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pushsyrup7 · 4 years ago

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Rgd Peptide

The Numerous Benefits Of Peptides.

Content

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Can Eating Collagen Quit Skin Ageing?

I would recommend that anabolics aren't noticeable for months however, many will have an extremely similar time course to ostarine, relying on the dosage and also technique of administration. This does highlight the need for many years complete of competitors screening. Checking methods have actually been established as well as reported for these medications, with a number of athletes having examined favorable for Andarine. S.A.R.Ms, or discerning androgen receptor modulators, are a special class of molecules that are being established to treat diseases that are presently being treated with AAS (anabolic-androgenic steroids). Make certain you are totally knowledgeable about what any SARM you intend to utilize can fully provide. Take note of the suggested dosage as well as the duration to use it. Begin with the most affordable possible dosage, and after that slowly increase it if essential.

Hcgenerate is likewise very efficient in boosting the production of testosterone and also can be stacked together with S4 and also LGD. You will be stunned at how much body fat you are mosting likely to lose as soon as you utilize it in mix with consuming in a deficit. There are various methods which body builders can take on a cutting procedure. They can either do it within a more extended period or within a shorter one.

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If you are well-informed about these preparations, you will recognize that the low cost of supplements is a red alarm. Discretion is the major advantage of getting sports supplements on the net. But you should not neglect the speed, convenience, and accessibility to a range of items. As for >> more information of peptides-uk.com Peptides Products plus , you can order them from both Canadian and also international internet sites. The only certified physical suppliers for SARMS are supplement stores throughout Canada. These locations have a good credibility and have been on the marketplace for many years.

Defining principles that influence antimicrobial peptide activity against capsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae - pnas.org

Defining principles that influence antimicrobial peptide activity against capsulated Klebsiella pneumoniae.

Posted: Wed, 21 Oct 2020 07:00:00 GMT [source]

A complete pct, as opposed to a tiny pct with other SARMS, is suggested after a cycle of LGD. While it might not be quite as suppressive as anabolics, the suppression is a lot greater than various other SARMS, thus, needing a complete PCT. The Lingadrol pure bodybuilding SARMs are similar to the Ostarine in regards to activity yet fairly different.

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To me that's how I educate, add this gem with some MK667 (little endurance - more helping the additional hunger not most likely to pure fat). It is not a wonder remedy, yet it will certainly enable you with bad to reduced variance, make gains, as always decrease all outside variables and this thing is incredible.

Fluoroalkylation promotes cytosolic peptide delivery - Science Advances

Fluoroalkylation promotes cytosolic peptide delivery.

Posted: Wed, 12 Aug 2020 07:00:00 GMT [source]

At Phcoker.com we sell many sorts of SARMs online, and all of them are pure, reliable as well as top quality. This way, you have the guarantee that our products will deliver beyond your expectations. All you got to do is order from us, as well as we will certainly ship the products to your area within the shortest time possible. This is because they may be blended with hazardous chemicals because of a lousy production process or quality control. Dishonest manufacturers might also add weak products to the drugs to raise the amount and profits. Mislabelling is another vice frequently done, and also many bodybuilders succumb to it.

General survival is anticipated to be included as a second endpoint, but will likely not be powered or needed to show analytical importance. " It's not actually simply putting on weight that you want, the objective is to add lean muscle mass, and you additionally need renovations in muscle mass function. That's the conundrum," says Julian Gilbert, president of Acacia Pharma, which has a product in stage II testing. Currently, only the progesterone therapy Megestrol is gotten rid of by regulators to deal with cachexia, when associated with HIV.

Short To Ultrashort Peptide Hydrogels For Biomedical Usages.

Stacking is the process where you take many types of SARMs at the very same time to quicken the process of bulking, reducing and also recovery. SARMs are very flexible since you can either make a decision to utilize them on their own or as part of a stack. along with exercise resulted in a 50% mitochondrial growth in the muscular tissues, and also as a result, the cells had the ability to create more energy for this reason reducing tiredness.

What are the side effects of peptides?

Topical creams and ointments containing peptides may cause skin symptoms, such as skin sensitivity, rash, and itching. Individuals should always buy from a reputable company and discontinue use if adverse reactions occur.

One more earlier stage prospect to lately begin the radar is Amgen's AMG 745; although no trials seem ongoing at present the company provides it as a phase I candidate. The medication prevents myostatin, a growth hormonal agent that itself inhibits muscular tissue development. Vicus' VT-122 is an oral mix of propranolol, a non-selective beta adrenergic receptor blocker, and etodolac, a COX2 careful enzyme inhibitor. The firm believes by synergistically targeting multiple paths, cancer-induced systemic swelling can be attentuated and, with any luck, cachexia turned around. A stage II research was begun last December in advanced liver cancer cells patients being treated with Nexavar. The 80-patient research will certainly determine pain, efficiency status as well as lean body mass.

Can Consuming Collagen Quit Skin Ageing?

The body, for that reason, functions as if it is in hunger setting and with this, there is a drastic reduction in the body fat. While lots of steroids in the marketplace might cause bone wastefulness or loss, SARMs will certainly not. They are very selective in their action consequently not most likely to hurt your other tissues.You most likely would not wish to damage your body cells just because you desire others to increase in dimension. That's the reason many individuals that want to boost their performance choose making use of SARMs since they will only alter the tissues that bring about growth in the dimension of bones and muscular tissues. Ostarine or MK-2866 (CAS #) is a research chemical established initially by Merck Inc. and now owned by GTx Inc

LGD-4033is a careful androgen receptor modulator, as well as an unique non-steroidal dental SARM that binds to Androgen Receptors with high affinity and also selectivity. It's in a course ofandrogen receptor ligands that is cells discerning, established to treat muscle wasting connected with cancer, severe as well as persistent illness as well as age-related muscular tissue loss. It is clear to you that all of the above-described activities need significant funds, yet additionally a lot of time as well as job. Low marketing rates are insufficient for producers to return the financial investment.

If the peptide lingers as noticeable fragments, sonication might prove of help as it enhances the price of dissolution.

Most importantly it also offers the possibility to discover formerly unattainable biosuperiors.

As a whole, attempt to dissolve peptides in clean and sterile pure water or sterilized thin down acetic acid (0.1%) solution to offer a stock solution at a higher focus than that required for succeeding usage.

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Super Lotion which is anti-bacterial, making it truly great for oily, spot-prone skin types, along with any kind of slightly extra fungal-type conditions.

If, after sonication, the 'option' has gelled, has a consistent haziness, or has a scum floating externally, the peptide has probably not dissolved yet is simply carefully suspended.

The worldwide peptide therapeutics market is expected to be worth $24 billion by 2020.

In both methods, the main objective is to maintain as much muscular tissue mass as possible. MK-2866 will certainly assist shield your gains since it is a mild SARM and functions well when there is a calorie deficit.

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Simply picture what could occur if you went full-bore as well as were a perfectionist? The only thing I can not do is compare this to roids - they possibly better yet fuck understands that from and also what their variation will do! , however I have a regular order with JW Supps due to the fact that, me being human as well as prone to life, these men aid me with some initiative in the health club, get where I require to be.

It isan outstanding medicine for reducing fat and also stay in shape as a professional athlete. Its daily usage is typically around 10mg for simple healing from severe ailments or pains. This kind of pure SARMs inhibits testosterone that has extra anabolic characteristics than testosterone itself. Individuals utilizing this pure SARMs tends to dose two times a day, but it is not suggested for the initial individuals due to the fact that excess usage might create negative effects. In no question, pure SARMs are splendidly made, and also the item has been verified by physician to reduce muscle or bone pain, mind troubles, hostility, as well as also cancers cells. Don't be amazed that various systems can state a range of functions that this technique supplies. This is due to the fact that; the importance and also benefits to the body system can not be overemphasized.

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As the name recommends, SARMs have the capability to pick the certain receptors they are mosting likely to bind to. This is a significant impact when it comes to remaining healthy and balanced and also feeling your ideal while taking such items. You do not need to accept mayhem as well as negativeness within the mind and body to get the advantages you seek. access peptides-uk Ireland bpc157 how does it work here! is they don't featured a long list of harmful negative effects. It is motivating when you can obtain advantages for your body as well as your mind with SARMs, and not need to be overly worried regarding the unfavorable aspects. Peptides function by making adjustments to the human endocrine system, which includes the pancreas, ovaries, testes, thyroid as well as various other hormonal agent producing glands. Changes to this system can have really significant effects in regards to human development, development as well as reproductive systems.

click here to learn more is made use of off-label in cancer cells clients, as well as functions by boosting appetite. Steroids are additionally utilized, to develop muscle mass, however neither of these treatments promotes effective development of well working muscle-- a large challenge for any type of treatment. The loss of muscle and also fat can weaken a patient to such a degree that the cachexia is the cause of death in several cancer cells patients-- approximately 20% according to some estimates. It likewise leaves individuals less able to combat the underlying condition as well as endure radiation treatment, or other cancer cells eliminating agents, along with increasingly hindering everyday tasks. With PMag the beginning of insane pumps is relatively quick but no such thing was experienced with LGD. I obtained approx 5kg mass (fat+ muscular tissue) on Pmag and also have actually not observed any such body make-up distinction with LGD.

I started taking these as well as I might see gains being made after the very first week. I have tried afew sarms currently as well as saw the best gains on these without a doubt. I do not typically create reviews and also this website does not seem to reward when you do, not an issue, yet I have discovered these evaluations helpful to for my very own ends so wished to share the love. Gents, drop the associates, up the weight and keep the pause traditional but truthful.

. MK-2688 belongs to a class of chemicals known as SARMs or discerning androgen receptor modulators. Contrasted to testosterone, the sex hormonal agent, the benefit of SARMs such as MK-2688 is that they do not have androgenic activity in non-skeletal-muscle cells. MK-2866 is undergoing scientific trials for and might eventually be clinically indicated as well as accepted for prevention of cachexia, atrophy, and also sarcopenia primarily in the elderly as well as unwell populace.

Do humans have antimicrobial peptides?

A wide variety of human proteins and peptides also have antimicrobial activity and play important roles in innate immunity. In this review we discuss three important groups of human antimicrobial peptides. In humans, two classes of defensins can be found: α-defensins and β-defensins.

On issues adverse effects, it is excellent to keep in mind that SARMs come with side effects similar to various other drugs. The SARMs side effects are mild and also will hardly ever affect your day to day activities. To avoid on your own from suffering from extreme side effects ensure that you take the suggested dose with the correct time frame. Among the very best natural supplements that can be made use of together with any kind of SARM to boost gains and recovery is Creatine.

It was uncovered by Yuichito Kanno, and it is one of the most effective SARMs considering that it is very useful in weight loss and obtaining muscles without struggling with severe negative effects like liver damage or high blood pressure. Decrease body fat-If you target at losing body fat, after that SARMs will certainly aid you to burn it in numerous ways. These items stimulate the body to break down the fat cells with the objective of producing energy.

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mexcine · 5 years ago

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Trials of an Okinawan Village (1971) review: This film is known under several English titles: perhaps most prevalent is Trials of an Okinawan Village, but this doesn't seem to be a literal translation of Nippon Jokyȏ-den: Gekitȏ Himeyuri-misaki (note: the Nippon Jokyȏ-den part of the title refers to the series "Tales of Chivalrous Women"), so perhaps Battle at Cape Himeyuri is more accurate. There's not much information available in English (the most complete I’ve found is http://www.weirdwildrealm.com/f-trials-okinawa-village.html) and my Japanese language skills are nonexistent, so I guess we'll never know.

One odd and mildly annoying aspect of the film is its indefinite chronological setting. Although the United States ended its occupation of the main islands of Japan early in the 1950s, it didn't turn over control of Okinawa until 1971 (possibly an inspiration for this film's production). However, the film's script strongly indicates the story is taking place within no more than a decade after the end of World War Two: Junko Fuji and Bunta Sugawara are shown in wartime flashbacks and do not look that much different in the contemporary scenes. Other characters refer to their wartime service, and a teenage girl says she was injured during the war when she was "very young," so a reasonably good guess would be that the film's main action takes place no more than about a decade after the war's end. And yet the clothing, hairstyles, and--most noticeably--the motor vehicles are definitely much newer than that. This was probably a Catch-22 for the filmmakers: the script had Fuji and Sugawara meet in 1945, and it wasn't feasible for them to be 25 years' older for the bulk of the movie, and yet recreating 1955 Okinawa was either too expensive or simply not considered important enough to attempt.

Trials of an Okinawan Village begins with World War Two footage and printed titles which read (in translation): "April 1937; U.S. troops advance on to Okinawan soil." This is clearly erroneous: the battle of Okinawa did begin in April, but it was 1945, not 1937. I don't know if this is a translation error or if the original titles also contained this misinformation. The footage changes to colour, with images of the U.S. flag, airplanes, and military bases; the titles read "Okinawa in state of recovery under U.S. Occupation."

Yuri Yonamine (Junko Fuji) runs a trucking company in post-war Okinawa, taking over from her late parents; she has vowed not to consider herself a "woman" (i.e., not get married or assume a traditional female role) until the company is rebuilt. Yuri and her employees visit a restaurant to celebrate the purchase of a new truck, and clash with yakuza from the "mainland" (according to the titles--this means the main Japanese islands) who are hassling Sachiko, a teenage girl selling flowers. Boss Iwamatsu calls off his thugs. Yuri drives Sachiko--who uses a crutch due to a war injury--to her village the next day; coincidentally, it's the home village of Yuri's late mother. Asada, the mayor, tells Yuri the village is very poor; they've planted sugar cane but had to borrow a large sum of money against the crop.

When Yuri learns a lot of wartime scrap has been unearthed near the village, she sees this as a chance to earn money to retire the debt. However, Iwamatsu's gang has the sole right to sell such scrap to the U.S. government, and is also shipping scrap illegally to Hong Kong. Asada threatens to report the yakuza to the U.S. authorities, but is killed by a hit-and-run driver. The villagers are put to work loading the scrap for Iwamatsu, but a bomb explodes and kills 3 women. Iwamatsu refuses to accept responsibility or pay an indemnity.

Tetsu Nakagami (Bunta Sugawara), a yakuza fleeing from Tokyo police, arrives on Okinawa and discovers his wartime friend Asada is dead. Yuri asks him to delay his revenge on Iwamatsu--whose men clearly murdered Asada--until they earn enough money to pay the dead women's families. Nakagami, stationed on Okinawa during the war, knows where a large cache of artillery shells is stored. As it develops (shown earlier in flashback), Nakagami met the young Yuri (who was serving as a nurse) in a cave during the final battle for Okinawa: he gave her a wristwatch and urged her not to sacrifice herself.

Iwamatsu orders his men, including Okinawa native Iba, to stop Yuri and the villagers at all costs. They blow up a truck loaded with scrap, killing two of Yuri's employees. Iba and Nakagami fight; Yuri convinces Nakagami to spare the other man's life. Iwamatsu's men force the villagers to retrieve the scrap from the hidden cave. However, when they bring Sachiko to the site--intending to rape her--Iba intervenes. He's mortally wounded, but takes the girl to Yuri's office before he dies. Nakagami sets off for the cave site, and Yuri follows.

Nakagami and Yuri wipe out Iwamatsu's entire gang, including the boss (who is savagely hacked to death by a sword-wielding Yuri), but they are then both arrested by U.S military police. Yuri is acquitted but Nakagami is convicted of murder and shot to death by a firing squad.

Junko Fuji, daughter of a film producer, began acting in the early 1960s, and appeared in a number of yakuza films in this era. She had her own yakuza series, "Red Peony Gambler," but retired when she got married in 1972. She came back a decade later and has continued to work to the present day, sometimes under the name "Sumiko Fuji." As Yuri, Fuji repeatedly declares her desire to postpone being a "woman" until her business goals have been reached; nonetheless, she is depicted as caring and responsible, in contrast with the violent Nakagami. At the conclusion, of course, Yuri and Nakagami are pushed too far, and Yuri more than holds up her part of the final battle, firing a rifle, tossing a grenade, and wielding a sword with deadly effectiveness, her face distorted by rage.

The "romance" between Yuri and Nakagami that standard film conventions would seem to demand never progresses, even to the point of a kiss, despite the obvious attraction between the two. [This could be (a) a Japanese cultural convention, (b) a yakuza film convention (this is what Wild Realm Reviews suggests), or (c) something deliberately done by the filmmakers in this particular instance. Western viewers will likely have their expectations confounded, in any case.] As Nakagami is being led away to his execution, a weeping Yuri repeatedly shouts "Don't die!" (the same thing he'd told her in 1945 during the battle for Okinawa), and the film concludes with Yuri honouring Nakagami's memory with a ceremony next to (presumably) his grave marker on an Okinawan cliff.

Nakagami is a "noble yakuza" (a Sixties trend that was largely replaced by more negative, realistic depictions of gangsters in the Seventies, represented by Iwamatsu and his gang here): in one scene he even says his gang "never harmed commoners!" [Presumably meaning non-yakuza; “civilians” might be a better word.] He arrives in Okinawa illegally (fleeing, as we later learn, an unjust accusation from a rival crime family), but has the ulterior motive of visiting the island where he fought during World War II (he later tells Yuri that he came back to find her, although this seems like an afterthought). Iwamatsu asks him to collaborate, but Nakagami demurs (he doesn't refuse outright, and even borrows a car from the gang boss!). When Iwamatsu won't pay an indemnity for the woman killed in his employ, Nakagami prepares to go into action, but Yuri asks him to wait, hoping she can get money for the women's families without violence. She later convinces Nakagami not to kill Iba, an Okinawan native working as a yakuza for Iwamatsu, apparently feeling the man has a good side (possibly just because he's Okinawan--the film makes a point several times of highlighting the differences between Okinawans and Japanese from the "mainland," even including a comedy scene in which one of Nakagami's aides arrives on the island and is perplexed by the Okinawan dialect).

In a somewhat contrived scene, one of Yuri’s men is trapped when a stack of old artillery shells shifts suddenly. One of the shells starts to tick--it’s a delayed action bomb! Fortunately, Nakagami (who was an artillery officer during the war) has the know-how to defuse it. The scene is tense even though the audience knows that Nakagami (and Yuri, who runs back into the building to be with Nakagami and her employee) aren’t going to get blown up with half the film left to go!

Nakagami learns he's free to return to Tokyo (the rival gang admitted their falsehood and cleared him with the police), but he decides to stay on Okinawa, turning over his criminal gang to his assistant. It's implied that he is thinking about marrying Yuri and settling down, but his death puts an end to those plans.

The U.S. presence in Okinawa is overt in several scenes, although the occupation of Okinawa (and thus, its status as an island governed by the Americans rather than Japan) is referenced frequently. Early in the film, Yuri and her assistant Isamu fleece a Military Policeman out of several barrels of much-needed gasoline: the man wagers the fuel against a date (later raising the ante to "and a kiss") with the attractive young woman, but loses a game of cards (Yuri cheats by viewing the reflection of the man's cards in Isamu's belt buckle). Later, Iwamatsu betrays Nakagami's presence to the U.S authorities, and a large group of Military Policemen (with one Japanese-American who acts as translator), arrive at Yuri's house to arrest him. Nakagami hides in Yuri's bedroom, and she distracts the Americans by allowing them to "catch" her with her blouse off. "Wow!" one MP says, but then has the decency to say "Excuse me," and leave.

Nakagami's aide Hide arrives from Tokyo and starts to run when he sees a jeep full of MPs--they hold him at gunpoint (he says "Why am I running? I didn't do anything!") and he babbles about his birthplace, etc., before he's spotted by one of Yuri's men, who takes him to Nakagami. This scene suggests that the residents of Okinawa view the Americans with some trepidation: without recourse to their own system of laws, they're at the mercy of the occupying troops.

At the conclusion, Yuri and Nakagami are arrested by a horde of Military Policemen (who arrive after the one-sided battle is over). A military judge pronounces judgement (curiously he begins speaking in English then switches to Japanese): "Okinawa belongs to America!" Nakagami will be executed. When Yuri protests, the judge says "Take her out!" and has the protesting Yuri dragged away by several MPs.

Trials of an Okinawan Village does not go out of its way to attack the American presence on Okinawa--in none of the previously-noted scenes do the MPs actually do anything illegal or brutal (well, Nakagami is executed but it appears to have been done legally)-- but the film makes it clear that the Okinawans are under military occupation and have few legal rights of their own. The American military is the largest "business" on the island and has a number of exclusive rights, and the native inhabitants have to accommodate these, to their own economic detriment.

Iwamatsu and his yakuza are the overt villains: they have a license from the U.S. to collect scrap, and exploit the Okinawans because of this. However, they're not satisfied with this, illustrating their dishonourable nature by illegally exporting scrap to Hong Kong.

Trials of an Okinawan Village makes good use of location shooting and is generally quite slick and professional. The script does get bogged down a bit in the middle section, as Yuri and Nakagami (and the villagers) keep finding different sources of scrap metal, Iwamatsu and his men keep taking it away, and so on. The performances are all good, although the comic relief provided by Nakagami's aide Hide (who only appears briefly) is somewhat out of place.

Generally entertaining overall, and of additional historical-political interest because of its setting and the depiction of the U.S. occupation of Okinawa.

#japanese cinema #yakuza film #okinawa #american occupation of japan

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truetesto-blog1 · 5 years ago

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hergrim · 6 years ago

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On Michael Livingston's Alternative Location for the Battle of Agincourt

From a recent answer on /r/AskHistorians:

Introduction

For over a hundred and fifty years, the location of the Battle of Agincourt has been known with 100% certainty. The two best, most reliable chronicles - by eyewitnesses, no less - give it a very precise location. That is, in the fields between the villages of Azincourt and Tramecourt. The terrain even matches the description of the battle, with the French being "funneled" from the wider northern end to the narrower center of the field and becoming so compressed as a result that they couldn't use their weapons.

So, the question is, if we know everything there is to know about the Battle of Agincourt and it all matches up perfectly, why has Michael Livingston chosen to dispute these well known facts? After all, he says himself in a recent podcast that he has no desire to go around being contrary about the location of battles just for the sake of it. The answer to this question is that there are actually a number of inconsistencies between primary sources, physical evidence and issues such as the area needed to fight a battle on the scale of Agincourt, and Michael Livingston is not the first to raise some of the problems, which have been slowly gaining attention since the mid-2000s.

With that said, I can't say that I agree with Michael Livingston's interpretation and I think that the traditional location is much closer to where the battle was fought. Livingston does bring up a number of good points, in particular the issue surrounding the length of the English line, and I think these are enough to render the precise traditional location invalid, but I ultimately don't think the bulk of the evidence supports his proposal. But more on this and my own alternative site later. Let's start with where current scholarship agrees the Battle of Agincourt was fought.

The Development of Tradition

By and large, the placement of the Battle of Agincourt between the villages of Azincourt and Tramecourt is down to Jean Le Fevre’s chronicle of the 1460s and the close collaboration or copying by Jean de Waurin at around the same time. They are very specific that the French a) camped between Azincourt and Tramecourt and b) that the battle was fought there the next day. Although Waurin was only 15 at the time and not an active participant, both he and Le Fevre (a herald) had strong connections to the English and Burgundian factions and both were well versed in war. Waurin would even fight less than a decade later at the Battle of Verneuil, which has been described by some as a "second Agincourt".

These two authors, along with Enguerrand de Monstrelet, whose chronicles both authors relied heavily upon, have become the main accounts used to reconstruct the battle, with other sources being used to supplement, rather than inform, the narrative. This is most a result of the clear, non-nonsense style of the authors and the fact that Le Fevre and Waurin, being eyewitnesses and steeped in the military culture of the period, must have been offering their own considerable experience to the mix.

Broadly speaking, the result of this is that the traditional location has been regarded as well established and unambiguous. While there have been minor modifications to how the armies were arranged and the exact place where the English halted their advance (compare J.H. Round to Clifford J. Rogers, this has had no effect on the consensus. And this is where Tim Sutherland and Michael Livingston come in.

The Heretical Archaeologist

In 2002, battlefield archaeologist Tim Sutherland was hired to survey the traditional location of the Battle of Agincourt as part of a Battlefield Detectives documentary on the battle. To his surprise, virtually no medieval artifacts were found in the fields surveyed and no arrowheads at all. Having worked previously on the site of the Battle of Towton, Sutherland expected there to be many arrowheads as well as other medieval finds - buckles, broken pottery, coins, etc. The lack of these, combined with a lack of the alleged mass graves after a 2007 survey, started him thinking seriously about alternative sites for the battle.

His initial proposal was a site to the north, with the French positioning themselves near Ruisseauville and the English taking up position several hundred meters north of Agincourt, with a small valley between them. He drew this conclusion from a combination of the oldest maps placing the battle to the west of Agincourt, a number of chronicles referring to the battle as being close to Agincourt and Ruisseauville, some references to the land the English were standing on being much firmer than the land the French were standing on and his reading of the Gesta Henrici Quinti, which he suggested said that a small valley lay between the two armies on the 25th of October.

The major problem with this interpretation is that the valley between the armies was only a factor in the stalemate of the 24th of October, and it was also equally clearly near Blagny, not Ruisseauville. The Gesta is clear that, as the English made their way up from Blagny and the Ternoise river valley, the detected the arrival of the French army on the other side of this small valley, which runs from Tramecourt to the Ternoise. After a stand off, the French moved off towards the English left (i.e. towards Tramecourt) and the English changed position to remove any chance of their being outflanked.

Subsequently, Sutherland has suggested that the valley in question might have been a small valley to the west of Maisoncelle known as the "Morival" (the "Valley of Death"), based on the Chronique de Normandie's specific statement that the battle was fought in a valley, the attested closeness of a valley in the Gesta and an area known on the 1825 as L'Anglais ("The English") that would be appropriate for an English camp if the French were on the western side of the Morival. This is where Michael Livingston comes into play.

The Accidental Revisionist

As I've noted above, Michael Livingston doesn't mean to suggest that centuries of scholarship about the location of battlefields is wrong, he just ends up doing so when he sees a disconnect between the primary sources and the landscape. Perhaps his most controversial piece of revisionism is his total relocation of the Battle of Crecy several kilometers south east of the traditional location to Domvast, but which was presented along side an incredibly valuable collection of primary sources in both original text and translation.

Michael Livingston's Proposed Site

Understandably, Livingston's article in the Medieval Warfare Magazine is significantly less comprehensive and I'm going to be upfront that there may well be elements that were edited out for reasons of space but which might add more weight to some of his arguments. Nonetheless, for such a short piece of work, Livingston managed to provide a wide array of arguments as to why the Battle of Agincourt couldn't have been fought at the traditional location. What I'm going to do is go through them point by point, summarising them and providing an assessment on how well they stack up.

1) The Traditional Battlefield Is Too Cramped

The argument that Livingston starts his article off with is that, even assuming the lowest number of English (5900) and reducing that by 10% to account for casualties on the march, the English army would be too broad to fit. With 5300 men arranged in ranks four deep, the English line would be 1325 men abreast and, with 1.5m2 needed for each of them to fight effectively, the English line would be a total length of 1987 meters long. Even placing the archers forward at a 45 degree angle, which he has doubts about, the formation would still be 1435 meters from tip to tip and couldn't possibly fit on the traditional site.

This is Livingston's most solid argument. Almost every author has assumed that Tito Livio Frulovisi’s remark that the English were "scarcely four deep" refers only to the men-at-arms and that the English archers were seven or eight ranks deep. This is necessary in order to fit the English into the traditional location, even with the more usual allowance of 90cm per man. The only other author whom I'm aware of placing the archers only 4 deep is Robert Hardy, who maintains that archers can't shoot past each other on flat ground if they're placed more than three or four deep. And, reading the context of the line, where the Frulovisi is comparing the English and French armies, I think that it's clear that the whole of the English army is being referred to here, not just the archers.

With that said, I do disagree with Livingston's interpretation of each soldier needing 1.5m2 of space to fight in. I'm not sure where he sourced this figure and I agree with it, but I believe the evidence points much more towards it the area needed being 1 meter wide and 1.5 meters deep, not 1.5 meters wide and 1 meter deep.

Secondly, the space between ranks is often more important than the space between files. Thomas Digges, for instance, required that every pikeman have only 3 feet of space across their front, but seven feet of space total in front and behind (three in front, three behind, pikeman occupies one). This is also similar to the similar spacing to the three feet by six feet given by Vegetius, Polybius and later Hellensitic authors. Christine de Pizan, although not specifying a spacing, emphasizes that the vanguard of an army, fighting on foot, should "arranged close together, so that one should not pass another". Combined with the iconographic evidence above, this strongly suggests that the men-at-arms at Agincourt would have been fighting in relatively close files, but not necessarily in close ranks.

Firstly, there are a large number of contemporary manuscripts with miniatures depicting quite tight, compact battles where the lance is the primary weapon. Even those where some grappling or fighting with swords, axes or daggers occurs heavily resemble 16th century depictions of pike combat.

As the use of lances by the French is well attested, phrases such as "the first mingling of lances" are used to describe the battle and the English had a long history of fighting with lances while dismounted, both before and after Agincourt, it's most likely both sides were in close order and fighting with either short or long lances and therefore in close order.

2. There's no Archaeological Evidence

Livingston notes the work of Tim Sutherland and rightly suggests that a proper re-examination of the battle site is necessary. I'm in total agreement here.

3. The Oldest Maps Show the Battle Elsewhere

As noted by Sutherland, the Cassini map of the area showed the battle off to the west of Azincourt rather than the traditional location between Azincourt and Tramecourt. Livingston, in conjunction with J. Wesley Snyder III, has found an even earlier map, from the start of the 18th century, by Guillaume de l’Isle that shows the battle in the same location.

The issue with this is whether Cassini copied de l’Isle's location of the battle or arrived at it from his own research. The question is unlikely to ever be answered since, while Cassini undoubtedly had access to de l’Isle, his maps had much greater detail and showed more local features. This might suggest that Cassini had access to local knowledge, but it doesn't prove that he used it. Livingston certainly hasn't put much faith in Cassini before, arguing that he misplaced the Battle of Crecy through either his own misinterpretation or by the misinterpretation of an earlier scholar, so I consider this a very weak argument.

4. The Woods on the English Left Were West of Maisoncelle

Livingston, using the Gesta, recreates a sequence of events where the English and French faced off across the valley to the right of Maisoncelle, shifted position during the afternoon and then moved off to their quarters for the night. As the woods to the English left in this scenario were west of Maisoncelle, the French much have bivouacked there. Azincourt would be too far away in this scenario for the two camps to still be within earshot - as the sources make very clear was the case - so the traditional battlefield can't be where the battle was fought.

This is where we come to the major flaw in Livingston's argument. Livingston's summary of the movements is accurate up to the point where the two armies are facing each other across the valley. The problem is this sentence: "Gesta next describes the two armies jockeying for position, likely gauging the other’s intentions and trying to organize themselves." This completely reverses the order of events given by the Gesta:

In addition to this primary source evidence (the same details are given by other English sources), just looking at the topography makes the sequence of events presented by Livingston unlikely. While the valley is relatively easy to cross close to Tramecourt, this is the area where Henry would likely have tried to keep one flank, in order to prevent the French from crossing easily, so that they would need to deal with steep slopes closer to the Ternoise. And, if Henry didn't manage to get in position to stop an easy crossing close to Tramecourt, the English and Burgundian chroniclers would not have presented the situation as a stalemate where both sides prepared for battle but nothing happened.

When for a while the opposing ranks had seen and considered our measure and smallness of number, they brought themselves to a field that lay beyond a wood, which was near on the left between us and them, where our route towards Calais was. Our king, supposing that the men would thus either encircle the wood, so that they could come upon him via that route, or else would go round through the more distant woods that neighboured it and surround us on every side, immediately removed his columns and positioned them in constant opposition to them.

The author is completely unambiguous. The first movement the two armies made was the French going off to evening quarters to the left of the English position. The English, afraid they were going to be attacked on the flank, then moved position to oppose the French movement. Then, thinking that the French might "go round through the more distant woods that neighboured it and surround us on every side", they re-positioned again to take that possibility into account. This sentence is of particular importance, as the early maps show that the the woods are primarily along the top of the river valley. The cadastral maps similarly show a heavy bias towards woods along the top of the valley rather than closer to the villages, and reinforce my view that there were no significant "more distant woods" that the French could circle around behind to come around the English rear. However, if the English had maintained their initial position then they could reasonably have expected to be cut off if the French went around the woods at Azincourt to come at them from behind.

5. References to More Varied Terrain

As Sutherland noted in his own works, a couple of French sources refer to valleys being involved in the battle or to terrain that isn't as flat as the traditional location. A allegorical poem written soon after the battle says: "The shepherds in that flat place cried out with great, strong and high voices making the deep valleys and high trees resound with such raging that it seemed all would fall into the abyss itself at the sound of the very cry” and, at the end of the battle, "The streams run through the valleys, the rivers run red". The Chronique de Normandie also specifically mentions the battle being fought in a battle. In addition to these references to different terrain, Livingston questions whether the muddy field that formed such a crucial part of the battle could have formed at the traditional location.

I don't put much stock in La Pastoralet offering any significant evidence about the immediate circumstances of the battle due to its allegorical nature. There were what might be poetically "deep valleys" behind and in front of the battlefield, while the rivers running red with blood is a pretty generic and heavily poetic term that I don't believe has to refer to literal rivers or streams playing a role in the battle. As for the Chronique de Normandie, it is the only source to suggest that the battle took place in a valley, in comparison to many other sources heavily implying flat terrain.

The second part, about how the ground where the battle took place could be so muddy if it was as flat as the traditional location, is easy to answer: Thomas Walsingham, the Monk of St-Denis, the Chronique de Ruisseauville and the three Burgundians specify that the ground had only been ploughed and sewn recently. The Monk of St-Denis and the Burgundians add that the French camping on this ground had worsened the situation - the Burgundians in particular blame the exercising of the horses in front of the camp during the night for the quagmire - and the well attested rain the night before completed the mess. Since the area between the Azincourt and Tramecourt is relatively flat, it does not drain as well as the land that slopes back towards Maisoncelle and Blagny, the water would have absolutely saturated the ground and, as recent tests have shown, is in any case far more clingy than most mud.

6. The Road to Calais Doesn't Go Through the Battlefield

This argument is based on the English sources specifically mentioning that the French were camped across the road to Calais. The main road at the time went through Azincourt and then on to Ruisseauville, which means that the French could only be camped across this road if they were west of Maisoncelle and literally camped on this road.

This can be easily countered. Firstly, a minor road did run from Maisoncelle, between Azincourt and Tramecourt, and up to Ruisseauville, where it joined the road to Calais. While the author of the Gesta might have been referring to the main road, he might also have been referring to this one.

Secondly, a number of chroniclers mention the French sleeping at Azincourt and Ruisseauville the night before the battle. In addition to Monstrelet, Waurin and le Fèvre, the Mémoires de Pierre de Fenin (written by a nobleman from the area) and the Chronique de Ruisseauville both specify that the French slept in those villages. As Azincourt and Ruisseauville are both on the main road to Calais, the French would indeed have been camped long the road to Calais and barring the English way.

Thirdly, from a tactical point of view, the English had no choice but to attack the French when they camped between Azincourt and Tramecourt and drew up their lines of battle on the morning of the 25th. Had the English attempted to march around the woods of Azincourt to take the road to Calais, they would have exposed their flank to an attack while they were in order of march. And, even if the French didn’t attack them then, they could still easily re-position themselves to attack the English when they came around Azincourt. That limited Henry to one option alone: attack the French.

7. The Names From the Cadastral Plans are Significant

A final substantial part of Livingston's argument is that the Morival, being the "valley of death", in addition to some other names on the cadastral map, such as "L'Anglais" ("the English"), “La Fosse a Rogne" ("the pit of rotting/the pit of rage") and "La Cloyelle" ("the enclosure") all point towards his new location for the battle.

With regards to these, while "valley of death" certainly sounds like an appropriately named feature of a battle, the others are less useful. "L'Anglais" is only a relatively small area and nowhere near the whole English army could have camped there, so there's no reason to think that the English were concentrated there.

“La Fosse a Rogne" seems to be mistranslated as, according to the late 18th century Nugent's French Dictionary, "rogne" means scurf/scab (skin diseases in particular associated with sheep), which is the main definition in the Dictionnaire du Moyen Français. There is also a definition covering "growl/grumble", as well as one meaning "clippings/cuttings" (especially of coins or nails). The modern informal association with anger may have around in the early 19th century or earlier, but the medieval equivalent "growl/grumble" is rather different from "rage" or "rotting". The term thus almost certainly has nothing to do with the battle or the burial of the bodies afterwards.

Finally, while Livingston notes that "La Cloyelle", which presumably comes from “clayel”/”claiel” and means "the enclosure", right behind where he would place the English men-at-arms and would be where he expects French prisoners to be taken. However, the cadastral maps show it both further north, towards Azincourt and east, towards Tramecourt, as well as the area directly behind when Livingston has place the English men-at-arms. While this may refer to where the battle took place - and I use it in my own argument - it could just as easily be a reference to the fact that the area is "enclosed" by the woods and villages and is spread over too great a distance to support Livingston's argument.

A Revision of Tradition

By now I hope I've demonstrated pretty thoroughly that Livingston's argument doesn't hold much water. However, he does raise one very important point, namely that the traditional site is too small for the English army, that I think allows us to recontextualise some of the primary sources and propose a new site for the battle; still between the villages of Azincourt and Tramecourt, but at the southern end, near Maisoncelle, not at the northern end.

Positions the Night Before the Battle

The change in location that I’m proposing is a relatively modest one, shifting the French a few hundred meters south towards the Maisoncelle end of the field. This is heavily based on Monstrelet, Waurin and le Fèvre’s account of the battle, as they’re the only authors to provide solid geographic information, but a number of other sources support the sequence of events those three provide. Having established that Waurin and le Fèvre’s account of the French camping between Azincourt and Tramecourt is correct, it’s worthwhile looking at their phrasing when they talk about the camp and where the battle was fought. There are two occurrences:

Now we must speak of the French. On the Thursday night, as was said before, they lodged in the field between Agincourt and Tramecourt, where the battle on the next day.

and

The truth was that the French had ordered their battles between two small woods, one close to Agincourt, the other to Tramecourt.

The first quote, on where the French camped, says that they camped on the battlefield, while the second confirms that it was between Azincourt and Tramecourt. The Monk of St-Denis also mentions that the French "had to bivouac in a terrain of considerable extent, newly worked over, and that torrents of rain had flooded and converted into a quagmire", with the later implication that this was ground the marched across to meet the English.

The specification that the French lodged between the woods at the site of the battle has tended to be ignored by authors, with A.H. Burne suggesting that the French camped a little beyond Azincourt, Juliet Barker that the French slept in the villages rather than the field and Christopher Hibbert places them behind the woods of Tramecourt. Anne Curry does acknowledge the French camping between the two towns, but says that their position is hard to place on today’s map.

A large part of the glossing over of Waurin and le Fèvre’s placement of the French almost certainly comes down to the belief that the French started the battle at the northern end of the field and then “funneled” into the narrower section of the battle somewhere near the road between Azincourt and Tramecourt after the English had advanced to there and provoked them. Since the French would have had to have packed up all their tents and chests and moved all their baggage as much as a thousand yards to reach this location if they’d camped in the fields closer to the English, they must therefore have camped beyond the woods, right?

The Gesta’s account of the French moving to “a field that lay beyond a wood” after facing the English across the small valley has added to this interpretation. What most authors ignore, though, is that the Gesta has the French moving off to the nearby “hamlets and shrubbery” once nightfall arrived, which suggests a movement from their position on the distant end of the woods to a more convenient camp.

Additional evidence comes from the multiple references to how close the two armies were camped. Thomas Walsingham wrote that “scarcely 1,000 paces” separated the camps, and Waurin and le Fèvre’s “quarter league” (about 812 meters) is a similar distance. Monstrelet gives the distance as “three bowshots”, which could be anywhere between 200 and 330 meters depending on whether we’re speaking of the “military” bow shot or the “flight” bow shot, and Pierre de Fenin provides a similar distance of 4 bow shots. At the extreme end we have Tito Livio’s “scarcely 250 paces” separating the two camps.

Other chronicles, while not giving distances, do mention that the English could hear the French calling out to one another and that the French were close enough to be disturbed by the quietness of the English. The Gesta talks about the English, still in battle order on the evening of the 24th, listening to the French calling out to each other as they went into their evening quarters, and Monstrelet, Waurin and le Fèvre also mention this tale.

The point of all this is that the French were camped within 1000 paces, most probably within 800 meters, and certainly within distant earshot. With this in mind, they can’t have camped at the far end of the battlefield, as this is about 2000 meters from where the English camped at Maisoncelle. For the French to have camped at the far end of the field and still been within 800 meters of the English, the English would have needed to camp at the southern end of the woods, where the traditional interpretation has them drawing up for battle the next day. This isn’t impossible, as Henry V could simply have camped at Maisoncelle while the bulk of the English camped at the mouth of the woods, but it makes more sense to me for the English to be close to their commanders on the night before such an uncertain battle.

Positions Before the Battle

This in turn changes where the French are positioned at the beginning of the battle. If they camped part way down the field between Azincourt and Tramecourt, then it makes less sense for them to then retreat back to the far edge before they drew up in preparation for the battle. It’s much more likely that they would have advanced their lines beyond their evening camp in preparation for battle. I’ve placed the French vanguard in the area just beyond Tramecourt where there is a slight rise of 130 meters for several reasons. First and foremost, I’m operating under the assumption that the French camp was not significantly beyond the village of Tramecourt and so their vanguard would need to be beyond that point, but not so far as the English couldn’t advance to the woods without hitting the French vanguard.

Secondly, Monstrelet states that Henry sent 200 archers “near Tramecourt, quite close to the rearguard of the French”, while Waurin and le Fèvre, in denying the incident, say that they were allegedly deployed “towards Tramecourt to a meadow close to where the vanguard of the French was positioned." Both of these accounts place either the vanguard or the rearguard near to Tramecourt and, while this could be on the far side of the village in Monstrelet’s version, Waurin and le Fèvre’s version has the archers going towards Tramecourt, not beyond it. This also ties in well with Monstrelet’s account of the English scouts finding no men-at-arms at the village of Agincourt on the morning of the battle and burning a house and barn to try and frighten the French. If the French had been in the traditional location, there still wouldn’t have been any men-at-arms in the village, but burning buildings in front of an army is far less likely to frighten it than burning buildings to their rear and so the attempt would likely not have been made.

Thirdly, there’s some evidence that at least one flank of the battlefield had hedges and thorn bushes or trees. Tito Livio and Pseudo-Elmham mention these on both sides, and the Chronique de Ruisseauville speaks of the French having a hedge of stakes on one side and the woods on another. These are tenuous threads of evidence, as the Gesta, Waurin and le Fèvre in particular don’t mention the hedges or thorn bushes. However, there are two pieces of evidence in favour. Firstly, Tito Livio’s patron, and probably his source for much of his information, was Henry’s brother, Duke Humphrey, who was present at the battle. Secondly, the Napoleonic cadastral maps show two fields west of the area I’ve placed the vanguard that talk about hedges. The furthest is the “end/tip of the hedges”, while the closer is “above the hedges of Azincourt”, which suggests that there were notable hedges east of both fields.

Finally, also based on the Napoleonic maps, the area right in front of where I’ve placed the English was known locally by the early 19th century as “La Cloyelle”. A couple of different etymologies have been suggested, with Anne Curry preferring “clouer” (“to fix/nail”) as the root word and Michael Livinston suggesting the meaning is “enclosure” (presumably from “clayel”/”claiel”), but both are quite appropriate to the position I suggest for the English. If, as Curry suggests, the name derives from the clinging nature of the mud in that area, then it’s more appropriate for it to be there, in front of where I have positioned the English instead of several hundred meters behind them. On the other hand, if Livingston is correct, then this would be a good description of the area “enclosed” by the stakes of the English archers that the French men-at-arms marched into.

The reason why the French chose to position themselves in such a narrow place, which has puzzled even contemporary writers (c.f. the Monk of St-Denis), is in my opinion the result of a deliberate choice rather than sheer incompetence. As many authors over recent decades have pointed out, the French men-at-arms were experienced and good warriors, and even those who were young had seen some fighting, so their choice of terrain is baffling. However, if the plan was to take advantage of the unique terrain and situation they found themselves in and force the English to halve their numbers - as they would need to do if they attacked in a straight line in a line - then this makes sense of their choice.

While the French drew up in the fields between Azincourt and Crecy, Henry V drew his small army up in a single line roughly between the Morival and where the terrain started to drop off towards the valley leading from Tramecourt to the Ternoise. His front covered nearly 1500 meters and was as straight as the terrain allowed. This contradicts previous views of the initial deployment, but I believe that it's very well supported and makes military sense in light of the new French positioning.

From a military standpoint, Henry needed to place his wings very far forward, at an angle of about 45 degrees, if he was to advance in a single battle and this made the vulnerable to attack during their long march forwards (the most distant archers were 400 meters in front of the men-at-arms), and also made them vulnerable to attack from the rear without the traditional forest to protect them. It would be a risky move sending them forwards, and the French might be able to launch an attack that caught him while still deploying.

From the point of view of the sources, there's a lot of support. For starters, the Gesta and Thomas Elmham both state that the English army was too large for the position they were fighting in, even after their advance towards the French, which is something that very few authors have considered fully. While French and Burgundian authors are quick to stress that the narrow position was detrimental to their side during the battle and didn't allow them to properly engage, the fact that two English authors, one an eye-witness and the other close to the king, say that even the English couldn't properly fit is pretty important in light of Livingston's reassessment of deployment width.

More tellingly, however, are the sources which place the wings going forward only during/after the initial English advance:

Thomas Walsingham: "With the banners raised, he ordered his men to proceed in order. He made the archers go first from the right and also from the left."

The Monk of St-Denis: "After he had said these words, he had his army advance about a bow shot and seeing that they were in a vast plain added, ‘we must stop here, regather our courage and await the enemy on firm ground in close battalions without dividing our forces. Our 12,000 archers will range themselves in a circle around us to sustain as best they can the shock of the enemy."

Le Fevre and Waurin: "Then after the king of England had thus admonished his men, again on his little horse, he put himself in front of his banner and then marched with his whole battle in very good order towards the enemy. Then he called a rest in the place where he stopped...After the discussion had taken place between the two battles and the emissaries had returned to their own men, the king of England ordered a veteran knight, called Sir Thomas Erpingham, to draw up his archers and to put them in the front in two wings

While it would be ideal if the Gesta had echoed these deployments, it's clear that soon after the battle - on both sides of the conflict - it was thought that the English archers were only deployed forwards in wings after the initial battle. Years later, other authors who had been present at the battle wrote the same thing, diverging quite considerably from Monstrelet, whom they often don't differ from to such a degree.

Positioned as they were, the English were in a good defensive position if the French advanced to meet them, and their baggage was well protected behind their lines. However, they also needed to force a battle and couldn't afford a delay of more than a couple of hours. They were tired, wet, cold, hungry and likely diseased at this point, and time favoured only the French. Thus, when the negotiations had stalled and the English could see that the French were relaxed, with most of the cavalry gone off to exercise or feed their horses (c.f. the Berry Herald in particular), the English seized the opportunity to advance and risked an attack while they deployed in the hope that the French couldn't rally in time. As it turned out, this worked out well.

The English Offensive

The battle that followed was not too different in my view than Clifford J. Rogers' view, with the exception that the French cavalry probably attacked second, after an initial advance by the vanguard, but that's an argument for another day.

Bibliography

"Where Was the Battle of Agincourt Fought?" by Michael Livingstone, in Medieval Warfare Magazine IX.I

"The Battlefield" by Tim Sutherland, in The Battle of Agincourt ed. Anne Curry and Malcolm Mercer

The Battle of Agincourt: Sources and Interpretations, by Anne Curry

"The Battle of Agincourt" by Clifford J. Rogers, in The Hundred Years War (Part II) – Different Vistas ed. Andrew Villalon and Donald Kagay

Vegetius: Epitome of Military Sience, tr. N. P. Miller

Polybius: The Histories, tr. William Roger Patton

An arithmetical warlike treatise named Stratioticos, by Leonard Digges and Thomas Digges

The Book of Deeds of Arms and of Chivalry, tr. Sumner Willard

#battle of agincourt #medieval warfare #the king #michael livingston #medieval warfare magazine #heresy

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safestsephiroth · 6 years ago

Text

do the total war games have any mods that bring back the in-depth trait systems for nobles that seems to have been removed after Medieval 2?

That was what made me love the games so much and them missing made the games feel more like board games and less like stories.

My best memory of the game was playing Brittania as the Norse.

Early on, I decided I had to pick one front to wage war and stick with it. I decided I’d start with Ireland. Ireland was small, isolated, wouldn’t be too hard to get involved with. I could ally with the Welsh and the Scots and the English, then bring down the Irish in a concentrated sweep. Having unified control of all Ireland would be a significant boon to my overall position, and let me have a place to fall back to in the event things got bad.

Well.

The scots, those bastards, betrayed me after forming an alliance. I had landed on the main isle and took a single city, and those bastards went full conquest on me in the North. It was a desperate struggle to hold anything.

And, to my dismay, this came right after I had fully invested into war with Ireland.

My King and his immediate nobles were stranded on Ireland, and I was forced to make the extremely difficult and unfortunate decision to disband my navy almost entirely so I could keep my finances above board. The English at this time were getting really uppity, and I realized if I put my King to sea he could well be killed by an English - or, god forbid, Scottish - raiding party. This could not be allowed.

And so, the lone General on the main isle was given an impossible task with insurmountable odds. He had a small army of elite soldiers straight from Norway, and he would be the advancing front of my army. Everything I got that wasn’t thrown wholeheartedly into the lagging defense in the North, trying in vain to hold back the Scottish tide, and everything that wasn’t sent to Ireland to maintain our foothold (lest those Irish bastards fortify the entire isle and make reinvasion impossible), went straight to this man.

History has lost his name. In this retelling, will call him: Karl.

Karl was, from the outset, in a bad situation. Severely outnumbered, with minimal support, his first objective became to acquire a castle capable of allowing him to replenish his losses. Fortunately, we were able to get troops across from the Isle of Man relatively easily, but these troops were highly expensive and my budget was dying. If I had lost my foothold in Ireland, my entire economy was doomed to collapse. Karl fought with care. He chose his battles well. He waited for the English and Scottish to war, assisted the English in a field battle, and split two cities between himself and the English. The English had a clear foothold into Scotland, Karl had a castle, and all was well.

Until one turn later.

Having sent his most damaged units back for repair, Karl was garrisoning this small castle with nothing but himself, a single unit of Housecarls, a single unit of crossbows, and two peasant militia.

The English came with a full stack of military might. To Karl’s two hundred, the English sent two thousand.

Outnumbered ten to one, Karl gave his men one final grim speech. He was committed to fighting his way to Valhalla. He was ready to die for his King, ready to die for the dreams of the Norse in Britannia.

Yet, something strange happened.

The English swarmed the walls, stormed the gate. The Housecarls thrust themselves into the gap, the peasant levees on the walls swiftly getting overwhelmed, the crossbowmen desperately firing at the endless horde of the English.

And then, just as the battle seemed lost forever, as the Housecarls fell to the last man, Karl charged.

One last glorious push, right?

But Karl had a reputation. Karl had butchered all prisoners he took, Karl had put down any rebellion with extreme violence.

The English saw Karl, the peasant levees in their thousands, they saw his standard. They were tired, they were desperate, and they were surrounded by the bodies of their friends and brothers, slain by the valiant Housecarls.

And they fled.

The English fled. The units in front routed, and those behind panicked and followed as well.

Karl and his bodyguard unit lost twelve of twenty-four men. The Crossbows fell to three. The Housecarls were eradicated to the last, as were the levees.

Karl personally captured 1200 fleeing Englishmen, including the enemy commander. His army killed another 400.

Immediately, Karl’s Dread skyrocketed - especially since he elected to execute every last treacherous Englishman, to teach their crown a lesson:

Never break an alliance with the Norse.

The English, for their part, flagged at the sight of Karl’s army. Swiftly reinforced, Karl hurried to repair the defenses, and all funding was diverted directly to the miraculous hero.

The English fell back as Karl advanced, taking two more English cities, fortifying them, garrisoning them and leaving them behind. Because Scotland had just turned down our final peace offer to them.

Karl’s eldest son took up the defense of these cities, and there were plenty of stories in their own right about him.

Meanwhile, in Ireland, the King and several of his closest family held out against wave after wave of Irish attacks. The battle was a war of endless attrition. The Irish were too numerous to conquer further, but we couldn’t let them just siege our city whenever they liked. Our economy couldn’t handle that. Instead, we occupied a fort nearby, and held stubbornly to it. Until one of my King’s nephews, one of the most promising youths in the royal family, fell ill - and grew mad. For fear of him spreading his stark raving lunacy to those around him, we gave him a Norse end - seeing the perfect opportunity when the Irish came to invade the fort with two full armies.

Hopelessly outnumbered, we withdrew the garrison. All save for a few peasants and this woebegotten nephew. In his final stand, despite being wracked with pain and tormentous visions, he fought as a true Norseman, and took the Irish down with him. He lost the fort - and was carried to Valhalla - but in the act, the Irish advance was crippled, and a counterattack led by the Crown Prince saw the rest of their army utterly annihilated.

The economy thusly protected, Karl advanced northward into Scotland.

At first, the Scots did not seem to take him seriously. The Norse were that tiny army of proud idiots they had bullied out of their castles for years. What threat was this man?

In battle after battle, Karl’s elite army of terrifying Housecarls sent the Scottish peasant armies fleeing in terror. Unable to resist their overwhelming charges, the fleeing Scottish were cut down and captured by Karl himself.

And Karl did not allow survivors. A Scot sent home was a Scot who would rearm himself. Better to thin their innumerable herd a battle at a time.

The Scottish sent armies innumerable at him. They sent their entire military straight for Karl, who was reinforced by his eldest son in a critical moment and turned the tide, eradicating the bulk of the Scottish army in a decisive battle and taking a key coastal castle.

And then, at the cusp of victory, Karl was met with what seemed a challenge straight from the Gods Themselves:

A Scottish hero had risen. With the unified Scotland behind him, and given an immense army on the spot - a timed event many may be familiar with, and may have seen coming - William Wallace arose. A leader of immense honor, able to maintain the morale of all nearby allies to an extreme degree, and an incredibly effective commander, Wallace brought with him several full-stacked armies. These were not mere peasants, either. Well-trained, professional soldiers.

Karl was forced to fall back to the freshly-taken castle. After evaluating the situation, Karl came up with a solution.

He would harry Wallace’s army, he would fight a retreating war, he would stymie them at every juncture. They would be allowed no reinforcements - by deftly maneuvering and cutting off bit by bit of Wallace’s army, then vanishing before the bulk could be brought to bear, he brought the Scottish juggernaut’s armies down again, and again, and again. He destroyed unit after unit, leaving no survivors, until the Scottish were left with only a hardened, elite core of professionals, fanatically loyal to Wallace himself.

The battle was imminent. Karl chose the time and place carefully. He lured Wallace forth, and sent a detatchment of his army to besiege a Scottish city Wallace had been pulling support from. Wallace turned, predictably, and Karl’s army lifted the siege - attacking Wallace from both sides, with reinforcements from a distinguished subordinate.

The battle was the closest Karl had ever fought. There were moments it looked like either side could win. The Norse casualties were not insignificant.

But the moment Wallace fell in battle, the outcome was already decided.

The Scottish were rounded up and slaughtered to a man. Grim work, but by now Karl had developed an obsession. He despised the Scottish. Loathed the Scottish. Was more than happy to defeat them in battle. His was a name of legend in Scotland, spoken in hushed whispers:

Karl, Bane of Scots.

His already prodigious military skills were further enhanced by his intimate knowledge of Scottish tactics, and with Wallace dead, nothing was left to stop Karl’s march. And march he did. He slew the Scottish King in the field of battle. He took city after city, putting down any resistance with overwhelming force. In the end, all that remained was the castle of Inverness.

By this point, the Scottish had resorted to appointing random guard captains as their nobility, so thin was their line. These guard captains fled - as any rational man would - but to no avail.

Karl, aged 62, laid siege to Inverness. The final Scottish stronghold. The end of his life’s work was in sight.

And then, in winter, he died of illness.

The Scottish were left with no time to rejoice in the death of their hated foe, for they had no break before a second max-size Norse army arrived. Led by Karl’s youngest son, who inherited his father’s ferocity and, at age 17, already had 6 Command and 5 Dread (out of 10), with an additional +2 to both against Scottish armies.

Inverness Castle fell to the Norse. Karl’s life’s work was finished. The Scottish were brought forever to heel. Karl’s son went on to put together a fleet whose size had never been seen before, and brought relief to his brother’s armies by invading London from the sea, razing the English capitol and bringing terror to their nation, teaching them what happens to the enemies of the Norse. Then he sailed for Ireland, and personally oversaw the full conquest of the Irish.

Karl’s legacy lives on with me a full decade later.

Total War made generals into units you choose an upgrade path for, now. It makes me deeply sad. Because I’ll never get another story like this again, and this? This is what Total War is to me.

#total war #please assist

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wewerecore · 3 years ago

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CORE Pro #108 Trios Kingdom 2022 - Night One 09/01/22 The Shoe Factory - Milton, Pennsylvania Attendance: 771

Match #1

Queen's Quest (Utami Hayashishita, AZM, and Saya Kamitani) vs. The Factory (QT Marshall, Cole Karter, and Nick Comoroto) - Cole Karter attempted a Falcon Arrow on AZM, but she slipped out and was back to her feet. AZM hit the ropes and took Karter to the mat with La Mistica before getting the pin with her Azumi Sushi clutch. Winners: Queen's Quest

- CORE social media manager Lance Wright was backstage capturing footage for the official CORE Pinterest account when he filmed the unexpected arrival of The Trustbusters stable of Ari Daivari, Parker Boudreaux, Slim J, and Sonny Kiss. Ari was shown flashing a large stack of money at Trios Kingdom participants Prolific, presumably in an effort to purchase their spot in the tournament. The three men brushed Ari off.

Match #2

The 37KAMIINA (MAO, Shunma Katsumata, and Yuki Ueno) vs. Dalton Castle and The Boys (Dalton Castle, Brandon Tate, and Brent Tate) - Brent Tate ate a superkick from Katsumata which was followed up with the WR DDT from Yuki Ueno and the pinfall. Winners: The 37KAMIINA

Match #3

Prolific (Isaiah Wolf, Marcus Marquee, and Tyree Taylor) vs. BULK Orchestra (Hayato Tamura, Ryuichi Kawakami, and Quiet Storm) - In an impressive display of power, Hayato Tamura hoisted Tyree Taylor up and slammed him to the mat with a Jackhammer to advance in the tournament. Winners: BULK Orchestra

- Outside of The Shoe Factory, The Trustbusters were filmed as they approached The Moondogs. While Ari attempted to draw the attention of The Moondogs away from the bones they were gnawing at, all communication was drowned out as a helicopter came in for a landing at the nearby Milton Community Pool. The camera zoomed in to the helicopter as Samuel Shaw could be seen hopping out. JJ along with a very tall individual in a mask that was previously seen with Mysterious Q’s faction were shown trying to board. White Rabbit and Brown Bunny, formerly associated with the same stable before withdrawing from Trios Kingdom, welcomed the tall man onto the helicopter but motioned for JJ to return to the venue. As the helicopter lifted off into the night sky, the camera panned back to a very frustrated Ari Daivari and The Moondogs were nowhere to be seen.

Match #4

Mysterious Q, FOR, and JJ vs. The Moondogs (Moondog Cooper, Moondog Tucker, and Moondog Oliver) - This match broke down early into a wild brawl that spanned every corner of The Shoe Factory. Back in the ring, Moondog Oliver prepared for a Vader Bomb on JJ but instead was met with a European uppercut by FOR from the apron. Moondog Oliver fell back from the second ropes into the waiting arms of Mysterious Q. Q had Moondog Oliver in torture rack position before spinning him into a sit out powerbomb. Winners: Mysterious Q, FOR, and JJ

Match #5

Rock 'n' Roll Express (Ricky Morton, Robert Gibson, and Kerry Morton) vs. Burning Embers (Athena, Samuel Shaw, and JONAH) with Raychell Rose - Ricky Morton was in trouble, but found an opening to make the hot tag. Perhaps out of muscle memory, Ricky bypassed the outstretched hand of his son Kerry to tag in his longtime partner Robert Gibson. Gibson's attempts at offense had no impact at all on Samuel Shaw. Shaw choked Hoot out with the Anaconda Vice, but before the referee could check on Gibson, Shaw tagged in JONAH who came off the top rope with the Torpedo splash. JONAH tagged in Athena, who at first tried to pick Gibson up to continue the assault, but finding him to be dead weight, instead covered Robert with a knee on the chest. Winners: Burning Embers

- After the match, Kerry Morton started to walk off with a look of disgust on his face before being called back to the ring by his father. While at first resisting, Kerry ultimately returned and helped his father carry Robert Gibson to the back.

- Failing at their previous two efforts to gain entry into the tournament, Ari Daivari set his sights on Royce Isaacs and Danny Limelight as they warmed up for their match. Looking to gain entry into Trios Kingdom as an injury replacement, Boudreaux held Danny Limelight open for body shots from Ari as Sonny Kiss and Slim J put the boots to Royce Isaacs. But before much damage could be done, CORE officials Aaron Arbo and Andy Harner retrieved Filthy Tom Lawlor who briefly traded strikes with Parker Boudreaux as the rest of The Trustbusters ran off.

Match #6

Jericho Appreciation Society (Angelo Parker, Matt Menard, and Daniel Garcia) vs. BUG'S MUTATION (Ayumu Honda, Chicharito Shoki, and CHANGO) - Angelo Parker and Matt Menard dropped CHANGO throat first over the top rope with their double team Hotshot. Daniel Garcia applied the Dragon Tamer until CHANGO tapped out. Winners: Jericho Appreciation Society

Match #7

Team Filthy (Tom Lawlor, Royce Isaacs, and Danny Limelight) vs. The Last Wave (Josh Alexander, Titus Alexander, and Mr. Takeshita) - As Mr. Takeshita and Tom Lawlor mixed it up outside of the ring, Titus Alexander hit the Chaos Theory on Danny Limelight. Titus released Limelight from the bridge and rolled him into a German suplex from Josh Alexander while Mr. Takeshita prevented Lawlor from breaking up the pin. Winners: The Last Wave

Match #8

Team FIST (Tony Deppen, Travis Huckabee, and Chuck Taylor) vs. The Colony (Electro Ant, Ultimo Ant, and Fire Ant) - Travis Huckabee locked the Stretch Muffler on Ultimo Ant and stood up with it to prevent Ultimo from crawling to the ropes. Electro Ant freed his partner with a step up enzuigiri which sent Huckabee staggering into the Beach Break from Fire Ant followed by the cover from Ultimo Ant. Winners: The Colony

Upcoming Shows: CORE Pro #109 Trios Kingdom 2022 - Night Two 09/02/22 Kalahari - Pocono Manor, Pennsylvania 01. Second Round: Queen's Quest (Utami Hayashishita, AZM, and Saya Kamitani) vs. The Colony (Electro Ant, Ultimo Ant, and Fire Ant) 02. Second Round: The 37KAMIINA (MAO, Shunma Katsumata, and Yuki Ueno) vs. The Last Wave (Josh Alexander, Titus Alexander, and Mr. Takeshita) 03. Second Round: BULK Orchestra (Hayato Tamura, Ryuichi Kawakami, and Quiet Storm) vs. Jericho Appreciation Society (Angelo Parker, Matt Menard, and Daniel Garcia) 04. Second Round: Mysterious Q, FOR, and JJ vs. Burning Embers (Athena, Samuel Shaw, and JONAH) with Raychell Rose 05. Non-Tournament Action: Team Filthy (Tom Lawlor, Royce Isaacs, Danny Limelight, and Black Tiger) vs. The Trustbusters (Ari Daivari, Parker Boudreaux, Slim J, and Sonny Kiss) 06. Non-Tournament Action: Z-Brats (SB KENTo and Shun Skywalker) vs. The Embassy (Erick Stevens and Brian Cage) with Prince Nana 07. Semi-Final Round: Winners Second Round Match 1 vs. Winners Second Round Match 3 08. Semi-Final Round: Winners Second Round Match 2 vs. Winners Second Round Match 4

CORE Pro #110 Trios Kingdom 2022 - Night Three 09/03/22 Martz Hall - Pottsville, Pennsylvania 01. Coal Region Rumble - 30 Man Over The Top Rope Battle Royal, the winner gets a shot at the WES World Championship! 02. World Entertainment Series World Championship Match: Alistair Overeem (Champion) vs. Winner of the Coal Region Rumble 03. Trios Kingdom 2022 Finals

CORE Pro #111 From An Evil Night Into A Hostile Day 09/25/22 Bloomsburg Fair Weis Markets Grandstand - Bloomsburg, Pennsylvania

CORE Pro #112 Same Picture, Different Frame - CORE 15th Anniversary Show 10/28/22 Penn's Peak - Jim Thorpe, Pennsylvania

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ttreingdar · 3 years ago

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enhancedlabsaustralia · 4 years ago

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thehealthsupplement · 5 years ago

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kennethveit · 6 years ago

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lesbrarians · 9 years ago

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Junkrat/Roadhog:: Origins Ch. 15

(Just two more chapters left!)

Title: Origins

Characters: Junkrat, Roadhog

Rating: R

Summary: The origins of Junkrat and Roadhog. Junkrat finds a mysterious treasure in the nuclear wasteland of the Australian Outback and quickly finds himself a target. When a hitman is sent to kill him, he convinces the man to become his personal bodyguard in exchange for half the spoils. Their ensuing crime spree could be legendary – if they can get over the initial bad blood between them. Can also be found on AO3 if you prefer reading it there!

Chapter One Chapter Two Chapter Three Chapter Four Chapter Five Chapter Six Chapter Seven Chapter Eight Chapter Nine Chapter Ten Chapter Eleven Chapter Twelve Chapter Thirteen Chapter Fourteen Chapter Fifteen

---

“Cells 14 through 21, hit the showers. Fawkes, that includes you,” said the disembodied voice over the speaker.

Junkrat grimaced. He had made it over a week and a half without showering, just washing up with paper towels in his cell sink, and it looked like the correctional officers had finally taken notice. If his last encounter with a shower was any indication, it was not going to go well. What was worse than the difficulty of washing up was how vulnerable he’d be in a prison shower with two missing limbs. Instead, he’d taken to hanging out in his cell and waiting for the brief five minute overlap between when Roadhog’s cell group was called and his was sent back to their cells, when he could briefly communicate with Roadhog.

He scowled the entire way to the shower area, taking his sweet time getting there. He picked the stall furthest away from everyone else, grateful that there were at least curtains to shield him in his limbless state. He shrugged off the upper half of his jumpsuit and detached his right arm.

Junkrat stood there, staring at the arm and contemplating whether or not someone would try to steal it if he left it outside the shower. It wasn’t like he had much of a choice, but he was still reluctant to do so. He wondered if he could get away with keeping his peg leg on and trying to hold it out of the spray…

“Well, well, look who finally decided to stop being a dirty freak and show his ass around here.”

Junkrat dropped his arm with a metallic clang and whipped his head up to see a group of three inmates approaching him, grinning like hyenas. He recognised one of them as the man with work privileges and another as the howler who took to screaming at night. “Oh -- heh -- hey...” He laughed nervously and took a step backwards into the shower stall. He immediately regretted it, because there was nowhere else for him to go once the three of them crowded around the entrance to the stall. “What can I do ya for?”

“If you're askin', you can start by not being so fuckin’ annoying,” the howler said.

Junkrat couldn’t help but giggle hysterically. "Me? I’m not the one screamin’ bloody murder in the middle of the night!”

One of the other two men frowned. “See, he can’t help that. You can control that obnoxious voice of yours.” Junkrat was pretty sure he’d found the only two inmates on their block who would defend the screamer.

“Ain’t nothin’ wrong with me voice,” he protested weakly, falling back another step as the howler advanced on him. His back bumped against the knob of the shower.

“You say that, but you're not the one who has to listen to it.”

“You've been stirring up shit around here, Rat. You think you're so much better than the rest of us. Belmont, why dontcha teach him a lesson, we'll see if he's still singing that tune after this.”

Belmont, the inmate with work duty privileges, stepped forward. He was two or three inches shy of six feet, roughly Junkrat's height when he was hunched over in his usual slouch, but he was imposing. His very presence felt like a threat to Junkrat's well-being.

“Back off,” said a familiar, deep voice. “He's mine.” Roadhog grabbed Belmont and the howler by the backs of their prison uniforms and hauled them away from the entrance to the shower stall. The third man hastened to follow before he was forcibly removed as well. “Let me make something clear,” Roadhog snarled. “No one touches him. You mess with Junkrat, you mess with me. Understood?”

The offenders nodded, wide-eyed. Roadhog's stature and general bulk had a way of intimidating even the most hardened of felons. They slunk off, shooting dark looks over their shoulders.

Junkrat picked up his mechanical arm. “Thanks, mate. Woulda been fucked if ya hadn't shown up. But, ah -- I, I'm yours?” he said, raising his eyebrows at the choice of phrasing. And oh, he hated that that thought gave him a weird flutter in the pit of his stomach.

“Just in name,” Roadhog replied. “They won't bother you if I have your back.“

Junkrat nodded and gave a sheepish grin. “Glad yer stuck in this shithole with me, then.” There was a reason he'd hired Roadhog as his enforcer, after all -- he might have been a scrapper who could hold his own in a fight, but he needed someone to watch out for him when it was a matter of being ganged up on or squaring off against someone who was out of his league. He reattached his prosthetic. If Roadhog had been let out of his cell, then there were seconds left until he had to be back in his cell. Besides, he'd soured to the idea of a shower after that encounter. Scrubbing himself down in the sink was good enough for him.

---

The next day, Junkrat scanned the list of items offered by the commissary. If the available TV was the same as Thatcher's, it would be a small, old school flat screen that looked like it was from the 2020s. He could work with that. The radio would be even better though; it would give him batteries in addition to wires, and he would need the extras, given that he was limited to buying only two packs of D batteries at a time.

“Ooh hoo, coffee creamer, I can definitely get some use outta that.” He put a tick next to the item on the list. “Gotta get some coffee to go with that, though, can't just get the creamer by itself.”

“Do you always talk to yourself?” Thatcher asked, shooting him a look of irritation.

“That’s a stupid question.” Junkrat tapped the pencil against his metal arm. “I’m gonna get Roadhog somethin’,” he decided. “Say thanks for savin’ my ass all the time. D’ya think he’d like almonds?”

“How the fuck should I know?”

“I’m gonna get him almonds. Everyone likes nuts.” He finished checking off the list and folded up the piece of paper to give to the CO the next time he made his rounds.

He was already brainstorming how best to use the material parts he would pilfer from the various electronics he was going to acquire. They would only go so far, though; if he was going to build a functional bomb, he would need illicit supplies that he couldn’t acquire through the commissary.

“Say, Thatcher, you smoke, right? I mean, I figured, what with the durries y’ve got stashed and all.”

Thatcher hissed, slicing a finger across his throat as a warning signal to shut up. “Could you say that any louder?” He peered outside of the cell, but none of their neighbors were reacting. “You know what kinda shit I’d have to deal with if the rest of these assholes knew I was carrying? I wouldn’t get a moment’s piece. Probably get shanked by a smoker jonesing for a fix, so shut your fucking trap if you know what’s good for you.”

Junkrat held his hands up in surrender. “Just askin’! I wanted to know where ya get yer matches. Unless ya use a lighter?” He was very much hoping for the former, but he could make use of a lighter for alternative weapons

“Talk to Buzzard.”

Junkrat had no idea who Buzzard was. One of the inmates he had yet to interact with, most likely. “Buzzard?” he called out.

There was a moment’s silence, then a response. “What do you want?”

“I gotta talk to ya! What cell you in?”

“I know who you are.”

“We all know who you are,” Maynard sullenly interjected from a few cells down.

“I’ll find you during rec,” Buzzard finished.

“Works for me,” Junkrat agreed, ignoring Maynard’s comment entirely.

Buzzard stayed true to his word and approached Junkrat during their recreational hour. Despite being able to put a face to his name, Junkrat still barely recognised him. He had the impression that Buzzard, who had to have been in his sixties or seventies, didn’t leave his cell much even when he had the opportunity. “What?” he asked, blunt and to the point.

“I heard you’ve got access to matches. What’s a bloke gotta do to get his hands on some of those?” Junkrat wiggled his fingers.

Buzzard hushed him and led him over to his cell. Across the room, Roadhog’s eyes tracked them, and it reassured Junkrat to know that he was watching in case things went south. Buzzard pulled a stack of yellowing paper from beneath his bed and spread them out on the mattress. Junkrat gave a low whistle and picked up one of the pages to get a better look at it. Buzzard was an artist, showcasing dozens of illustrations in pencil and watercolour. Nearly all of them were of nature, vivid pictures of sunsets and flowers and desert oases, everything that he likely hadn’t seen in decades.

“Colours,” Buzzard said. He popped the back off an old school radio with loose screws, showing Junkrat how its innards had been ripped out and stuffed with as many matchbooks as it could possibly fit. He’d clearly been hoarding them over the years, perhaps from back in the days where inmates were still allowed to purchase cigarettes and smoke. “Two matchbooks for a packet of Skittles,” he said, closing up the radio once more and securing it so it appeared to be tightly screwed together. “I dilute them with water to make my paints.”

Junkrat admired his ingenuity, sensing a kindred spirit in Buzzard. It took a special kind of person to find such creative uses for everyday items. “There’s somethin’ I can give ya.” He made a mental note to add Skittles to his list of requested commissary items before he turned the list in at dinner.

The final piece needed to construct his makeshift explosives would be considerably more difficult to get his hands on, and it required asking a favor of someone he was not terribly fond of. Junkrat made a beeline to Roadhog when he left Buzzard’s cell. “Listen, mate,” he said in a low voice. “I gotta talk to that bastard what tried to jump me in the showers. Watch my back, will ya?”

Roadhog grunted in agreement, folding his arms over his chest and watching like a hawk as Junkrat approached Belmont.

“Say, Belmont...” he said, inching within earshot but keeping an arm’s length away. “Gotta ask ya for a favor.”

Belmont, who had been reclining on the couch, took off his headphones. “It better be good if you’re taking me away from my soaps.”

Junkrat glanced at the TV. He couldn’t hear anything, the sound funneled through headphones so as not to start a volume war with the other inmates, but it looked dramatic. “Yeah, no, it’ll just take a sec! Y’work in a workshop, roight? Any chance you can acquire a few pipes? Just like a plastic tube, don’t need nothin’ fancy.”

“What’s in it for me?”

This was the question Junkrat had been dreading. “Whaddya want?”

“A joint,” Belmont answered without hesitation.

Junkrat scratched the back of his had. “Well...” he said slowly. “Can’t get ya that. What about somethin’ else to smoke? I can get ya a pack of durries, easy. Might be a few missin’, but better than nothin’, eh? How many pipes’ll that get me?”

Belmont considered. “I’ll take it,” he said, slipping his headphones back on. “One pipe for every ten cigs. I’ll see what I can find tomorrow. Get me the goods by then. Now leave me the fuck alone, Anthony’s about to propose.”

Junkrat gave him a thumbs up and scurried back to Roadhog.

“You’re making friends,” Roadhog observed.

“More like business associates,” Junkrat amended. "Acquaintances. Gettin’ all my bombs in a row and all that.”

“What are you getting yourself into?” Roadhog warily asked.

“What makes ya think I’m gettin’ into anythin’?” Junkrat responded, offended.

“You always get into trouble.” It was more of an observation than anything else.

“Well, not this time. I’m gettin’ us out of trouble this time. Gonna blow this place to kingdom come and get us the hell outta here.”

Roadhog glanced around them. “You really need to be careful who you say that around.”

“I’ll be careful! Careful is me middle name.” They both enjoyed a hearty laugh at that, and Junkrat felt indescribably good, the way he did every time Roadhog laughed with him instead of at him.

---

Junkrat’s commissary processed the next day, and he giggled at the sight of his haul. “S’like Christmas in here!” He set aside the Skittles to swap with Buzzard and piled up the electronics in the corner by the toilet that Thatcher had designated for him, the implications of which did not escape his notice.

He waited until Thatcher left for his hour in the recreation yard before making his move. It took him a while to find the right brick, but he dug it out and pocketed the cigarettes before sealing it back up with the makeshift toothpaste grout. A closer look at it revealed that it was a 40 pack of cigarettes, with nine of them missing. He didn’t know when Thatcher had gotten his hands on the contraband, but he was clearly being economical with them.

Of all the goods he got from the commissary, the almonds had to be his favorite. He slipped them in his other pocket to deliver them to Roadhog during their recreation hour.

“I gotcha somethin’,” he told Roadhog when they met up by the chess set.

“Hm?”

Junkrat held up the bag of almonds. “To say thanks for havin’ my back.”

Roadhog chuckled and took the gift. “Thanks.”

Junkrat didn’t expect the heavy hand placed on his head, flattening his wild hair, but it made him glow with pride. “Ah, it’s nothin’!” He was mildly disappointed when Roadhog withdrew his hand, and he did his best to commit that sensation to memory. Roadhog so rarely touched him, but he craved those small moments of human contact. “Got some other things to deliver though, so I’ll be back in a tick.”

“You’re just handing out gifts left and right today.”

“Wha-- no!” he protested. “These ain’t gifts, they’re business transactions! You get the one and only gift, yer special.”

“I’m teasing,” Roadhog said gently.

“Oh. Well. Alright then.”

Junkrat traded Skittles for matches with Buzzard first and deposited the matchbooks inside his pillowcase for safekeeping. He tracked down Belmont, who brought him to his cell so they could make the transaction with some semblance of privacy.

“How many ya got?” he asked.

“Three. If you don’t got ten cigs, you’re not getting a single one of them, and I’ll be taking what you do have as payment for my trouble.”

Junkrat slapped the pack in Belmont’s hand. “Thirty two,” he said triumphantly. “I believe I’ll be takin’ all three of those pipes.”

Belmont weighed the pack in his hand before counting them to confirm Junkrat’s claim. “It’s thirty one, you idiot. You can’t count. But still, impressive,” he said. “Fine, a deal’s a deal.” He went to his cell and they completed the transfer, Belmont slipping him the short pieces of pipe he’d filched from the workshop. Junkrat shoved two in his pockets and the third down his pants to smuggle them back to his own cell.

He surveyed all of his goods and grinned, rubbing his hands together. "Now we’re cookin’ with fire.”

#junkrat #roadhog #roadrat #my fanfiction #origins #nanowrimo 2016

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anabolicpower24 · 5 years ago

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Pharmocological action:

Each ml contains:

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meaganmonroy927-blog · 6 years ago

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Laying out weight-reduction plan meal plans allows an individual to look to the long run and to what will probably be eaten for breakfast, lunch, and dinner in order that at no point in the day is there a temptation to snack. There are a variety of Mass gainer products which have the heavy calorie loading to help good points however I come back to Labrada because the style is superb. To drop these extra kilos, all you want to do is eat within your calorie price range and burn the required variety of energy. They received robust by doing heavy Squats and Deadlifts That is how they increased their general measurement and muscle mass. Truth concerning the food regimen shakes is that they can never be a full-fledged weight loss aspect and can solely be supportive to some extent both being the part of a food regimen routine or often changing the breakfast or supper lowering energy consumption. Eating a sugar free or fats free snack, particularly if you like one thing candy is seemingly a nice thought for Weight Loss Suggestions for Women program. 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As a way to successfully achieve weight, it's important to eat extra calories than you burn. Optimum Diet Weight Gainer produces an award-winning line of dietary supplements which are sometimes highly rated by consumers. Due to the number of calories and protein, they do wonders for http://baraita.net/green-coffee/ providing skinny" people with a lift of vitality that may make a difference in the results they're going to see on the fitness center. Cottage cheese is great as a snack or can easily be labored into your meals. Through the use of a perfect ratio of protein and carbohydrates, Muscle Gainer supplies your physique with the calories and macronutrients required for fast recovery after intense exercise, plus the nutrients for continual development and repair throughout your day. Lean mass gainers contain many synthetic ingredients, which is why some people are concerned about the safety. Stopping nutritional deficiency is one other well being advantage of using best supplement to build physique mass and gain weight. For example, body building techniques are different for obese individuals and underweight individuals. There are additionally wholesome fats included, which will show you how to burn fat whereas figuring out. Its placing on our checklist of weight gainer reviews might have been increased was it not fairly so troublesome to mix properly. This gainer is fortified with large amount of L-Glutamine, L-Arginine, Creatine mono-hydrate and Branched Chain Amino Acids. The equilibrium between calorie consumption and calorie expenditure is crucial to unfastened weight and its healthy upkeep. Mass Load Complicated Carbs delivers 250 grams of advanced carbs (Micronparticulated Maltodextrin, Sweet Potato, Oat Fiber and Quinoa) and purposeful fats equivalent to MCTs, EFAs and CLA. Fortuitously for athletes seeking to pack on muscle mass complement manufacturers are in a position to fabricate dietary supplements with comparatively excessive BA ranges. This product is a good supply of calories and wholesome carbohydrates. Meal planning could be a helpful device if you happen to're making an attempt to lose weight. Let's begin with what not to do: don't try to use a scale to calculate modifications in Skeletal Muscle Mass. Hell, Clear Muscle (a powerful HMB-FA complement) requires 2 tablets to be taken three times a day. You may likely see good outcomes and feel higher simply by including more high-nutrient meals, and you will naturally cut energy whenever you make the swap. Having learnt this fact we're going to look at special merchandise which can assist on gaining muscle mass easier and a lot sooner. Weight gainers are designed to supply a big amount of each macro and micronutrients, in a convenient manner. Typically there is no clarity as to the best way to go about the means of weight loss, especially if there's a preexisting medical situation. Please note that your weight can fluctuate up and down several pounds from everyday, depending on fluid stability and digestive system contents: Don't be concerned about brief-term adjustments, observe the lengthy-term development instead. Pro Gainer additionally consists of essential minerals, vitamins, digestive enzymes, medium chain triglycerides, dietary fiber, and compels carbohydrates. In addition, skeletal muscle provides amine acids for synthesis of proteins in different tissues (crucial during wound therapeutic), for the immune functions, and for gluconeogenesis (alanine and glutamine) beneath catabolic circumstances. Arteriovenous research demonstrated that hyperthyroidism is associated with a internet improve of muscle protein breakdown, although no changes were observed in hypothyroid sufferers (Morrison et al., 1988). Relieves Fatigue: Enriched with vitamins and minerals, Muscleblaze Mass Gainer XXL 3kg aids to alleviate power fatigue so that you may train more durable in your subsequent gym session. The principle purpose of this plan is to keep carbs underneath 20-50 grams per day and get the rest of your calories from protein and fat. There are some people lately who feel so weak they usually suppose that they're too slim and desires to achieve some more weight. A loading section is normally a period of 1-2 weeks of supplementation with a high dose in order to increase the focus of creatine in your physique. People with Quick Metabolisms - If in case you have a fast metabolism, you could discover it troublesome to realize weight or even preserve your personal weight. However, other than chemical-based products, there are particular products that are made with herbs, due to which they're protected for the person and, increase physique weight effectually. Mass Tech Extreme is the best calorie mass gainer on our high 5 record. Every time his higher chest was bursting with sheer muscle-pressure his center and decrease chest followed, only to be beaten by his upper chest once more. Any weight loss program that restricts calories will lead to weight reduction, but some diets simply are usually not wholesome even if you're shedding kilos. This may be as simple as going for a 30 minute walk each day, or going to a 60 minute train class thrice every week. The Mayo Clinic Food plan is a life-style strategy to weight reduction that may show you how to maintain a healthy weight for a lifetime. Nearly all mass gainers style pretty bad. MuscleBlaze Weight Gainer powder comprises supports healthy weight acquire and is preferred by fitness fanatics and physique builders equally. On the seventh day, you will return to the all-protein food plan from the primary part of the food plan. Abstract Weight loss meals must be nutrient-dense and wealthy in protein and fiber. Use the shape to plan when and what you will eat every day. Skeletal muscle performs main roles in metabolism and overall health throughout the lifecycle. Regardless of the restrictions of the literature, this examine highlights the consistently null leads to studies investigating HT and retention of muscle mass. Finally, do any meal prep for the next night's healthy dinner in order that it is easy to throw collectively whenever you come house from work. To get the extra power without throwing your weight loss targets out the window make sure you're consuming nutrient-wealthy foods which are particularly wealthy in folate, iodine, zinc and calcium to help preserve the well being of you each. Earlier than we can come to a conclusion, we have to perceive the distinction between whey protein and mass gainers. Your muscle tissues are being depleted with each exercise, however with HMB, your physique isn'y going to wish or try to use any saved vitality in the precise muscle to assist itself recuperate. 111 Moreover, use of the metabolic pathway for glucose uptake is elevated in muscle mass present process HS. ninety six Thus, whereas the enzyme data are equivocal, it seems that in response to states of unloading, some shift in substrate preference may occur whereby carbohydrates are preferentially utilized based mostly on utilization functionality. In lots of circumstances, these treats contain extra energy than have been burned within the workout. You'll be able to solely think about the advantages that you will receive from this mass gainer which is free from any further sugar. On Monday, I am going to try the data and tools on this Wholesome Dwelling section to get ideas for making healthy meals at dwelling. Earlier than telling you lot of things about weight achieve complement I should declare one fact that now everyone seems to be dropping pounds however they should at first know that changing into skinny is just not a smart alternative. These meals can be found in veg and non-veg options containing 30-80 gms of protein. Skeletal-muscle endurance was outlined as the total work generated during 25 repetitions of concentric knee train, as decided from the realm beneath the torque curve for an entire exercise set.

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