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics. The idea of a non-local fabric, where info-quanta are interconnected and can influence each other instantaneously, draws inspiration from this concept.

The Computational Dynamics of the Universe

The universe's non-linear dynamics, stemming from the interactions of info-quanta, act as the reservoir in this cosmic computer. These dynamics are not directly programmed; instead, they result from the natural laws that govern info-quanta. The universe's evolution and the emergence of complex structures can thus be seen as a form of computation, with info-quanta as the data being processed.

The Readout Mechanism: Interpreting Cosmic Information

In reservoir computing, the readout layer interprets the transformed information to produce a meaningful output. In the universe-as-reservoir-computer analogy, the readout mechanism is the set of physical laws that allow us to understand the state and behavior of info-quanta. Observable phenomena, such as galactic formations and the lifecycle of stars, are the outputs of this cosmic computation.

Quantum Mechanics: Enhancing the Universe's Computational Capacity

Quantum mechanics, as an extension of the info-quanta concept, may offer the universe enhanced computational capabilities. Phenomena like quantum superposition and entanglement could exponentially increase the complexity and capacity of the universe's information processing, akin to the potential of quantum computing to outperform classical computing.

Conclusion: A Computational Cosmos

Incorporating the last argument, the relationship between info-quanta and the universe as a reservoir computer is foundational. Info-quanta are the elemental units upon which the universe's computational capacity is constructed. The dynamic interplay of these info-quanta, orchestrated by physical laws, enables the universe to process information and evolve, similar to how a reservoir computer processes input signals to generate complex outputs. This theoretical perspective invites us to view the cosmos not merely as a physical expanse but as an immense, information-processing entity, with each layer of complexity reflecting a different facet of its computational power.

[intelligentliving]

New communication technologies could be the outcome of a new class of laser beam that scientists have recently created, which defy long-held laws of light physics. These new beams, dubbed “spacetime wave packets,” follow different rules of refraction than any known light beam. The speed of light alters depending on...

[arxt1]

What is the fate of Hawking evaporation in gravity theories with higher curvature terms?. (arXiv:2205.13006v1 [gr-qc])

During the final stages of black hole evaporation, ultraviolet deviations from General Relativity eventually become dramatic, potentially affecting the end-state. We explore this problem by performing nonlinear simulations of wave packets in Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, the only gravity theory with quadratic curvature terms which can be studied at fully nonperturbative level. Black holes in this theory have a minimum mass but also a nonvanishing temperature. This poses a puzzle concerning the final fate of Hawking evaporation in the presence of high-curvature nonperturbative effects. By simulating the mass loss due to evaporation at the classical level using an auxiliary phantom field, we study the nonlinear evolution of black holes past the minimum mass. We observe a runaway shrink of the apparent horizon (a nonperturbative effect forbidden in General Relativity) which eventually unveils a high-curvature elliptic region. While this might hint to the formation of a naked singularity (and hence to a violation of the weak cosmic censorship) or of a pathological spacetime region, a different numerical formulation of the initial-value problem in this theory might be required to rule out other possibilities, including the transition from the critical black hole to a stable horizonless remnant. Our study is relevant in the context of the information-loss paradox, dark-matter remnants, and for constraints on microscopic primordial black holes.

from astro-ph.HE updates on arXiv.org https://ift.tt/XD6SizN

[thedefinitionofbts]

Of Stardust and Spacetime (5)

Ch. 1 | Ch. 2 | Ch. 3 | Ch. 4 | Ch. 5 | Ch. 6 | Ch. 7 | Ch. 8 (Final)

Pairings: Jeon Jungkook x Reader | Kim Seokjin x Reader

Genre: Scifi, Angst, Fluff/Romance, Comedy

Words: 3.9K

Description:

On clear nights he looks up at the sky, and he can still see you. He can see the image of you transcending alternate universes tied together by iridescent ribbons, passing through the iron cores of distant stars, and sliding across Orion’s belt to meet him in that magical place between the stratums of space and time. And he can remember that you existed, and that you stood next to him, just like this.

 If we never dream, how will we ever see beyond what has already been seen?

“50 million year difference aside, I think I might know why he can see you.” Namjoon’s voice drags you out of your shock-induced state, making you realize you could not fully digest his unforeseen deduction. While you were prepared to accept the fact that your dreams and visions were real events, it had never even remotely occurred to you that the person you were seeing in them was actually someone far, far in your future, no scratch that, the future because by the time he comes into existence you would’ve been long gone from this universe.

You raise your head at a snail’s pace, swallowing the lump that had formed in your throat. It was already difficult enough as it is to ponder over the fact that none of this made any sense, let alone come to some plausible conclusion as to how it was actually possible. “Why?” Was all you could manage to voice, but you had a hoard of questions swarming in your head, too many to even begin processing them one by one. Why would you be able to interact with him as if it were in the present? Is it actually real? And if it is, are you somehow travelling into the future? But the most important question that rushed out from somewhere hidden within you placed all the others in second, colliding against you like a cathartic wave of pent up confusion. “Why him?” You add, looking at Namjoon more intensely now. Of all the people that had existed and have yet to exist, why do you see him? And why does he see you?

“Because he’s listening for you.” Namjoon responds, smiling a little too mysteriously for your liking, but your thoughts are too chaotic to contemplate what he is insinuating. “He’s consciously searching for you, and thus able perceive that piece of your consciousness that was sent in the form of Star Mail. Of course…that still doesn’t explain the time difference…” Namjoon scratches his chin.

That also doesn’t explain why he would be searching for me in the first place, when I don’t even exist in his world…. You decide against voicing your thought out loud, thinking it’s probably best to just let the astronomer think in peace.    

Which he ends up doing for the next hour before finally coming to the decision that it would be beneficial for the study of metaphysics to conduct further “tests” in order to understand the mysterious phenomenon you are experiencing. That said, he doesn’t coerce you to do it or even try to sound persuasive. It would be completely against his philosophy to engage in experimentation without the subject’s unbiased consent, so he makes sure you’re fully aware that it is completely up to you and only aids in laying your options on the table.

“I cannot guarantee we will get any clear answers, and there are risks that come with exploring your own consciousness.” Namjoon inspects you to make sure your listening. You return a slight nod. “But the tests would simply involve you sitting in one of those Star Mail pods, and if my assumptions are correct, you should be able to retain more information if you are actively connecting with that fragment you sent two years ago.”

“What kind of risks?” You question cautiously.

“I’m not entirely sure, but I would predict that your symptoms of disorientation would grow stronger.” He frowns. “There is also the possibility that you lose your sense of self…of course, you should never let it get that far.”

You inhale sharply at his forewarning, feeling your hand begin to tremble. “Will I have to do anything besides sit in the pod?”

Namjoon smiles as his facial features soften. “All you have to do is concentrate on seeing him.”

You know exactly whom he is referring to, and the thought of actively going to see him makes your heart tingle and your mind forget about the previous word of caution the astronomer had mentioned. Truthfully, you had been hesitant about seeking answers, believing that some things were best left untouched, but your curiosity had always gotten the better of you. It was a vice and a virtue, but the idea of seeing him with full wakeful clarity and being able to remember details about the boy from your dreams is tempting enough to even put your unhindered curiosity into the shadows.

“Take some time to think about it.” Namjoon says. “If finding an answer for this is important to you, I’ll be glad to help, but make sure you’re doing it for the right reason.”

You aren’t entirely sure of what he means by “the right reason”, but you find yourself glancing at the clock and realizing it was time for you to go.

“Ok, umm I have to go, but I’ll definitely think about it!” You as you rush towards the door.

He chuckles at your sudden change in demeanor. “Take your time” He waves as he watches you exit the lab.

Namjoon’s advice echoes loudly in your mind as you stand alone in the elevator. Was he implying that you seem like type to not care enough about science to sacrifice yourself as a lab rat? But that wouldn’t make sense because it sounded more like a warning. God, you should’ve just asked, but you were in a hurry to meet up with Seokjin.

Whatever the case, you weren’t going to make the decision without having a discussion with him first anyways. It was something you did with all of the important choices in your life, and this was no exception. 

“So how was it?” Seokjin inquires as you approach him, slinging an arm around you causally as his other hand remains resting in his pocket. “Helpful?”

You don’t even know where to begin. There was so much you wanted to tell him, but you knew you couldn’t spew it out all in one go. You had to start somewhere simple.

“Yeah, but I might have to come back.” The words that leave your mouth on their own accord, surprise you. You had not been aware you were so eager to lean towards Namjoon’s offer of performing tests. Moments ago you had been keen on reminding yourself to take your time to consider this thoroughly, and now you’re all of a sudden this convinced you’re coming back for more answers?

“Oh, how come?” Seokjin’s puzzled reaction makes you realize you had yet to explain anything to him.

“My dreams, they are real events.” You begin. “And it has everything to do with the Star Mail packet I sent two years ago…” 

You spend the entire car ride back explaining what you currently know and what Namjoon had proposed. You even tell him all the details about your dreams that you can still articulate, describing to the person you see in them for the first time. Including the thing about time passing differently for the both of you, the fact that he can sense your presence because he’s looking for you (for reasons you don’t know), and ending with his actual existence being the 50 million years in the future. Seokjin had kept his eyes on the road the whole time, but you could tell by his occasional flabbergasted interjections that this was blowing his mind just as much as it had blown yours.

“Remember when I used to go hiking with you?” You query after your long speech.

Though you were utterly exhausted and still quite tangled in terms of how you felt about everything you had learned today, the mountainous landscape brings you back to a past you shared with the older male sitting next to you now.

“Back when I was an avid hiker?” Seokjin muses, not knowing where you are going with this topic.  

You still remember the way he would come knocking on your door in the early hours of dawn to put in an attempt to drag you out of bed. Saying that it was good to get some exercise in the morning and would make your whole day more productive. Despite the pleading tone of his voice, claiming that no one else would go with him, you never complied when you were younger, too lazy to get up or feel motivated to do something that required so much effort both mental and physical.

“Aren’t you still?” You eye him teasingly. 

“Of course! But you never wanted to come with me until like a year ago.”

You bite your bottom lip, chuckling as you recall how your attitude towards the activity changed so drastically because of one thing. “Yeah, the truth is, I actually only went with you for the purpose of finding out what part of Pandora I was dreaming about.” You admit. “I just couldn’t believe my imagination was active enough to construct an entirely new world or a person I’ve never met.”

There’s a short period of comfortable silence, one in which Seokjin only smiles faintly at your confession.

“You really want to get to the bottom of this, don’t you?” He voices consolingly, and you almost miss the melancholic tint that washes over his eyes.

“Yeah” You murmur barely audibly. “But maybe I shouldn’t…”

“If it’s important to you, I’m not going to stop you.” He sighs quietly. “I only ask that you be careful, and let me know if things start feeling off.” His supportive tone is something you had expected as well as his wariness of the unspecified dangers that experimenting on your own consciousness would pose, but there was something about the look in his eyes that you couldn’t quite put a finger on. Perhaps you were just overanalyzing.

You ultimately agree on going through with it until you feel uncomfortable proceeding or if any of the experiments begin taking a toll on your mental state.

Seokjin is persistent on reminding you to not push yourself beyond your limits, and you assure him that you won’t.

 …

  Everything is dark, until you spot a source of light that beckons you move forward. Your senses do not slowly return until the light grows brighter and the dark canvas is dissolving into pixilated specs. When you fully open your eyes you are facing a landscape that takes your breath away. A spectacular scene that does not end until the bleary horizon cuts off at that line where the celestial blue sky comes into contact with the land.

“Y/N?” The sound of his voice induces you to whip your head around, and that’s when you see him, doe-like eyes shimmering lustrously under the light of the sun. The sight of him standing before you has never been this clear, and although you had always known he was a beautiful boy, this immaculate view of him was beyond anything you could see while asleep.

His blatant astonishment makes you giggle. It makes you feel special, like you were a gift he wasn’t expecting to receive. “You said your name was Jungkook, right?” You voice, regarding him intently as he concentrates to hear your question.

“Y-Yeah, Jungkook. Jeon Jungkook.” Jungkook stutters, marginally thrown off by you showing up without him actually thinking about you for the first time. Well, he’s never not thinking about you, but this time he didn’t have to try so hard. He’s a bit startled and maybe a tad confused, but so fucking happy- so delighted that you have no idea how full his heart feels in that moment.

“No, I just wanted to make sure.” So it really wasn’t just a dream…his name is Jungkook. Jeon Jungkook. You smile again, making a mental note and hoping you can retain all of this confirmed information. Namjoon will undoubtedly be waiting with an array of questions once you return.

“How did you…” Jungkook trails off, only now coming to his senses and realizing how bizarre this actually was since he’s been trying to figure how to find you for the past ten years without any luck other than the random times he was successful in summoning you.

“I’m trying to decipher what this is.” You explain, hinting at how you’re here when it’s obvious you don’t belong. An expression of understanding does not wash across his face, so you state it more explicitly. “How we’re able to be together like this, I mean.” 

Jungkook finally registers what you’re implying. “Ohh right, yeah, this…this is a bit w-weird. I mean, it’s always been weird, but like the good kind of weird-” He shuts himself up before his pre-pubescent social skills ruin everything. At fifteen, he was far from being good at articulating his thoughts. He had come out for a hike not expecting to interact with anyone, let alone you, but he has to admit, this was much better than that surprise box of donuts his brother had brought him this morning. And don’t get him wrong, he loved donuts, but he would easily trade a million donuts just to see you for how ever long your current visit was going to last.

The amplified rosiness of his cheeks only make you laugh. Was he always this endearing?

“What planet is this?” You ask, scanning the forest coated area. It was reminiscent of the Pandorian wilderness, but the tree species were definitely unlike anything you’ve seen or read about in textbooks.

“Earth?” It’s not that Jungkook didn’t know. It’s that he’s confused as to why you would ask such an unusual question. He had never actually considered the fact that you may be from a different planet. Holy shit. His heart is beginning to race as the prospect strikes him.

“Earth…” You repeat, vaguely recognizing the name he had referred to this place a couple of years prior. “So you’re Earthian?”

“Ummm, maybe?” He needs to stop ending all of his sentences as questions. “I’m human. Uhh, homo sapien…” He swallows uncomfortably; unsure if he should ask the next question, afraid the answer will literally make him pee his pants. “A-Are you an alien?” 

You laugh airily. “Is that what you call someone from a different planet? If so, I guess I am. I’m Pandorian, from a planet called Pandora, but I’m not really here so you don’t have to be concerned about an invasion or whatever.”

Jungkook’s not sure if he should let out a sigh of relief or if he should inhale because he’s stopped breathing some time ago. “Wait, so if you’re not here, how exactly are we… communicating?”

“That’s what I don’t know yet.” You admit, biting your bottom lip. 

“You seem a lot more knowledgeable now.” He comments all of a sudden. “You didn’t know all of this before.”

“Hmmm, you’re right. That is sort of strange…” You think it might have something to do with the fact that you’re not asleep and that you’re actually sitting in one of the Star Mail pods in Namjoon’s lab, concentrating on being here- on seeing him.

“It’s cool.” He’s looking at the ground, but you can tell from the upward curvature of his lips that he’s just being timid- too shy to directly display how he really feels about you coming to see him. You have a gut feeling that his sensing of your presence stronger today, much like your view of him is unobstructed. He knows where you are, body facing you unlike the previous times he would just be talking to the air more or less.  

You take a step closer to him, wishing more of you were here and not just part of your consciousness. “You don’t mind if I ask more questions do you?” You didn’t want him to think that you were solely here for experimental purposes, because that couldn’t be farther from the truth. Sure you felt the need to unravel this mystery for “the benefit of metaphysics” but in all honesty you simply wanted to learn more about him. You want to continue seeing him because no other place had ever felt so…perfect, and maybe, just maybe you could figure out why the universe is behaving so strangely for the two of you…

“No, of course not, but my life isn’t that interesting…. well, apart from this.” He gestures in your general direction, and you understand what he means.

“Do you remember the first time we met?” You watch as he walks over to sit on a large rock next to one of the thicker trees.

“It’s a bit fuzzy, but yeah. I was five, and I tried to run away from home.” He chortles at the thought. “It was for the dumbest reason too.”

You make your way over as well and situate yourself next to him. “Were you thinking of anything?”

“I…” He trails off, trying to recollect the exact feeling he had moments before you arrived. “I was scared, and I was so alone.” He drops his gaze to fiddle with a fallen leaf. “I think I wished for someone to be with me, but I wanted it to be someone I didn’t know. It sounds kind of stupid, but I think I was waiting for someone who would comfort me and understand me without prior knowledge of me.”

“And that turned out to be me?”

You watch his eyelids slowly lift as he gradually turns to face you. His expression is calm, but you can tell there’s so much running through his mind. He cautiously reaches out to touch you and unsurprisingly finds that there is nothing there. You can see his arm extend right through you, and your heart clenches tightly. You desperately wish you were here physically because in that moment you can tell he needed you to show him that he’s not alone, that you are real, and that you are right there with him.

There’s a stillness in the space between the two of you, a fuzzy cloud that you can’t make out. It grows in size as he continues to regard the you who is nothing but empty space to him, and it blurs the image of him until you can’t even make out his form or the area around you anymore.

“S-sorry…” He lowers his arm, gradually turning away once again as he senses your departure.

 …

 You find yourself back in the pod, senses totally numb. The disquietude that makes itself known at the forefront of your thoughts is not unfamiliar to you, as it is almost an exact replica of the feeling you wake up to, only now you have the ability to discern why it’s there.

“Did you see him?” Namjoon’s voice is the first stimulus that pulls your senses back in like a strong gust of wind.

You blink to adjust to your surroundings, nodding sluggishly then more vehemently. “Yes, his name is Jeon Jungkook, and he’s a boy from a planet called earth.” You stand up on your wobbly legs, using the pod as support.

“Earth…” He trails off, typing the name into his computing device to pull up any recorded information. “As expected, it’s the exact one we detected in the past, a planet in the Milky Way galaxy, part of another solar system with seven other planets…so it does contain intelligent life, or more accurately, will.”

Will… as in 50 million years into the future. You feel a bit dizzy as the room begins to spin and you hear a high-pitched ringing in your ears.

Then everything goes black.

“Y/N, Y/N!” Namjoon shakes you by the shoulders, as he knelt by your collapsed body on the ground. 

“What happened?” You murmur sluggishly, trying to figure out why you were on the floor.

“You fainted,” He says, helping you sit up. “You were out cold for two minutes, are ok?”

It takes an extra minute for you to understand what he was saying, mind still unable to focus on anything that was going on. There’s a dull throbbing near your temple, and your vision remains clouded until you blink a couple of times.  

“Y-Yeah, I-I’m fine.” You half lie, trying your best to show him it was nothing to be concerned over as you stood up swiftly, glad that your legs are betraying you. In reality, you felt a bit alarmed, fearing this was exactly the risky downside of messing with your own consciousness. But it was only two minutes. Surely it hasn’t become dangerous yet, right?  

Namjoon doesn’t look totally convinced, but you’re quick to reassure him one more time as you leave to meet up with Seokjin again.

You find said older male waiting for you by the front doors the moment you’re back downstairs. He’s not exactly oblivious of the fact that you look extra pale today, and the fact something’s off about your speech.

“Y/N, are feeling ok?” He questions as you both walk to his car.

“Y-yes.” It’s not the entire truth. “Why do you ask?”

He wrinkles his eyebrows. “You don’t look so good.”

You make an un-amused face. “Are you trying to rub in how much better looking you are than I am?” It’s supposed to be a joke, but the execution is dry and unlike your normal upbeat retorts. 

Seokjin smiles anyways, but it doesn’t quite reach his eyes. “Tired?” He murmurs, slinging an arm around you like always and rubbing your shoulder soothingly.

You feel guilty about lying to him like this, but you couldn’t just give up on everything now, not when you’ve just started. You’ve just been offered a glimpse of how far you can go with this. There’s no way you were stopping this early in the game.

Over the next few sessions, you resort to convincing yourself that you were fine, and blacking out for a couple of minutes is nothing to be worried about. You even went as far as to tell Namjoon you had a habit of fainting when exhausted or when you haven’t eaten. He of course doesn’t pry into your personal life or health status, but he always gives you that skeptical look. You’re just lucky he doesn’t say anything about it.

There’s a definitive amount of mindfulness that accompanies the pursuit of something you know you probably shouldn’t. You know this because you still felt bad about lying. If you lost the guilt of going against your morals, that’s when you know you’ve reached the point of no return. This thought only dawns on you when Seokjin starts to get apprehensive about bringing you to Namjoon’s lab, and you find yourself nearly immune to his caring words. The fact that he doesn’t even know about your fainting episodes, because you had been afraid to tell him, and still able to sense something is not right, should be a red flag.

“I’ll be fine” You reassure him, unbuckling your seat belt at he watches you from the driver’s seat.

“I know you’re doing this because you want answers, but health and safety come first.” He sighs, gripping the steering wheel tight enough to make his knuckles turn white. “Y/N, please don’t forget. I…I really care about you, and I don’t want to lose you.”

“Don’t worry, I’ll be fine.” You repeat your statement giving him a reassuring smile.

You didn’t intend for it to cast a layer of sadness over his irises, but it does, and it makes your chest constrict.

...

[brauzer-games]

Ученым удалось создать лазер совершенно нового класса, луч света которого не подчиняется некоторым фундаментальным законам физики и оптики. Лучи света этого лазера, которые ученые окрестили термином «пространственно-временные волновые пакеты» (spacetime wave packets), подчиняются каким-то особым правилам отражения и преломления. И эти новые правила можно будет в будущем поставить на службу людям в области коммуникационных технологий […] Пространственно-временные волновые пакеты: Свет нового класса лазера бросает вызов фундаментальным законам физики #news #hitech #новости #гаджеты #игры #android #apple #skycloud Подробнее на https://sky-cloud.ru/2020/09/01/prostranstvenno-vremennye-volnovye-pakety-svet-novogo-klassa-lazera-brosaet-vyzov-fyndamentalnym-zakonam-fiziki/

[hackernewsrobot]

Spacetime wave packets: New class of laser defies laws of light physics

https://newatlas.com/physics/spacetime-wave-packets-laser-light-refraction/ Comments

[shirlleycoyle]

Lasers Made of ‘Spacetime Wave Packets’ Are Breaking the Normal Rules of Light

One of the most basic properties of light is that it changes speed and direction in different substances, such as water or air. This process, known as refraction, explains why a glass prism splits light into many colors and why a pool may appear shallower than it really is when viewed from a deck or diving board. 

Now, scientists have managed to defy this photonic principle with a special laser made of “spacetime wave packets” that do not slow down in denser materials, according to a recent study published in Nature Photonics. In fact, this new class of lasers can actually accelerate in a dense medium, among its many other optical superpowers.

Scientists led by Ayman Abouraddy, a professor of optics and photonics at the University of Central Florida, created these bizarre laser beams by linking their optical properties in both space and time, a tactic that unveiled “unexpected phenomena,” according to the study.

“What happens when you go into a laser beam and manipulate the space and time aspects and correlate them with each other; connect them with each other?” Abouraddy said in a call. “Turns out, pretty much everything we know in optics is out of the window.” 

You might be scratching your head over what constitutes the spatial and temporal aspects of a laser beam in the first place, and why they are normally kept separated. 

A laser’s spatial properties typically refer to the beam’s appearance in space, such as its size and shape. Its temporal properties relate to values such as the duration of its pulses, which are often incredibly fast bursts measured in nanoseconds (one nanosecond is equal to a billionth of a second).

“All laser beams produce light in which those two aspects are independent of each other,” explained Abouraddy. “Sometimes, they do get coupled but it is considered a nuisance that messes up the beam so you try to avoid it.”

“Our work, in general, on this topic that we’re calling spacetime wave packets is to look at the consequences of intelligently and purposefully going into an optical pulse and connecting the spatial aspect with the temporal aspect,” he continued.

For instance, one of the most important ways of understanding the spatial properties of lasers is to consider their configuration in terms of plane waves, which are the dependable building blocks of light. Manipulating a laser so that specific plane waves are paired with temporal aspects related to the pulse duration, such as the colors of the light, is one way to couple the two domains.

“Such beams cannot be produced by today’s lasers so what we do is take a generic laser beam then we go in and engineer its internal structure to satisfy this type of requirement,” Abouraddy said.

Abouraddy and his colleagues have found that very strange things occur when you start tinkering with spacetime wave packets. In the new paper, they describe how these special beams take on otherworldly properties when introduced to different substances.

“When you go from a rarified medium, like a gas like air, to a solid or more condensed medium like glass or water, light always slows down,” Abouraddy said. “We find that we can overcome this. We can create our laser pulses such that they speed up in a more solid medium rather than slow down. That’s what we call anomalous refraction.” 

As you might imagine, the exotic abilities of spacetime wave packets could have a huge range of applications for laser technologies as well as communications systems. For example, the beam’s ability to travel through water at any speed, with the right calibration, means that a synchronizing signal could reach submarine stations deployed at completely different locations at the exact same time.

Such trippy results may appear to be overturning established laws of physics, but the mechanisms governing the beams do not clash with fundamental optical principles, Abouraddy said. This is because the anomalous refraction effect only affects the “group velocity” of the beam, which means the speed at the peak of the pulse, which is different from the speed of the underlying oscillation of the waves themselves.  

The beams produced by spacetime wave packets are not yet scalable to normal laser platforms, but the team is currently working on cracking that particular optical nut. 

To that end, these weird lasers have attracted a lot of interest and support. Abouraddy recently received the Newton Award for Transformative Ideas during the COVID-19 Pandemic from the U.S. Department of Defense (DoD), and the team is also funded by a DoD multidisciplinary university research initiative. 

Lasers Made of ‘Spacetime Wave Packets’ Are Breaking the Normal Rules of Light syndicated from https://triviaqaweb.wordpress.com/feed/

[coolsandy8800]

New class of laser beam doesn't follow normal laws of refraction - Phys.org

New class of laser beam doesn’t follow normal laws of refraction – Phys.org

New class of laser beam doesn’t follow normal laws of refraction  Phys.org

Spacetime wave packets: New class of laser defies laws of light physics  New Atlas

Newly Developed Laser Beam Defies the Laws of Light  Interesting Engineering

View Full Coverage on Google News

[theoryofeverythingblog-blog]

According to some scientists, you can never actually touch something.

If you’re reading this right now, it’s a sure bet that you are touching something, be it your cellphone, laptop, chair, desk, or a nice plush bed with Egyptian-cotton sheets (we can dream, right?). Speaking of that nice plush, comfy bed, I hate to shatter the illusion, but you aren’t actually touching it.

Everything you can see, touch, and “feel” is made up of atoms — the infinitesimally small constituent parts of matter. The field of study related to these, called “quantum physics,” gives us plenty of mind-bending things to consider about the world around us — specifically, the indistinguishable activities going on at an atomic scale.

Ultimately, it may seem the atomic world isn’t particularly relevant to our day-to-day lives. However, this information is a key point when it comes to our understanding of how the four forces shape the physical world, and thus, it is key to understanding the universe. After all, you can’t understand how large things work without knowing the ins-and-outs of the small stuff, too.

Among the phenomena it encompasses, we have: quantum entanglement, particles that pop in-and-out of existence; the particle-wave duality, particles that shape-shift at random; strange states of matter; and even strange matter itself. Quantum mechanics also tells us that we are made up of particles, which means that, microscopically, all sorts of strange things are going on within us that aren’t perceivable to the human eye — things that sometimes seem to make little sense.

A bit more about particles.

To understand why you can never touch anything, you need to understand how electrons function, and before you can understand that, you need to know basic information about the structure of atoms

For starters, almost all of the mass an atom has is concentrated into an incredibly small region called the nucleus. Surrounding the nucleus is a whole lot of seemingly empty space, except for the region within an atom where electrons (and protons) can be found orbiting the central nucleus. The number of electrons within an atom depends on the element each atom is supposed to comprise.

Like photons, this funky subatomic particle also exhibits the particle-wave duality, which means that the electron has characteristics of both a particle and a wave. On the other hand, they have a negative charge. Particles are, by their very nature, attracted to particles with an opposite charge, and they repel other similarly charged particles.

This prevents electrons from ever coming in direct contact (in an atomic sense and literal sense). Their wave packets, on the other hand, can overlap, but never touch.

The same is true for all of humankind. When you plop down in a chair or slink into your bed, the electrons within your body are repelling the electrons that make up the chair. You are hovering above it by an unfathomably small distance.

Why do we think we touch things?

I’m sure some of you will wonder, “If electron repulsion prevents us from ever truly touching anything, why do we perceive touch as a real thing?” The answer boils down to how our brains interpret the physical world.

In this case, a number of factors are at work. The nerve cells that make up our body send signals to our brain that tell us that we are physically touching something, when the  sensation of touch is merely given to us by our electron’s interaction with — i.e., its repulsion from — the electromagnetic field permeating spacetime (the medium electron waves propagate through).

Also note, various things play a role here in making collections of particles into tangible things. We have things such as chemical bonding and, of course, the four primary forces mentioned above. Chemical bonds allow electrons to ���latch on” to imperfections within an object’s surface, creating friction.

All in all, isn’t it amazing how these things relate? It’s a fundamental scientific truth that things are often not as they seem, or at least, they are not as we perceive them to be. It throws everything we think about the universe into a new light.

Follow our Instagram page for more interesting and amazing facts: @ig_theoryofeverything

[bappyland]

Break it off in chunks.

Packets of information. Write a list. A litany of the events of your day. An epistle from Bappyland. An on site report of nothing more than spending your time. I spended lots of great time today and got much in return.

Break it down by the clock. Events, Starbucks, ortho, home, la, etc.

Right now I’m in the cab portion. 3:43pm, Friday.

I have to be on the plane at 4:54, then be back at the airport in time for a 6 am flight tomorrow morning. In between all I gotta do is go to LA, write, look around. And go to a marijuana dispensary of course. It’s all part of the article on how an addict spends his time. From substance to substance, place that place on a wave driving to the heart of spacetime.

[chitrashekhawat-blog]

Bio-electricity, Qi, and the Human Body

by Don E. Brown II, MSIS Certified Instructor; Chi Energy Heals Qi is the electric energy associated with living organisms. Electricity, defined by Merriam-Webster, is as follows: a fundamental form of energy observable in positive and negative forms that occurs naturally (as in lightning) or is produced (as in a generator) and that is expressed in terms of the movement and interaction of electrons. Generally speaking, when thinking of electricity, we think of it as something external to our human bodies: the naturally occurring lightning and human created technology being two said instances. There is, however, a form of electricity that is prevalent in every living creature: bioelectricity. Bioelectricity is the electric phenomena related to living organisms It is bioelectricity that enables a shark to map the ocean floor. It is bio-electromagnetic phenomena that enable migratory birds to travel great distances at the same time each year with the accuracy we have only been able to reproduce with maps and GPS. It is bioelectricity that enables the electric eel to generate large fields of current outside their bodies. The difference of electricity vs. bioelectricity is in degree, not in kind. Whereas a lightning bolt can exceed temperatures of 54,000 degrees Fahrenheit (30,000 degrees Celsius), that same current runs through the human body, just on a smaller scale. In fact, the human body runs largely off of [bio] electricity and has organs dedicated to sensing electromagnetic impulses, both inside and outside the human body. The pineal and pituitary glands are both directly tied to the human body's ability to sense and actively experience electromagnetic phenomenon. The pineal gland is the evolutionary descendant of our ancestors' ability to perceive light. It also "regulates the circadian rhythms of the body, biological rhythms that are attuned to the day-night cycle," (Celtoslavica, "Electricity and Human Consciousness); these "rhythms" can be and have been disrupted by electromagnetic fields, both naturally occurring as well as man-made. The pituitary gland "controls and influences all other hormonal organs which report back to the pituitary gland" (Celtoslavica, "Electricity and Human Consciousness); in fact, the pituitary gland is largely responsible for the overall functioning and efficiency of the human nervous system. The nervous system in human beings is based entirely off of https://mrelectric.com/ the ability to transmit electric pulses. Every cell within the human body pumps ions (e.g. that which makes up the quantum field), in and out of the cell for energy purposes; this is called the Sodium-Potassium pump, and can be found in all animal life. Said energy, in the biological animal, is called "adenosine triphosphate" (ATP); biologists and biochemist alike have noted that ATP can be neutral, or carry a charge (plus or minus), and is, infact, a charged particle which the cells use for energy. ATP is the final product of the digestive cycle and further exemplifies the human being's connection (and ability) to experience and manipulate the electromagnetic fields that permeate the Universe. "Bio-magnetism: An Awesome Force in Our Lives", an article published by Reader's Digest (January 1983), highlights some of the [still] cutting edge https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWoSWNwtVKA concepts the scientific community is, and has been, practicing: "When a patient with a broken leg that is not healing properly comes to Dr. Basset (Columbia Presbyterian Medical Center in New York City, NY), he is likely to go home with two heavy pads connected by wires to a box that can plug into an electrical wall socket. The patient puts one pad on each side of his broken bone and turns on the device. Coils of wire in the pad induce a pulsing electromagnetic field into his flesh and bone -- a field of qi energy that somehow commands the bone to heal itself." As postulated by the scientists interviewed in the article, it makes sense that human beings have the innate ability to sense electromagnetic phenomena: "We live on a sun-lit planet, and most living things have acquired some means to use the light. We live in a world filled with sounds, and most living things have developed a means to sense vibrations. Since our planet is also a giant magnet, it should not surprise us to discover that we and many other living things have a sensitivity to Earth's magnetic-force field." As we look from large-scale physics, e.g., the lightning bolt and the sodium-potassium pump, to smaller scale electromagnetic phenomenon, we find ourselves in the realm of quantum mechanics. Light is an electromagnetic phenomenon. Light is both a wave and a particle. In terms of quantum mechanics, electricity and light are the same. The oscillations of the impulses create the divergent effects. Microwaves, radio waves, even the non-lethal weapons of the US Army (such as the Active Denial System) are based out of electromagnetic fields. 203

Qi, too, is an electromagnetic phenomenon. Qi is energy; light energy; bio-electromagnetic energy; electricity. The degree of strength in an electromagnetic impulse is the difference between the heart pumping vs. a heart attack. When building qi, it is important to understand, important to know, that the electricity you are both introducing to your body as well as augmenting within your body, can be controlled/manipulated by your mind. The design of the human body features many organs attuned to electromagnetic phenomena: the eyes register individual photon packets; the tympanic membrane vibrates the mechanical wave of sound; the brain creates an electromagnetic field that is both separate and different from that which the heart generates. All this is to say that not only do human beings interact with electricity, we are fully capable of cultivating and controlling the bioelectricity we generate via our own bodies. Understanding that qi is our natural form of electricity, and that this energy comprises the very building blocks of spacetime, it is easy for us to see with the eyes of the enlightened - the interconnectedness we have with the Universe, and our abilities to move past the mundane. Author's Bio: Director of Research & Development Certified Chi Energy Instructor Sifu Don Brown II, MSIS Don Brown began his training with Sifu Jones in 1997. His background is an amalgam of intellectual curiosity, stemming from his introduction to the concept of chi in traditional martial arts [tai chi and kenjutsu] and similarities between the two. Don's scientific curiosity, background in Engineering (Masters of Science in Information Sciences) and [admitted] skeptical nature make him a perfect research assistant https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aWoSWNwtVKA for the Sifus. Don's interviews focus on quantum physics and how the latest scientific data correlate to chi, and more specifically, for the School of Chi Energy. The information conveyed therein is backed with hours upon hours of research, and is explained in layman terms; Don takes great strides in not "dumbing it down", but more importantly, step by step, educating you on the nuances of each topic, so that a complete and thorough understanding of the information can be shared by the practitioners, and incorporated into our daily lives. www.chienergyheals.com http://www.selfgrowth.com/print/6456281

[arxt1]

What is the fate of Hawking evaporation in gravity theories with higher curvature terms?. (arXiv:2205.13006v1 [gr-qc])

During the final stages of black hole evaporation, ultraviolet deviations from General Relativity eventually become dramatic, potentially affecting the end-state. We explore this problem by performing nonlinear simulations of wave packets in Einstein-dilaton-Gauss-Bonnet gravity, the only gravity theory with quadratic curvature terms which can be studied at fully nonperturbative level. Black holes in this theory have a minimum mass but also a nonvanishing temperature. This poses a puzzle concerning the final fate of Hawking evaporation in the presence of high-curvature nonperturbative effects. By simulating the mass loss due to evaporation at the classical level using an auxiliary phantom field, we study the nonlinear evolution of black holes past the minimum mass. We observe a runaway shrink of the apparent horizon (a nonperturbative effect forbidden in General Relativity) which eventually unveils a high-curvature elliptic region. While this might hint to the formation of a naked singularity (and hence to a violation of the weak cosmic censorship) or of a pathological spacetime region, a different numerical formulation of the initial-value problem in this theory might be required to rule out other possibilities, including the transition from the critical black hole to a stable horizonless remnant. Our study is relevant in the context of the information-loss paradox, dark-matter remnants, and for constraints on microscopic primordial black holes.

from gr-qc updates on arXiv.org https://ift.tt/XD6SizN