#THE ONES WITH ALL THE FLORAL LEATHER EMBOSSING AND/OR TOOLING

[leon-on-the-froggy-chair]

im telling yall i feel like Luis would really like those yeehaw ass fringe jackets

you know the ones

[vinceaddams]

Alright! Here's what we've got!! (Excluding the garbagiest garbage)

So many plastic buttons, so so grimy. Washed my hands several times and will wash all the buttons later.

I'm going to donate most of them (my button stash is big enough already and I don't often use plastic ones) but I will go through and choose some to keep. I'm really loving all the different green shades.

They're of wildly varying ages and qualities, and of course some of the older ones were disintegrating in various disgustingly textured ways and had to be thrown out.

A few metal buttons. There were more that were also gross and corroding, some in a green way and some in a rusty way, and these were the only not completely awful ones.

Some mother of pearl buttons, and a lot of these seem to be... also degrading in a gross textured way?? I have never seen mother of pearl do that. Maybe they were stored in an acidic environment, or maybe some gunk from something else got on them? I'll try washing them.

Some leather and wooden buttons, and a few non-disgusting fabric covered ones. (There were many more fabric covered ones that were rusty)

The little slanty ended ones are cute, but their shanks are very thin wire that's also very rusty, so I think they'll have to go. But I wanted them to be in the photo anyways.

The two biggest wooden buttons have the statue of liberty embossed on them.

I wonder what they were originally attached to.

8 glass beads, a glass stud with a yucky corroded green back, and a mother of pearl stud with a yucky rusted back. A tiny spiky buckle, 2 broken jewellery bits, a dangly wooden doodad, and 4 buttons that I think came off button boots. I'm quite sure the black one did, at least.

Glass buttons! Yay!! Much better luck here that with the MOP ones, which is the reverse of how it usually is. Those 3 little blue ones are doing one of my least favourite button things though, which is when one has a perfectly pristine metal back and another has a very oxidized one. Perhaps I can polish it.

Also look!

look at the little bird!

Instructions on setting invisible zippers from 1969, a crochet, knitting, tatting, and embroidery book from 1952, and a packet of mostly ugly Artex embroidery transfers.

Here, I reversed this one so you can read it.

I don't know what decade these are from, but I feel like maybe 60's or 70's? What the heck is ratfink??

2.8 metres of tatted lace, 2 small plain white cotton scraps, a crudely made hat shaped needle book, and Ethel why would you do that? Why would you print your name in a random spot on two handkerchiefs? If you're not going to embroider a monogram you could have at least centred it nicely on a corner, or put it along an edge.

Most of the thread was really awful quality, but there were a few nice ones, and some wooden spools! The two bottom spools were also fuzzy garbage, but I just wanted to include them in the photo because the ends look like radiation symbols.

It's a bit hard to read, but I think this spool says "mom hates her little children" :(

Several of the other spools had scribbling on them.

Seam binding, hand sewing needles, a bodkin, machine needles, and a plastic fork thingy. When I saw the handle I thought it was an awl, but it has two points so I'm stumped. Is it for eating fancy little snacks?

Safety pins and danger pins (and rusty extra danger pins which I put in my sharps disposal) as well as a few tacks and small nails. A broken floral brooch made of tiny seashells glued together, 4 links of a chain, 8 tiny metal balls and one big one, and a marble.

And of course a square glass container with a lid! I don't know what things I will put in it yet, but I will certainly put some things.

Belt tool connector thingy, 4 plastic buckles and one metal one. (slightly rusty but also slightly sparkly. Cheaply made fake cut steel.) An embroidered patch, a seashell, and more pins and needles in prescription bottles for two different people, neither of whom is Ethel.

Three very dull pairs of scissors, a cork, 3 bobbins which I think will fit my Singer but I haven't tried yet, a tracing wheel, two machine parts, a screwdriver, a board game piece, chalk, and a couple of mystery metal bits.

A wristwatch box with a single skein of embroidery floss.

Parent pencils named "EAGLE Verithin Dark Green" and "Says "Think Fire Prevention"", with their darling baby pencil, "Mini Frie".

4 snaps, more than 4 hook and eye closures, and a zipper so old the packaging calls it a Slide Fastener. And it was made in Canada!

An intriguing torn corner with a lot of "omit" and "deduct" on it, 4 puzzle pieces, a luggage tag, a sports ticket from 1989, a doctor's appointment, and a child with a bad haircut.

Make your own covered belt, buckle, and buttons! I'll save these until I find a good home for them.

I had thought this bag was old tissue paper, but no! It's little square scarves!

The fleshy mesh one in the upper right looks newer & coarser quality and is cut in half diagonally, but I'm pretty sure the three on the left are silk, and the red one appears to be one of those 50's nylon ones I've heard The Closet Historian talk about a few times.

I will also set these aside and someday find them a good home. They're too small for me to wear as cravats, but there must be some vintage ladies out there who want them.

Ok that's everything! Thank you for coming on this adventure with me!

Just grabbed this box of stuff from the free junk pile at an estate sale and I'm about to have the BEST afternoon! I will update you on the treasures later!

[synconableu]

Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: Cassini Tooled Wristlet By Patrica Nash with Crossbody Hardware.

[ccrbonline]

Check out this listing I just added to my Poshmark closet: 01400 Patricia Nash red floral tooled leather hand or shoulder bag EUC.

[footstepsofdawn]

A guide on getting that Robert Plant look:

HAIR! Caring for your hair really depends on your hair type. If you want to naturally lighten your hair, use chamomile tea rinse. If you do have curls and waves, leave-in conditioner is your best friend! I use Shea Moisture’s coconut and hibiscus curl and style milk. It’s excellent! Gradually get yourself to wash your hair less often, it’s healthier for it, I promise. Use heat tools very rarely. Use a hair oil or mask once a week, coconut oil is great for hair—wash it out well after leaving it in for an hour. Never towel or twist or rub your hair!! Just squeeze it out when it’s wet without twisting and let it air dry. Don’t touch it when air drying, especially if you are curly/wavy. This lets the curls form uninterrupted and non-frizzy. If you have straight hair, you could try braids or doing rag curls or using a curling iron—just make sure you use a good heat protectant!!!!

Brush and shape your eyebrows: You don’t have to go crazy with it, we want a natural look. Using a little spoolie brush to brush them out and guide where the hairs fall is best. If you want to fill them in a bit more, I like to use a wee bit of natural eyeshadow/bronzer as is appropriate for your coloring.

If you like makeup: keep it very natural, just highlight and shape what you already have! I’m really not very skilled in this area, and luckily it’s pretty unnecessary for a Robert look.

BE CONFIDENT! Walk tall, shoulders back, smile. You are like the SUN, GOLDEN and GLOWING! Go ahead and wear those tight bell bottoms if you want to! Unbutton that shirt a bit more if that’s your thing! I believe in you!! Give no fucks and wear what you want!!!!!!

Jewelry: Finding unique jewelry like bold metal braclets, delicate beaded shorter necklaces, and wide metal rings in thrift stores is great and cheap. He doesnt seem to layer necklaces, so stick to one, maybe two. Honestly, men should be ok with rocking jewelry more often, like Robert did, so if you’re a guy don’t be afraid of jewelry.

FLOWY SHIRTS! That’s a key part of the look. Floral patterns, solid with patterned borders, oriental patterns, bell sleeves, cropped blouses, paisley, tiny flowers, lace up neckline, peasant blouses, short puff sleeves, poet/bishop sleeved shirts, delicate collared button downs, kimonos, short silk robes, are great qualities to search for. Generally go for finer flowy fabrics like rayon, silk, delicate cotton. Tight fitting tshirts are good too! Embrace that rockstar feel and go for a leather jacket with a sold T-shirt underneath and a scarf tied about the neck, if you want to mix up the floral and flowy look. Layer a plain, tight fitting T-shirt with a delicate, floral blouse totally unbuttoned on top and a simple short necklace—you’re set!

Vests: patterned vests over a shirt were often worn also!

Belts: I definitely recommend finding cool belts! Larger square buckles with embossing or other metal shapes—just look at some pictures. Make sure it’s a wider belt. Show it off by just French tucking a shirt or wear something cropped or go with a totally open shirt to really display it all. A crocheted bralette or a lacy one could be worn under it so you aren’t flashing everyone, if you wear bras. Or go ahead and flash everyone, you’re an independent person!

Scarfs: thin, flowy, long or short. An elegant and fun accessory he seemed to play with in a few outfits!

Jeans: well, we know he liked them tight. ;) Go all out with bell bottoms and flares like he did, or wear a casual bootcut or straight leg if you want to tone down the look. He tended to wear low rise, but you could go with a mid rise for more coverage. Low/Hip/mid rise was more popular in the early 70s, high rise got more popular a little later on in the decade I believe. Go with a mid toned or darker blue wash for jeans.

THRIFT! Overall, I recommend hitting up as many different thrift stores as you can, that’s where the cooler and cheaper stuff can be found if you look enough. Way better for the environment too. If you can swing it, vintage stores are obviously amazing. Look on Etsy for vintage, you can set the price range so you don’t fall in love with something too expensive!!

Shoes: kind of hard to tell in a lot of photos of him? I think just look up what was popular in fashion at that time, like platforms or plain converse, or sandals. Leather boots can be worn underneath bell bottoms.

I think that covers it! Most importantly, be confident and love yourself unconditionally and Be. Your. Self!! It doesn’t matter what people think about what you wear! Embrace that rock god strut!!

[craftfurnish-blog]

Moments of style : Shanti Niketan leather craft Products

SHANTINIKETAN LEATHER GOODS

From primitive man to the civilized modern man… the journey of leather has been a really long one. Primarily used to cover the body, leather slowly found its usage in all walks of life. Besides clothing, leather was used to make shoes, tents, saddles, water pitchers, etc. It has indeed left an indelible mark on every human civilization. As societies became more sophisticated and developed, the scale of manufacturing and the processes involved in creating leather products widened. The leather clothing and accessories market is constantly drawing inspiration from the past due to a focus on craftsmanship and tradition. One such example is the Shantiniketan leather goods from West Bengal in India.

Depicting the rich cultural heritage of the enchanting Shantiniketan (known as the abode of peace in West Bengal), handcrafted Shantiniketan leather accessories are famous all over the world.

Shantiniketan leathercraft uses batik work wherein traditional patterns are embossed on leather thereby making the bags and other accessories different from the regular leather goods. Defining the art and culture that existed during the times of Nobel laureate Shri Rabindranath Tagore, leathercraft was started and developed as an art form wherein the craftsmen of the villages surrounding Shantiniketan were trained as a part of the Rural Development Programme of Vishva-Bharati University. Soon this craft grew and was wholeheartedly accepted across the globe. As a means of empowering the craftsmen of the area, the skill of making these leather goods is passed on from one generation of artisans to the other.  

The products are made from vegetable-tanned skins of goats and sheep. These skin are peculiar of their unique property of retaining the embossed prints. The grains of the leather is made to shine by rubbing it with a cotton pad. The skin collected is first washed and immersed in water. It is taken out and flattened by pulling and later it is dried. After drying, designs are drawn on the leather and it is cut to the required size to make the desired products. They are then entirely painted by hand, making is a time-consuming process.

Earlier, Shantiniketan leathercraft was made completely using hand and simple tools. But nowadays simple machines are used for making craft items, though the process involved in the process has not mechanized at all.

A perfect example of the superior workmanship of the local artisans, these beautiful leather bags are popular in foreign markets and are exported to many countries including Japan and the U.S. Originally evolved as a result of the Art Movement, Shantiniketan leather goods are famous for their appliqué, batik and embossed work. Mixed with the dedication, commitment and hard work of the craftsmen, the products manufactured and marketed under this art form include coin bags, footwear, handbags, pouches, jewellery boxes, pencil boxes, spectacle covers, bags, purses, wallets, piggy banks, cushion covers, sandals, etc. These leather products are not just attractive but are highly affordable too.

There is a variety of leather goods available in the market in different colours, shapes, designs, and forms. To meet the demands of modern consumers, many new designs and forms are incorporated into the art. By combining the new designs with this traditional form of art, the leather industry at Shantiniketan is on the revival path. Today, a number of designers have started understanding the versatility of the leather found here and are engaged in creating chic and trendy leather goods. Besides belts, wallets, juttis and mobile covers, there are multiple things that are made with this traditional craft. The most appealing quality of these Indian leather products is the embossed traditional motifs that depict floral and geometric designs painted with natural dyes giving it a very classy yet modern look.

In the year 2007, this much-acclaimed product was listed as “Santiniketan Leather Goods” under the Geographical Indications (G.I.) Act 1999 of the Government of India.

Indian handicrafts online

[ana-yanka]

Book Binding Styles

AIC Wiki: BPG Book Decoration

https://www.conservation-wiki.com/wiki/BPG_Book_Decoration

Styles of Book Decoration

Ajoure

"A style of bookbinding executed during the last third of the 15th century in Venice. Ajoure bindings were embellished with pierced or translucent patterns, in a manner referred to as 'letting in the daylight.' They generally featured openwork designs of foliage, angels' heads, satyr-masks, birds, baskets of fruits, etc." (Roberts & Etherington 1982, 7)

Aldine (Italian) style

"A style of bookbinding originated by Aldus Mantius but not restricted to the books printed by Aldus or his family. Aldine bindings, which were produced during the late 15th and early 16th centuries, were characterized by the use of brown or red morocco; by solid-faced ornaments with no shading (which were similar to those used in printing the text); and by title or author in simple panels in the center of the upper cover, which could be read while the book lay on a shelf or table. Early examples of the Aldine style were tooled in blind with an outer frame and a center ornament. "Possibly because of the Greek binders Aldus employed, as well as the fact that gold tooling (probably) originated in the Near East, Aldine tools display definite signs of Eastern origin. Early Italian bindings convey a consistent feeling of the shape and proportion of the book, which is demonstrated by: 1) the use of border and panel as schemes of design; 2) a remarkable sense of the value accorded ornamentation; 3) the areas of leather left undecorated; and 4) restraint in the decorative detail with the result that it was always in proper subordination to the overall effect of the embellishment." (Roberts & Etherington 1982, 8)

All over design

"1. A style of finishing in which the entire cover, as distinct from the corners, center or borders, is decorated by a single motif, multiple motifs, or a decorative roll. 2. Any pattern in a book cloth which runs both across and down the roll. " (Roberts & Etherington 1982, 8)

"A binding decorated so profusely that it is literally covered 'allover' with ornamentation." (Miller 2014, 434)

Azured or hatched motifs

Bindings decorated with an azured tool, which has "closely spaced parallel lines cut diagonally across its surface". (Roberts & Etherington 1982, 13)

"An obsolete term for a decorative tool with parallel lines cut across the face to create a shaded or hatched effect; in heraldic designs, the azured areas represent 'blue'." (Miller 2014, 436)

Cameo

"A style of Italian binding of the first half of the 16th century, which was imitated by French binders and also by Roger Payne at a later date. The style consisted of designs in relief made from dies cut intaglio, somewhat in imitation of gems or metals. Leather was the medium most often used, although vellum was also used, being pressed while wet on the die, and with the cavities being filled with a composition of lacquered paste to preserve the shape of the figures. After being attached to the center of the leather cover, they were sometimes gilt and painted. Cameo bindings were a development of the antiquarian interest in classical coins and gems, actual examples of which at first provided the sources of the molds. French examples executed for Henri II and Jean Grolier bore a central medallion stamped with an intaglio cut die. The design was embossed on a gilded and colored background". (Roberts & Etherington, 45)

"Cameo bindings originated in Italy in the sixteenth century and reflected the Renaissance interest in classical antiquities, particularly coins and carved gems. Actual cameos were sometimes inlaid into leather covers, but usually, the cameo was cut into a stamp and pressed in relief into leather or vellum pieces that were then inlaid, sometimes painted or gilded. [...] Notable early cameo bindings include the Apollo and Pegasus bindings of the sixteenth century, bound for Giovanni Battista Grimaldi." (Miller 2014, 441)

Canterbury

"A group of 15th century bindings (of which some ten survive) probably made in the monastery of Canterbury. The main decorative feature of the front panel was a circle, or two interlaced squares, filled with repetitions of a small tool; a feature probably deriving from Italy." ( Glaister, 82)

Carolingian

"The earliest surviving Carolingian bindings are German and French with a few survivals in other European countries. They date from the eighth century and are distinguished by the universal use of sewing supports in conjunction with herringbone sewing. Other features include wooden boards, usually oak and often quarter sawn, the edges cut square or sometimes slightly beveled, with tunnel and channel board preparation to receive the lacing of the ends of sewing supports. The books often have vellum pastedowns. The endbands are sewn in a simple linking style, without a support core, across the head and tail of the spine." (Miller 2014, 442)

Center and Corner binding

“A style consisting of an abstract center piece - either oval, circle, or lozenge shaped - made of one stamp and four corner pieces - large ornaments that sat at the corners of the frame. The designs are always symmetrical both vertically and horizontally and the stamps were often arabesque and intricate. This design is derived from early Islamic and Eastern styles. Roberts and Etherington note that the style was popular in England and on the Continent from 1580 to 1620.” (Roberts & Etherington, 50) 

Chapbook

"A name given to small pamphlets, which dates from at least the fifteenth century. Chapbooks often relied on woodcut images more than words to transmit ideas and are associated with religious and political themes, as well as being a popular format for fairytales, ballads, and moral self-improvement stories intended for children. Chapbooks were sold by chapmen (colporteurs) who carried all sorts of notions in addition to booklets." (Miller 2014, 444)

Diaper

"1. A gold- or blind-tooled decorative pattern, consisting of a motif constantly repeated in geometric form. The pattern may consist of figures such as diamonds, lozenges, or flowers, separated only by background, or by constantly repeating compartments, each filled with designs." (Roberts & Etherington, 76)

"An allover, diamond-shaped pattern, small or large, that forms part of a binding design. Diaper patterns have adorned bindings from the middle of the first millennium." (Miller 2014, 449)

Duodo

"A style of binding that carries an allover design of small, leafy ovals with flowers in the center and, sometimes, a coat of arms in the central oval of the group. It was a style favored by and named for Pietro Duodo, Venetian ambassador to Henry IV of France, who had a number of the bindings made for him by Parisian binders from 1594 to 1597." (Miller 2014, 450)

Fanfare

"An elaborate style of decoration consisting generally of geometrically formed compartments of varying sizes, each bounded by a ribbon consisting of a single fillet on one side and a double fillet on the other, each of which, with the exception of the center compartment (which is larger or otherwise distinguished), being filled with leafy spirals, branches of laurel, and other sprays, floral tools, rare in the last fifty years or so. See and the like. Fanfare was a rich and luxurious style and called for the greatest skill on the part of the bookbinder. It was imitated, with varying degrees of fidelity, throughout Europe from about 1570 until well into the 17th century, although its elements were largely imitative of previous styles of embellishment. Originally, the style was attributed exclusively to Nicholas and Clovis Ève, but it is more likely that a number of Parisian finishers executed many of these binding." (Roberts & Etherington, 96-97)

Girdle book

"A book which has an extra protective covering of soft leather made in such a manner that the book can be hung from the girdle or habit cord of a cleric and swung upward for reading while still attached to the girdle or cord. Doeskin and deerskin were frequently employed for this type of binding, which was used in the middle ages and early Renaissance, especially in Germany. Devotional books or didactic works, or professional reference books, e.g., law books, were most often bound in this manner, and the bindings were almost quite unpretentious. Very elegant bindings, however, were produced in velvet and brocade, to protect illuminated prayer books. Few intact girdle books have survived, as the overlapping leather was usually cut off for reuse when the need for protection had passed. Also called 'utilitarian protective bindings.' " (Roberts & Etherington, 116)

Gothic

"A term to describe the dominant binding style in the West from the thirteenth century until the seventeenth century, and in some countries, even later. Elements of the bindings include: parchment or paper text blocks sewn on raised supports laced over into beveled wooden boards that are often covered in alum-tawed skin and decorated with blind tooling and panel stamping." (Miller 2014, 459)

Greek style

"The style is descended from Coptic binding structure and style, and in turn spread into areas that fell under Byzantine rule. Greek binding incorporated the following elements: notched sections, recessed unsupported-link sewing, flush wooden boards that often had grooved edges, rounded, smooth spines lined with cloth, chevron endbands that continued onto the board shoulders, red or brown goatskin of calf, tongue-style corner turn-ins, blind tooled, braid and pin fastenings, bosses, and decorated edges." (Miller 2014, 459)

Grolier and Grolieresque

"The 16th century bibliophile, Jean Grolier de Servin, vicomte d'aquisy. Although Jean Grolier is regarded correctly as a French bibliophile, the bindings executed for him were essentially Italian in their principles of design. Grolier possessed one of the finest private libraries of his time (and possibly any other time), consisting of some 3,000 volumes contained within bindings of superlative richness and beauty.

Grolier lived in Italy, with only a few interruptions, between 1510 and about 1525, and, while there, became the friend of the celebrated printer, Aldus Manutius. It is said that in appreciation of Grolier's friendship and financial assistance, Aldus printed several copies on vellum or large paper for Grolier, several of which were dedicated to him. / Grolier is believed to have patronized several binders over the years he collected, including Claude de Picques, and the so-called fleur-de-lis and cupid's bow binders.

The books which Grolier acquired in his early years (including many of his Aldine volumes) possess the distinguishing characteristics of Italian binding of the time he lived in Italy. [...] The designs generally consist of a geometrical pattern, occasionally colored, combined with arabesque work, which is solid, azured, or only outlined.” (Roberts & Etherington, 123)

Macabre, funerary motifs

“A somber style of binding made for Henri III decorated with symbols of mortality such as skeletons, skulls, and crossbones. Similar bindings were made for adherents of a society founded by Henri III are called penitential bindings.” (Miller 2014, 469)

Monastic

“Broadly, in terms of early bindings, any of the sturdy plain bindings made in a monastery from the sixth to the twelfth century. The term is also used to refer to some blind-tooled bindings in northern Europe in the fifteenth century.” (Miller 2014, 471)

Mudéjar

"Bindings produced in Spain by Muslim binders who remained there after the Christian re-conquest of the thirteenth century. The bindings have wooden boards or pasteboards, and are covered in Cordovan leather, a non-porous, dense leather with good wearing characteristics made from horse butt. The early bindings are decorated in blind with rope interlacing and a background fill of dots and small tools; later bindings combined blind and gold tooling. A variation on the style, called gótico-mudéjar, was made in northern Spain with a decorative layout based on Gothic binding decorations but executed with mudéjar-style tools." (Miller 2014, 472)

Panel stamped

"A binding decorated with a large panel stamp. The use of panel stamps succeeded the earlier use of smaller, individual stamps that were time consuming to use." (Miller 2014, 476)

Pastiche

"A term used for a binding that is decorated in a style that imitates an earlier style. See retrospective binding. (Miller 2014, 478)

Pointillé

"Another term for a binding decorated with fine dots or dotted stamps. See pinhead binding." (Miller 2014, 479)

Romanesque

"A binding dating from the twelfth or thirteenth century, often bound in brown leather and decorated with metal stamps often engraved with images of beasts. Approximately one hundred of these bindings are known to have survived. They are believed to have been produced by a small number of monasteries in France, England, and Germany." (Miller 2014, 483)

Royal binding

"A binding that carried a sovereign's coat of arms on the cover(s). The presence of such arms does not relate to any link to a royal collection since it was the habit of English bookbinders from at least the sixteenth century and until well into the nineteenth century to use royal arms as decoration." (Miller 2014, 484)

Sacred-monogram

"Another term for a Masonic binding or other devotional binding bearing the abbreviation for the monogram of Jesus in Greek, 'I.H.S.' " (Miller 2014, 485)

Semis

"An heraldic term indicating a form of decoration consisting of a scattered (sown) pattern of diminutive figures—flowers, leaves, sprays, etc., often repeated at regular intervals by means of one, two, or three small tools, resulting in a sort of powdered effect. Sometimes a coat of arms, or other vignette, is added in the center of the cover, or at the corners. There may also be a tooled fillet around the edges of the cover. Early examples of this style date from 1560 on books bound for Charles IX of France." (Roberts & Etherington, 228)

Strapwork

"A binding decorated with a pattern of interlaced double lines, usually in a geometrical design." (Miller 2014, 492)

Tease binding

"The English term of puzzle books in decorated bindings made from the sixteenth century onwards. The puzzle lay in the proper opening of the binding. There are examples of six-fold, rectangular, backless bindings containing six texts accessed by different openings of the text block. The style was also made with round or heart-shaped text blocks. The dos-á-dos bindings were also considered puzzle or tease books. The German term for the style is Vexierbücher, and the French is reliuer à surprise." (Miller 2014, 495)

Trade binding

"The term used for plain bindings, usually unlettered, made with limp vellum, calf, or sheepskin, and bound before being sold retail or wholesale by booksellers from the fifteenth through the eighteenth centuries." (Miller 2014, 496)

Treasure

"Early luxury bindings decorated in precious metals, enamel, ivory, and precious or semi-precious stones. Such bindings were usually created for expensive liturgical manuscripts and were usually the production of the gold- and silversmiths and the jeweler than the bookbinder." (Miller 2014, 496)

[wallpaperpainting]

How To Have A Fantastic Mexican Folk Art With Minimal Spending | Mexican Folk Art

Macario Ramirez, who championed the Chicano account in Houston and whose folk art gallery, Casa Ramirez, has been a decades-long mainstay in the Heights, died Wednesday of a affection condition, his ancestors said.

He was 86.

Ramirez’s abundance — which bills “Folk Art, Acceptable Causes and Cultural Traditions” on the urance aloft its aperture — is a centerpiece of the activating retail arena on 19th Street. Every autumn, it bursts to activity in ceremony of the Mexican ceremony Dia de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead.

Ramirez and his wife, Chrissie, erected altars, or ofrendas, that would draw crowds to their storefront. Some of them acclaimed legends from Selena to Cesar Chavez, and others apparent added claimed devotions to an acquaintance’s afresh ancient admired one. It was advised an account to be arrive to accomplish an chantry at Casa Ramirez, accompany said.

The brace accomplished cles for ociation ociates and acceptance on how to accomplish the altars and the amoroso skulls that go with them.

“To me, if you attending at what the mission of the abundance was, the way that he had it outlined, it was about art, and it was about culture, and it was about acceptable causes,” said Charlotte Aguilar, a longtime friend. “I anticipate that’s the important allotment for him… Really, he was one of the aboriginal bodies to bless the multicultural aspects of Houston and the diversity, and advice bodies accept that was an et.”

He manned the abundance with a twinkle-eyed kindness, according to customers. Added than 400 bodies abounding a Facebook column announcement his afterlife this ceremony with comments of memories and condolences. One

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Mexican folk art vector pattern, colorful design with flowers inspired by traditional art form Mexico – mexican folk art | mexican folk art

vintage Mexican folk art hand tooled embossed leather purse – mexican folk art | mexican folk art

Mexican Folk Art Guitar Wood Print – mexican folk art | mexican folk art

Mexican Folk Art Painted Tin Skull Candle Sconce – Set of 15 – mexican folk art | mexican folk art

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‘Alebrijes Mexican Folk Art’ iPad Case/Skin by CandyJoyce – mexican folk art | mexican folk art

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from Wallpaper Painting https://www.bleumultimedia.com/how-to-have-a-fantastic-mexican-folk-art-with-minimal-spending-mexican-folk-art/

[makeuptips10-blog]

Is Brocade Having a Moment?

New Post has been published on https://www.claritymakeupartistry.com/is-brocade-having-a-moment/

Is Brocade Having a Moment?

When it comes to fabrics, there are a few stars of the show. Denim is a timeless classic. Silk offers an elegant upgrade to any silhouette. Cashmere is a must-have during colder months. Leather obviously warrants a mention. And satin, chenille and wool all deserve their moment in the sun, too.

But brocade? Brocade might just be one of the last textiles that comes to mind.

The fabric is a rich one, usually crafted from thick silk and woven in such a way to make it look embossed. But that hasn’t translated to contemporary clout. The word brocade really just conjures up imagery of the Middle Ages, or maybe the Renaissance.

Where the fabric has found a modern-day home is in draperies and furniture. Brocade hangs from the ceilings in opulent window treatments, covers couches that boast grand silhouettes and adorns the armchairs many seek solace in on Sunday afternoons.

But recent data out of Pinterest suggests that brocade is making something of a sartorial comeback. Users are searching for and saving photos of brocade clothing 37 percent more this year than they were last year. The fabric is sneaking into designer collections, trickling down to our favorite retailers and slowly making its way into our closets.

And we’re not mad about it. The fabric—with all its Middle Age nobility and fancy furniture connotations—promises to infuse our wardrobes with a kind of luxury we’re always in the mood for. Nothing dresses up a pair of jeans like a shiny brocade top—and nothing complements a party dress like a pair of showy brocade booties.

Ahead, we’ve highlighted 27 brocade pieces we’ve added to our wish lists this season. From tops and bottoms to dresses and statement accessories, it’s clear brocade has thoroughly pervaded the style sphere, and we’re just excited for the opportunity to casually elevate our day-to-day looks.

Majorelle Tiffany Blazer Top

A rich fabric in an even richer jewel tone? Yes, please.

Majorelle Tiffany blazer top, $158 at Revolve

Photo: Revolve.

Bienen-Davis Brocade Satin Clutch

So pretty we can’t help but stare.

Bienen-Davis brocade satin clutch, $3,196 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Les Chaussons de la Belle Brocade Bow Booties

Talk about a statement shoe.

Les Chaussons de la Belle brocade bow booties, $1,090 at Farfetch

Photo: Farfetch.

Peter Pilotto A-Line Floral Brocade Miniskirt

Proof a fancy fabric can be rendered in distinctly modern way.

Peter Pilotto A-line floral brocade miniskirt, $952 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Prada Floral Brocade Top

The most luxurious little crop top you ever did see.

Prada floral brocade top, $637 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Dolce & Gabbana Pochette Envelope Clutch

A clutch that’ll demand as much attention as the dress you pair it with.

Dolce & Gabbana Pochette envelope clutch, $1,849 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Biyan Floral Brocade Dress

The brocade equivalent of the T-shirt dress.

Biyan floral brocade dress, $1,570 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Majorelle Deana Pant

The easiest way to take a look from glam to glammer.

Majorelle Deana pant, $158 at Revolve

Photo: Revolve.

Noir Kei Ninomiya Floral Brocade Blouse

The texture on this one makes for a seriously dynamic addition to any closet.

Noir Kei Ninomiya floral brocade blouse, $965 at Farfetch

Photo: Farfetch.

Romance Was Born Harlequin Brocade Skirt

Two brocades are better than one.

Romance Was Born harlequin brocade skirt, $428 at Farfetch

Photo: Farfetch.

La DoubleJ Bouncy Lilium Verde Coat

A coat that doubles as a dress—win/win.

La DoubleJ Bouncy Lilium Verde coat, $1,739 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Gucci Dionysus Embellished Shoulder Bag

So stunning it honestly belongs in a museum.

Gucci Dionysus embellished shoulder bag, $5,050 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Stella McCartney Floral Brocade Cropped Trousers

Currently available for 70 percent off. (Just saying.)

Stella McCartney floral brocade cropped trousers, $248 (was $828) at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Gucci Floral Brocade Tunic Top

The perfect look for the holidays—or, you know, any other day you feel like wearing a super-luxe gold brocade tunic.

Gucci floral brocade tunic top, $1,600 at Farfetch

Photo: Farfetch.

Bienen-Davis 4 A.M. Floral Brocade Clutch

Pretty shiny things are our kryptonite.

Bienen Davis 4 A.M. floral brocade clutch, $1,376 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Dries Van Noten Chunky Heel Brocade Booties

Dries Van Noten can do no wrong, and these brocade booties are no exception.

Dries Van Noten chunky heel brocade booties, $715 at Neiman Marcus

Photo: Neiman Marcus.

Prada Floral Brocade Dress

Pretty in pink. Pretty in Prada. Stunning in brocade.

Prada floral brocade dress, $1,159 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Privacy Please Rowan Top

This brocade top would look just as great dressed up as it would dressed down.

Privacy Please Rowan top, $128 at Revolve

Photo: Revolve.

Paloma Spain Flared Trousers

We can’t resist a statement trouser. We just can’t.

Palomo Spain flared trousers, $502 at Farfetch

Photo: Farfetch.

House of Harlow 1960 x Revolve Stina Jacket

The ultimate power suit.

House of Harlow 1960 x Revolve Stina jacket, $248 at Revolve

Photo: Revolve.

Gucci Floral Brocade Trousers

Statement pants that transcend seasonality.

Gucci floral brocade trousers, $1,600 at Farfetch

Photo: Farfetch.

Rochas Gerbera Floral-Brocade Midi Dress

This dress is sure to make its wearer feel like a doll.

Rochas Gerbera floral-brocade midi dress, $2,027 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

Rupert Sanderson Malory Floral Brocade Pumps

In case you prefer a pop of brocade to an all-brocade ensemble.

Rupert Sanderson Malory floral brocade pumps, $813 at Matches Fashion

Photo: Matches Fashion.

William Vintage Leonard Brocade Dress

Paisley meets brocade meets-metallic. Sounds so wrong but looks so right.

William Vintage Leonard brocade dress, $2,268 at Farfetch

Photo: Farfetch.

MSGM Floral Brocade Jacket

It’s official—cozying up in brocade is totally a thing.

MSGM floral brocade jacket, $414 at Farfetch

Photo: Farfetch.

For Love and Lemons Brocade Floral Pants

Pair with a tank in the summer and a sweater in the winter, and you’ll be set all year long.

For Love and Lemons brocade floral pants, $189 at Revolve

Photo: Revolve.

Calvin Klein Brocade Smock Dress

A seriously textured take on the smock dress.

Calvin Klein brocade smock dress, $1,887 at Farfetch

Photo: Farfetch.

Next slideshow starts in 10s

The Best Tools For Every Kind of Eyebrow Situation

Source: https://stylecaster.com/brocade/

[aleishaeasterbro-blog]

2002 Wedding celebration Sign up. (R.

This's 3 months just before Xmas and also if you desire to avoid residence throughout this holiday season, it's time to make plans to make certain a hassle-free Christmas time vacation! Elephant Ear Vegetation Fallen leave Embossing Pattern - This garden profession sand spreading utilized a single huge leaf coming from an Elephant Ear plant. Gerbera sissies look much like their white colored cousins in type, however they can be found in a lot of intense and also dazzling colors. Along with the right tools, this does not take much effort, as well as being actually routine about the duty reduces pots, and maintains you in vogue of the numerous minutes in your landscape. Adhere to these recommendations every time you use your pruning shears as well as you'll possess a garden resource that's tidy and also risk-free for your garden! If you possess poultries, in-situ composting urges all of them to hound in the landscape itself turning the mulch over, as well as incorporating fertiliser (chook-poo) directly to the ground. Almost any landscape may be adorned with this stunning, easily recognizable floral. For that reason, it is vital to give suitable form to vegetations and also sculptures to enhance the appearance and functionality of a yard and also incorporate value to the residential property. They could be purchased at any kind of shop along with a backyard supply region, or through going shopping online. Put a vegetable or even cottage garden in to one place, a much more official yard into an additional. There are many methods which you may cleanse your woollen rug without severe chemicals in the home. Once the landscape season has actually ended, our team are actually having the operating ideologies and also willpowers set in motion in our Dog section as well as are starting to deploy these methods in our Garden segment. There are actually other ready-to-grow or just-add-soil farmers accessible, depending on exactly what you want to grow as well as just how much room the landscape is occupying. There prepare to expand tomato vegetations in addition to white potatos and also other veggies and fruits. Obtain a tooth brush and using the furniture cleaning dish, dip the tooth brush in the water and also carefully clean in between the cracks and also openings to remove dirt and/or mold as well as mold. Specifically with all the snowfall on the ground your beautiful yard makes me imagine warmer weather. That's the well-known Cape Hatteras Lighting on a garden stake, with a yellowish rewriter connected. For a much more climbed toned backyard our company have the options 'Albert Schweitzer' and 'Dreamland'. Good selections consist of August Moon,' Blue Angel,' ,' and also Halcyon.' http://20health-sport17.info/avocado-psorilax-ervaringen-voor-gladde-romige-huidlaag-evenals-lichte-haren Seek these at your landscape center or even baby room. My family members and also I are growing our garden from a few containers of tomatoes and peppers, to a sizable garden from eco-friendly grains, greens, cabbage, cauliflower, tomatoes, squash, jalapenos, carrots, white potatos, watermelon, strawberries, and also extra! I knew that there was a walled yard. on the island from Anglesey, however I understood little bit of about this. Then someday my child, which stays in Anglesey, whom we were actually exploring, recommended that our company stroll to the Hidden Yard. When this involves handling flowers, I advise these pair from leather-made yard handwear covers for your soared care. The white colored blood loss heart persistent has heart-shaped flowers that line the stem and the white balloon flower looks as if that can fly in to the clouds.

[marklipinski]

ARTspiration

Artists or art that turns me on and feeds my soul.  This piece is called Girl With Pigtails by Sir Samuel Henry William Llewellyn,  who was an English painter of the late 19th and early 20th Centuries

YOKE DU YOUR

Two elephants walk in the wilderness and spot a guy peeing at the bushes. One elephant nudges the other, “Man, I wonder how he ever manages to eat anything with that thing!”

DESIGNspiration

Look around you. Design is everywhere! Keep your eyes open. How can you incorporate the beauty that surrounds you into your art or craft?




IDEA I LOVE

I love the look of these ric rac flowers.  They look pretty easy to make.  Check it out here: http://todayscreativelife.com/how-to-make-ric-rac-flowers/

IDEA I LOVE

What kid wouldn’t love this cozy pillow bed? I’m trying to figure out the proportions for making an adult sized version.   Click on the like to find out how to make your own for your munchkins:  http://dabblesandbabbles.com/how-to-make-a-cozy-pillow-bed/

  YUMMY DISH!

CLASSIC MARINARA SAUCE

(No Sugar like the jar versions)

Ingredients

San Marzano tomatoes

extra-virgin olive oil

garlic cloves

dried whole chile, or crushed red pepper flakes

kosher salt

fresh basil

FOR THE FULL RECIPE, CLICK HERE  http://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/1015987-classic-marinara-sauce?action=click&module=Collection+Page+Recipe+Card®ion=No-Sugar+Added&pgType=collection&rank=1

  IDEA I LOVE

  I’m a hoochie for little boxes, any kind of little boxes.  Needless to say, I was thrilled to find this cool tutorial for making embossed boxes from soda cans.  Let’s face it, it’s totally worth diabetes and morbid obesity just to get enough stash to create these little suckers.  Click on the link for the tutorial for making your own:

Click on the link for the tutorial for making your own: http://hackaday.com/2011/01/21/making-boxes-from-soda-cans/

BREATHLESS INSPIRATION 

Handmade marbles . . .

Aren’t these amazing?  You can buy your own handmade marbles and see more examples by clicking this link:  http://www.route66glassworks.com/Gallery.html

SO DRINK, CHUG-A-LUG CHUG-A-LUG

CHOCOLATE WHITE RUSSIAN 

Ingredients

Vodka

Kahlua

Heavy Cream

Chocolate Syrup

Ice

FOR THE FULL RECIPE, CLICK HERE  http://basilandbubbly.com/chocolate-white-russian/

IDEA I LOVE

Aren’t these sprocket pillows cute?  They’re not hard to make and are totally the right project to start with if you’re ever considering a Dresden Plate quilt block and fabric covered buttons are one of my all-time favorite idiot-proof things to make.  Heres’s the tutorial for making these fun pillows yourself: http://cluckclucksew.com/2011/03/tutorial-sprocket-pillows.html

WORDS TO LIVE BY

   IDEA I LOVE, CROCHETspiration

Grab your crochet hook and a pair of rubber flip-flops and, oh baby, you will have boots to die for. Make them even better by weaving ribbons into your crochet, embellish, hand-dye, etc.  If you have strong arches, these could be quite comfortable.  If you have feet as flat as Donald Duck, well, you’re screwed.    Here’s the tutorial on how to make a pair of your own boots:  http://makeanddocrew.com/crochet-boots-flip-flops-pattern-video/

MAN CAN LIVE BY BREAD ALONE!

MARK BITMAN’S NO-KNEAD BREAD

  Ingredients:

bread flour

instant yeast

salt

 Cornmeal or wheat bran 

  For the full recipe CLICK HERE:  http://cooking.nytimes.com/recipes/11376-no-knead-bread?action=click&module=Collection+Page+Recipe+Card®ion=No-Sugar+Added&pgType=collection&rank=6

MEMBA?

  And now a word  . . .

Now that the weather is cool, I’m heading back upstairs to continue clearing out my studio.  Get first dibs on all of my eBay listings when you follow the  Pickle Road Stash Busting page on Facebook!  Here’s the link: https://www.facebook.com/groups/PickleRoadStashBusting/

win WIN win

Check back here soon.  I’ll be a part of a blog hop and you can win the book I LOVE PRECUT QUILTS!

  SALE SALE SALE 

$5.00

Over 40% OFF the regular price of my digital Palm Beauty pattern

Today and Tomorrow only (January 28 &29 2017)

Order your Palm Beauty pattern here:  http://www.marklipinski.com/shop-2/

AND

COOKIES!

TWIX COOKIES

Ingredients

butter

powdered sugar

flour

vanilla

salt

caramel

milk chocolate chips

shortening

FOR THE FULL RECIPE, CLICK HERE  http://www.thisgrandmaisfun.com/twix-cookies-3/

LOL

JUST BECAUSE I SWOON 

 Documented 1971 Valentino Couture Italian Vogue Audrey Hepburn Gown Dress

DESIGNER: Valentino Couture, published in the 1971 Italian Vogue, in a different print, on model Isa Stoppi. The same blue version of this dress was worn by Audrey Hepburn in Italian Vogue 1971. The white long sleeve version of this dress, also seen in the photo with Isa Stoppi, was shown in the exhibit Valentino Retrospective.  $42,999

You might disagree, but although this dress costs a mint, it reminds me of something that Eunice might wear.

IDEA I LOVE!  

I think painting on fabric is an amazing talent.  It’s an amazing way to create your own fabric. Can’t draw?  So what?  There are so many cheating tools you can use – lightboxes, computer printouts, embroidery transfer papers…  Why not try it. It won’t break the bank, and you might just learn to love it.  Click on the link for more information on how to rock your fabric:  http://uniqart.blogspot.com/2015/02/tutorial-painting-on-fabric-with.html

    BE DAZZLED!

  This is a vintage piece of costume jewelry from 1948. It is marked, Coro with Pegasus and designed by Adolph Katz. It is in excellent condition.  $475 ‘

Here’s how you can own this piece: http://www.trifari.com/pages/cor1377.html

PATCHWORK, BABY!  QUILTspiration!

Call me sentimental, but I love cheddar in a quilt.  Make this easy traditional Album Patch quilt from McCall’s Quilting. Now, cupcakes, think out of the box.  This pattern can look totally contemporary with just a change of fabric colors.  Click-o on the link-o to get the pattern: http://www.mccallsquilting.com/content_downloads/Album_Patch_WEB_BONUS.pdf

SHOEspiration

  So what do you think of these Clear Floral Oxfords by Kunihiko Morinaga?  These are from the 2012 collection and made from leather, plastic, and embroidery!

IDEA I LOVE! 

What a great idea for upcycling your Altoids tin.  Make a pocket-sized watercolor box.  Listen, I know you’ve always to create an art journal on the run. Now’s your chance to honor your creativity or try something completely new.  Click on the link for a tutorial on how to make your own version of you watercolor box:

http://www.instructables.com/id/Altoids-Tin-Pocket-Sized-Watercolor-Box/?ALLSTEPS

  IDEA I LOVE!  KNITspiration!

These are the absolute cutest knitted pigs I’ve ever seen. I wish I could knit better; I’d try to tackle this. Instead, I’m going to have to sell my soul for one.  Not only that, I’m guessing the knitting shops still don’t have pink yarn in stock after the run for the Women’s March hats (well, unless you’re in Franklin, Tennessee  http://huff.to/2jzY8fT).

Here’s the pattern:  http://blueskyfibers.com/wp-content/uploads/2011/04/Oink1.pdf

GARDENspiration

Yummy! Make a freshwater terrarium. It can’t be any easier.  Here’s how to put one together for your home or office.  Look, if this works out, say goodbye to the bathtub.

Here’s the tutorial:  http://artseachic.blogspot.com/2013/07/diy-freshwater-terrarium.html

MUST HAVE

They say (whomeverthehelltheyare) that our phones are the filthiest and grimiest possessions we possess. No more, babycakes.  I want to zap my smartphone with this sanitizer.  Get one for you:

http://www.uncommongoods.com/product/phonesoap-smartphone-sanitizer

IDEA I LOVE!

A simple embroidery stitch can help you create the dopest border on napkins, collars, and almost anything (why not stitch on paper for homemade Valentine’s Day cards?).  To learn the technique, click on the link:

http://www.designsponge.com/2014/02/diy-project-chain-of-heart-napkins.html

TIP I LOVE

Isn’t this a great tip?  Organize your seam ripper, marking pencils, and snips by using a suction cup soap holder!  Take a look:

http://sewmanyways.blogspot.ca/2014/01/organizing-ideas-for-suction-cup-soap.html

EMBROIDERYspiration! 

LOVE this teeny tiny embroidery. What is better there is a tutorial for how to embroider your own version. What a terrific little embellishment for you bib overalls, mittens, jeans, or wherever you need a little life.  Start your project by clicking the link:

http://randomactsofamy.com/2016/09/09/tiny-embroidery-tutorial/

DESSERT!

BEST EVER JAPANESE COTTON CHEESECAKE

INGREDIENTS

Full cream milk or Low-fat milk Butter Cheese cream Plain flour Corn flour Egg yolks Vanilla flavor Egg whites Cream of tartar Sugar

 FOR THE FULL RECIPE, CLICK HERE  http://amirahwaznahku.blogspot.de/2014/06/best-ever-japanese-cotton-cheesecake.html

IDEA I LOVE

Dollar Store here I come.  Grab several colorful bags of garden glass and glue them to a window.  Glorious.   It’s so darn simple, but if I were you, I would campaign for the death penalty for anyone breaking a stained glass window before you make yours.  Start here:

http://www.hometalk.com/26593919/easy-stained-glass-window

 … and VALENTINEpiration IS HERE

These are designed to be fabric heart coasters.  I love them but I’d be afraid that the seams might tip my full glass of Old Turkey onto my rug, leaving me no option than to suck the juice from the carpet (like it hasn’t been done before).  You could add a little ribbon to the top so they can be used as doorknob decor.  I’d also love to see some embroidery accenting the fabric used for the hearts.   Here’s how you make these pretty Valentine coasters: http://www.thirtyhandmadedays.com/fabric-heart-coasters/

IF YOU LIKE THIS BLOG

If you’re liking this blog Please tell your friends about it! I’d really appreciate it!  

Just cut and paste this into an email or post on your Facebook and Twitter pages:  

I LOVE this blog and think you will, too! Check it out:  https://marklipinskisblog.wordpress.com

  Please Leave a Comment Below

Create Ric Rac Roses! Sew a Cozy Pillow Bed! DIY Embossed Metal Boxes! Learn to Make Sprocket Pillows! Crochet Sweater Boots! Paint Fabric using Inktense! Piece an Album Patch Quilt! Craft a Portable Watercolor Box! Knit a Flying Pig! Plant a Freshwater Terrarium! Embroider a set of Chain of Hearts Napkins! Create Stunning Stained Glass Windows! Sew Heart-Themed Coasters! Mini Embroidery Project! Make a Soda Can Rose! A Sewing Machine Tip! How to Spin Yarn! Sewing Ric Rac! PLUS . . . Recipes, Videos, Inspiration, Creativity, Ideas, and More ARTspiration Artists or art that turns me on and feeds my soul.  This piece is called 

[ana-yanka]

Decorative Leather Techniques

http://jacksparrowcostuming.net/images/sccabards1.pdf

“Leather Decoration an Overview: Decorative Techniques Used

The decorative motifs in medieval leatherwork often seem to echo designs in other media, including stone sculpture and illuminated manuscripts. (Cowgill 40 – 41) The concept of horror vacui is prevalent – the idea that designs be adapted to fill the visible space. (Cowgill 42) This is seen from scabbards to shoes, from belts to boxes. Symmetry and balance are also important design elements. In some cases, the imagery on leather items is very similar to that on woodcuts, with rather flat designs and cross-hatching to delineate background from foreground. Other designs incorporate fairly high relief to create more realism. Color is used to enhance these effects. Abstract designs of floral work and interlace are also very common. The workmanship on medieval leather items ranges from fairly simple and crude to incredibly ornate and skillful.

Based upon images in medieval manuscripts and paintings, many leather items like shoes and accessories were brightly colored. Leather dye soaks into the item to provide all over coloring. A variety of dyes for leather were recorded in The Plictho, a 1548 Italian dye manual by Gioanventura Rosetti. Ways to color leather red, blue, green, yellow, and black were included. (Rosetti 65 - 83; 159 - 180) [...]

Examples of dyes used on vegetable tanned leather are even rarer. There is one simple method to dye vegetable tanned leather black that has been used for a very long time, however. It uses a chemical reaction between the tannins in the leather and iron oxide. This reaction is the basis for oak gall ink, recorded in On Divers Arts by Theophilus in the 12th century (Theophilus 42 - 43). Vegetable tanned leather exposed to rusty water (or a combination of iron and vinegar) will quickly turn black. This is now being used as a spot testto check the tannage of unknown pieces of leather found on archaeological sites. (van-Driel Murray, 2000 316) This reaction also occurs when leather is in contact with iron-rich soil. This can significantly change the color of leather items after burial, making it hard to determine the original color and decoration.

Leather items were also brightly painted, although little paint survives in archaeological contexts. There are several extant European examples of cases painted in a variety of colors, including red, white, and yellow in the German Leather Museum. (Figures 1 – 7) Many of these have a black background, which could either be black paint, or the black iron oxide dye. Traces of cinnabar (vermillion) paint have been found on a girdle from Anglo- Saxon York, (Mould et. al. 3393) as well as on two scabbards from medieval London. (Cowgill 40) In his treatise Il Libro dell'Arte (The Craftsman's Handbook), Cennino Cennini mentions that leather should be coated with gesso before being painted. (108) Oil paints and egg tempera paint will work on leather, but the included examples are probably oil based paint.

The application of gold leaf was used on expensive leather items, particularly book bindings, religious cases, and showpieces like parade shields. This was a very specialized process, since it involved stamping the leather two times with each stamp – once to form the impression and then again to apply the gold. (Waterer, 1968 38; Gall, 1967 28) The stamps had convex decorations, which when pressed on the leather made sunken designs to hold the gold and keep it from getting worn off. They were usually heated, which helped the design stay crisp, since books were often covered in alum tawed leather, which doesnt take stamping very well. (Salaman 1) To apply the gold, the leather was covered with a base coat (usually red paint), followed by a coating of glair (egg white, vinegar, and water) – a process very similar to how gold was applied to illuminations. (Salaman 8; Gall, 1967 28) (Figure 7) [...]

Vegetable tanned leather can be molded into fairly complex shapes, depending on the heat of the water used to dampen it. Cuir bouilli (boiled leather) is a technique used to make very hard leather items like armor and drinking vessels. The water should not be boiling; the best temperature is between 140 and 180°F, based upon personal experience and other re-creationist experiments. Once soaked in the hot water, the leather becomes very elastic and stretchy, and can be formed into curves and shapes. Once it cools, it can still be molded, but not to a great extent. After such heating, the leather is more compact and significantly harder. Leather items can also be dried in an oven on low temperature (approximately 150°F or so) until all the water is evaporated. Such items need a last (mold form) inside to keep the leather from flattening while drying. [...] Items hardened in this way can also be decorated with paints, dyes, and stamping, although stamping must be done after the initial soaking and stretching, but before the final drying for the design to remain clear on the leather. (Figure 12)

Stamping (called engraving or punching in some sources) is probably the most common method of decorating vegetable tanned leather. It depresses areas of the leather, creating designs. The leather is dampened, and then a metal or wooden stamp is pressed into the leather, usually by hitting it with a mallet. Brass or clean (not rusted) iron is used for such tools to prevent dark marks on the leather.

Stamping is easily recognized on items with repeating single motifs, especially on book bindings and scabbards. Many of the stamps were quite simple designs like fleur-de-lis, cinquefoils, and latticework, but more complex designs have also been found. (Figures 13) [...] In contrast to single motif stamps that create a specific image, some designs were created by using a stamp to fill in the background, creating a picture in the negative space. Such designs are contrasted with single motif images because multiple copies of the same subject arent identical. (Cowgill 43; Egan and Pritchard 46) (Figure 3, 4, 6, 14) Backgrounds of round pimpling (Figure 14) were very common.

[...] Designs can also be pressed into the leather using flat and pointed tools that are not hit with a mallet. This technique is called modeling (or engraving in some sources), and can be used to create rounded shapes and figures, and free-form floral designs. These specialized tools can be used much like pencils, with harder pressure making deeper designs. [...]

In contrast to stamping and modeling, embossing pushes the leather up from the underside to make the designs. These appear as low relief raised decoration. Embossed areas often include a leather plug that supports the raised up portions of the design from behind. Most embossed leather items are made from wood and covered with leather, such as box lids or shield covers. This makes it difficult to tell if the design was made from the back (embossing) or from the front (modeling) – in fact, some authors do not distinguish between the two forms. (Cowgill 42) (Figures 1, 4, 5) [...]

Many of these techniques were combined into large scale items, usually boxes and cases covered in leather. (Figures 1 – 7) The German Leather Museum has several cases that appear to combine incising, stamping, and modeling-embossed areas, many of which are brightly painted. Several crown and coronet cases, as well as cases to hold relics and other religious items, are still preserved in museums – often with the original contents. These cases contain a variety of design styles. Many have an all over design of scrollwork, while others display mythological and religious scenes, such as interpretations of Saint George and the Dragon. (Figure 5) Heraldic displays often accompany crown cases, presumably the arms of the royalty.

Comparison to Modern Re-creationist Leatherwork

Modern re-creationists recognize the necessity of leather for items like shoes, belts, and pouches. Items covered in leather, such as boxes, chests, and carrying cases, seem rarer, however. These items appear to have been very common in medieval Europe, but usually arent seen at modern re-creationist events. Many garments would also have been made or trimmed in leather, but are not commonly used by re-creationists.

[...] Most items are not decorated correctly, however. Some re-creationists assume there was no decoration or color at all, based upon utilitarian items found at excavation sites. This is because the leather from these sites comes out of the ground a uniform brown/black color, and most items do not show any original coloration at all. [...]

At the opposite extreme, floral scroll work is common to both modern and medieval leatherwork, but is rarely used for decoration by the re-creationist. The Western Floral and Sheridan type of work is very similar to the scrollwork on many of the cases and boxes, with flowing Acanthus leaves and open circles for specialized decoration. But this type of design is not often pursued by the modern re-creationist. Compare Figure 15 to Figure 18 to see the similarities and differences in the floral work. 

In addition to these examples of period designs and how they are used (or not used) by the modern re- creationist, the way space is filled in can be very different between the modern and extant examples. Many modern examples often contain just one design element, with lots of open space. As can be seen on the extant examples, this was not usually the case for medieval leather items. Virtually all of the items from the German Leather Museum appear to have all visible surfaces covered with designs, some of which do not seem to fit with the main design. This includes small vignette scenes on the sides of boxes, as well as corner decorations that complement the central image. All over designs, and those with all over backgrounds, appear to be almost completely absent in modern re-creationist leatherwork. [...]

The use of color has changed significantly as well. The variety of colors on the German museum pieces is amazing. With the greater range of colors in acrylic paint available to the modern re-creationist, the pure heraldic hues would be easy to reproduce. Most modern leather items are only dyed or very simply painted, though. Painting an entire piece is usually not done, and modern leather dye doesn’t create the same effect seen on the painted originals. Modern leatherworkers will use stains and antiquing techniques to highlight the grain structure, letting the leather show through. The re-creationist leatherworker seems to follow this practice, which appears to be a modern aesthetic rather than a medieval one, based upon the highly painted examples.

Summary 

[...] And the tools of a modern leatherworker may be of zinc covered steel instead of brass or wood, but many of the stamp designs available now would not be out of place in a medieval workshop. 

[...] Modern, rather than medieval, ideas and uses of decorative techniques seem to dominate in re-creationist leatherwork. While these obviously appeal to the modern person, they are not the same as what a medieval European would appreciate in leatherwork. Items decorated in such a way would probably seem very strange and out of place, based upon the extant examples - just as some of those examples seem garish and not what was expected to the modern re-creationist. This difference in appeal is at the heart of the aesthetic difference and makes recreating accurate items difficult.

The reasons for the aesthetic difference between modern and medieval leatherwork can be hard to pin down.