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Web Design Easy Software: Discover the Best Easy-to-Use Tools

Creating a professional website can be a daunting task, especially for those without extensive coding knowledge. However, with the right web design easy software, individuals and businesses can now build stunning websites without needing to be tech experts. The demand for intuitive web design tools has grown significantly, as users seek to create online presence quickly and efficiently. The right…

#Best drag-and-drop website builders #Easy-to-use website builders #User-friendly web design tools #Web design software comparison

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slyacademy · 5 months ago

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Exploring a Diverse World of Concepts: From Language to Science, Technology, and Beyond

The world is filled with fascinating concepts spanning multiple disciplines — from language and literature to science, technology, politics, and economics. Whether you’re a lifelong learner, a student, or simply curious about the many facets of our world, these in-depth guides provide clear explanations and insights. Below, we’ve organized a collection of resources that break down key ideas into digestible pieces, each designed to enhance your understanding of complex topics.

Language, Communication, and Literature

Language is the foundation of human connection. Understanding its components not only improves communication but also deepens our appreciation of literature and rhetoric.

Vocabulary: Expand your linguistic prowess with two distinct resources: What is Vocabulary 2 and What is Vocabulary.

Tense and Speech: Discover the nuances of language through What is Tense and explore verbal expression in What is Speech.

Rhetoric and Symbolism: Learn the art of persuasive language in What is Rhetoric and uncover deeper meanings in literature with What is Symbolism.

Theme: Understand how central ideas are woven throughout literary works in What is Theme.

RSVP: Although primarily known for event etiquette, knowing What is RSVP also reflects the importance of clear communication in social planning.

Science and Technology

Scientific inquiry and technological innovation have transformed our understanding of the natural and digital worlds. These resources explain fundamental principles in clear, accessible language.

Wireless and the Web: Delve into modern communication with What is Wireless Application Protocol and explore the digital realm in What is World Wide Web.

Physical Properties and Phenomena:

What is Viscosity explains the resistance of fluids to flow, while What is Surface Tension reveals the forces acting on liquid surfaces.

Learn about movement and resistance in What is Terminal Velocity and What is Strain.

What is Specific Gravity provides insights into density comparisons, and What is Resistivity dives into material resistance in physics.

Dynamic Effects and Measurements: Explore optical phenomena with What is Tyndall Effect and understand orientation in space with What is Vertical.

Measure rotational speed with What is RPM, gauge pressure in What is PSI, and learn about precision in What is Sigma.

Protocols, Programs, and Digital Communication: Find out how systems communicate in What is Protocol and explore the fundamentals of software and coding in What is Program.

Science in Nature and the Environment

Nature offers a plethora of systems and interactions that scientists continue to explore. These guides break down natural phenomena and biological processes:

Natural World and Biology: Understand the ecosystems around you in What is Natural Vegetation.

Discover how organisms are classified in What is Taxonomy and how mutually beneficial relationships work in What is Symbiosis.

Agricultural and Ecological Practices: Learn about traditional farming techniques in What is Shifting Cultivation.

Chemistry and Material Science

At the intersection of physics and chemistry lie key concepts that explain matter at its most fundamental level:

Chemical Bonds and Reactions: Dive into the intricacies of molecular structures with What is Catenation and learn about combining elements in What is Synthesis.

Material Behavior: Explore how materials deform and respond to forces in What is Strain and What is Specific Gravity.

Politics, Law, and Social Issues

Understanding political and legal concepts is essential in today’s rapidly changing world. These guides offer perspectives on government, social debates, and civic principles:

Government and Legal Frameworks:

What is SCOTUS provides insights into the U.S. Supreme Court and its role in shaping law.

Delve into social and political debates in What is Pro-Life.

Historical and Social Movements: Examine transformative change with What is Revolution and understand the role of persuasion in public discourse through What is Propaganda.

Resource Management and Economics:

Grasp the concept of limited resources in What is Scarcity and explore the broader idea of resources in What is Resource.

Miscellaneous Concepts and Modern Terminology

From modern slang to specialized abbreviations, these topics cover a wide range of everyday and academic subjects:

Everyday Acronyms and Abbreviations:

What is SMH explains a common internet expression, while What is SME offers insights into small and medium enterprises or subject matter expertise.

What is SSC might refer to various educational or certification contexts depending on usage.

Mathematics and Sets: Mathematics underpins much of our logical reasoning. Explore basic mathematical concepts in What is Set.

Reports and Communication Tools: Understand how data and information are structured in What is Report.

Miscellaneous Concepts: Learn about everyday and scientific concepts, from What is SMH to What is PSI, ensuring you’re well-versed in both modern jargon and precise measurements.

Conclusion

This curated collection of guides offers a window into an array of disciplines, making complex subjects accessible and engaging. Whether you’re looking to deepen your understanding of language, explore the physical properties of matter, or navigate political and social debates, these resources provide clear explanations and thoughtful analysis. As you explore each topic — from What is Vocabulary to What is Program — you’ll not only expand your knowledge but also gain a greater appreciation for the interconnected nature of our world.

Happy learning, and may your journey through these diverse concepts spark curiosity and inspire growth!

#physics #tutorial #biology #education #math #science #technology #learning #life

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xneontragedyx · 1 year ago

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An official website of the United States government

Here’s how you know

Notice

The Public Right-of-Way Accessibility Guidelines (PROWAG) rulemaking has concluded. The PROWAG final rule has been published in the Federal Register. Please visit the Access Board’s PROWAG page for the guidelines.

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U.S. Access Board

Advancing Full Access and Inclusion for All

Information and Communication Technology

Revised 508 Standards and 255 Guidelines

PDF

About the ICT Accessibility 508 Standards and 255 Guidelines

These standards address access to information and communication technology (ICT) under Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act and Section 255 of the Communications Act.

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act charges the Access Board with developing and promulgating this rule. The statute also charges the Access Board with providing Technical Assistance on Section 508, which is provided through webinars, trainings, and in close collaboration with GSA and materials available from Section508.gov.

Section 508 requires access to ICT developed, procured, maintained, or used by federal agencies. Examples include computers, telecommunications equipment, multifunction office machines such as copiers that also operate as printers, software, websites, information kiosks and transaction machines, and electronic documents. The Section 508 Standards, which are part of the Federal Acquisition Regulation, ensure access for people with physical, sensory, or cognitive disabilities.

The Section 255 Guidelines cover telecommunications equipment and customer-premises equipment — such as telephones, cell phones, routers, set-top boxes, and computers with modems, interconnected Voice over Internet Protocol products, and software integral to the operation of telecommunications function of such equipment.

Background

February 3, 1998 – The Board publishes the original Telecommunications Act Accessibility Guidelines.

December 21, 2000 – The Board issues the original Section 508 Standards.

July 6, 2006 – The Board organizes TEITAC, the Telecommunications and Electronic and Information Technology Advisory Committee, to assist in updating the Section 508 Standards and Telecommunications Act Guidelines.

April 3, 2008 – The Advisory Committee presents its final report to the Board.

March 22, 2010 – The Board releases a draft proposed rule for public comment, docket ATBCB-2010-0001.

December 8, 2011 – The Board issues a revised draft proposed rule for public comment, docket ATBCB-2011-0007.

February 27, 2015 – The Board ICT proposed rule for public comment, docket ATBCB-2015-0002.

January 18, 2017 – The Board issues the final rule, docket ATBCB-2015-0002-014.

January 22, 2018 – The Board issues correction to the final rule to restore provisions for TTY access, docket document ATBCB-2015-0002-0146.

Additional Resources

Section508.gov — GSA’s Government-wide IT Accessibility Program

Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act (29 U.S.C. §794d)

Final Regulatory Impact Analysis (FRIA)

Comparison Table of WCAG 2.0 to Original 508 Standards

Mapping of WCAG 2.0 to Functional Performance Criteria

ICT Testing Baseline for Web Accessibility

Appendix A to Part 1194 – Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act: Application and Scoping Requirements

508 Chapter 1: Application and Administration

E101 General

E101.1 Purpose

These Revised 508 Standards, which consist of 508 Chapters 1 and 2 (Appendix A), along with Chapters 3 through 7 (Appendix C), contain scoping and technical requirements for information and communication technology (ICT) to ensure accessibility and usability by individuals with disabilities. Compliance with these standards is mandatory for Federal agencies subject to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. 794d).

E101.2 Equivalent Facilitation

The use of an alternative design or technology that results in substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability by individuals with disabilities than would be provided by conformance to one or more of the requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 of the Revised 508 Standards is permitted. The functional performance criteria in Chapter 3 shall be used to determine whether substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability is provided to individuals with disabilities.

E101.3 Conventional Industry Tolerances

Dimensions are subject to conventional industry tolerances except where dimensions are stated as a range with specific minimum or maximum end points.

E101.4 Units of Measurement

Measurements are stated in metric and U.S. customary units. The values stated in each system (metric and U.S. customary units) may not be exact equivalents, and each system shall be used independently of the other.

E102 Referenced Standards

E102.1 Application

The specific editions of the standards listed in Chapter 7 are incorporated by reference into 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements) and Chapters 3 through 6 to the prescribed extent of each such reference. Where conflicts occur between the Revised 508 Standards and the referenced standards, these Revised 508 Standards apply.

E103 Definitions

E103.1 Terms Defined in Referenced Standards

Terms defined in referenced standards and not defined in E103.4 shall have the meaning as defined in the referenced standards.

E103.2 Undefined Terms

Any term not defined in E103.4 or in referenced standards shall be given its ordinarily accepted meaning in the sense that the context implies.

E103.3 Interchangeability

Words, terms, and phrases used in the singular include the plural and those used in the plural include the singular.

E103.4 Defined Terms

For the purpose of the Revised 508 Standards, the terms defined in E103.4 have the indicated meaning.

Agency

Any agency or department of the United States as defined in 44 U.S.C. 3502, and the United States Postal Service.

Alteration

A change to existing ICT that affects interoperability, the user interface, or access to information or data.

Application.

Software designed to perform, or to help the user to perform, a specific task or tasks.

Assistive Technology (AT)

Any item, piece of equipment, or product system, whether acquired commercially, modified, or customized, that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities of individuals with disabilities.

Audio Description.

Narration added to the soundtrack to describe important visual details that cannot be understood from the main soundtrack alone. Audio description is a means to inform individuals who are blind or who have low vision about visual content essential for comprehension. Audio description of video provides information about actions, characters, scene changes, on-screen text, and other visual content. Audio description supplements the regular audio track of a program. Audio description is usually added during existing pauses in dialogue. Audio description is also called “video description” and “descriptive narration��.

Authoring Tool

Any software, or collection of software components, that can be used by authors, alone or collaboratively, to create or modify content for use by others, including other authors.

Closed Functionality

Characteristics that limit functionality or prevent a user from attaching or installing assistive technology. Examples of ICT with closed functionality are self-service machines, information kiosks, set-top boxes, fax machines, calculators, and computers that are locked down so that users may not adjust settings due to a policy such as Desktop Core Configuration.

Content

Electronic information and data, as well as the encoding that defines its structure, presentation, and interactions.

Document

Logically distinct assembly of content (such as a file, set of files, or streamed media) that: functions as a single entity rather than a collection; is not part of software; and does not include its own software to retrieve and present content for users. Examples of documents include, but are not limited to, letters, email messages, spreadsheets, presentations, podcasts, images, and movies.

Existing ICT

ICT that has been procured, maintained or used on or before January 18, 2018.

Hardware

A tangible device, equipment, or physical component of ICT, such as telephones, computers, multifunction copy machines, and keyboards.

Information Technology

Shall have the same meaning as the term “information technology” set forth in 40 U.S.C. 11101(6).

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Information technology and other equipment, systems, technologies, or processes, for which the principal function is the creation, manipulation, storage, display, receipt, or transmission of electronic data and information, as well as any associated content. Examples of ICT include, but are not limited to: computers and peripheral equipment; information kiosks and transaction machines; telecommunications equipment; customer premises equipment; multifunction office machines; software; applications; Web sites; videos; and, electronic documents.

Keyboard

A set of systematically arranged alphanumeric keys or a control that generates alphanumeric input by which a machine or device is operated. A keyboard includes tactilely discernible keys used in conjunction with the alphanumeric keys if their function maps to keys on the keyboard interfaces.

Label

Text, or a component with a text alternative, that is presented to a user to identify content. A label is presented to all users, whereas a name may be hidden and only exposed by assistive technology. In many cases, the name and the label are the same.

A set of selectable options.

Name

Text by which software can identify a component to the user. A name may be hidden and only exposed by assistive technology, whereas a label is presented to all users. In many cases, the label and the name are the same. Name is unrelated to the name attribute in HTML.

Non-Web Document

A document that is not: a Web page, embedded in a Web page, or used in the rendering or functioning of Web pages.

Non-Web Software

Software that is not: a Web page, not embedded in a Web page, and not used in the rendering or functioning of Web pages.

Operable Part

Hardware-based user controls for activating, deactivating, or adjusting ICT.

Platform Accessibility Services

Services provided by a platform enabling interoperability with assistive technology. Examples are Application Programming Interfaces (API) and the Document Object Model (DOM).

Platform Software

Software that interacts with hardware or provides services for other software. Platform software may run or host other software, and may isolate them from underlying software or hardware layers. A single software component may have both platform and non-platform aspects. Examples of platforms are: desktop operating systems; embedded operating systems, including mobile systems; Web browsers; plug-ins to Web browsers that render a particular media or format; and sets of components that allow other applications to execute, such as applications which support macros or scripting.

Programmatically Determinable

Ability to be determined by software from author-supplied data that is provided in a way that different user agents, including assistive technologies, can extract and present the information to users in different modalities.

Public Facing

Content made available by an agency to members of the general public. Examples include, but are not limited to, an agency Web site, blog post, or social media pages.

Real-Time Text (RTT)

Communications using the transmission of text by which characters are transmitted by a terminal as they are typed. Real-time text is used for conversational purposes. Real-time text also may be used in voicemail, interactive voice response systems, and other similar application.

Revised 508 Standards

The standards for ICT developed, procured, maintained, or used by agencies subject to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act as set forth in 508 Chapters 1 and 2 (36 CFR part 1194, Appendix A), and Chapters 3 through 7 (36 CFR part 1194, Appendix C).

Software

Programs, procedures, rules, and related data and documentation that direct the use and operation of ICT and instruct it to perform a given task or function. Software includes, but is not limited to, applications, non-Web software, and platform software.

Software Tools

Software for which the primary function is the development of other software. Software tools usually come in the form of an Integrated Development Environment (IDE) and are a suite of related products and utilities. Examples of IDEs include Microsoft® Visual Studio®, Apple® Xcode®, and Eclipse Foundation Eclipse®.

Telecommunications

The signal transmission, between or among points specified by the user, of information of the user’s choosing, without change in the form or content of the information as sent and received.

Terminal

Device or software with which the end user directly interacts and that provides the user interface. For some systems, the software that provides the user interface may reside on more than one device such as a telephone and a server.

Text

A sequence of characters that can be programmatically determined and that expresses something in human language.

TTY

Equipment that enables interactive text based communications through the transmission of frequency-shift-keying audio tones across the public switched telephone network. TTYs include devices for real-time text communications and voice and text intermixed communications. Examples of intermixed communications are voice carry over and hearing carry over. One example of a TTY is a computer with TTY emulating software and modem.

Variable Message Signs (VMS)

Non-interactive electronic signs with scrolling, streaming, or paging-down capability. An example of a VMS is an electronic message board at a transit station that displays the gate and time information associated with the next train arrival.

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

A technology that provides real-time voice communications. VoIP requires a broadband connection from the user’s location and customer premises equipment compatible with Internet protocol.

Web page

A non-embedded resource obtained from a single Universal Resource Identifier (URI) using HyperText Transfer Protocol (HTTP) plus any other resources that are provided for the rendering, retrieval, and presentation of content.

508 Chapter 2: Scoping Requirements

E201 Application

E201.1 Scope

ICT that is procured, developed, maintained, or used by agencies shall conform to the Revised 508 Standards.

E202 General Exceptions

E202.1 General

ICT shall be exempt from compliance with the Revised 508 Standards to the extent specified by E202.

E202.2 Legacy ICT

Any component or portion of existing ICT that complies with an earlier standard issued pursuant to Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (as republished in Appendix D), and that has not been altered on or after January 18, 2018, shall not be required to be modified to conform to the Revised 508 Standards.

E202.3 National Security Systems

The Revised 508 Standards do not apply to ICT operated by agencies as part of a national security system, as defined by 40 U.S.C. 11103(a).

E202.4 Federal Contracts

ICT acquired by a contractor incidental to a contract shall not be required to conform to the Revised 508 Standards.

E202.5 ICT Functions Located in Maintenance or Monitoring Spaces

Where status indicators and operable parts for ICT functions are located in spaces that are frequented only by service personnel for maintenance, repair, or occasional monitoring of equipment, such status indicators and operable parts shall not be required to conform to the Revised 508 Standards.

E202.6 Undue Burden or Fundamental Alteration

Where an agency determines in accordance with E202.6 that conformance to requirements in the Revised 508 Standards would impose an undue burden or would result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the ICT, conformance shall be required only to the extent that it does not impose an undue burden, or result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the ICT.

E202.6.1 Basis for a Determination of Undue Burden

In determining whether conformance to requirements in the Revised 508 Standards would impose an undue burden on the agency, the agency shall consider the extent to which conformance would impose significant difficulty or expense considering the agency resources available to the program or component for which the ICT is to be procured, developed, maintained, or used.

E202.6.2 Required Documentation

The responsible agency official shall document in writing the basis for determining that conformance to requirements in the Revised 508 Standards constitute an undue burden on the agency, or would result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the ICT. The documentation shall include an explanation of why and to what extent compliance with applicable requirements would create an undue burden or result in a fundamental alteration in the nature of the ICT.

E202.6.3 Alternative Means

Where conformance to one or more requirements in the Revised 508 Standards imposes an undue burden or a fundamental alteration in the nature of the ICT, the agency shall provide individuals with disabilities access to and use of information and data by an alternative means that meets identified needs.

E202.7 Best Meets

Where ICT conforming to one or more requirements in the Revised 508 Standards is not commercially available, the agency shall procure the ICT that best meets the Revised 508 Standards consistent with the agency’s business needs.

E202.7.1 Required Documentation

The responsible agency official shall document in writing: (a) the non-availability of conforming ICT, including a description of market research performed and which provisions cannot be met, and (b) the basis for determining that the ICT to be procured best meets the requirements in the Revised 508 Standards consistent with the agency’s business needs.

E202.7.2 Alternative Means

Where ICT that fully conforms to the Revised 508 Standards is not commercially available, the agency shall provide individuals with disabilities access to and use of information and data by an alternative means that meets identified needs.

E203 Access to Functionality

E203.1 General

Agencies shall ensure that all functionality of ICT is accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities, either directly or by supporting the use of assistive technology, and shall comply with E203. In providing access to all functionality of ICT, agencies shall ensure the following:

That Federal employees with disabilities have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to the access and use by Federal employees who are not individuals with disabilities; and

That members of the public with disabilities who are seeking information or data from a Federal agency have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to that provided to members of the public who are not individuals with disabilities.

E203.2 User Needs

When agencies procure, develop, maintain or use ICT they shall identify the needs of users with disabilities to determine:

How users with disabilities will perform the functions supported by the ICT; and

How the ICT will be developed, installed, configured, and maintained to support users with disabilities.

E204 Functional Performance Criteria

E204.1 General

Where the requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 do not address one or more functions of ICT, the functions not addressed shall conform to the Functional Performance Criteria specified in Chapter 3.

E205 Electronic Content

E205.1 General

Electronic content shall comply with E205.

E205.2 Public Facing

Electronic content that is public facing shall conform to the accessibility requirements specified in E205.4.

E205.3 Agency Official Communication

Electronic content that is not public facing shall conform to the accessibility requirements specified in E205.4 when such content constitutes official business and is communicated by an agency through one or more of the following:

An emergency notification;

An initial or final decision adjudicating an administrative claim or proceeding;

An internal or external program or policy announcement;

A notice of benefits, program eligibility, employment opportunity, or personnel action;

A formal acknowledgement of receipt;

A survey questionnaire;

A template or form;

Educational or training materials; or

Intranet content designed as a Web page.

EXCEPTION: Records maintained by the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA) pursuant to Federal recordkeeping statutes shall not be required to conform to the Revised 508 Standards unless public facing.

E205.4 Accessibility Standard

Electronic content shall conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

EXCEPTION: Non-Web documents shall not be required to conform to the following four WCAG 2.0 Success Criteria: 2.4.1 Bypass Blocks, 2.4.5 Multiple Ways, 3.2.3 Consistent Navigation, and 3.2.4 Consistent Identification.

E205.4.1 Word Substitution when Applying WCAG to Non-Web Documents

For non-Web documents, wherever the term “Web page” or “page” appears in WCAG 2.0 Level A and AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements, the term “document” shall be substituted for the terms “Web page” and “page”. In addition, in Success Criterion in 1.4.2, the phrase “in a document” shall be substituted for the phrase “on a Web page”.

E206 Hardware

E206.1 General

Where components of ICT are hardware and transmit information or have a user interface, such components shall conform to the requirements in Chapter 4.

E207 Software

E207.1 General

Where components of ICT are software and transmit information or have a user interface, such components shall conform to E207 and the requirements in Chapter 5.

EXCEPTION: Software that is assistive technology and that supports the accessibility services of the platform shall not be required to conform to the requirements in Chapter 5.

E207.2 WCAG Conformance

User interface components, as well as the content of platforms and applications, shall conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

EXCEPTIONS:

Software that is assistive technology and that supports the accessibility services of the platform shall not be required to conform to E207.2.

Non-Web software shall not be required to conform to the following four Success Criteria in WCAG 2.0: 2.4.1 Bypass Blocks; 2.4.5 Multiple Ways; 3.2.3 Consistent Navigation; and 3.2.4 Consistent Identification.

Non-Web software shall not be required to conform to Conformance Requirement 3 Complete Processes in WCAG 2.0.

E207.2.1 Word Substitution when Applying WCAG to Non-Web Software

For non-Web software, wherever the term “Web page” or “page” appears in WCAG 2.0 Level A and AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements, the term “software” shall be substituted for the terms “Web page” and “page”. In addition, in Success Criterion in 1.4.2, the phrase “in software” shall be substituted for the phrase “on a Web page.”

E207.3 Complete Processes for Non-Web Software

Where non-Web software requires multiple steps to accomplish an activity, all software related to the activity to be accomplished shall conform to WCAG 2.0 as specified in E207.2.

E208 Support Documentation and Services

E208.1 General

Where an agency provides support documentation or services for ICT, such documentation and services shall conform to the requirements in Chapter 6.

Appendix B to Part 1194 – Section 255 of the Communications Act: Application and Scoping Requirements

255 Chapter 1: Application and Administration

C101 General

C101.1 Purpose

These Revised 255 Guidelines, which consist of 255 Chapters 1 and 2 (Appendix B), along with Chapters 3 through 7 (Appendix C), contain scoping and technical requirements for the design, development, and fabrication of telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment, content, and support documentation and services, to ensure accessibility and usability by individuals with disabilities. These Revised 255 Guidelines are to be applied to the extent required by regulations issued by the Federal Communications Commission under Section 255 of the Communications Act of 1934, as amended (47 U.S.C. 255).

C101.2 Equivalent Facilitation

The use of an alternative design or technology that results in substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability by individuals with disabilities than would be provided by conformance to one or more of the requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 of the Revised 255 Guidelines is permitted. The functional performance criteria in Chapter 3 shall be used to determine whether substantially equivalent or greater accessibility and usability is provided to individuals with disabilities.

C101.3 Conventional Industry Tolerances

Dimensions are subject to conventional industry tolerances except where dimensions are stated as a range with specific minimum or maximum end points.

C101.4 Units of Measurement

C102 Referenced Standards

C102.1 Application

The specific editions of the standards listed in Chapter 7 are incorporated by reference into 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements) and Chapters 3 through 6 to the prescribed extent of each such reference. Where conflicts occur between the Revised 255 Guidelines and the referenced standards, these Revised 255 Guidelines apply.

C103 Definitions

C103.1 Terms Defined in Referenced Standards

Terms defined in referenced standards and not defined in C103.4 shall have the meaning as defined in the referenced standards.

C103.2 Undefined Terms

Any term not defined in C103.4 or in referenced standards shall be given its ordinarily accepted meaning in the sense that the context implies.

C103.3 Interchangeability

Words, terms, and phrases used in the singular include the plural and those used in the plural include the singular.

C103.4 Defined Terms

For the purpose of the Revised 255 Guidelines, the terms defined in C103.4 have the indicated meaning.

Application

Software designed to perform, or to help the user perform, a specific task or tasks.

Assistive Technology (AT)

Audio Description

Authoring Tool

Any software, or collection of software components, that can be used by authors, alone or collaboratively, to create or modify content for use by others, including other authors.

Closed Functionality

Characteristics that limit functionality or prevent a user from attaching or installing assistive technology.

Content

Electronic information and data, as well as the encoding that defines its structure, presentation, and interactions.

Customer Premises Equipment (CPE)

Equipment used on the premises of a person (other than a carrier) to originate, route, or terminate telecommunications service or interconnected VoIP service, including software integral to the operation of telecommunications function of such equipment. Examples of CPE are telephones, routers, switches, residential gateways, set-top boxes, fixed mobile convergence products, home networking adaptors and Internet access gateways which enable consumers to access communications service providers’ services and distribute them around their house via a Local Access Network (LAN).

Document

Hardware

A tangible device, equipment, or physical component of ICT, such as telephones, computers, multifunction copy machines, and keyboards.

Information and Communication Technology (ICT)

Keyboard

Label

Manufacturer

A final assembler of telecommunications equipment or customer premises equipment that sells such equipment to the public or to vendors that sell to the public.

A set of selectable options.

Name

Non-Web Document

A document that is not: a Web page, embedded in a Web page, or used in the rendering or functioning of Web pages.

Non-Web Software

Software that is not: a Web page, not embedded in a Web page, and not used in the rendering or functioning of Web pages.

Operable Part

Hardware-based user controls for activating, deactivating, or adjusting ICT.

Platform Accessibility Services

Services provided by a platform enabling interoperability with assistive technology. Examples are Application Programming Interfaces (API) and the Document Object Model (DOM).

Platform Software

Programmatically Determinable

Real-Time Text (RTT)

Revised 255 Guidelines

The guidelines for telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment covered by Section 255 of the Communications Act as set forth in 255 Chapters 1 and 2 (36 CFR part 1194, Appendix B), and Chapters 3 through 7 (36 CFR part 1193, Appendix C).

Software

Software Tools

Specialized Customer Premises Equipment

Assistive technology used by individuals with disabilities to originate, route, or terminate telecommunications or interconnected VoIP service. Examples are TTYs and amplified telephones.

Telecommunications

The signal transmission between or among points specified by the user of information and of the user’s choosing without change in the form or content of the information as sent and received.

Telecommunications Equipment

Equipment, other than customer premises equipment, used by a carrier to provide telecommunications service or interconnected VoIP service and includes software integral to the operation of telecommunications function of such equipment.

Terminal

Text

A sequence of characters that can be programmatically determined and that expresses something in human language.

TTY

Variable Message Signs (VMS)

Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP)

A technology that provides real-time voice communications. VoIP requires a broadband connection from the user’s location and customer premises equipment compatible with Internet protocol.

Web page

255 Chapter 2: Scoping Requirements

C201 Application

C201.1 Scope

Manufacturers shall comply with the requirements in the Revised 255 Guidelines applicable to telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment (and related software integral to the operation of telecommunications functions) when newly released, upgraded, or substantially changed from an earlier version or model. Manufacturers shall also conform to the requirements in the Revised 255 Guidelines for support documentation and services, including electronic documents and Web-based product support.

C201.2. Readily Achievable

When a manufacturer determines that conformance to one or more requirements in Chapter 4 (Hardware) or Chapter 5 (Software) would not be readily achievable, it shall ensure that the equipment or software is compatible with existing peripheral devices or specialized customer premises equipment commonly used by individuals with disabilities to the extent readily achievable.

C201.3 Access to Functionality

Manufacturers shall ensure that telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment is accessible to and usable by individuals with disabilities by providing direct access to all telecommunications functionality. Where manufacturers can demonstrate that it is not readily achievable for such equipment to provide direct access to all functionality, the equipment shall support the use of assistive technology and specialized customer premises equipment where readily achievable.

C201.4 Prohibited Reduction of Accessibility, Usability, and Compatibility

No change shall be undertaken that decreases, or has the effect of decreasing, the net accessibility, usability, or compatibility of telecommunications equipment or customer premises equipment.

EXCEPTION: Discontinuation of a product shall not be prohibited.

C201.5 Design, Development, and Fabrication

Manufacturers shall evaluate the accessibility, usability, and interoperability of telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment during its product design, development, and fabrication.

C202 Functional Performance Criteria

C202.1 General

Where the requirements in Chapters 4 and 5 do not address one or more functions of telecommunications or customer premises equipment, the functions not addressed shall conform to the Functional Performance Criteria specified in Chapter 3.

C203 Electronic Content

C203.1 General

Electronic content that is integral to the use of telecommunications or customer premises equipment shall conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

C203.1.1 Word Substitution when Applying WCAG to Non-Web Documents

For non-Web documents, wherever the term “Web page” or “page” appears in WCAG 2.0 Level A and AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements, the term “document’ shall be substituted for the terms “Web page” and “page.” In addition, in Success Criterion in 1.4.2, the phrase “in a document” shall be substituted for the phrase “on a Web page.”

C204 Hardware

C204.1 General

Where components of telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment are hardware, and transmit information or have a user interface, those components shall conform to applicable requirements in Chapter 4.

EXCEPTION: Components of telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment shall not be required to conform to 402, 407.7, 407.8, 408, 412.8.4, and 415.

C205 Software

C205.1 General

Where software is integral to the use of telecommunications functions of telecommunications equipment or customer premises equipment and has a user interface, such software shall conform to C205 and applicable requirements in Chapter 5.

EXCEPTION: Software that is assistive technology and that supports the accessibility services of the platform shall not be required to conform to the requirements in Chapter 5.

C205.2 WCAG Conformance

User interface components, as well as the content of platforms and applications shall conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

EXCEPTIONS:

Software that is assistive technology and that supports the accessibility services of the platform shall not be required to conform to C205.2.

Non-Web software shall not be required to conform to Conformance Requirement 3 Complete Processes in WCAG 2.0.

C205.2.1 Word Substitution when Applying WCAG to Non-Web Software

For non-Web software, wherever the term “Web page” or “page” appears in WCAG 2.0 Level A and AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements, the term “software” shall be substituted for the terms “Web page” and “page.” In addition, in Success Criterion 1.4.2, the phrase “in software” shall be substituted for the phrase “on a Web page.”

C205.3 Complete Processes for Non-Web Software

Where non-Web software requires multiple steps to accomplish an activity, all software related to the activity to be accomplished shall conform to WCAG 2.0 as specified in C205.2.

C206 Support Documentation and Services

C206.1 General

Where support documentation and services are provided for telecommunications equipment and customer premises equipment, manufacturers shall ensure that such documentation and services conform to Chapter 6 and are made available upon request at no additional charge.

Appendix C to Part 1194 – Functional Performance Criteria and Technical Requirements

Chapter 3: Functional Performance Criteria

301 General

301.1 Scope

The requirements of Chapter 3 shall apply to ICT where required by 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), and where otherwise referenced in any other chapter of the Revised 508 Standards or Revised 255 Guidelines.

302 Functional Performance Criteria

302.1 Without Vision

Where a visual mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that does not require user vision.

302.2 With Limited Vision

Where a visual mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that enables users to make use of limited vision.

302.3 Without Perception of Color

Where a visual mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one visual mode of operation that does not require user perception of color.

302.4 Without Hearing

Where an audible mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that does not require user hearing.

302.5 With Limited Hearing

Where an audible mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that enables users to make use of limited hearing.

302.6 Without Speech

Where speech is used for input, control, or operation, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that does not require user speech.

302.7 With Limited Manipulation

Where a manual mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that does not require fine motor control or simultaneous manual operations.

302.8 With Limited Reach and Strength

Where a manual mode of operation is provided, ICT shall provide at least one mode of operation that is operable with limited reach and limited strength.

302.9 With Limited Language, Cognitive, and Learning Abilities

ICT shall provide features making its use by individuals with limited cognitive, language, and learning abilities simpler and easier.

Chapter 4: Hardware

401 General

401.1 Scope

The requirements of Chapter 4 shall apply to ICT that is hardware where required by 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), and where otherwise referenced in any other chapter of the Revised 508 Standards or Revised 255 Guidelines.

EXCEPTION: Hardware that is assistive technology shall not be required to conform to the requirements of this chapter.

402 Closed Functionality

402.1 General

ICT with closed functionality shall be operable without requiring the user to attach or install assistive technology other than personal headsets or other audio couplers, and shall conform to 402.

402.2 Speech-Output Enabled

ICT with a display screen shall be speech-output enabled for full and independent use by individuals with vision impairments.

EXCEPTIONS:

Variable message signs conforming to 402.5 shall not be required to be speech-output enabled.

Speech output shall not be required where ICT display screens only provide status indicators and those indicators conform to 409.

Where speech output cannot be supported due to constraints in available memory or processor capability, ICT shall be permitted to conform to 409 in lieu of 402.2.

Audible tones shall be permitted instead of speech output where the content of user input is not displayed as entered for security purposes, including, but not limited to, asterisks representing personal identification numbers.

Speech output shall not be required for: the machine location; date and time of transaction; customer account number; and the machine identifier or label.

Speech output shall not be required for advertisements and other similar information unless they convey information that can be used for the transaction being conducted.

402.2.1 Information Displayed On-Screen

Speech output shall be provided for all information displayed on-screen.

402.2.2 Transactional Outputs

Where transactional outputs are provided, the speech output shall audibly provide all information necessary to verify a transaction.

402.2.3 Speech Delivery Type and Coordination

Speech output shall be delivered through a mechanism that is readily available to all users, including, but not limited to, an industry standard connector or a telephone handset. Speech shall be recorded or digitized human, or synthesized. Speech output shall be coordinated with information displayed on the screen.

402.2.4 User Control

Speech output for any single function shall be automatically interrupted when a transaction is selected. Speech output shall be capable of being repeated and paused.

402.2.5 Braille Instructions

Where speech output is required by 402.2, braille instructions for initiating the speech mode of operation shall be provided. Braille shall be contracted and shall conform to 36 CFR part 1191, Appendix D, Section 703.3.1.

EXCEPTION: Devices for personal use shall not be required to conform to 402.2.5.

402.3 Volume

ICT that delivers sound, including speech output required by 402.2, shall provide volume control and output amplification conforming to 402.3.

EXCEPTION: ICT conforming to 412.2 shall not be required to conform to 402.3.

402.3.1 Private Listening

Where ICT provides private listening, it shall provide a mode of operation for controlling the volume. Where ICT delivers output by an audio transducer typically held up to the ear, a means for effective magnetic wireless coupling to hearing technologies shall be provided.

402.3.2 Non-private Listening

Where ICT provides non-private listening, incremental volume control shall be provided with output amplification up to a level of at least 65 dB. A function shall be provided to automatically reset the volume to the default level after every use.

402.4 Characters on Display Screens

At least one mode of characters displayed on the screen shall be in a sans serif font. Where ICT does not provide a screen enlargement feature, characters shall be 3/16 inch (4.8 mm) high minimum based on the uppercase letter “I”. Characters shall contrast with their background with either light characters on a dark background or dark characters on a light background.

402.5 Characters on Variable Message Signs

Characters on variable message signs shall conform to section 703.7 Variable Message Signs of ICC A117.1-2009 (incorporated by reference, see 702.6.1).

403 Biometrics

403.1 General

Where provided, biometrics shall not be the only means for user identification or control.

EXCEPTION: Where at least two biometric options that use different biological characteristics are provided, ICT shall be permitted to use biometrics as the only means for user identification or control.

404 Preservation of Information Provided for Accessibility

404.1 General

ICT that transmits or converts information or communication shall not remove non-proprietary information provided for accessibility or shall restore it upon delivery.

405 Privacy

405.1 General

The same degree of privacy of input and output shall be provided to all individuals. When speech output required by 402.2 is enabled, the screen shall not blank automatically.

406 Standard Connections

406.1 General

Where data connections used for input and output are provided, at least one of each type of connection shall conform to industry standard non-proprietary formats.

407 Operable Parts

407.1 General

Where provided, operable parts used in the normal operation of ICT shall conform to 407.

407.2 Contrast

Where provided, keys and controls shall contrast visually from background surfaces. Characters and symbols shall contrast visually from background surfaces with either light characters or symbols on a dark background or dark characters or symbols on a light background.

407.3 Input Controls

At least one input control conforming to 407.3 shall be provided for each function.

EXCEPTION: Devices for personal use with input controls that are audibly discernable without activation and operable by touch shall not be required to conform to 407.3.

407.3.1 Tactilely Discernible

Input controls shall be operable by touch and tactilely discernible without activation.

407.3.2 Alphabetic Keys

Where provided, individual alphabetic keys shall be arranged in a QWERTY-based keyboard layout and the “F” and “J” keys shall be tactilely distinct from the other keys.

407.3.3 Numeric Keys

Where provided, numeric keys shall be arranged in a 12-key ascending or descending keypad layout. The number five key shall be tactilely distinct from the other keys. Where the ICT provides an alphabetic overlay on numeric keys, the relationships between letters and digits shall conform to ITU-T Recommendation E.161 (incorporated by reference, see 702.7.1).

407.4 Key Repeat

Where a keyboard with key repeat is provided, the delay before the key repeat feature is activated shall be fixed at, or adjustable to, 2 seconds minimum.

407.5 Timed Response

Where a timed response is required, the user shall be alerted visually, as well as by touch or sound, and shall be given the opportunity to indicate that more time is needed.

407.6 Operation

At least one mode of operation shall be operable with one hand and shall not require tight grasping, pinching, or twisting of the wrist. The force required to activate operable parts shall be 5 pounds (22.2 N) maximum.

407.7 Tickets, Fare Cards, and Keycards

Where tickets, fare cards, or keycards are provided, they shall have an orientation that is tactilely discernible if orientation is important to further use of the ticket, fare card, or keycard.

407.8 Reach Height and Depth

At least one of each type of operable part of stationary ICT shall be at a height conforming to 407.8.2 or 407.8.3 according to its position established by the vertical reference plane specified in 407.8.1 for a side reach or a forward reach. Operable parts used with speech output required by 402.2 shall not be the only type of operable part complying with 407.8 unless that part is the only operable part of its type.

407.8.1 Vertical Reference Plane

Operable parts shall be positioned for a side reach or a forward reach determined with respect to a vertical reference plane. The vertical reference plane shall be located in conformance to 407.8.2 or 407.8.3.

407.8.1.1 Vertical Plane for Side Reach

Where a side reach is provided, the vertical reference plane shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) long minimum.

graphical representation of dimensions for vertical plane side reach

407.8.1.2 Vertical Plane for Forward Reach

Where a forward reach is provided, the vertical reference plane shall be 30 inches (760 mm) long minimum.

graphical representation of dimensions for vertical plane forward reach

407.8.2 Side Reach

Operable parts of ICT providing a side reach shall conform to 407.8.2.1 or 407.8.2.2. The vertical reference plane shall be centered on the operable part and placed at the leading edge of the maximum protrusion of the ICT within the length of the vertical reference plane. Where a side reach requires a reach over a portion of the ICT, the height of that portion of the ICT shall be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum.

407.8.2.1 Unobstructed Side Reach

Where the operable part is located 10 inches (255 mm) or less beyond the vertical reference plane, the operable part shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) high maximum and 15 inches (380 mm) high minimum above the floor.

graphical representation of dimensions for unobstructed side reach

407.8.2.2 Obstructed Side Reach

Where the operable part is located more than 10 inches (255 mm), but not more than 24 inches (610 mm), beyond the vertical reference plane, the height of the operable part shall be 46 inches (1170 mm) high maximum and 15 inches (380 mm) high minimum above the floor. The operable part shall not be located more than 24 inches (610 mm) beyond the vertical reference plane.

graphical representation of dimensions for obstructed side reach

407.8.3 Forward Reach

Operable parts of ICT providing a forward reach shall conform to 407.8.3.1 or 407.8.3.2. The vertical reference plane shall be centered, and intersect with, the operable part. Where a forward reach allows a reach over a portion of the ICT, the height of that portion of the ICT shall be 34 inches (865 mm) maximum.

407.8.3.1 Unobstructed Forward Reach

Where the operable part is located at the leading edge of the maximum protrusion within the length of the vertical reference plane of the ICT, the operable part shall be 48 inches (1220 mm) high maximum and 15 inches (380 mm) high minimum above the floor.

graphical representation of dimensions for unobstructed forward reach

407.8.3.2 Obstructed Forward Reach

Where the operable part is located beyond the leading edge of the maximum protrusion within the length of the vertical reference plane, the operable part shall conform to 407.8.3.2. The maximum allowable forward reach to an operable part shall be 25 inches (635 mm).

graphical representation of dimensions for obstructed forward reach

407.8.3.2.1 Operable Part Height for ICT with Obstructed Forward Reach

The height of the operable part shall conform to Table 407.8.3.2.1.

Table 407.8.3.2.1 Operable Part Height for ICT with Obstructed Forward Reach Reach Depth Operable Part Height

Less than 20 inches (510 mm) 48 inches (1220 mm) maximum

20 inches (510 mm) to 25 inches (635 mm) 44 inches (1120 mm) maximum

graphical representation of dimensions for operable part height for obstructed forward reach

407.8.3.2.2 Knee and Toe Space under ICT with Obstructed Forward Reach

Knee and toe space under ICT shall be 27 inches (685 mm) high minimum, 25 inches (635 mm) deep maximum, and 30 inches (760 mm) wide minimum and shall be clear of obstructions.

graphical representation of dimensions for knee and toe space for obstructed forward reach

EXCEPTIONS:

Toe space shall be permitted to provide a clear height of 9 inches (230 mm) minimum above the floor and a clear depth of 6 inches (150 mm) maximum from the vertical reference plane toward the leading edge of the ICT.

graphical representation of dimensions for knee and toe space for obstructed forward reach exception one

At a depth of 6 inches (150 mm) maximum from the vertical reference plane toward the leading edge of the ICT, space between 9 inches (230 mm) and 27 inches (685 mm) minimum above the floor shall be permitted to reduce at a rate of 1 inch (25 mm) in depth for every 6 inches (150 mm) in height.

graphical representation of dimensions for knee and toe space for obstructed forward reach exception two

Supplemental graphic combining both Exceptions 1 and 2:

graphical representation of dimensions for knee and toe space for obstructed forward reach exceptions one and two

408 Display Screens

408.1 General

Where provided, display screens shall conform to 408.

408.2 Visibility

Where stationary ICT provides one or more display screens, at least one of each type of display screen shall be visible from a point located 40 inches (1015 mm) above the floor space where the display screen is viewed.

408.3 Flashing

Where ICT emits lights in flashes, there shall be no more than three flashes in any one-second period.

EXCEPTION: Flashes that do not exceed the general flash and red flash thresholds defined in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1) are not required to conform to 408.3.

409 Status Indicators

409.1 General

Where provided, status indicators shall be discernible visually and by touch or sound.

410 Color Coding

410.1 General

Where provided, color coding shall not be used as the only means of conveying information, indicating an action, prompting a response, or distinguishing a visual element.

411 Audible Signals

411.1 General

Where provided, audible signals or cues shall not be used as the only means of conveying information, indicating an action, or prompting a response

412 ICT with Two-Way Voice Communication

412.1 General

ICT that provides two-way voice communication shall conform to 412.

412.2 Volume Gain

ICT that provides two-way voice communication shall conform to 412.2.1 or 412.2.2.

412.2.1 Volume Gain for Wireline Telephones

Volume gain conforming to 47 CFR 68.317 shall be provided on analog and digital wireline telephones.

412.2.2 Volume Gain for Non-Wireline ICT

A method for increasing volume shall be provided for non-wireline ICT.

412.3 Interference Reduction and Magnetic Coupling

Where ICT delivers output by a handset or other type of audio transducer that is typically held up to the ear, ICT shall reduce interference with hearing technologies and provide a means for effective magnetic wireless coupling in conformance with 412.3.1 or 412.3.2.

412.3.1 Wireless Handsets

ICT in the form of wireless handsets shall conform to ANSI/IEEE C63.19-2011 (incorporated by reference, see 702.5.1).

412.3.2 Wireline Handsets

ICT in the form of wireline handsets, including cordless handsets, shall conform to TIA-1083-B (incorporated by reference, see702.9.1).

412.4 Digital Encoding of Speech

ICT in IP-based networks shall transmit and receive speech that is digitally encoded in the manner specified by ITU-T Recommendation G.722.2 (incorporated by reference, see 702.7.2) or IETF RFC 6716 (incorporated by reference, see 702.8.1).

412.5 Real-Time Text Functionality

[Reserved].

412.6 Caller ID

Where provided, caller identification and similar telecommunications functions shall be visible and audible.

412.7 Video Communication

Where ICT provides real-time video functionality, the quality of the video shall be sufficient to support communication using sign language.

412.8 Legacy TTY Support

ICT equipment or systems with two-way voice communication that do not themselves provide TTY functionality shall conform to 412.8.

412.8.1 TTY Connectability

ICT shall include a standard non-acoustic connection point for TTYs.

412.8.2 Voice and Hearing Carry Over

ICT shall provide a microphone capable of being turned on and off to allow the user to intermix speech with TTY use.

412.8.3 Signal Compatibility

ICT shall support all commonly used cross-manufacturer non-proprietary standard TTY signal protocols where the system interoperates with the Public Switched Telephone Network (PSTN).

412.8.4 Voice Mail and Other Messaging Systems

Where provided, voice mail, auto-attendant, interactive voice response, and caller identification systems shall be usable with a TTY.

413 Closed Caption Processing Technologies

413.1 General

Where ICT displays or processes video with synchronized audio, ICT shall provide closed caption processing technology that conforms to 413.1.1 or 413.1.2.

413.1.1 Decoding and Display of Closed Captions

Players and displays shall decode closed caption data and support display of captions.

413.1.2 Pass-Through of Closed Caption Data

Cabling and ancillary equipment shall pass through caption data.

414 Audio Description Processing Technologies

414.1 General

Where ICT displays or processes video with synchronized audio, ICT shall provide audio description processing technology conforming to 414.1.1 or 414.1.2.

414.1.1 Digital Television Tuners

Digital television tuners shall provide audio description processing that conforms to ATSC A/53 Digital Television Standard, Part 5 (2014) (incorporated by reference, see 702.2.1). Digital television tuners shall provide processing of audio description when encoded as a Visually Impaired (VI) associated audio service that is provided as a complete program mix containing audio description according to the ATSC A/53 standard.

414.1.2 Other ICT

ICT other than digital television tuners shall provide audio description processing.

415 User Controls for Captions and Audio Descriptions

415.1 General

Where ICT displays video with synchronized audio, ICT shall provide user controls for closed captions and audio descriptions conforming to 415.1.

EXCEPTION: Devices for personal use shall not be required to conform to 415.1 provided that captions and audio descriptions can be enabled through system-wide platform settings.

415.1.1 Caption Controls

Where ICT provides operable parts for volume control, ICT shall also provide operable parts for caption selection.

415.1.2 Audio Description Controls

Where ICT provides operable parts for program selection, ICT shall also provide operable parts for the selection of audio description.

Chapter 5: Software

501 General

501.1 Scope

The requirements of Chapter 5 shall apply to software where required by 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), and where otherwise referenced in any other chapter of the Revised 508 Standards or Revised 255 Guidelines.

EXCEPTION: Where Web applications do not have access to platform accessibility services and do not include components that have access to platform accessibility services, they shall not be required to conform to 502 or 503 provided that they conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

502 Interoperability with Assistive Technology

502.1 General

Software shall interoperate with assistive technology and shall conform to 502.

EXCEPTION: ICT conforming to 402 shall not be required to conform to 502.

502.2 Documented Accessibility Features

Software with platform features defined in platform documentation as accessibility features shall conform to 502.2.

502.2.1 User Control of Accessibility Features

Platform software shall provide user control over platform features that are defined in the platform documentation as accessibility features.

502.2.2 No Disruption of Accessibility Features

Software shall not disrupt platform features that are defined in the platform documentation as accessibility features.

502.3 Accessibility Services

Platform software and software tools that are provided by the platform developer shall provide a documented set of accessibility services that support applications running on the platform to interoperate with assistive technology and shall conform to 502.3. Applications that are also platforms shall expose the underlying platform accessibility services or implement other documented accessibility services.

502.3.1 Object Information

The object role, state(s), properties, boundary, name, and description shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.2 Modification of Object Information

States and properties that can be set by the user shall be capable of being set programmatically, including through assistive technology.

502.3.3 Row, Column, and Headers

If an object is in a data table, the occupied rows and columns, and any headers associated with those rows or columns, shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.4 Values

Any current value(s), and any set or range of allowable values associated with an object, shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.5 Modification of Values

Values that can be set by the user shall be capable of being set programmatically, including through assistive technology.

502.3.6 Label Relationships

Any relationship that a component has as a label for another component, or of being labeled by another component, shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.7 Hierarchical Relationships

Any hierarchical (parent-child) relationship that a component has as a container for, or being contained by, another component shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.8 Text

The content of text objects, text attributes, and the boundary of text rendered to the screen, shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.9 Modification of Text

Text that can be set by the user shall be capable of being set programmatically, including through assistive technology.

502.3.10 List of Actions

A list of all actions that can be executed on an object shall be programmatically determinable.

502.3.11 Actions on Objects

Applications shall allow assistive technology to programmatically execute available actions on objects.

502.3.12 Focus Cursor

Applications shall expose information and mechanisms necessary to track focus, text insertion point, and selection attributes of user interface components.

502.3.13 Modification of Focus Cursor

Focus, text insertion point, and selection attributes that can be set by the user shall be capable of being set programmatically, including through the use of assistive technology.

502.3.14 Event Notification

Notification of events relevant to user interactions, including but not limited to, changes in the component’s state(s), value, name, description, or boundary, shall be available to assistive technology.

502.4 Platform Accessibility Features

Platforms and platform software shall conform to the requirements in ANSI/HFES 200.2, Human Factors Engineering of Software User Interfaces — Part 2: Accessibility (2008) (incorporated by reference, see 702.4.1) listed below:

Section 9.3.3 Enable sequential entry of multiple (chorded) keystrokes;

Section 9.3.4 Provide adjustment of delay before key acceptance;

Section 9.3.5 Provide adjustment of same-key double-strike acceptance;

Section 10.6.7 Allow users to choose visual alternative for audio output;

Section 10.6.8 Synchronize audio equivalents for visual events;

Section 10.6.9 Provide speech output services; and

Section 10.7.1 Display any captions provided.

503 Applications

503.1 General

Applications shall conform to 503.

503.2 User Preferences

Applications shall permit user preferences from platform settings for color, contrast, font type, font size, and focus cursor.

EXCEPTION: Applications that are designed to be isolated from their underlying platform software, including Web applications, shall not be required to conform to 503.2.

503.3 Alternative User Interfaces

Where an application provides an alternative user interface that functions as assistive technology, the application shall use platform and other industry standard accessibility services.

503.4 User Controls for Captions and Audio Description

Where ICT displays video with synchronized audio, ICT shall provide user controls for closed captions and audio descriptions conforming to 503.4.

503.4.1 Caption Controls

Where user controls are provided for volume adjustment, ICT shall provide user controls for the selection of captions at the same menu level as the user controls for volume or program selection.

503.4.2 Audio Description Controls

Where user controls are provided for program selection, ICT shall provide user controls for the selection of audio descriptions at the same menu level as the user controls for volume or program selection.

504 Authoring Tools

504.1 General

Where an application is an authoring tool, the application shall conform to 504 to the extent that information required for accessibility is supported by the destination format.

504.2 Content Creation or Editing

Authoring tools shall provide a mode of operation to create or edit content that conforms to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1) for all supported features and, as applicable, to file formats supported by the authoring tool. Authoring tools shall permit authors the option of overriding information required for accessibility.

EXCEPTION: Authoring tools shall not be required to conform to 504.2 when used to directly edit plain text source code.

504.2.1 Preservation of Information Provided for Accessibility in Format Conversion

Authoring tools shall, when converting content from one format to another or saving content in multiple formats, preserve the information required for accessibility to the extent that the information is supported by the destination format.

504.2.2 PDF Export

Authoring tools capable of exporting PDF files that conform to ISO 32000-1:2008 (PDF 1.7) shall also be capable of exporting PDF files that conform to ANSI/AIIM/ISO 14289-1:2016 (PDF/UA-1) (incorporated by reference, see 702.3.1).

504.3 Prompts

Authoring tools shall provide a mode of operation that prompts authors to create content that conforms to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1) for supported features and, as applicable, to file formats supported by the authoring tool.

504.4 Templates

Where templates are provided, templates allowing content creation that conforms to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1) shall be provided for a range of template uses for supported features and, as applicable, to file formats supported by the authoring tool.

Chapter 6: Support Documentation and Services

601 General

601.1 Scope

The technical requirements in Chapter 6 shall apply to ICT support documentation and services where required by 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), and where otherwise referenced in any other chapter of the Revised 508 Standards or Revised 255 Guidelines.

602 Support Documentation

602.1 General

Documentation that supports the use of ICT shall conform to 602.

602.2 Accessibility and Compatibility Features

Documentation shall list and explain how to use the accessibility and compatibility features required by Chapters 4 and 5. Documentation shall include accessibility features that are built-in and accessibility features that provide compatibility with assistive technology.

602.3 Electronic Support Documentation

Documentation in electronic format, including Web-based self-service support, shall conform to Level A and Level AA Success Criteria and Conformance Requirements in WCAG 2.0 (incorporated by reference, see 702.10.1).

602.4 Alternate Formats for Non-Electronic Support Documentation

Where support documentation is only provided in non-electronic formats, alternate formats usable by individuals with disabilities shall be provided upon request.

603 Support Services

603.1 General

ICT support services including, but not limited to, help desks, call centers, training services, and automated self-service technical support, shall conform to 603.

603.2 Information on Accessibility and Compatibility Features

ICT support services shall include information on the accessibility and compatibility features required by 602.2.

603.3 Accommodation of Communication Needs

Support services shall be provided directly to the user or through a referral to a point of contact. Such ICT support services shall accommodate the communication needs of individuals with disabilities.

Chapter 7: Referenced Standards

701 General

701.1 Scope

The standards referenced in Chapter 7 shall apply to ICT where required by 508 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), 255 Chapter 2 (Scoping Requirements), and where referenced in any other chapter of the Revised 508 Standards or Revised 255 Guidelines.

702 Incorporation by Reference

702.1 Approved IBR Standards

The Director of the Office of the Federal Register has approved these standards for incorporation by reference into this part in accordance with 5 U.S.C. 552(a) and 1 CFR part 51. Copies of the referenced standards may be inspected at the U.S. Access Board, 1331 F Street, NW, Suite 1000, Washington, DC 20004, (202) 272-0080, and may also be obtained from the sources listed below. They are also available for inspection at the National Archives and Records Administration (NARA). For information on the availability of this material at NARA, call 202–741–6030 or go to National Archives Code of Federal Regulations Incorporation by Reference.

702.2 Advanced Television Systems Committee (ATSC)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the Advanced Television Systems Committee, 1776 K Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20006–2304.

702.2.1 ATSC A/53 Part 5:2014

Digital Television Standard, Part 5—AC-3 Audio System Characteristics, August 28, 2014.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 414.1.1.

702.3 Association for Information and Image Management (AIIM)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from AIIM, 1100 Wayne Ave., Ste. 1100, Silver Spring, Maryland 20910.

702.3.1 ANSI/AIIM/ISO 14289-1-2016

Document Management Applications — Electronic Document File Format Enhancement for Accessibility — Part 1: Use of ISO 32000-1 (PDF/UA-1), ANSI-approved February 8, 2016.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 504.2.2.

702.4 Human Factors and Ergonomics Society (HFES)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, P.O. Box 1369, Santa Monica, CA 90406–1369.

702.4.1 ANSI/HFES 200.2

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 502.4.

702.5 Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 10662 Los Vaqueros Circle, P.O. Box 3014, Los Alamitos, CA 90720–1264.

702.5.1 ANSI/IEEE C63.19-2011

American National Standard for Methods of Measurement of Compatibility between Wireless Communications Devices and Hearing Aids, May 27, 2011.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 412.3.1.

702.6 International Code Council (ICC)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from ICC Publications, 4051 W. Flossmoor Road, Country Club Hills, IL 60478–5795.

702.6.1 ICC A117.1-2009

Accessible and Usable Buildings and Facilities, approved October 20, 2010.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 402.5.

702.7 International Telecommunications Union Telecommunications Standardization Sector (ITU-T)

Copies of the referenced standards may be obtained from the International Telecommunication Union, Telecommunications Standardization Sector, Place des Nations CH-1211, Geneva 20, Switzerland.

702.7.1 ITU-T Recommendation E.161

Series E. Overall Network Operation, Telephone Service, Service Operation and Human Factors—International operation - Numbering plan of the international telephone service, Arrangement of digits, letters and symbols on telephones and other devices that can be used for gaining access to a telephone network, February 2001.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 407.3.3.

702.7.2 ITU-T Recommendation G.722.2

Series G. Transmission Systems and Media, Digital Systems and Networks – Digital terminal equipment – Coding of analogue signals by methods other than PCM, Wideband coding of speech at around 16 kbit/s using Adaptive Multi-Rate Wideband (AMR-WB), July 2003.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 412.4.

702.8 Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the Internet Engineering Task Force.

702.8.1 IETF RFC 6716

Definition of the Opus Codec, September 2012, J.M. Valin, Mozilla Corporation, K. Vos, Skype Technologies S.A., T. Terriberry, Mozilla Corporation.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 412.4.

702.9 Telecommunications Industry Association (TIA)

Copies of the referenced standard, published by the Telecommunications Industry Association, may be obtained from IHS Markit, 15 Inverness Way East, Englewood, CO 80112.

702.9.1 TIA-1083-B

Telecommunications—Communications Products—Handset Magnetic Measurement Procedures and Performance Requirements, October 2015.

IBR approved for Appendix C, Section 412.3.2.

702.10 Worldwide Web Consortium (W3C)

Copies of the referenced standard may be obtained from the W3C Web Accessibility Initiative, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 32 Vassar Street, Room 32-G515, Cambridge, MA 02139.

702.10.1 WCAG 2.0

Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0, W3C Recommendation, December 11, 2008.

IBR approved for: Appendix A (Section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act: Application and Scoping Requirements), Sections E205.4, E205.4 Exception, E205.4.1, E207.2, E207.2 Exception 2, E207.2 Exception 3, E207.2.1, E207.3; Appendix B (Section 255 of the Communications Act: Application and Scoping Requirements), C203.1, C203.1 Exception, C203.1.1, C205.2, C205.2 Exception 2, C205.2 Exception 3, C205.2.1, C205.3; and Appendix C (Functional Performance Criteria and Technical Requirements), 408.3 Exception, 501.1 Exception, 504.2, 504.3, 504.4, and 602.3.

Appendix D to Part 1194: Electronic and Information Technology Accessibility Standards as Originally Published on December 21, 2000

[65 FR 80523, Dec. 21, 2000. Redesignated and amended at 82 FR 5832, Jan. 18, 2017]

Subpart A — General

§ D1194.1 Purpose.

The purpose of this part is to implement section 508 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973, as amended (29 U.S.C. 794d). Section 508 requires that when Federal agencies develop, procure, maintain, or use electronic and information technology, Federal employees with disabilities have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to the access and use by Federal employees who are not individuals with disabilities, unless an undue burden would be imposed on the agency. Section 508 also requires that individuals with disabilities, who are members of the public seeking information or services from a Federal agency, have access to and use of information and data that is comparable to that provided to the public who are not individuals with disabilities, unless an undue burden would be imposed on the agency.

§ D1194.2 Application.

(a) Products covered by this part shall comply with all applicable provisions of this part. When developing, procuring, maintaining, or using electronic and information technology, each agency shall ensure that the products comply with the applicable provisions of this part, unless an undue burden would be imposed on the agency.

(1) When compliance with the provisions of this part imposes an undue burden, agencies shall provide individuals with disabilities with the information and data involved by an alternative means of access that allows the individual to use the information and data.

(2) When procuring a product, if an agency determines that compliance with any provision of this part imposes an undue burden, the documentation by the agency supporting the procurement shall explain why, and to what extent, compliance with each such provision creates an undue burden.

(b) When procuring a product, each agency shall procure products which comply with the provisions in this part when such products are available in the commercial marketplace or when such products are developed in response to a Government solicitation. Agencies cannot claim a product as a whole is not commercially available because no product in the marketplace meets all the standards. If products are commercially available that meet some but not all of the standards, the agency must procure the product that best meets the standards.

(c) Except as provided by §1194.3(b), this part applies to electronic and information technology developed, procured, maintained, or used by agencies directly or used by a contractor under a contract with an agency which requires the use of such product, or requires the use, to a significant extent, of such product in the performance of a service or the furnishing of a product.

§ 1194.3 General exceptions.

(a) This part does not apply to any electronic and information technology operated by agencies, the function, operation, or use of which involves intelligence activities, cryptologic activities related to national security, command and control of military forces, equipment that is an integral part of a weapon or weapons system, or systems which are critical to the direct fulfillment of military or intelligence missions. Systems which are critical to the direct fulfillment of military or intelligence missions do not include a system that is to be used for routine administrative and business applications (including payroll, finance, logistics, and personnel management applications).

(b) This part does not apply to electronic and information technology that is acquired by a contractor incidental to a contract.

(c) Except as required to comply with the provisions in this part, this part does not require the installation of specific accessibility-related software or the attachment of an assistive technology device at a workstation of a Federal employee who is not an individual with a disability.

(d) When agencies provide access to the public to information or data through electronic and information technology, agencies are not required to make products owned by the agency available for access and use by individuals with disabilities at a location other than that where the electronic and information technology is provided to the public, or to purchase products for access and use by individuals with disabilities at a location other than that where the electronic and information technology is provided to the public.

(e) This part shall not be construed to require a fundamental alteration in the nature of a product or its components.

(f) Products located in spaces frequented only by service personnel for maintenance, repair, or occasional monitoring of equipment are not required to comply with this part.

§ D1194.4 Definitions.

The following definitions apply to this part:

Agency

Any Federal department or agency, including the United States Postal Service.

Alternate formats

Alternate formats usable by people with disabilities may include, but are not limited to, Braille, ASCII text, large print, recorded audio, and electronic formats that comply with this part.

Alternate methods

Different means of providing information, including product documentation, to people with disabilities. Alternate methods may include, but are not limited to, voice, fax, relay service, TTY, Internet posting, captioning, text-to-speech synthesis, and audio description.

Assistive technology

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myresellerhome · 1 year ago

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VPS vs shared hosting

When launching a website, you need to choose a best and affordable web hosting provider that can give you with server space after purchasing a domain name. It might be confusing to choose from the wide variety of hosting options that are available, each designed to accommodate a distinct kind of website. Here we'll discuss the two most often used web hosting options to meet your needs: VPS and shared servers. We'll go over each one's fundamentals, features, and workings.

What is shared hosting and how it works?

In cheap shared hosting your website will share the same resources as other users who are using the same shared hosting server. These resources include the central processing unit (CPU), disk space, and memory. When it comes to website hosting, cheap shared hosting is the most cost-effective choice available. It is unfortunate that your website may have a restricted bandwidth, and it will become slow when there is a lot of traffic overwhelming websites that are hosted on the same server as you currently are. You are able to take pleasure in the pool when it is not busy, but you must still be prepared for the time when everyone will be there and things will become congested. Cheap Shared hosting is very similar to this situation.

Why to choose shared hosting?

Shared hosting is a far more affordable alternative, particularly if you are working with a limited budget. Due to the fact that shared hosting does not necessitate a great deal of complicated configurations or extensive technological knowledge, it is an excellent choice for individuals who are just starting out as website owners. The web hosting provider is responsible for virtually all of the management and maintenance tasks that are associated with the servers that are used for shared hosting plans. As a result, you will be able to devote more of your attention to the operation of your website rather than to patching or updating your server.

What is VPS hosting and how it works?

Through best virtual private server hosting, you will continue to share a single physical server; however, each user will have access to a unique collection of resources. This means that other websites that are hosted on the same server will not have an impact on your website, in contrast to cheap shared hosting. For the purpose of hosting a website on a virtual private server (VPS), each user is provided with their very own dedicated virtual partition, which guarantees that resources are constantly accessible to them. Obviously, virtual private servers (VPS) are more expensive than shared hosting.

Why to choose VPS hosting?

You have a better level of control over the infrastructure that is responsible for powering your website when you choose best virtual private server hosting since it puts you in charge of the organization. Having root access to the server, installing your own software and programs, and adding user accounts are all included in this. Virtual private server (VPS) hosting plans are still within the price range of many people and small enterprises, in contrast to dedicated hosting plans. When you take into account the fact that virtual private server hosting (VPS) has many of the same features as dedicated hosting, it is easy to understand why it is such a well-liked and affordable choice. Your web projects will benefit from a speedier and more efficient distribution of resources when you choose virtual private server hosting because it comes with higher-end server hardware from the beginning. In addition, these resources are completely devoted to your website, which enables you to partition them in any way that you believe is necessary.

A Comparison Between Virtual Private Server Hosting and Shared hosting-

The most significant distinction between cheap shared hosting and best virtual private server hosting is that shared hosting offers a package that is already configured and ready to use, which restricts the customization possibilities available to you. On the other hand, best virtual private server (VPS) hosting gives you the freedom to customize as you want it to be configured. On the other hand, given that the virtual private server (VPS) setup calls for a certain level of technical expertise, it might not be the greatest choice for beginners.

Due to the fact that you share a server with other websites, cheap shared hosting is the choice that is more cost-effective. Although you are only provided with a restricted number of resources, you are able to keep a tiny website up and running without paying an excessive amount of money. On the other side, best virtual private server hosting (VPS) offers more flexibility and performance as compared to shared hosting. Understanding the fundamental definitions of web hosting is not enough; thus, we will present you with some comparisons between the two forms of hosting in order to assist you in making a more informed decision regarding whether or not to switch from shared hosting to virtual private server hosting.

Costs-

As far as the category of cost, cheap shared hosting is the clearly best. On the other hand, the prices of virtual private server hosting have a higher advantage. The virtual private server (VPS) hosting plans are slightly more expensive than the shared hosting plans; however, in comparison to the shared hosting plans, the VPS hosting plans provide significantly greater bandwidth and storage capacity.

Security-

No matter what kind of website you run, security is an absolutely necessary component. When it comes to hosting your website, both types of hosting are relatively safe and reliable options; however, there are significant distinctions between the two. If you use cheap shared hosting, it is possible that your website will be impacted if there is an error found on another website. It is also possible that the speed of your website will decrease if other websites consume an excessive amount of the shared bandwidth. It is especially important to keep this in mind if your website receives a lot of visitors. By utilizing affordable virtual private servers (VPS), you will be able to avoid this issue, as the partitioned servers will ensure that each website functions in the appropriate manner. On the other hand, if you do not possess the technical expertise necessary to properly maintain your virtual private server, you want to think about the alternatives available to you. It has the potential to cause a whole host of other issues if it is not managed properly.

Control-

It is recommended that you go for affordable virtual private server (VPS) hosting rather than a cheap shared hosting plan if you are searching for more advanced options for your website. You will be granted root access to the server, which will allow you to install your own operating system, control panel, and software in order to improve the site's performance and security. You should look into Cyberpanel hosting if you are searching for a simple setup process. This hosting service comes with a preloaded control panel that is easy to use. When you use a shared hosting plan, on the other hand, you are restricted to just employing conventional server configurations. Those individuals who wish to refrain from engaging in the management of server tasks on their own may find this to be a more comfortable option.

Capacity to Grow-

Compared to shared hosting, virtual private server hosting (VPS) is far simpler to scale up. Shared hosting is an excellent choice for a short-term plan or a tiny online page; but, if your website receives a significant amount of traffic, you will experience more difficulties with the general performance of the web hosting service. Virtual private server hosting enables you to scale your website in a rapid and easy manner. If you are able to forecast the growth of your website, VPS hosting could be an excellent investment for your future.

Management of the Servers-

In the event that you decide to host your website using shared hosting, you will be expected to perform very little to no technical upkeep yourselves. Shared hosting service providers are responsible for the installation of the shared server, the installation and updating of any essential software, such as cPanel, as well as the monitoring of the servers to prevent any downtime and effectively take care of the back server. The management of resources is a little bit more difficult with virtual private server hosting, on the other hand. For administration and management purposes, it requires expertise that is somewhat more advanced. The good news is that virtual private server hosting gives you the ability to tweak and manage apps and software to improve the performance of your website. Additionally, it grants you root access and enables you to tailor the back end to your specific requirements.

Conclusion-

After you have gained an understanding of the distinctions between virtual private server (VPS) hosting and shared hosting, it is time to consider which type of hosting is most suitable for your particular circumstances. The expectations that you have for your website will strongly influence the web hosting plan that you choose. Hosting on a virtual private server (VPS) gives you access to benefits that shared hosting cannot supply. On the other hand, there are advantages to both of the hosting solutions.

Janet Watson

MyResellerHome MyResellerhome.com We offer experienced web hosting services that are customized to your specific requirements. Facebook Twitter YouTube Instagram

#best vps hosting #sharedhosting #webhosting

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honestlywildepoch · 2 days ago

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DCM Format Viewer: Nandico’s Smart Solution for Seamless Medical Image Access Effortless DICOM Viewing Anytime, Anywhere – Powered by Nandico

In modern diagnostic healthcare, digital imaging plays a central role in detecting and treating diseases. One of the most commonly used formats for storing and transmitting medical images is the DCM format, which follows the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine) standard. To view these specialized files, a reliable DCM format viewer is essential—and Nandico offers a powerful, cloud-based solution that simplifies image viewing for radiologists, physicians, and medical facilities across the globe.

What is a DCM Format Viewer?

A DCM format viewer is a software tool or application that allows users to open, view, analyze, and interpret DICOM (.dcm) files generated by imaging modalities such as CT scans, MRIs, PET scans, X-rays, and ultrasounds. These files contain not just image data, but also patient details, scan parameters, and diagnostic notes—all bundled into a single format.

Given the technical nature of DICOM files, general image viewers or standard media software cannot open them. That’s where specialized viewers like Nandico’s DCM format viewer come in, offering medical-grade visualization tools with advanced diagnostic features.

Why a High-Quality DCM Format Viewer is Essential

Hospitals and diagnostic centers rely heavily on accurate and real-time access to imaging data. A poor-quality viewer can delay diagnoses, reduce accuracy, or complicate collaboration between medical professionals. On the other hand, a robust DCM format viewer can:

Improve diagnostic accuracy

Reduce report turnaround time

Enable remote image access

Support 3D rendering and measurements

Ensure compatibility with PACS/RIS systems

Nandico’s viewer combines all these features into a secure, fast, and easy-to-use platform.

Nandico’s DCM Format Viewer: Key Features

Nandico offers an advanced DCM format viewer built for the modern radiology environment. Whether you are working from a desktop, tablet, or mobile device, Nandico ensures seamless DICOM access with no need for software installation.

1. Web-Based, Zero-Footprint Viewer

Nandico’s viewer is browser-based, meaning you don’t need to download any application. Simply log in to your secure account and start viewing DICOM files from any internet-connected device. This is ideal for remote consultations and teleradiology.

2. Multi-Modality Support

Whether you're reviewing CT, MRI, X-ray, mammography, or ultrasound files, Nandico’s viewer handles all DICOM modalities smoothly. The unified interface supports 2D and 3D viewing with scroll, zoom, pan, and rotate functionalities.

3. Real-Time Collaboration

Nandico enables multiple users to access and review the same DICOM files simultaneously. Physicians and radiologists can consult, annotate, and comment on the same image in real-time—boosting speed and accuracy in decision-making.

4. Advanced Visualization Tools

With Nandico’s DCM format viewer, users can access:

Window leveling and contrast adjustment

Multiplanar reconstruction (MPR)

Measurement tools (length, angle, area)

Series comparison and cine loop playback

Annotation and tagging features

These tools assist radiologists in precise diagnosis and reporting.

5. Secure Cloud Integration

All DICOM data uploaded to the viewer is stored securely on Nandico’s cloud infrastructure. With end-to-end encryption, user authentication, and compliance with HIPAA and GDPR standards, Nandico ensures data privacy and integrity.

Benefits of Nandico’s DCM Format Viewer

✅ Anywhere, Anytime Access

Whether you're in a hospital, clinic, or on the move, you can view DICOM images through any browser-enabled device without delays.

✅ Fast Upload and Download

Nandico supports drag-and-drop DCM file uploads and offers optimized file rendering for smooth loading, even with large datasets.

✅ No Technical Expertise Required

The viewer’s user-friendly interface is designed for both radiologists and referring physicians. Even non-technical staff can open and navigate medical images with ease.

✅ Integrates with PACS and HIS

Nandico’s DCM format viewer easily integrates with your existing PACS, RIS, or hospital information system (HIS), ensuring streamlined workflows and centralized data management.

✅ Supports Teleradiology

For Indian and international clients relying on remote radiology services, the viewer acts as a perfect companion, enabling image access from any location for faster reporting.

Who Can Use Nandico’s DCM Format Viewer?

Radiologists: For detailed image analysis and diagnosis

Doctors and Surgeons: To access imaging data before procedures

Clinics and Diagnostic Labs: For faster report generation and consultation

Medical Students: For educational purposes and case study analysis

Teleradiology Providers: For global service delivery and interpretation

Nandico vs. Other DCM Viewers

FeatureNandicoTraditional ViewersWeb-based access✅ Yes❌ LimitedCloud storage✅ Included❌ Often missingReal-time sharing✅ Built-in❌ Needs third-party toolsMulti-device compatibility✅ Full support❌ Mostly desktop onlyAI Integration✅ Supported❌ RareCompliance✅ HIPAA/GDPR❌ Not guaranteed

Future of Medical Imaging with DCM Viewers

As medical imaging becomes more digital, cloud-based DCM viewers like Nandico’s will be essential for reducing infrastructure costs, improving diagnostic speed, and supporting cross-border healthcare. The shift from manual CDs and offline software to instant, browser-based access is not just a convenience—it's a necessity for the future of radiology.

Conclusion

If you're looking for a secure, user-friendly, and technologically advanced DCM format viewer, Nandico offers a complete solution that meets clinical, operational, and diagnostic needs. Whether for local use or global teleradiology workflows, Nandico’s platform ensures that medical professionals always have reliable access to patient imaging—anytime, anywhere.

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ditacademy · 2 days ago

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Python vs Other Programming Languages: What Makes It So Popular?

Selecting a programming language says much about your career. Programming is the mother of all things in the digital sphere, from website design to artificial intelligence and automation. Among the plethora, Python stands higher in appreciation, not because of its ease, but for its immense flexibility, community support, and gamut of applications.

Thus, while entering the code world as a beginner or looking to upgrade to an advanced course or certification, Python will still be the most sought-after language. What makes it stand out in comparison to others such as Java, C++, JavaScript, or PHP? Let's delve into why Python is well-known and why it is relevant as of today in the realm of programming.

Python’s Simplicity: A Game Changer for Beginners

The simple syntax is perhaps one of the major reasons why Python has become so popular. Designed in a way that it looks readable and close to English, Python helps a beginner learn some of the fundamentals of programming without being bothered by all these complex structures. Unlike in C++ or Java, you never require all this technical knowledge to go through the creation of your first program.

The Python language is very easy to use, which is why it is taught in every training institute and academy as a first programming language. It works well with the pace of the student and will not judge you for getting a little bit slower in the beginning.

Multipurpose Application of Python

Python is one of the very few languages that finds a place in multiple domains. From web development to software automation, and from data science to artificial intelligence, Python is there for almost every sort of application. Most other languages, by contrast, have a limited scope. PHP, for example, is mostly used in web development, while in the Statistical and Data Science world, R is perhaps the best tool. Python, however, in a way exceeds both.

Companies are increasingly using Python to build scalable applications, perform data analysis, develop AI models, and automate repetitive tasks. This has resulted in a steep increase in demand for Python training for both beginner and advanced-level learners.

Supportive Community and Open Source Libraries

Python has a vast international community spread all over the globe, with active participation in its further development. If you hit a roadblock while learning or coding, chances are that someone has already dealt with it. Numerous forums, documentation, and educational platforms about Python exist, which ease the learning journey far better than with some less fortunate language.

It also provides a huge ecosystem of open-source libraries and frameworks like Django, Flask, Pandas, NumPy, TensorFlow, etc. These libraries reduce development time significantly and empower a developer to do peculiar stuff such as machine learning, web development, and data visualization.

Conducive for Academics and Career Advancement

Python is not strictly an elite of programmers. It finds widespread application in the academic fields as a main programming language. Consequently, some of the finest institutes and training academies consider Python worth including in their course curricula, offering certification courses from varied levels-a basic level to an advanced level.

Should you be appearing for an interview in an IT company, plan to become a software developer, or become an analyst or researcher, gaining a Python certification from reputed academies will add value to your candidature. Employers look for candidates who have a good background in Python and the relevance it holds in the job market today.

Comparison with Other Languages

Allow us now to establish some of the major points of comparison between Python and other major programming languages:

Python vs Java

Java is for the thinking man; it has been used mostly in enterprise software and Android app developments. Being a very precise and verbose language, it is difficult to learn. In and out of the environment, Python is just very easy to learn and to write. Java usually takes many lines of code to do what Python accomplishes in just a few.

While both are object-oriented and cross-platform in nature, Python trumps simplicity and is highly favored in AI and data science, where quick prototyping comes first.

Python vs C++

C++ is a high-performance language used most by game developers, system software, and applications that require fast execution speed. Unfortunately, it is the most difficult to learn and debug, especially for a beginner.

Python may be fairly well known for producing slower results in comparison to C++, yet it is famous for fairly good readability and productivity, thereby making it a popularly accepted language among startups and research-oriented people who want quick-fix solutions.

Python vs JavaScript

The JavaScript application is mainly front-end web development, whereas Python is more of back-end programming. JavaScript has always been the browser code-transpiling scripting language until server-side languages made their entry into existence through a JavaScript engine, aka Node.js. On the other hand, there remain incidents where Django and Flask are best known for robust scalable web applications in Python.

Moreover, when you are considering machine learning, data science, or automation issues, Python here would be better; there, the JavaScript uses are sparse.

Python vs PHP

PHP has long been used in web development, especially for dynamic websites and CMS platforms like WordPress. However, Python has become the choice of many developers, primarily because of its readability, modern frameworks, and support for APIs, automation, and AI integration.

Secure and maintainable web applications are easier to build nowadays, thanks to Python-based frameworks, compared to its traditional PHP tools.

Demand in the Job Market

Python has been very much sought after in the international job market. From startups to Big Tech names like Google, Facebook, and Netflix, everyone wants Python developers. With such a demand created in the industry, institutes have started offering Python certification courses so that someone can enter or progress into the field.

The best Python academy imparts a practical approach through real-time projects to help you build your portfolio, opening several career paths.

Future-Proof Your Career

Due to the tremendous growth and widespread adoption of Python, this language is surely here to stay. With the development of artificial intelligence, data sciences, cloud computing, automation, etc., Python shall certainly continue its reign to be the most dominant language or even stronger.

Hence, investing time and money in Python-learning through a recognized course or training program definitely is a wise step whether you’re a fresher or already working in the tech domain. Getting certified from a reputed academy will make sure you prove your worth to potential employers along with actually learning the language.

Final Thoughts

The easy-to-learn nature of Python gives it the distinction as the most sought-after language to be learned, especially for beginners. Compared to other languages, Python is easier to learn, offers the best libraries, and gives you somewhat better career choices.

If you are ready to take that first step in your programming career or want to move a step further in programming, then it is suggested that you join a Python training course at a reputed institute or academy. Whether it's for your basic learning or advanced training, Python will take you on the road to success.

#Python course ahmedabad #Python training ahmedabad #Python training institute in Ahmedabad #Python programming for beginners ahmedabad #Best Python course academy ahmedabad #Python course for beginners ahmedabad #Python certification course ahmedabad #Python language course ahmedabad #Advanced Python course ahmedabad #Python learning course ahmedabad #Python institute certification ahmedabad #Python training course ahmedabad

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qudarantitservices · 2 days ago

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Choosing an Enterprise Content Management (ECM) system is a significant decision for any business. It’s not just about managing documents; it's about the entire lifecycle of an organization's content, from creation to secure storage and eventual archiving. The core of this decision often boils down to a fundamental question: Should we invest in an on-premise or a cloud-based solution?

This comprehensive guide breaks down the key differences, benefits, and challenges of each deployment model to help you make the best choice for your organization.

Understanding the Basics: Cloud vs. On-Premise ECM

Before we dive into the details, let's define the two primary deployment models.

On-Premise ECM: In this traditional model, the enterprise content management software is installed and hosted on your company's own physical servers and infrastructure, located within your offices or data center. Your internal IT team is responsible for managing the hardware, software, security, maintenance, and upgrades.

Cloud ECM: This modern solution is hosted on the service provider's servers and accessed over the internet through a web browser or application. Your organization operates on a subscription basis, and the provider is responsible for the hardware, software updates, and overall infrastructure management. This is often referred to as a Software as a Service (SaaS) model.

The Great Debate: A Side-by-Side Comparison

Let's compare the two models across the most critical factors for any business.

1. Cost of Investment and Ownership

On-Premise: This model has a high upfront capital expenditure (CapEx). You'll need to purchase software licenses, servers, storage devices, and networking equipment. There are also significant ongoing operational costs (OpEx) for power, cooling, physical space, and a dedicated IT staff for maintenance and support.

Cloud: Cloud ECM requires a much lower initial investment. Instead of a large upfront cost, you pay a predictable subscription fee (monthly or annually) based on the number of users or the amount of storage you use. This shifts the cost from CapEx to a manageable OpEx, making it easier for businesses to budget.

Verdict: For organizations seeking to avoid large initial outlays and simplify budgeting, a cloud-based ECM system is the more financially agile option.

2. Security and Control

On-Premise: With an on-premise solution, your organization has complete control over security protocols and data location. Your data resides behind your own firewall, and you manage all security measures directly. This is often the preferred choice for industries with strict data residency regulations, such as government, banking, and healthcare.

Cloud: Cloud providers invest heavily in sophisticated security measures, often exceeding what most individual companies can afford. They offer robust encryption, advanced threat detection, and disaster recovery plans. However, you are trusting a third-party vendor with your sensitive data. While reputable providers offer high levels of protection and compliance certifications (like GDPR, HIPAA, and ISO 27001), some organizations may be uncomfortable with relinquishing direct control.

Verdict: On-premise offers maximum control, while a modern cloud ECM provider often offers superior security infrastructure. The better choice depends on your regulatory compliance requirements and your internal comfort level with data ownership.

3. Scalability and Accessibility

On-Premise: Scaling an on-premise system requires a physical hardware upgrade, which can be a costly, time-consuming, and disruptive process. You must forecast your future needs and invest in excess capacity to accommodate growth.

Cloud: Cloud ECM solutions are inherently designed for flexibility and scalability. You can easily add or remove users, storage, and features with a few clicks, paying only for what you use. This agility is a key benefit for rapidly growing businesses or those with seasonal demands. Furthermore, it offers unparalleled accessibility, allowing employees to securely access content from anywhere, on any device with an internet connection.

Verdict: Cloud solutions offer superior flexibility and scalability, making them ideal for modern, distributed, and remote workforces.

4. Maintenance and Upgrades

On-Premise: Your internal IT team is responsible for all maintenance, software updates, and troubleshooting. This can consume significant time and resources, diverting staff from other strategic initiatives. You also have to manually install new features and security patches.

Cloud: The cloud provider handles all maintenance, bug fixes, and automatic software updates. Your ECM system is always running on the latest version with the newest features and security enhancements, all without any disruption to your workflow.

Verdict: Cloud ECM drastically reduces the burden on internal IT resources, allowing your team to focus on core business functions.

The Hybrid Approach: The Best of Both Worlds?

It's important to mention a third option: hybrid ECM. This model combines aspects of both cloud and on-premise solutions. For example, an organization might keep highly sensitive content on-premise for maximum control while leveraging the cloud for content that needs to be accessed by remote employees or external partners. This approach offers great flexibility but can be more complex to manage.

The Final Decision: Which Is Better for Your Business?

There is no one-size-fits-all answer. The "better" choice depends on your specific business needs and content management strategy.

Choose a Cloud-Based ECM System If:

You want lower initial costs and a predictable operational budget.

Your team requires accessibility from multiple locations and devices.

Scalability and flexibility are critical for your business growth.

You want to reduce the burden on your internal IT department.

You are comfortable with a third-party vendor managing your infrastructure.

Choose an On-Premise ECM System If:

Your organization has a significant internal IT infrastructure and expertise.

You operate in a highly regulated industry with strict data sovereignty requirements.

You require absolute control over your hardware and software environment.

You have high-volume, performance-intensive tasks that benefit from a dedicated local network.

Ultimately, the right choice for your enterprise content management services will be the one that aligns with your financial capabilities, long-term business goals, and unique operational requirements.

#security #digitaltransformation #it services #softwaredevelopment #techtrends #information technology #technology #integration #software

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globelisted · 3 days ago

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What Is a SaaS Website? Examples and Quick SEO Tips

A SaaS (Software as a Service) website is more than just a homepage—it's the main sales and marketing engine for cloud-based software. Think of tools like Slack, Notion, or Grammarly. These platforms don’t require installation; users simply sign up and start using the product online.

So, what makes a great SaaS website—and how do you make sure people actually find it?

Let’s break it down.

What Is a SaaS Website?

A SaaS website is designed to explain what the product does, who it’s for, and why someone should use it. It typically includes:

A clear value proposition

Feature highlights

Pricing plans

Call-to-action buttons (e.g., “Start Free Trial”)

Support content like blogs or help centers

The ultimate goal: convert visitors into paying users.

Examples of Top SaaS Websites

1. Notion –

Clean design and targeted messaging make it easy to understand what Notion does.

2. Grammarly –

Strong CTAs, fast-loading pages, and SEO-rich blog content drive conversions.

3. Canva –

Their landing pages target thousands of keywords like “Instagram post templates” or “resume maker.”

These websites are built with user experience and search visibility in mind.

SEO Tips for SaaS Websites

Search engine optimization is key for bringing organic traffic to your SaaS site. Here are some quick wins:

🎯 Target high-intent keywords like “best project management tool for teams.”

🔍 Create comparison pages (e.g., “Notion vs Evernote”)—these often rank well and convert better.

📝 Write product-led blog posts that educate and promote your features.

📱 Optimize for speed and mobile to boost Core Web Vitals.

🔗 Build backlinks through guest posts, case studies, and original research.

Final Thoughts

A strong SaaS website doesn’t just look good—it educates, ranks, and converts. Focus on clear messaging, helpful content, and SEO best practices to stand out in a competitive space.

Want to improve your SaaS site’s traffic and conversion rate? Start with small SEO tweaks—and watch your growth compound.

To read more blogs, visit: https://www.globelisted.com/

#it #software company #devops #software development #saas technology

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awordpressindia · 2 years ago

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Elementor vs Wix Choosing the Right Website Builder for Your Needs

In the ever-evolving world of website development, choosing the right website builder can make a significant difference in your online presence. Elementor Vs Wix are two popular choices, each offering its own set of features and capabilities.

#Best Website Builder #Choosing the Right Website Builder #Customization Options #Elementor Pricing #Elementor Review #Elementor vs. Wix Performance #Elementor vs. Wix Pros and Cons #SEO-Friendly Website Builders #User-Friendly Website Builders #Web Design Software #Website Builder Comparison #Website Builder Features #Website Design Tools #Wix Plans #Wix

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wandamfonseca · 5 days ago

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Webflow SaaS Landing Pages That Convert Fast

The right landing page can make or break your customer acquisition strategy in today's competitive SaaS market. A landing page that is well-designed not only gets people's attention but also gets them to take action. Webflow is a powerful no-code design platform that lets marketers and founders create beautiful SaaS product landing pages that get great results without needing a lot of help from developers. This article goes into detail about how to make Webflow SaaS landing pages that convert quickly, with useful advice on how to make your website stand out and get the most out of every part of it.

Visit : SalesAI TNC

Why Webflow is the Best Choice for SaaS Product Landing Pages

Webflow is very popular with SaaS companies because it is flexible and easy to use for designing. Webflow is different from other website builders because it gives you a lot of freedom to design while also having strong technical features.

This is why it's the best choice:

No-Code, Full Design Control Webflow makes it easy to make beautiful designs without having to code. It also gives you a lot of options for customizing your designs. Even if you don't know how to code, you can create professional-looking, dynamic landing pages.

Fast Page Load Speeds SaaS companies can't afford to lose visitors because their pages load slowly. Webflow makes sure that everything runs smoothly by optimizing for performance.

Inbuilt SEO Tools Getting a high ranking on search engines is very important for getting leads for SaaS. You can easily add meta tags, schema markup, and other on-page SEO elements right from the Webflow interface.

What Makes a SaaS Landing Page That Converts Well

The main goal of a successful SaaS landing page is to get people to sign up. To persuade visitors to take an action, include these essential elements:

A Headline That Grabs Attention

Your headline is the first thing people see when they come to your site. Make it short, convincing, and useful for them. Example: "Unlock Team Productivity with XYZ Software—Collaboration Made Easy."

Call-to-Action (CTA) Above the Fold

Put a clear, irresistible Call-to-Action button ("Start Free Trial," "Get Demo," or "Try Now") above the fold. Use high-contrast colors and action-oriented text to guide visitors toward your goal.

Hero Section That Looks Good

SaaS customers like clean, professional designs and clear value propositions. You can add interactive animations or explainer videos to the top part of Webflow to help users quickly understand the benefits.

Value Proposition Focused on the Customer

Explain how your SaaS product fixes a big problem. Bullet points, before-and-after comparisons, or microcopy can help users quickly see the value of your product.

Trust Signals and Social Proof

Use testimonials, logos from well-known clients, case studies, and statistics to boost your credibility.

Add sliders or rotating blocks to keep the visual flow interesting and highlight customer experiences.

Features That Let Users Interact

Use Webflow's animation and interaction tools to make parts of your site dynamic.

Examples include a live product demo or an actionable carousel that lets users experience your workflow in real-time.

Better Mobile Experience

More than half of all web traffic comes from mobile devices. Webflow makes it easy to design responsive layouts, ensuring your landing page performs on phones and tablets just as well as on desktops.

Tips for Using Webflow to Get Conversions Faster

A/B Test Page Variations

Webflow integrates with tools like Google Optimize, allowing you to test different designs and CTAs to see what converts best.

Use Heatmaps to Gain Insights

Tools like Hotjar show where users are clicking or dropping off. Use this information to reorganize the page and eliminate friction.

Faster Sign-Up Process

Avoid overwhelming visitors with lengthy forms. Stick to the essentials like name, email, and password. Optionally enable one-click Google sign-ups for convenience.

Exit-Intent Popups

With Webflow’s compatibility with tools like Klaviyo, you can create exit-intent popups to offer free guides, discounts, or trials for users about to leave your page.

Successful SaaS Webflow Landing Pages

Many startups have turned to Webflow to create high-performing websites. Below are a few standout examples:

Airtable: Simple and elegant design with short messages that immediately capture interest.

Notion: Leverages dynamic features and emphasizes customer outcomes with bold, interactive elements.

Webflow’s Own Pages: Showcases their own visual tools while maintaining a conversion-focused layout.

In Short

Webflow landing pages are a powerful way to generate leads and turn them into loyal customers. By focusing on clear messaging, user-centric design, and performance optimization, SaaS companies can ensure their landing pages build trust, engage visitors, and achieve high conversions.

#design #web development #web design #business #webflow #aesthetic #template #education #home & lifestyle #saas technology #saas platform

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gpscomputeracademy666 · 5 days ago

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Python course in jaipur

Python Course Overview

Course Offering: GPS Computer Academy provides a Python programming course as part of its software development training portfolio, alongside Java, C, C++, web design, and more gpscomputeracademy.com+8gpscomputeracademy.com+8jaipur.idbf.in+8gpscomputeracademy.com.

Curriculum Highlights:

Covers Basics to Advanced Python, including syntax, data structures, and file handling.

Includes optional modules in web development frameworks like Flask or Django.

Hands-on project work—automation tasks, data science mini-projects, or simple web apps gpscomputer2008.blogspot.com.

Target Audience: Ideal for beginners, BCA/MCA students, or anyone aiming to enter the software development field gpscomputer2008.blogspot.com.

Training Style: Practical-oriented teaching approach, using real-world applications to reinforce skills gpscomputeracademy.com+5gpscomputer2008.blogspot.com+5Medium+5.

Additional Benefits:

Experienced trainers.

Affordable fees.

Completion certification and job assistance gpscomputer2008.blogspot.com.

🏫 GPS Computer Academy — Clinic Info

Address: A-6, Path No. 7 (Vikas/Vidyadhar Nagar), Sikar Rd, Jaipur, Rajasthan 302039 Medium+3gpscomputeracademy01.blogspot.com+3jaipur.idbf.in+3

Phone: 81040 46134 (mentioned in multiple sources) Facebook+2Medium+2Instagram+2

Training Modes: Both online and offline options available gpscomputeracademy01.blogspot.comMedium.

Workshops: Occasionally hosts free digital training workshops—good to check for updates Medium+2Instagram+2gpscomputer2008.blogspot.com+2.

✅ Why Consider This Course?

FeatureBenefitFull Python StackFrom basics to web frameworksProject-BasedReal-world practice for job readinessPlacement SupportHelps transition into the workforceFlexible LearningYou can join online or offline classes

📌 Next Steps

Contact them at 81040 46134 to ask about:

Course start dates and schedule (weekday/weekend slots).

Fee structure.

Online vs. offline batch availability.

Visit the academy in person at the Vidyadhar Nagar center to see the set-up and meet instructors.

Ask about upcoming free workshops—great for testing the teaching style and environment.

Would you like help with anything else—like detailed syllabus comparisons, batch timing recommendations, or reaching out to GPS directly

#accounting #education #graphic design #webdesigning #python #gpscomputeracademy

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braininventoryusa · 9 days ago

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Why Next.js is Dominating Web Development

Let’s be real—speed, performance, and SEO aren’t optional anymore. That’s where we need to hire dedicated Next.js developers. Built on React, it brings server-side rendering, static site generation, and an intuitive dev experience under one roof. For companies looking to build scalable, fast, and search-optimized web apps, Next.js is a no-brainer.

The Rising Demand for Dedicated Next.js Developers in the USA

With digital transformation accelerating post-pandemic, U.S. businesses are scrambling to launch or revamp their web platforms. And guess what? They need specialists. Dedicated Next.js developers are now in high demand for startups, SMBs, and Fortune 500s alike.

What is Next.js?

Key Features and Benefits

Next.js is an open-source React framework that enables features like:

Server-Side Rendering (SSR)

Static Site Generation (SSG)

Built-in routing

Fast refresh1`

API routes

The result? A blazing-fast app that Google loves to rank.

Why Businesses are Choosing Next.js for Web Applications

It's not just a dev trend—Next.js is solving real problems. Better SEO, instant page loads, and a strong developer ecosystem mean companies can launch smarter, faster, and cheaper.

Who are Next.js Developers?

Core Skills and Responsibilities

A good Next.js dev should have:

Deep knowledge of JavaScript/TypeScript

Experience with React, Node.js

Understanding of SSR, SSG, and API Routes

Familiarity with CMSs, databases, and cloud hosting

They write clean code, optimize for speed, and know how to scale web applications.

Frontend vs Full-Stack Next.js Developers

Frontend Developers: Handle UI, animations, and layouts.

Full-Stack Developers: Manage both frontend and backend logic, often integrating databases and APIs.

Benefits of Hiring Dedicated Next.js Developers

Scalability & Performance Optimization

With a dedicated developer, your app is built with performance in mind from day one—no bloated code, no lag.

SEO-Ready Development

Next.js is designed for SEO, but it still takes skill to implement it correctly. A dedicated dev ensures your app ranks higher, loads faster, and converts better.

Fast Deployment and Iteration

Tight deadlines? No problem. Dedicated developers focus solely on your project, getting updates out in days, not weeks.

When Should You Hire a Custom Software Development Company?

Complex Project Requirements

If your project needs more than just a landing page—think dashboards, real-time features, or advanced integrations—you’ll need a full team.

Ongoing Maintenance and Support

Software isn’t “set it and forget it.” A Custom Software Development Company offers ongoing updates, bug fixes, and performance monitoring.

Access to a Full Development Stack

Agencies offer project managers, QA testers, UI/UX designers, and DevOps—all under one roof.

How to Choose the Right Custom Software Development Company in the USA

Experience with Next.js Projects

Make sure the company has live, working examples of Next.js applications they’ve built.

Industry-Specific Expertise

Healthcare, fintech, eCommerce—whatever your niche, choose a team that’s done similar work before.

Client Reviews and Portfolio

Check platforms like Clutch, GoodFirms, or even LinkedIn. Happy clients = trustworthy agency.

In-House vs Dedicated Next.js Developers

Cost Comparison

Hiring in-house means paying salaries, benefits, and overhead. Dedicated developers (especially remote) often come at a fraction of the cost.

Flexibility and Focus

Dedicated devs are laser-focused on your project—no multitasking with other teams.

Communication and Time-Zone Benefits

US-based dedicated developers are aligned with your working hours, making daily standups and real-time updates easy.

Where to Find Top Next.js Developers

Freelance Platforms

Check Upwork, Freelancer, and Toptal for vetted devs. Ideal for short-term projects.

Specialized Dev Agencies

Agencies like Vercel Partners or USA-based software houses provide pre-vetted Next.js experts with full-stack support.

US-Based Tech Hubs

Cities like San Francisco, Austin, New York, and Chicago are hotspots for top-tier Next.js talent.

Cost of Hiring Next.js Developers

Hourly, Monthly & Project-Based Rates

Hourly: $40–$150/hr

Monthly: $6,000–$15,000+

Project-Based: $10,000–$100,000+

Factors That Influence Pricing

Experience level

Project complexity

Agency vs Freelancer

US vs offshore

Budgeting Tips

Start with an MVP

Use agile methodology

Prioritize high-impact features

Interviewing and Vetting Next.js Developers

Must-Ask Technical Questions

How do you implement SSR in Next.js?

Can you explain the difference between getServerSideProps and getStaticProps?

What’s your approach to optimizing performance?

Soft Skills That Matter

Communication

Problem-solving

Accountability

Red Flags to Avoid

Vague answers

No GitHub or portfolio

Unrealistic timelines

Best Practices for Managing Remote Next.js Developers

Communication Tools

Use Slack, Zoom, and Notion for async and real-time updates.

Sprint Planning and Task Management

Stick to 1–2 week sprints using Jira or Trello. Always define clear deliverables.

Code Review and QA Workflow

Use GitHub/GitLab for pull requests

#hire nextjs development company #hire next #hire next.js developers #hire next.js developer #hire dedicated nextjs developer

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galaxyfix · 13 days ago

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🍎 What Is a MacBook? Ultimate Guide for New & Experienced Users

A MacBook is Apple’s premium line of laptops featuring the elegant macOS operating system. Known for their sleek aluminum unibody shells, top-tier performance, and seamless integration with other Apple devices, MacBooks deliver a cohesive and enjoyable user experience.

💻 MacBook Family: Air vs. Pro

MacBook Air

Ultraportable and fanless, it’s ideal for everyday use—web browsing, writing, streaming.

Comes in 13″ and 15″ sizes featuring Apple’s M-series chips (M1, M2, M3, and the latest M4).

Offers long battery life (up to ~18 hours) and weighs just over 2 lbs .

MacBook Pro

Designed for professionals and heavy-duty tasks like video editing, coding, and 3D rendering.

Available in 14″ and 16″ versions, powered by more powerful M4 Pro/Max chips, equipped with high-refresh displays and extensive ports.

Known for exceptional battery life—over 20 hours on some models.

🔧 Why Choose a MacBook Over Typical Laptops?

Tight hardware-software integration Apple designs both the hardware and macOS, delivering optimized performance and efficiency.

Top-notch build quality Premium aluminum construction, backlit Retina displays, immersive trackpads—hallmarks of MacBooks.

Exceptional battery life Apple’s M-series chips offer blazing speed with power efficiency, far outlasting most Windows laptops.

Seamless Apple Ecosystem Apple Pay, Handoff, Continuity Camera—MacBooks work in sync with iPhones and iPads.

Resale value & longevity MacBooks hold value over time, maintain performance well, and receive 5+ years of software updates.

🌐 Which One Is Right for You?

Casual Users & Travelers → Go for MacBook Air (M2/M3/M4), lightweight yet powerful enough for daily tasks.

Creative Pros & Power Users → Opt for MacBook Pro with M4 Pro/Max, ideal for demanding work like editing, music production, and developer tools.

Mixed Platform Users → MacBooks can run Windows via Parallels or Boot Camp, though macOS remains their primary OS .

🛠 Brief Comparison Table

Feature MacBook Air MacBook Pro Performance Everyday to moderate Heavy-duty, pro-level Display Sizes 13″ & 15″ 14″ & 16″ Cooling Fanless Active cooling (fans) Battery Life Up to ~18 hrs 20+ hrs (bigger models) Portability Extremely light (~2.7 lbs) Slightly heavier Best For Students, writers, travelers Creators, developers, professionals

🛒 Worth the Upgrade?

Here’s what recent reviews say:

The M4 MacBook Air offers flagship-like performance with excellent portability and battery efficiency.

The M4 Pro/Max MacBook Pro delivers power that rivals even desktops, ideal for those needing serious processing.

🔍 Final Verdict

Choose a MacBook Air if you prioritize portability, battery life, and general performance. Opt for a MacBook Pro if you're a creative professional demanding serious power and flexibility. Either way, you get elegant design, robust build, and seamless synergy with Apple’s ecosystem.

#Apple #MacBook #Macbook Pro #Macbook Air

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e-commercewebsiteservices · 15 days ago

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Comparing Leading Ecommerce Development Services: Choosing the Right Platform for Your Business

Building an online store involves more than uploading products and connecting a payment gateway. The success of an ecommerce website often hinges on choosing the right development platform. Whether you're a small business owner or a growing brand, selecting the most suitable ecommerce development services is crucial for performance, scalability, and user experience.

This article provides a practical comparison of four leading platforms: Shopify Development Services, WooCommerce Development Services, Wix Website Development Services, and more broadly, the field of ecommerce development services. The goal is to help businesses choose a platform that aligns with their goals, resources, and technical needs.

Understanding Ecommerce Development Services

Ecommerce development services include the technical and design components required to build and maintain an online store. These services typically cover:

Storefront design and layout

Product management system

Payment and shipping integration

Security configurations

Performance optimization

Mobile responsiveness

Backend functionality

Different platforms offer varied capabilities based on how much customization, coding, and third-party support a business may require.

1. Shopify Development Services

Shopify Development Services are ideal for businesses seeking an all-in-one hosted solution with minimal technical complexity. Shopify provides a stable, user-friendly backend and handles hosting, security, and software updates.

Strengths:

Easy setup and intuitive interface

Reliable hosting and fast loading speeds

Access to thousands of apps in the Shopify App Store

Built-in analytics and SEO tools

Secure and scalable for growing businesses

Limitations:

Limited design flexibility without coding

Monthly fees plus additional costs for premium apps

Restricted backend control for complex customization

Shopify Development Services are best suited for brands that want to focus on product and sales rather than backend maintenance.

2. WooCommerce Development Services

WooCommerce Development Services offer a WordPress-based plugin solution. It turns any WordPress website into a fully functional ecommerce store, with open-source flexibility and control.

Strengths:

Full ownership and control over the site

Thousands of plugins for features and functionality

Large developer community

Ideal for content-heavy stores or blogs

Highly customizable with PHP knowledge

Limitations:

Requires hosting, security, and maintenance

Can be resource-heavy and slow without optimization

More suitable for businesses with technical support

For businesses already on WordPress or those requiring tailored solutions, WooCommerce Development Services offer robust options.

3. Wix Website Development Services

Wix Website Development Services cater to entrepreneurs and small business owners who prefer simplicity. Wix uses a drag-and-drop builder with ecommerce modules that require no coding knowledge.

Strengths:

Beginner-friendly editor

Integrated templates and design tools

Built-in marketing and email solutions

All-in-one hosting and domain setup

Limitations:

Less flexible for large-scale stores

Limited backend access and customization

Performance and SEO may not scale with high traffic

Wix Website Development Services are ideal for solo entrepreneurs, artisans, or service providers entering the ecommerce space without prior web development experience.

Choosing the Right Platform Based on Business Needs

Before committing to a platform, consider the following:

Budget: What are you willing to spend on hosting, plugins, and development?

Technical Knowledge: Do you have access to a developer, or will you manage it yourself?

Customization: How much control do you need over the site design and functionality?

Scalability: Will the platform handle a large product catalog or high traffic in the future?

Support: Does the platform offer strong customer or community support?

A startup may find Wix sufficient, while a mid-sized brand with a growing product base may lean toward Shopify. Meanwhile, businesses focused on content marketing or with specific backend needs may find WooCommerce the better fit.

Role of Professional Services in Implementation

Regardless of platform, the setup and ongoing maintenance of an ecommerce store benefit from professional involvement. Tasks like custom design, plugin integration, API development, speed optimization, and user experience testing require technical insight.

Organizations like Webiators offer assistance across platforms, helping businesses select, customize, and manage ecommerce environments that suit their unique needs.

Final Thoughts

Each ecommerce platform comes with its own advantages and constraints. Selecting the right one requires a clear understanding of business objectives, user needs, and available resources.Whether you choose Shopify Development Services for their ease of use, WooCommerce Development Services for their flexibility, or Wix Website Development Services for simplicity, the foundation of your online store depends on thoughtful planning and reliable development support.

#Shopify Development Services #WooCommerce Development Services #Wix Website Development Services

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honestlywildepoch · 9 days ago

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DICOM Viewer: Revolutionizing Medical Imaging with Nandico

In the digital age of healthcare, the ability to access and interpret medical images accurately and efficiently is critical. One of the most essential tools enabling this is the DICOM viewer—a specialized software designed to display medical images generated by radiological devices like X-rays, CT scans, MRIs, and ultrasounds. At Nandico, we offer a robust, cloud-based DICOM viewer built for radiologists, diagnostic centers, and hospitals to ensure fast, secure, and remote image interpretation.

What is a DICOM Viewer?

DICOM stands for Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine, a global standard for handling, storing, transmitting, and viewing medical imaging data. A DICOM viewer is a software tool that allows healthcare professionals to open, view, and analyze DICOM-formatted images.

This tool is vital for radiologists and clinicians to evaluate patient scans, annotate findings, compare images, and make accurate diagnoses.

Nandico’s Cloud-Based DICOM Viewer: Built for Speed and Precision

At Nandico, we’ve developed an advanced zero-footprint DICOM viewer that works entirely on the cloud. There is no need for installation—radiologists and referring physicians can access the viewer securely from any web browser, on any device.

Our viewer is optimized for performance, scalability, and ease of use, making it the ideal solution for:

Teleradiology service providers

Diagnostic chains

Multispecialty hospitals

Independent radiologists

Emergency teleconsultation

Key Features of Nandico’s DICOM Viewer

1. Zero-Footprint Access

No downloads or installations. Just log in through your browser and begin viewing. It works seamlessly across desktops, tablets, and even mobile devices—ideal for remote reporting.

2. Multi-Modality Support

Our DICOM viewer supports all standard imaging modalities including CT, MRI, X-ray, PET, ultrasound, mammography, and angiography.

3. Advanced Image Tools

Nandico’s viewer includes measurement tools, window/level adjustments, 3D reconstruction, MPR (multi-planar reconstruction), zoom, pan, rotation, annotations, and overlays—ensuring complete diagnostic control.

4. AI Integration

We support AI-based pre-analysis of images. Our viewer highlights potential findings using embedded AI tools, helping radiologists detect anomalies faster and more accurately.

5. Customizable Worklists

Filter and organize cases by modality, urgency, referring physician, or patient name. This helps streamline workflow and prioritize critical cases.

6. Seamless PACS Integration

The DICOM viewer is fully integrated with Nandico’s PACS, ensuring quick access to archived studies and prior comparisons within a few clicks.

7. Data Security & Compliance

With HIPAA-compliant architecture, our DICOM viewer ensures end-to-end encryption, secure user authentication, and audit logs—keeping patient data safe and confidential.

Why a DICOM Viewer is Essential for Modern Healthcare

In today’s healthcare environment, manual film-based imaging and CD transfers are outdated. A DICOM viewer offers:

Remote Access to Scans Radiologists can report from anywhere, without waiting for physical media.

Improved Collaboration Multiple clinicians can access the same images simultaneously for joint case discussions.

Faster Diagnosis Speedy access to high-resolution imaging enables quicker treatment decisions.

Better Patient Experience Shorter wait times and instant report delivery enhance trust and satisfaction.

Use Case: Empowering Teleradiology with Nandico’s Viewer

A leading teleradiology company in India implemented Nandico’s cloud DICOM viewer across its network. The results:

40% improvement in reporting turnaround time

Radiologists accessed images on the go, even during night shifts

Technical support needs reduced by 50% due to zero installation

AI-assisted reporting boosted accuracy in chest X-rays and brain CTs

This is just one example of how a robust DICOM viewer can enhance workflows, reduce costs, and ensure top-tier diagnostic services.

Benefits of Using Nandico’s DICOM Viewer

a. For Radiologists

Access images from any device

Compare current and prior scans easily

Save time with AI and structured tools

b. For Hospitals & Diagnostic Centers

Centralized and standardized imaging access

No dependency on physical infrastructure

Reduced delays in reporting and diagnosis

c. For Patients

Fast reporting and result delivery

Secure handling of sensitive medical data

Lower chances of repeat scans or errors

What Makes Nandico Stand Out?

Built for Scalability: Whether you’re a small clinic or a large chain, our DICOM viewer scales with your needs.

Reliable Cloud Performance: Fast load times, even for large CT and MRI studies.

Interoperability: Integrates smoothly with EMRs, RIS, and PACS systems.

Dedicated Support: Our technical team ensures smooth deployment, training, and troubleshooting 24/7.

The Future of DICOM Viewing

As healthcare becomes more digitized, cloud-based DICOM viewers will continue to evolve. Future-ready features like voice-assisted reporting, VR-enabled 3D image viewing, and real-time collaboration tools are already on the horizon.

At Nandico, we are committed to pushing the boundaries of diagnostic innovation—delivering not just a DICOM viewer, but a complete imaging experience that meets the demands of modern medicine.

Conclusion

The DICOM viewer is no longer just a technical tool—it is the central hub of modern radiology. With Nandico’s cloud-based DICOM viewer, radiologists and clinicians can access high-quality images, collaborate in real-time, and report faster, all while ensuring data privacy and operational efficiency.

If your healthcare facility is ready to upgrade its imaging capabilities, Nandico’s DICOM viewer is the perfect solution to modernize your workflow.

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