#a Master of Science in Child Forensic Studies: Psychology and Law and is completing a Ph.D. in Christian Education.

[selfdiscoverymedia]

RGC23-49. Alexandria Johnson on Faith & Children.

Raising Our Gifted Children with Sara Troy and her guest Alexandria Johnson, on air from December 5th My ‘why’ for sharing is grounded in my desire to help others thrive. I believe that through information sharing others are able to be equipped with the tools that they need to thrive in their lives. Alexandria Johnson is from the beautiful islands of The Bahamas. Her experiences throughout her…

[marymosley]

COMPLICATION IN POSTMORTEM FOR HIGHLY DECOMPOSED BODY

Autopsy (autos – self; opis – view) means ‘to see for oneself’. It defines as the detailed examination of both external surfaces and internal contents of a dead body after opening its cavities including further examination, such as histology, biochemistry & toxicology of collected material to determine the cause, mode and manner of death. Postmortem is the external examination of a dead body. A medico-legal autopsy (necropsy) or postmortem examination (necros – dead; opis – view; post – after; mortem – death). It is a scientific examination of a dead body carried out under the laws of the State for the protection of citizens and help in the identification and prosecution of guilty in case of unnatural deaths. (‘Necropsy’ is for non-human animals, which is common in veterinary medicine than human medicine. It is a standard method used by the veterinarians. It is mostly used like an autopsy to determine the cause of death).

In India, the postmortem and medico-legal examinations are carried out by the government medical officers who have undergone specialized training or experience in forensic medicine (forensic pathology). Generally, autopsy takes two to three hours to complete, except for unnecessary complications. Within 24 hours of death, it is best to perform.

Objectives of a medico-legal autopsy are:

To determine the identity of the person.

To determine:

Cause of death, whether natural or unnatural (suicide, homicide or accident)

Most important in homicide, to collect and document trace evidence, if any left by accused on the victim

To find out the weapon, person or poison responsible for the death

The voluntary activity possible after such trauma in fatal wounding case

To determine the approximate time since death.

In newly born infants case, to determine the question of live birth and viability of the child.

In mutilated, fragmented or skeletal remains case, to determine if they are human; and if human, then probable cause of death and time since death.

To restore the body to the best possible cosmetic appearance before it given to relatives.

In short postmortem examination helps in the criminal justice system to establish the corpus delicti, the modus operandi, and the sequence of events and to locate, collect and preserve clues to link the criminal with the crime, the crime scene and the victim.

Types of Autopsy:

Medical/Clinical/Pathological/Hospital autopsy

Anatomical autopsy

Psychological autopsy

Postmortem examination

Virtual autopsy

Medico-legal autopsy

Medical autopsy– It carried on a patient who dies in a hospital during treatment.

Anatomical autopsy– It is done to study the standard structure of the human body. It is done mostly on unclaimed dead bodies. Anatomist and medical students perform this.

Psychological autopsy – It is performed on alleged cases of suicide to understand the mental condition of the deceased at the time of death. It shows to understand the background of a person, his habits, mental status, personality, character, and relation to others. The source of collection of information is family members, friends, professional colleagues, teachers and physicians.

Postmortem examination –  It is the external examination of surfaces of a corpse by inspection without giving incision for systematic examination. However, body fluids like blood, bile, urine may be collected.

Virtual autopsy – It is examination without compromising the integrity of the body, even without the collection of sample. Due to some reason or disease, the autopsy of the dead body is not possible then with the help of radiological examination, and we can detect the cause of death. (Methods- x-rays, ultrasounds, CT scan, MRI)

Medico-Legal autopsy – The examination of a dead body to rule out or establish wickedness in death. It performs in pursuance of law to ascertain the cause and manner of death and also to determine or rule the evil. The medico-legal autopsy was 1st time introduced in 1302 AD in Italy.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION INVOLVES:

EXTERNAL EXAMINATION: An autopsy starts from the outside of the body and works inward. Therefore, an external examination is the first step. When a body received, firstly photographed by the investigator. Examiner looks at the outer appearance, including clothes and accessories. Then examiner notes the kinds of clothes and their position and the position on the body before they removed. Then the evidence such as a residue, flakes of paints or other material is collected from the external surface of the body for examination. Ultraviolet light is used to search for any evidence which is not easily visible to the naked eyes on the body surfaces. Sample of hair, nails are takes and radio graphed image is taken of the body. After collecting external evidence body is undressed and wounds are examined if present. The body is cleaned, weighed and measured in preparation for internal examination. General description of body like age, sex, race, hair color & length, eye color & other features (birthmarks, old scar tissues, moles, tattoos, etc.) is then made. A handheld voice recorder or a standard examination form is used to record this information.

INTERNAL EXAMINATION: If the cause of death is not revealed by the naked eye, the medical officer take appropriate specimens for histology and culture. The major cavities of the body, viz. skull, thorax and abdomen, should me opened and examined. Incisions must be done to open these cavities.

SKIN INCISIONS –

The “I”-shaped incision, extends from the chin straight down to the symphysis pubis, passing either to the left or right of the umbilicus.

“Y”-shaped incision begins at a point close to the acromial process, and the extension upto breast and across to the xiphoid process. And this incision is similarly made on the opposite side of the body. The incision is carried downwards to the symphysis from the xiphoid process.

Modified “Y”-shaped incision: Incision made in the middle from the suprasternal notch to the symphysis pubis. It extends over the clavicle to its center on both sides and it passes upwards over the neck behind the ear.

For the removal of organs two techniques the Virchow technique (removing each organ individually) or the Rokitansky technique (all the organs are removed once) are used. The organs are weighed to detect the certain illness and blood samples are also taken for investigations. Tissue pieces of each organ are bieng examined under microscope. Contents of stomach are also examined as it indicates the time of death.

Complications during postmortem:

Identity of the body is not possible in highly decomposed body due to decomposition of identifying features (face is decomposed or damaged by the animals, scars, clothes, tattoo marks, etc.). Sex cannot be determined as the lower limb or part of the body ii lost by the attacks of animals (e.g. rats, dogs, jackals, and birds, such as vulture) when body is exposed in an open. Once the skin is peeled off due to decomposition it very difficult to ascertain decomposition it is very difficult to ascertain the time since death and cause of death. Because injuries get obscured by enzymes and body fluid composition changes very much. In highly decomposed body, body fluids get decomposed. Sometimes DNA analysis is failed as proper bones are not present as it is dispersed by the animals. Sometimes it is difficult to extract DNA from bone marrow as insect larvae are present inside it. Proper intact bone marrow, if it broke then it is not helpful. If the body highly decomposed, the entomological study is difficult as the body tissue will decompose. If in a case trace amount of body tissue is present on bones then, there may be complications as various insects will grow up it will complicate to distinguish the eggs, larva of particular species. In highly decomposed body postmortem changes cannot be seen; therefore, identity, cause of death, the sign of death and time of death cannot establish.

Author: Kimee Hiuna Minj

Bio: Born in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. My educational background includes a Master’s in Forensic Science (Final year) from Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore and graduated in B.Sc. in Zoology. During my master’s I have internship experience in DNA Division from State Forensic Science Laboratory, Junga, Himachal Pradesh and dissertation in “Detection of Metals in Packaged Drinking Water Bottle” by AAS. Highly passionate to learn more knowledge in DNA analysis and Cyber Forensic and willing forward to build career in Crime Investigation.

The post COMPLICATION IN POSTMORTEM FOR HIGHLY DECOMPOSED BODY appeared first on Legal Desire.

COMPLICATION IN POSTMORTEM FOR HIGHLY DECOMPOSED BODY published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[marymosley]

COMPLICATION IN POSTMORTEM FOR HIGHLY DECOMPOSED BODY

Autopsy (autos – self; opis – view) means ‘to see for oneself’. It defines as the detailed examination of both external surfaces and internal contents of a dead body after opening its cavities including further examination, such as histology, biochemistry & toxicology of collected material to determine the cause, mode and manner of death. Postmortem is the external examination of a dead body. A medico-legal autopsy (necropsy) or postmortem examination (necros – dead; opis – view; post – after; mortem – death). It is a scientific examination of a dead body carried out under the laws of the State for the protection of citizens and help in the identification and prosecution of guilty in case of unnatural deaths. (‘Necropsy’ is for non-human animals, which is common in veterinary medicine than human medicine. It is a standard method used by the veterinarians. It is mostly used like an autopsy to determine the cause of death).

In India, the postmortem and medico-legal examinations are carried out by the government medical officers who have undergone specialized training or experience in forensic medicine (forensic pathology). Generally, autopsy takes two to three hours to complete, except for unnecessary complications. Within 24 hours of death, it is best to perform.

Objectives of a medico-legal autopsy are:

To determine the identity of the person.

To determine:

Cause of death, whether natural or unnatural (suicide, homicide or accident)

Most important in homicide, to collect and document trace evidence, if any left by accused on the victim

To find out the weapon, person or poison responsible for the death

The voluntary activity possible after such trauma in fatal wounding case

To determine the approximate time since death.

In newly born infants case, to determine the question of live birth and viability of the child.

In mutilated, fragmented or skeletal remains case, to determine if they are human; and if human, then probable cause of death and time since death.

To restore the body to the best possible cosmetic appearance before it given to relatives.

In short postmortem examination helps in the criminal justice system to establish the corpus delicti, the modus operandi, and the sequence of events and to locate, collect and preserve clues to link the criminal with the crime, the crime scene and the victim.

Types of Autopsy:

Medical/Clinical/Pathological/Hospital autopsy

Anatomical autopsy

Psychological autopsy

Postmortem examination

Virtual autopsy

Medico-legal autopsy

Medical autopsy– It carried on a patient who dies in a hospital during treatment.

Anatomical autopsy– It is done to study the standard structure of the human body. It is done mostly on unclaimed dead bodies. Anatomist and medical students perform this.

Psychological autopsy – It is performed on alleged cases of suicide to understand the mental condition of the deceased at the time of death. It shows to understand the background of a person, his habits, mental status, personality, character, and relation to others. The source of collection of information is family members, friends, professional colleagues, teachers and physicians.

Postmortem examination –  It is the external examination of surfaces of a corpse by inspection without giving incision for systematic examination. However, body fluids like blood, bile, urine may be collected.

Virtual autopsy – It is examination without compromising the integrity of the body, even without the collection of sample. Due to some reason or disease, the autopsy of the dead body is not possible then with the help of radiological examination, and we can detect the cause of death. (Methods- x-rays, ultrasounds, CT scan, MRI)

Medico-Legal autopsy – The examination of a dead body to rule out or establish wickedness in death. It performs in pursuance of law to ascertain the cause and manner of death and also to determine or rule the evil. The medico-legal autopsy was 1st time introduced in 1302 AD in Italy.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION INVOLVES:

EXTERNAL EXAMINATION: An autopsy starts from the outside of the body and works inward. Therefore, an external examination is the first step. When a body received, firstly photographed by the investigator. Examiner looks at the outer appearance, including clothes and accessories. Then examiner notes the kinds of clothes and their position and the position on the body before they removed. Then the evidence such as a residue, flakes of paints or other material is collected from the external surface of the body for examination. Ultraviolet light is used to search for any evidence which is not easily visible to the naked eyes on the body surfaces. Sample of hair, nails are takes and radio graphed image is taken of the body. After collecting external evidence body is undressed and wounds are examined if present. The body is cleaned, weighed and measured in preparation for internal examination. General description of body like age, sex, race, hair color & length, eye color & other features (birthmarks, old scar tissues, moles, tattoos, etc.) is then made. A handheld voice recorder or a standard examination form is used to record this information.

INTERNAL EXAMINATION: If the cause of death is not revealed by the naked eye, the medical officer take appropriate specimens for histology and culture. The major cavities of the body, viz. skull, thorax and abdomen, should me opened and examined. Incisions must be done to open these cavities.

SKIN INCISIONS –

The “I”-shaped incision, extends from the chin straight down to the symphysis pubis, passing either to the left or right of the umbilicus.

“Y”-shaped incision begins at a point close to the acromial process, and the extension upto breast and across to the xiphoid process. And this incision is similarly made on the opposite side of the body. The incision is carried downwards to the symphysis from the xiphoid process.

Modified “Y”-shaped incision: Incision made in the middle from the suprasternal notch to the symphysis pubis. It extends over the clavicle to its center on both sides and it passes upwards over the neck behind the ear.

For the removal of organs two techniques the Virchow technique (removing each organ individually) or the Rokitansky technique (all the organs are removed once) are used. The organs are weighed to detect the certain illness and blood samples are also taken for investigations. Tissue pieces of each organ are bieng examined under microscope. Contents of stomach are also examined as it indicates the time of death.

Complications during postmortem:

Identity of the body is not possible in highly decomposed body due to decomposition of identifying features (face is decomposed or damaged by the animals, scars, clothes, tattoo marks, etc.). Sex cannot be determined as the lower limb or part of the body ii lost by the attacks of animals (e.g. rats, dogs, jackals, and birds, such as vulture) when body is exposed in an open. Once the skin is peeled off due to decomposition it very difficult to ascertain decomposition it is very difficult to ascertain the time since death and cause of death. Because injuries get obscured by enzymes and body fluid composition changes very much. In highly decomposed body, body fluids get decomposed. Sometimes DNA analysis is failed as proper bones are not present as it is dispersed by the animals. Sometimes it is difficult to extract DNA from bone marrow as insect larvae are present inside it. Proper intact bone marrow, if it broke then it is not helpful. If the body highly decomposed, the entomological study is difficult as the body tissue will decompose. If in a case trace amount of body tissue is present on bones then, there may be complications as various insects will grow up it will complicate to distinguish the eggs, larva of particular species. In highly decomposed body postmortem changes cannot be seen; therefore, identity, cause of death, the sign of death and time of death cannot establish.

Author: Kimee Hiuna Minj

Bio: Born in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. My educational background includes a Master’s in Forensic Science (Final year) from Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore and graduated in B.Sc. in Zoology. During my master’s I have internship experience in DNA Division from State Forensic Science Laboratory, Junga, Himachal Pradesh and dissertation in “Detection of Metals in Packaged Drinking Water Bottle” by AAS. Highly passionate to learn more knowledge in DNA analysis and Cyber Forensic and willing forward to build career in Crime Investigation.

The post COMPLICATION IN POSTMORTEM FOR HIGHLY DECOMPOSED BODY appeared first on Legal Desire.

COMPLICATION IN POSTMORTEM FOR HIGHLY DECOMPOSED BODY published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[marymosley]

COMPLICATION IN POSTMORTEM FOR HIGHLY DECOMPOSED BODY

Autopsy (autos – self; opis – view) means ‘to see for oneself’. It defines as the detailed examination of both external surfaces and internal contents of a dead body after opening its cavities including further examination, such as histology, biochemistry & toxicology of collected material to determine the cause, mode and manner of death. Postmortem is the external examination of a dead body. A medico-legal autopsy (necropsy) or postmortem examination (necros – dead; opis – view; post – after; mortem – death). It is a scientific examination of a dead body carried out under the laws of the State for the protection of citizens and help in the identification and prosecution of guilty in case of unnatural deaths. (‘Necropsy’ is for non-human animals, which is common in veterinary medicine than human medicine. It is a standard method used by the veterinarians. It is mostly used like an autopsy to determine the cause of death).

In India, the postmortem and medico-legal examinations are carried out by the government medical officers who have undergone specialized training or experience in forensic medicine (forensic pathology). Generally, autopsy takes two to three hours to complete, except for unnecessary complications. Within 24 hours of death, it is best to perform.

Objectives of a medico-legal autopsy are:

To determine the identity of the person.

To determine:

Cause of death, whether natural or unnatural (suicide, homicide or accident)

Most important in homicide, to collect and document trace evidence, if any left by accused on the victim

To find out the weapon, person or poison responsible for the death

The voluntary activity possible after such trauma in fatal wounding case

To determine the approximate time since death.

In newly born infants case, to determine the question of live birth and viability of the child.

In mutilated, fragmented or skeletal remains case, to determine if they are human; and if human, then probable cause of death and time since death.

To restore the body to the best possible cosmetic appearance before it given to relatives.

In short postmortem examination helps in the criminal justice system to establish the corpus delicti, the modus operandi, and the sequence of events and to locate, collect and preserve clues to link the criminal with the crime, the crime scene and the victim.

Types of Autopsy:

Medical/Clinical/Pathological/Hospital autopsy

Anatomical autopsy

Psychological autopsy

Postmortem examination

Virtual autopsy

Medico-legal autopsy

Medical autopsy– It carried on a patient who dies in a hospital during treatment.

Anatomical autopsy– It is done to study the standard structure of the human body. It is done mostly on unclaimed dead bodies. Anatomist and medical students perform this.

Psychological autopsy – It is performed on alleged cases of suicide to understand the mental condition of the deceased at the time of death. It shows to understand the background of a person, his habits, mental status, personality, character, and relation to others. The source of collection of information is family members, friends, professional colleagues, teachers and physicians.

Postmortem examination –  It is the external examination of surfaces of a corpse by inspection without giving incision for systematic examination. However, body fluids like blood, bile, urine may be collected.

Virtual autopsy – It is examination without compromising the integrity of the body, even without the collection of sample. Due to some reason or disease, the autopsy of the dead body is not possible then with the help of radiological examination, and we can detect the cause of death. (Methods- x-rays, ultrasounds, CT scan, MRI)

Medico-Legal autopsy – The examination of a dead body to rule out or establish wickedness in death. It performs in pursuance of law to ascertain the cause and manner of death and also to determine or rule the evil. The medico-legal autopsy was 1st time introduced in 1302 AD in Italy.

PHYSICAL EXAMINATION INVOLVES:

EXTERNAL EXAMINATION: An autopsy starts from the outside of the body and works inward. Therefore, an external examination is the first step. When a body received, firstly photographed by the investigator. Examiner looks at the outer appearance, including clothes and accessories. Then examiner notes the kinds of clothes and their position and the position on the body before they removed. Then the evidence such as a residue, flakes of paints or other material is collected from the external surface of the body for examination. Ultraviolet light is used to search for any evidence which is not easily visible to the naked eyes on the body surfaces. Sample of hair, nails are takes and radio graphed image is taken of the body. After collecting external evidence body is undressed and wounds are examined if present. The body is cleaned, weighed and measured in preparation for internal examination. General description of body like age, sex, race, hair color & length, eye color & other features (birthmarks, old scar tissues, moles, tattoos, etc.) is then made. A handheld voice recorder or a standard examination form is used to record this information.

INTERNAL EXAMINATION: If the cause of death is not revealed by the naked eye, the medical officer take appropriate specimens for histology and culture. The major cavities of the body, viz. skull, thorax and abdomen, should me opened and examined. Incisions must be done to open these cavities.

SKIN INCISIONS –

The “I”-shaped incision, extends from the chin straight down to the symphysis pubis, passing either to the left or right of the umbilicus.

“Y”-shaped incision begins at a point close to the acromial process, and the extension upto breast and across to the xiphoid process. And this incision is similarly made on the opposite side of the body. The incision is carried downwards to the symphysis from the xiphoid process.

Modified “Y”-shaped incision: Incision made in the middle from the suprasternal notch to the symphysis pubis. It extends over the clavicle to its center on both sides and it passes upwards over the neck behind the ear.

For the removal of organs two techniques the Virchow technique (removing each organ individually) or the Rokitansky technique (all the organs are removed once) are used. The organs are weighed to detect the certain illness and blood samples are also taken for investigations. Tissue pieces of each organ are bieng examined under microscope. Contents of stomach are also examined as it indicates the time of death.

Complications during postmortem:

Identity of the body is not possible in highly decomposed body due to decomposition of identifying features (face is decomposed or damaged by the animals, scars, clothes, tattoo marks, etc.). Sex cannot be determined as the lower limb or part of the body ii lost by the attacks of animals (e.g. rats, dogs, jackals, and birds, such as vulture) when body is exposed in an open. Once the skin is peeled off due to decomposition it very difficult to ascertain decomposition it is very difficult to ascertain the time since death and cause of death. Because injuries get obscured by enzymes and body fluid composition changes very much. In highly decomposed body, body fluids get decomposed. Sometimes DNA analysis is failed as proper bones are not present as it is dispersed by the animals. Sometimes it is difficult to extract DNA from bone marrow as insect larvae are present inside it. Proper intact bone marrow, if it broke then it is not helpful. If the body highly decomposed, the entomological study is difficult as the body tissue will decompose. If in a case trace amount of body tissue is present on bones then, there may be complications as various insects will grow up it will complicate to distinguish the eggs, larva of particular species. In highly decomposed body postmortem changes cannot be seen; therefore, identity, cause of death, the sign of death and time of death cannot establish.

Author: Kimee Hiuna Minj

Bio: Born in Gwalior, Madhya Pradesh. My educational background includes a Master’s in Forensic Science (Final year) from Govt. Holkar Science College, Indore and graduated in B.Sc. in Zoology. During my master’s I have internship experience in DNA Division from State Forensic Science Laboratory, Junga, Himachal Pradesh and dissertation in “Detection of Metals in Packaged Drinking Water Bottle” by AAS. Highly passionate to learn more knowledge in DNA analysis and Cyber Forensic and willing forward to build career in Crime Investigation.

The post COMPLICATION IN POSTMORTEM FOR HIGHLY DECOMPOSED BODY appeared first on Legal Desire.

COMPLICATION IN POSTMORTEM FOR HIGHLY DECOMPOSED BODY published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[marymosley]

Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context

Juvenile Delinquency is the demonstration of taking an interest in unlawful conduct as minor, it is a crime committed by kids under the period of 18 years and cannot abide by the law known as Juvenile Delinquency.

It is a combination of two words, Juvenile and Delinquent. The word delinquency has extracted from the Latin word “Delinquere” which intends to leave or to surrender. Age group: Boy child 7 years to 16 years and Girl child 7 years to 18 years. It cannot charge any child lesser than 7 years with a crime, no matter how strong the case. Under section 82 of the Indian Penal Code 1860 (IPC), a child under the age of 7 cannot say to have committed an offence CITATION Ram18 l 16393  (Devgan, 2018).

According to the Juvenile Justice Act 2015, the child between the age group of 16-18 years and commit any heinous crime, it will consider as an adult crime. The treatment for juveniles and adults differs from each other. Juvenile delinquency is a colossal issue in India by which the greater part of the young ruins their lives. Because of adolescent wrongdoing and related issues, youth, their families and suffer multiple consequences. Not only does the issue influence the survivors of the crime; it likewise influences the adolescent reprobate’s family, their future, and the public. The most significant outcome of wrongdoings submitted by adolescents conveys because of financial and mental issues that think about their relatives and the public. Because of the mental issues, now and again adolescents engaged with thefts, assaults, and attacks additionally are noteworthy, with these crimes the adolescents habituate to devour liquor or other drugs. The adolescent who carries out genuine wrongdoings challenges their future to fight apparent maltreatment that has executed against them. This makes them mental despondency and thus reflects to carry out more wrongdoings.

In 2003, out of all the juvenile delinquency 466 cases related to the rape case, in 2013 it has increased the number to 1737. By this, we can infer that juvenile delinquency is exploding. According to the 2016 report, the cases related to kidnapping and abduction committed by children are nearly 1485, out of which 817 cases are because of marriage.

Reasons for Juvenile Delinquency

Family: A reliable example of family risk elements relate to the improvement of reprobate conduct in youngsters. These family hazard factors incorporate an absence of appropriate parental supervision, less surveillance on the child, progressing parental clash, disregard, and misuse like emotional, psychological or physical. Guardians who exhibit an absence of regard for the law and social standards will probably have youngsters who think. At long last, those kids that show the most vulnerable connection to their folks and families are unequivocally similar adolescents who take part in wrong exercises, including reprobate lead.

The misnomer is the child who doesn’t have a home or broken family they commit more crime, but according to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 2016 report out of all juvenile delinquency cases only 3.5% cases are homeless child committed crimes CITATION Kir17 l 1033  (Phogat, 2017).

Lack of Finances: Youthful or grown-up, may prompt an off-base way to improve their budgetary conditions. Adolescents become adolescent delinquents because of the absence of accounts. At the point when they experience poor financial conditions, they take part in an inappropriate exercise. To become rich in a short time, they may begin selling drugs or take things to improve their monetary conditions and to gain maximum pleasure.

Societal: As the kid develops more established, the individual in question goes into the neighbourhood and turns into an individual from the playgroup or companion gathering. That by chance he joins the gathering or the posse that cultivates reprobate mentalities he is additionally liable to turn into a reprobate. Much wrongdoing springs up from the pervasive mentalities in the gatherings inside which the adolescent has quick contacts. That is why it maintained that “delinquency is a product of community forces”

Others: Because of lack of education, we need to get that; it is uncommon that a youngster would have the choice to recognize good and bad.

According to the NCRB report, the child above 16 years nearly 45% have taken their primary education but they have not cleared their matriculation. By this, we can conclude that lack of education is also a reason for juvenile delinquency CITATION Ane19 l 16393  (Bedi, 2019).

Poverty: It is one of the significant purposes behind juvenile delinquency, a huge extent of reprobate youngsters originates from poor homes. It is notwithstanding how not recognized by proficient understudies of adolescent misconduct; the vast majority of delinquents originate from the lower class. They submit their offences as an individual from packs. 

Poverty compels sometimes both of the guardians to be outside the home for a very extensive stretch to gain their everyday bread, to full fill basic needs, hunger. They will neglect the youngsters. Such youngsters may deliberately or unwittingly hold hands with hoodlums and become delinquents. This occurs in slum zones and regions in which most regular workers individuals live.

Preventive Measures

Any juvenile crime, how small or big it is, the child is not the one to blame; it is surrounding there could be many reasons but not the child. When it is not the child, making a strict law will not bring change and will not stop juvenile delinquency. Because it is a social problem.

Adolescent misconduct is one that has drawn the consideration of Indian society too. It realized that the reprobate kid today may end up being an interminable criminal tomorrow. Conversations, discussions, and studies have made at the national and international levels by researchers to search out a viable solution for this issue. I have recommended two strategies to manage this issue: Preventive strategy, and Rehabilitation CITATION Kas l 1033 (Kashishmathur, n.d.).

Juvenile Delinquency is exploding, the number of child house, child court, rehabilitation centre has to increase.

The Borstal home will take children below 15 years, it has to accept children from 15 to 18 years as well because the maximum crime committed by children comes under the age of 15-18 years.

Integration of NGO with Self-Help group and proper Rehabilitation.

In child court, the judges have to take from criminology, sociology, psychology background.

Establishment of Child Advice Centre in Slum areas.

Keep children away from sexual content.

References

Bedi, A. (2019, October 24). The Print. Retrieved from Juveniles Crime: https://ift.tt/2Jik6De

Chatterjee, D. (2018, November 17). Juvenile Delinquency in India – A Legal Analysis – By Debalina Chatterjee. Retrieved from Legal Bites: https://ift.tt/2AmbHNw

Devgan, R. (2018, August 15). IPC Section. Retrieved from Devgan.in: https://ift.tt/3dfqXKu

Kashishmathur. (n.d.). Juvenile Delinquency in India Causes and Prevention. Retrieved from Legal Service India: https://ift.tt/2ZQ890B

Phogat, K. (2017). Juvenile Delinquency in India Causes and Prevention. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 5.

    Author :- Afrozulla Khan Z , Intern at Legal Desire (2020)

He has completed Masters in Criminology & Forensic Science, he is a Certified Cyber Warrior, self-taught Cyber-Crime Investigator, and Researcher.

He has published research and review papers in peer review International Forensic Science Journals. He serves as a Research paper reviewer of the International Journal of Forensic Sciences (IJFSC), and Editorial Board Member for the Journal of Forensic Sciences and Criminal Investigation (JFSCI).

He developed two android applications called “Forensic Science” and “Forensic Science News and Info” and both the apps are available in Google Play Store.

The post Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context appeared first on Legal Desire.

Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[marymosley]

Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context

Juvenile Delinquency is the demonstration of taking an interest in unlawful conduct as minor, it is a crime committed by kids under the period of 18 years and cannot abide by the law known as Juvenile Delinquency.

It is a combination of two words, Juvenile and Delinquent. The word delinquency has extracted from the Latin word “Delinquere” which intends to leave or to surrender. Age group: Boy child 7 years to 16 years and Girl child 7 years to 18 years. It cannot charge any child lesser than 7 years with a crime, no matter how strong the case. Under section 82 of the Indian Penal Code 1860 (IPC), a child under the age of 7 cannot say to have committed an offence CITATION Ram18 l 16393  (Devgan, 2018).

According to the Juvenile Justice Act 2015, the child between the age group of 16-18 years and commit any heinous crime, it will consider as an adult crime. The treatment for juveniles and adults differs from each other. Juvenile delinquency is a colossal issue in India by which the greater part of the young ruins their lives. Because of adolescent wrongdoing and related issues, youth, their families and suffer multiple consequences. Not only does the issue influence the survivors of the crime; it likewise influences the adolescent reprobate’s family, their future, and the public. The most significant outcome of wrongdoings submitted by adolescents conveys because of financial and mental issues that think about their relatives and the public. Because of the mental issues, now and again adolescents engaged with thefts, assaults, and attacks additionally are noteworthy, with these crimes the adolescents habituate to devour liquor or other drugs. The adolescent who carries out genuine wrongdoings challenges their future to fight apparent maltreatment that has executed against them. This makes them mental despondency and thus reflects to carry out more wrongdoings.

In 2003, out of all the juvenile delinquency 466 cases related to the rape case, in 2013 it has increased the number to 1737. By this, we can infer that juvenile delinquency is exploding. According to the 2016 report, the cases related to kidnapping and abduction committed by children are nearly 1485, out of which 817 cases are because of marriage.

Reasons for Juvenile Delinquency

Family: A reliable example of family risk elements relate to the improvement of reprobate conduct in youngsters. These family hazard factors incorporate an absence of appropriate parental supervision, less surveillance on the child, progressing parental clash, disregard, and misuse like emotional, psychological or physical. Guardians who exhibit an absence of regard for the law and social standards will probably have youngsters who think. At long last, those kids that show the most vulnerable connection to their folks and families are unequivocally similar adolescents who take part in wrong exercises, including reprobate lead.

The misnomer is the child who doesn’t have a home or broken family they commit more crime, but according to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 2016 report out of all juvenile delinquency cases only 3.5% cases are homeless child committed crimes CITATION Kir17 l 1033  (Phogat, 2017).

Lack of Finances: Youthful or grown-up, may prompt an off-base way to improve their budgetary conditions. Adolescents become adolescent delinquents because of the absence of accounts. At the point when they experience poor financial conditions, they take part in an inappropriate exercise. To become rich in a short time, they may begin selling drugs or take things to improve their monetary conditions and to gain maximum pleasure.

Societal: As the kid develops more established, the individual in question goes into the neighbourhood and turns into an individual from the playgroup or companion gathering. That by chance he joins the gathering or the posse that cultivates reprobate mentalities he is additionally liable to turn into a reprobate. Much wrongdoing springs up from the pervasive mentalities in the gatherings inside which the adolescent has quick contacts. That is why it maintained that “delinquency is a product of community forces”

Others: Because of lack of education, we need to get that; it is uncommon that a youngster would have the choice to recognize good and bad.

According to the NCRB report, the child above 16 years nearly 45% have taken their primary education but they have not cleared their matriculation. By this, we can conclude that lack of education is also a reason for juvenile delinquency CITATION Ane19 l 16393  (Bedi, 2019).

Poverty: It is one of the significant purposes behind juvenile delinquency, a huge extent of reprobate youngsters originates from poor homes. It is notwithstanding how not recognized by proficient understudies of adolescent misconduct; the vast majority of delinquents originate from the lower class. They submit their offences as an individual from packs. 

Poverty compels sometimes both of the guardians to be outside the home for a very extensive stretch to gain their everyday bread, to full fill basic needs, hunger. They will neglect the youngsters. Such youngsters may deliberately or unwittingly hold hands with hoodlums and become delinquents. This occurs in slum zones and regions in which most regular workers individuals live.

Preventive Measures

Any juvenile crime, how small or big it is, the child is not the one to blame; it is surrounding there could be many reasons but not the child. When it is not the child, making a strict law will not bring change and will not stop juvenile delinquency. Because it is a social problem.

Adolescent misconduct is one that has drawn the consideration of Indian society too. It realized that the reprobate kid today may end up being an interminable criminal tomorrow. Conversations, discussions, and studies have made at the national and international levels by researchers to search out a viable solution for this issue. I have recommended two strategies to manage this issue: Preventive strategy, and Rehabilitation CITATION Kas l 1033 (Kashishmathur, n.d.).

Juvenile Delinquency is exploding, the number of child house, child court, rehabilitation centre has to increase.

The Borstal home will take children below 15 years, it has to accept children from 15 to 18 years as well because the maximum crime committed by children comes under the age of 15-18 years.

Integration of NGO with Self-Help group and proper Rehabilitation.

In child court, the judges have to take from criminology, sociology, psychology background.

Establishment of Child Advice Centre in Slum areas.

Keep children away from sexual content.

References

Bedi, A. (2019, October 24). The Print. Retrieved from Juveniles Crime: https://ift.tt/2Jik6De

Chatterjee, D. (2018, November 17). Juvenile Delinquency in India – A Legal Analysis – By Debalina Chatterjee. Retrieved from Legal Bites: https://ift.tt/2AmbHNw

Devgan, R. (2018, August 15). IPC Section. Retrieved from Devgan.in: https://ift.tt/3dfqXKu

Kashishmathur. (n.d.). Juvenile Delinquency in India Causes and Prevention. Retrieved from Legal Service India: https://ift.tt/2ZQ890B

Phogat, K. (2017). Juvenile Delinquency in India Causes and Prevention. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 5.

    Author :- Afrozulla Khan Z , Intern at Legal Desire (2020)

He has completed Masters in Criminology & Forensic Science, he is a Certified Cyber Warrior, self-taught Cyber-Crime Investigator, and Researcher.

He has published research and review papers in peer review International Forensic Science Journals. He serves as a Research paper reviewer of the International Journal of Forensic Sciences (IJFSC), and Editorial Board Member for the Journal of Forensic Sciences and Criminal Investigation (JFSCI).

He developed two android applications called “Forensic Science” and “Forensic Science News and Info” and both the apps are available in Google Play Store.

The post Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context appeared first on Legal Desire.

Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[marymosley]

Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context

Juvenile Delinquency is the demonstration of taking an interest in unlawful conduct as minor, it is a crime committed by kids under the period of 18 years and cannot abide by the law known as Juvenile Delinquency.

It is a combination of two words, Juvenile and Delinquent. The word delinquency has extracted from the Latin word “Delinquere” which intends to leave or to surrender. Age group: Boy child 7 years to 16 years and Girl child 7 years to 18 years. It cannot charge any child lesser than 7 years with a crime, no matter how strong the case. Under section 82 of the Indian Penal Code 1860 (IPC), a child under the age of 7 cannot say to have committed an offence CITATION Ram18 l 16393  (Devgan, 2018).

According to the Juvenile Justice Act 2015, the child between the age group of 16-18 years and commit any heinous crime, it will consider as an adult crime. The treatment for juveniles and adults differs from each other. Juvenile delinquency is a colossal issue in India by which the greater part of the young ruins their lives. Because of adolescent wrongdoing and related issues, youth, their families and suffer multiple consequences. Not only does the issue influence the survivors of the crime; it likewise influences the adolescent reprobate’s family, their future, and the public. The most significant outcome of wrongdoings submitted by adolescents conveys because of financial and mental issues that think about their relatives and the public. Because of the mental issues, now and again adolescents engaged with thefts, assaults, and attacks additionally are noteworthy, with these crimes the adolescents habituate to devour liquor or other drugs. The adolescent who carries out genuine wrongdoings challenges their future to fight apparent maltreatment that has executed against them. This makes them mental despondency and thus reflects to carry out more wrongdoings.

In 2003, out of all the juvenile delinquency 466 cases related to the rape case, in 2013 it has increased the number to 1737. By this, we can infer that juvenile delinquency is exploding. According to the 2016 report, the cases related to kidnapping and abduction committed by children are nearly 1485, out of which 817 cases are because of marriage.

Reasons for Juvenile Delinquency

Family: A reliable example of family risk elements relate to the improvement of reprobate conduct in youngsters. These family hazard factors incorporate an absence of appropriate parental supervision, less surveillance on the child, progressing parental clash, disregard, and misuse like emotional, psychological or physical. Guardians who exhibit an absence of regard for the law and social standards will probably have youngsters who think. At long last, those kids that show the most vulnerable connection to their folks and families are unequivocally similar adolescents who take part in wrong exercises, including reprobate lead.

The misnomer is the child who doesn’t have a home or broken family they commit more crime, but according to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 2016 report out of all juvenile delinquency cases only 3.5% cases are homeless child committed crimes CITATION Kir17 l 1033  (Phogat, 2017).

Lack of Finances: Youthful or grown-up, may prompt an off-base way to improve their budgetary conditions. Adolescents become adolescent delinquents because of the absence of accounts. At the point when they experience poor financial conditions, they take part in an inappropriate exercise. To become rich in a short time, they may begin selling drugs or take things to improve their monetary conditions and to gain maximum pleasure.

Societal: As the kid develops more established, the individual in question goes into the neighbourhood and turns into an individual from the playgroup or companion gathering. That by chance he joins the gathering or the posse that cultivates reprobate mentalities he is additionally liable to turn into a reprobate. Much wrongdoing springs up from the pervasive mentalities in the gatherings inside which the adolescent has quick contacts. That is why it maintained that “delinquency is a product of community forces”

Others: Because of lack of education, we need to get that; it is uncommon that a youngster would have the choice to recognize good and bad.

According to the NCRB report, the child above 16 years nearly 45% have taken their primary education but they have not cleared their matriculation. By this, we can conclude that lack of education is also a reason for juvenile delinquency CITATION Ane19 l 16393  (Bedi, 2019).

Poverty: It is one of the significant purposes behind juvenile delinquency, a huge extent of reprobate youngsters originates from poor homes. It is notwithstanding how not recognized by proficient understudies of adolescent misconduct; the vast majority of delinquents originate from the lower class. They submit their offences as an individual from packs. 

Poverty compels sometimes both of the guardians to be outside the home for a very extensive stretch to gain their everyday bread, to full fill basic needs, hunger. They will neglect the youngsters. Such youngsters may deliberately or unwittingly hold hands with hoodlums and become delinquents. This occurs in slum zones and regions in which most regular workers individuals live.

Preventive Measures

Any juvenile crime, how small or big it is, the child is not the one to blame; it is surrounding there could be many reasons but not the child. When it is not the child, making a strict law will not bring change and will not stop juvenile delinquency. Because it is a social problem.

Adolescent misconduct is one that has drawn the consideration of Indian society too. It realized that the reprobate kid today may end up being an interminable criminal tomorrow. Conversations, discussions, and studies have made at the national and international levels by researchers to search out a viable solution for this issue. I have recommended two strategies to manage this issue: Preventive strategy, and Rehabilitation CITATION Kas l 1033 (Kashishmathur, n.d.).

Juvenile Delinquency is exploding, the number of child house, child court, rehabilitation centre has to increase.

The Borstal home will take children below 15 years, it has to accept children from 15 to 18 years as well because the maximum crime committed by children comes under the age of 15-18 years.

Integration of NGO with Self-Help group and proper Rehabilitation.

In child court, the judges have to take from criminology, sociology, psychology background.

Establishment of Child Advice Centre in Slum areas.

Keep children away from sexual content.

References

Bedi, A. (2019, October 24). The Print. Retrieved from Juveniles Crime: https://ift.tt/2Jik6De

Chatterjee, D. (2018, November 17). Juvenile Delinquency in India – A Legal Analysis – By Debalina Chatterjee. Retrieved from Legal Bites: https://ift.tt/2AmbHNw

Devgan, R. (2018, August 15). IPC Section. Retrieved from Devgan.in: https://ift.tt/3dfqXKu

Kashishmathur. (n.d.). Juvenile Delinquency in India Causes and Prevention. Retrieved from Legal Service India: https://ift.tt/2ZQ890B

Phogat, K. (2017). Juvenile Delinquency in India Causes and Prevention. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 5.

    Author :- Afrozulla Khan Z , Intern at Legal Desire (2020)

He has completed Masters in Criminology & Forensic Science, he is a Certified Cyber Warrior, self-taught Cyber-Crime Investigator, and Researcher.

He has published research and review papers in peer review International Forensic Science Journals. He serves as a Research paper reviewer of the International Journal of Forensic Sciences (IJFSC), and Editorial Board Member for the Journal of Forensic Sciences and Criminal Investigation (JFSCI).

He developed two android applications called “Forensic Science” and “Forensic Science News and Info” and both the apps are available in Google Play Store.

The post Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context appeared first on Legal Desire.

Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[marymosley]

Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context

Juvenile Delinquency is the demonstration of taking an interest in unlawful conduct as minor, it is a crime committed by kids under the period of 18 years and cannot abide by the law known as Juvenile Delinquency.

It is a combination of two words, Juvenile and Delinquent. The word delinquency has extracted from the Latin word “Delinquere” which intends to leave or to surrender. Age group: Boy child 7 years to 16 years and Girl child 7 years to 18 years. It cannot charge any child lesser than 7 years with a crime, no matter how strong the case. Under section 82 of the Indian Penal Code 1860 (IPC), a child under the age of 7 cannot say to have committed an offence CITATION Ram18 l 16393  (Devgan, 2018).

According to the Juvenile Justice Act 2015, the child between the age group of 16-18 years and commit any heinous crime, it will consider as an adult crime. The treatment for juveniles and adults differs from each other. Juvenile delinquency is a colossal issue in India by which the greater part of the young ruins their lives. Because of adolescent wrongdoing and related issues, youth, their families and suffer multiple consequences. Not only does the issue influence the survivors of the crime; it likewise influences the adolescent reprobate’s family, their future, and the public. The most significant outcome of wrongdoings submitted by adolescents conveys because of financial and mental issues that think about their relatives and the public. Because of the mental issues, now and again adolescents engaged with thefts, assaults, and attacks additionally are noteworthy, with these crimes the adolescents habituate to devour liquor or other drugs. The adolescent who carries out genuine wrongdoings challenges their future to fight apparent maltreatment that has executed against them. This makes them mental despondency and thus reflects to carry out more wrongdoings.

In 2003, out of all the juvenile delinquency 466 cases related to the rape case, in 2013 it has increased the number to 1737. By this, we can infer that juvenile delinquency is exploding. According to the 2016 report, the cases related to kidnapping and abduction committed by children are nearly 1485, out of which 817 cases are because of marriage.

Reasons for Juvenile Delinquency

Family: A reliable example of family risk elements relate to the improvement of reprobate conduct in youngsters. These family hazard factors incorporate an absence of appropriate parental supervision, less surveillance on the child, progressing parental clash, disregard, and misuse like emotional, psychological or physical. Guardians who exhibit an absence of regard for the law and social standards will probably have youngsters who think. At long last, those kids that show the most vulnerable connection to their folks and families are unequivocally similar adolescents who take part in wrong exercises, including reprobate lead.

The misnomer is the child who doesn’t have a home or broken family they commit more crime, but according to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 2016 report out of all juvenile delinquency cases only 3.5% cases are homeless child committed crimes CITATION Kir17 l 1033  (Phogat, 2017).

Lack of Finances: Youthful or grown-up, may prompt an off-base way to improve their budgetary conditions. Adolescents become adolescent delinquents because of the absence of accounts. At the point when they experience poor financial conditions, they take part in an inappropriate exercise. To become rich in a short time, they may begin selling drugs or take things to improve their monetary conditions and to gain maximum pleasure.

Societal: As the kid develops more established, the individual in question goes into the neighbourhood and turns into an individual from the playgroup or companion gathering. That by chance he joins the gathering or the posse that cultivates reprobate mentalities he is additionally liable to turn into a reprobate. Much wrongdoing springs up from the pervasive mentalities in the gatherings inside which the adolescent has quick contacts. That is why it maintained that “delinquency is a product of community forces”

Others: Because of lack of education, we need to get that; it is uncommon that a youngster would have the choice to recognize good and bad.

According to the NCRB report, the child above 16 years nearly 45% have taken their primary education but they have not cleared their matriculation. By this, we can conclude that lack of education is also a reason for juvenile delinquency CITATION Ane19 l 16393  (Bedi, 2019).

Poverty: It is one of the significant purposes behind juvenile delinquency, a huge extent of reprobate youngsters originates from poor homes. It is notwithstanding how not recognized by proficient understudies of adolescent misconduct; the vast majority of delinquents originate from the lower class. They submit their offences as an individual from packs. 

Poverty compels sometimes both of the guardians to be outside the home for a very extensive stretch to gain their everyday bread, to full fill basic needs, hunger. They will neglect the youngsters. Such youngsters may deliberately or unwittingly hold hands with hoodlums and become delinquents. This occurs in slum zones and regions in which most regular workers individuals live.

Preventive Measures

Any juvenile crime, how small or big it is, the child is not the one to blame; it is surrounding there could be many reasons but not the child. When it is not the child, making a strict law will not bring change and will not stop juvenile delinquency. Because it is a social problem.

Adolescent misconduct is one that has drawn the consideration of Indian society too. It realized that the reprobate kid today may end up being an interminable criminal tomorrow. Conversations, discussions, and studies have made at the national and international levels by researchers to search out a viable solution for this issue. I have recommended two strategies to manage this issue: Preventive strategy, and Rehabilitation CITATION Kas l 1033 (Kashishmathur, n.d.).

Juvenile Delinquency is exploding, the number of child house, child court, rehabilitation centre has to increase.

The Borstal home will take children below 15 years, it has to accept children from 15 to 18 years as well because the maximum crime committed by children comes under the age of 15-18 years.

Integration of NGO with Self-Help group and proper Rehabilitation.

In child court, the judges have to take from criminology, sociology, psychology background.

Establishment of Child Advice Centre in Slum areas.

Keep children away from sexual content.

References

Bedi, A. (2019, October 24). The Print. Retrieved from Juveniles Crime: https://ift.tt/2Jik6De

Chatterjee, D. (2018, November 17). Juvenile Delinquency in India – A Legal Analysis – By Debalina Chatterjee. Retrieved from Legal Bites: https://ift.tt/2AmbHNw

Devgan, R. (2018, August 15). IPC Section. Retrieved from Devgan.in: https://ift.tt/3dfqXKu

Kashishmathur. (n.d.). Juvenile Delinquency in India Causes and Prevention. Retrieved from Legal Service India: https://ift.tt/2ZQ890B

Phogat, K. (2017). Juvenile Delinquency in India Causes and Prevention. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 5.

    Author :- Afrozulla Khan Z , Intern at Legal Desire (2020)

He has completed Masters in Criminology & Forensic Science, he is a Certified Cyber Warrior, self-taught Cyber-Crime Investigator, and Researcher.

He has published research and review papers in peer review International Forensic Science Journals. He serves as a Research paper reviewer of the International Journal of Forensic Sciences (IJFSC), and Editorial Board Member for the Journal of Forensic Sciences and Criminal Investigation (JFSCI).

He developed two android applications called “Forensic Science” and “Forensic Science News and Info” and both the apps are available in Google Play Store.

The post Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context appeared first on Legal Desire.

Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[marymosley]

Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context

Juvenile Delinquency is the demonstration of taking an interest in unlawful conduct as minor, it is a crime committed by kids under the period of 18 years and cannot abide by the law known as Juvenile Delinquency.

It is a combination of two words, Juvenile and Delinquent. The word delinquency has extracted from the Latin word “Delinquere” which intends to leave or to surrender. Age group: Boy child 7 years to 16 years and Girl child 7 years to 18 years. It cannot charge any child lesser than 7 years with a crime, no matter how strong the case. Under section 82 of the Indian Penal Code 1860 (IPC), a child under the age of 7 cannot say to have committed an offence CITATION Ram18 l 16393  (Devgan, 2018).

According to the Juvenile Justice Act 2015, the child between the age group of 16-18 years and commit any heinous crime, it will consider as an adult crime. The treatment for juveniles and adults differs from each other. Juvenile delinquency is a colossal issue in India by which the greater part of the young ruins their lives. Because of adolescent wrongdoing and related issues, youth, their families and suffer multiple consequences. Not only does the issue influence the survivors of the crime; it likewise influences the adolescent reprobate’s family, their future, and the public. The most significant outcome of wrongdoings submitted by adolescents conveys because of financial and mental issues that think about their relatives and the public. Because of the mental issues, now and again adolescents engaged with thefts, assaults, and attacks additionally are noteworthy, with these crimes the adolescents habituate to devour liquor or other drugs. The adolescent who carries out genuine wrongdoings challenges their future to fight apparent maltreatment that has executed against them. This makes them mental despondency and thus reflects to carry out more wrongdoings.

In 2003, out of all the juvenile delinquency 466 cases related to the rape case, in 2013 it has increased the number to 1737. By this, we can infer that juvenile delinquency is exploding. According to the 2016 report, the cases related to kidnapping and abduction committed by children are nearly 1485, out of which 817 cases are because of marriage.

Reasons for Juvenile Delinquency

Family: A reliable example of family risk elements relate to the improvement of reprobate conduct in youngsters. These family hazard factors incorporate an absence of appropriate parental supervision, less surveillance on the child, progressing parental clash, disregard, and misuse like emotional, psychological or physical. Guardians who exhibit an absence of regard for the law and social standards will probably have youngsters who think. At long last, those kids that show the most vulnerable connection to their folks and families are unequivocally similar adolescents who take part in wrong exercises, including reprobate lead.

The misnomer is the child who doesn’t have a home or broken family they commit more crime, but according to National Crime Records Bureau (NCRB), 2016 report out of all juvenile delinquency cases only 3.5% cases are homeless child committed crimes CITATION Kir17 l 1033  (Phogat, 2017).

Lack of Finances: Youthful or grown-up, may prompt an off-base way to improve their budgetary conditions. Adolescents become adolescent delinquents because of the absence of accounts. At the point when they experience poor financial conditions, they take part in an inappropriate exercise. To become rich in a short time, they may begin selling drugs or take things to improve their monetary conditions and to gain maximum pleasure.

Societal: As the kid develops more established, the individual in question goes into the neighbourhood and turns into an individual from the playgroup or companion gathering. That by chance he joins the gathering or the posse that cultivates reprobate mentalities he is additionally liable to turn into a reprobate. Much wrongdoing springs up from the pervasive mentalities in the gatherings inside which the adolescent has quick contacts. That is why it maintained that “delinquency is a product of community forces”

Others: Because of lack of education, we need to get that; it is uncommon that a youngster would have the choice to recognize good and bad.

According to the NCRB report, the child above 16 years nearly 45% have taken their primary education but they have not cleared their matriculation. By this, we can conclude that lack of education is also a reason for juvenile delinquency CITATION Ane19 l 16393  (Bedi, 2019).

Poverty: It is one of the significant purposes behind juvenile delinquency, a huge extent of reprobate youngsters originates from poor homes. It is notwithstanding how not recognized by proficient understudies of adolescent misconduct; the vast majority of delinquents originate from the lower class. They submit their offences as an individual from packs. 

Poverty compels sometimes both of the guardians to be outside the home for a very extensive stretch to gain their everyday bread, to full fill basic needs, hunger. They will neglect the youngsters. Such youngsters may deliberately or unwittingly hold hands with hoodlums and become delinquents. This occurs in slum zones and regions in which most regular workers individuals live.

Preventive Measures

Any juvenile crime, how small or big it is, the child is not the one to blame; it is surrounding there could be many reasons but not the child. When it is not the child, making a strict law will not bring change and will not stop juvenile delinquency. Because it is a social problem.

Adolescent misconduct is one that has drawn the consideration of Indian society too. It realized that the reprobate kid today may end up being an interminable criminal tomorrow. Conversations, discussions, and studies have made at the national and international levels by researchers to search out a viable solution for this issue. I have recommended two strategies to manage this issue: Preventive strategy, and Rehabilitation CITATION Kas l 1033 (Kashishmathur, n.d.).

Juvenile Delinquency is exploding, the number of child house, child court, rehabilitation centre has to increase.

The Borstal home will take children below 15 years, it has to accept children from 15 to 18 years as well because the maximum crime committed by children comes under the age of 15-18 years.

Integration of NGO with Self-Help group and proper Rehabilitation.

In child court, the judges have to take from criminology, sociology, psychology background.

Establishment of Child Advice Centre in Slum areas.

Keep children away from sexual content.

References

Bedi, A. (2019, October 24). The Print. Retrieved from Juveniles Crime: https://ift.tt/2Jik6De

Chatterjee, D. (2018, November 17). Juvenile Delinquency in India – A Legal Analysis – By Debalina Chatterjee. Retrieved from Legal Bites: https://ift.tt/2AmbHNw

Devgan, R. (2018, August 15). IPC Section. Retrieved from Devgan.in: https://ift.tt/3dfqXKu

Kashishmathur. (n.d.). Juvenile Delinquency in India Causes and Prevention. Retrieved from Legal Service India: https://ift.tt/2ZQ890B

Phogat, K. (2017). Juvenile Delinquency in India Causes and Prevention. Journal of Advances and Scholarly Researches in Allied Education, 5.

    Author :- Afrozulla Khan Z , Intern at Legal Desire (2020)

He has completed Masters in Criminology & Forensic Science, he is a Certified Cyber Warrior, self-taught Cyber-Crime Investigator, and Researcher.

He has published research and review papers in peer review International Forensic Science Journals. He serves as a Research paper reviewer of the International Journal of Forensic Sciences (IJFSC), and Editorial Board Member for the Journal of Forensic Sciences and Criminal Investigation (JFSCI).

He developed two android applications called “Forensic Science” and “Forensic Science News and Info” and both the apps are available in Google Play Store.

The post Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context appeared first on Legal Desire.

Social Factors Leading to Juvenile Delinquency in Indian Context published first on https://immigrationlawyerto.tumblr.com/

[marymosley]

What provokes a person to become a serial killer? Are these factors inborn or are included in their course of life

What is crime?

Tappan (1947) defined the crime as, “crime is as an intentional act in violation of the criminal law which is committed without defense or excuse, and penalized by the state as a criminal offense.” (UKessays, 2018, para.3) There are different types of crimes such as crimes against persons, crimes against property, crime against morality, white-collar crime, and organized crime dividing into offences like murder, thefts, drug-abuse, rapes, child abuse, cyber crime, and smuggling. Most of the crimes are committed in an organized manner.

Who is a criminal?  

Criminal is a person who convicts crime or disobeys the set of laws. Anyone can be a criminal; everyone has their own choice about their future. The factors such as background, derisive childhood, poverty are not the complete causes for leading a scandalous life. Criminal behavior is the act of omission of duty which includes the commission of an unlawful act by an offender that makes it liable to punishment. Research says that criminal behavior is learned and is the intentional behavior to violate the law. To be convicted as a criminal, an individual must have knowledge about what he or she had attempted to do resulting in violation of law. (Helfgott, 2015).

Case Study- John McAvoy was born and raised in a criminal family. His career turned over from a criminal to a well known top class athlete. At the age of 16, he was robbing a security van and he was also caught carrying a gun. After two years, he was at the Old Bailey facing nine counts of armed robbery due to which he was sentenced to a high security prison at Belmarch, London. Then he went through a tragedy where he lost his best friend and that was a turning point in his life when he decided to not to continue being a criminal and worked hard to break records of British and world rowing in prison.  He is now leading a perfect life being a coach, public-speaker, triathlete and also known as ironman. This is an example to state that criminal behavior can transfer a person from violent criminal to opinion leader.

  Who is a Serial Killer?

A serial killer is someone who is been involved in a crime of killing of several numbers of people over a short interval. (US Legal, 2019,para.1). They are pretended to commit crime for motives such as sexual compulsion or even recreation. In some cases, the death of the victims gives the criminals the pleasure of being powerful.  (Keatly et.al,2018). The biological, social, and psychological features operate and interact to shape the developmental trajectories of serial killers. They are considered as the most harmful and obnoxious individual as they are the one who shows irritability, aggression and impulsivity. The nature of the person is unstable and superficial in emotional contact, reacts vigorously and has a low capacity of reasoning.  The psychological characteristics of offences generate an explanation of the different behavior to asset ways to detect, prevent and to eliminate it, and to explore techniques to improve and social recovery for the offender.  (Ioana, 2013).

  What are the motives of serial killers?

·       Visionary motive- insane or psychotic

·       Mission-orientated- they want to cause difficulties for people they consider immoral or unworthy such as prostitutes.

·       Hedonistic- those who derives pleasure from killing

·       Power/Control- want to gain power and control over the victim.

  Serial killer- Nature versus Nurture

According to the research done by Ressler, Burgess, and Douglas (1988), one third of the serial killers moved away from their family in their childhood approximately by the age of 18. It was also evidenced by Alley et al. (2004) that 10% of the serial killers had a head injury at the past which can be considered in terms of biological mediators. A study was done on the relationship between the offender and their family which resulted into having an abusive relationship. (Hickey, 1992; Miller, 2014). Canter, Missen, and Hodge (1996) investigated the backgrounds of serial killer and found most of them were previously involved and convicted of different crimes.

It is observed that most of the signs of becoming a serial killer can be witnessed or adopted during the preschool years. The researchers have also explored that different children have different approaches towards the situation and things they adapt. These differences can also be noticed due to different childhood experiences such as social skills, biological and genetic predispositions and feelings for others. The neurological, biological, mental, emotional and social changes in children plays an important role in the development of an individual and these changes can also influence in a negative way in the emergence of criminal behavior and offence. (Bartol, 2018).  For serial killer both nature and nurture side is important. The natural factors may affect people in order to violence and crime but nurture depends on the parental behavior and abilities towards the children.

   CASE STUDY-1

RICHARD CHASE– an American, who killed six people in one month time period. He was born into a strict family and was abused by his parents. In his teenage, he got addicted to alcohol and made a habit to set fire. Later in his teen, he could not follow a normal sexual function without necrophilic act. Chase showed a sociopathic behavior such as animal cruelty, fire setting and drinking of victim’s blood. He was diagnosed with McDonald Triad followed by paranoid schizophrenia. He used to kill various animal and mix there raw organs with drink which according to him will prevent his heart from shrinking. Later he killed his second victim, had intercourse with her dead body and took bath with the women’s blood. He was then involved in necrophilia and cannibalism with all the victims. His last crime was kidnapping a 6 year old girl, harassed her and killed her. Later drank her blood and ate her organs before disposing the body of the girl. In his case, he might have been affected as in his childhood he was abused at the hands of his mother. (ThoughtCo., 2019). He was putted behind the bars for all his crimes and found dead in his cell as he was mentally tortured by the criminals with him. Also he was disturbed by the gruesome details of his crimes. Whether it was the constant suggestions or just his own tortured mind, Chase managed to collect enough prescribed antidepressants to kill him. In Chase’s case both nature and nurture plays equally important role. (ThoughtCo., 2019)

  References:-

Bartol (2008). The Development of Habitual Criminal Behavior, Criminal Psychology, (pp.224-263).

Canter, Missen, and Hodge (1996) A case for special agent. Policing Today. 2(1), 2

Douglas, J., Burgess, A. W., Burgess, A. G., Ressler, R. K. (1992). Crime classification manual: A standard system for investigating and classifying violent crimes. John Wiley & Sons.

Essays, UK. (November 2018). The Legal Definition Of Crime. Retrieved from https://www.ukessays.com/essays/criminology/legal-definition-of-crime-criminology-essay.php?vref=1

Helfgott J.B. (2015) Criminal behavior and the copycat effect: Literature review and theoretical framework for empirical investigation. ScienceDirect, 22, 46-64. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2015.02.002

Hickey (2014)Serial Murderer and Their Victims. JSTOR Arts & Sciences.21(3), 373-374.doi:https://www-jstororg.ezproxy.tees.ac.uk/stable/2076297?origin=crossref&seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents

Hodgkinson S, Prins H and Bennett J.S. (2017) Mpnsters, madmen… and myths: A critical review of the serial killing literature. Science direct, 34, 282-289. Doi:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1359178916301999

Ioana I.M (2013) No One is Born a Serial Killer!. ScienceDirect. 81, 324-328. Doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.436

Keatley D.A et, al. (2018) Using Behavior Sequence Analysis to Map Serial Killers’ Life Histories. Journal of Interpersonal Violence.doi: https://journals-sagepub-com.ezproxy.tees.ac.uk/doi/full/10.1177/0886260518759655

ThoughtCo (2019) Profile of Richard Chase. Retrieved on:15 April,2020 From: https://www.thoughtco.com/profile-of-serial-killer-richard-chase-973176

US Legal (2019) Serial Killer Law and Legal Definition. Retrieved on:14 April, 2020. From: https://ift.tt/3fnRsPB

 Author :- Vaibhavi , Intern at Legal Desire (2020)

Vaibhavi is an enthusiastic, honest and hardworking graduate who possesses academic knowledge of forensic science with practical exposure with the ability to establish priorities and face challenges in the future. She has completed her Bachelor’s in Forensic science from Galgotias University and currently, pursuing her Masters in Forensic Science with Advanced Practice from Teesside University, United Kingdom. She has gained some experience working on DNA Sequencer, GC-MS, Real-Time PCR, PCR, GC, ICP-OES, the latest version of Microscopes in Biological and Ballistics examination works and other equipment used in the Forensic Science Laboratory during her internship at State Forensic Science Laboratory, Ranchi, Jharkhand. She is also an associate member of The Chartered Society Of Forensic Science. Vaibhavi lives in Middlesbrough, United Kingdom.

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