#carloman ii

[dreamconsumer]

Charles II called the Bald, Richilde d'Ardennes, Louis II called the Stammerer, Ansgarde of Burgundy, Louis III, and Carloman II. Unknown artist.

[best-bourbon-monarch]

Louis III:

Beat up the Vikings. Popular legend has it that he was running after a girl who didn't want to kiss him and slammed his head so hard against the doorway that he died.

Carloman II:

I based a roleplaying character after him once an eternity ago... good times

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 8.15 (before 1800)

636 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate begins. 717 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople, which will last for nearly a year. 718 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Raising of the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople. 747 – Carloman, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, renounces his position as majordomo and retires to a monastery near Rome. His brother, Pepin the Short, becomes the sole ruler (de facto) of the Frankish Kingdom. 778 – The Battle of Roncevaux Pass takes place between the army of Charlemagne and a Basque army. 805 – Noble Erchana of Dahauua grants the Bavarian town of Dachau to the Diocese of Freising 927 – The Saracens conquer and destroy Taranto. 982 – Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the Battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria. 1018 – Byzantine general Eustathios Daphnomeles blinds and captures Ibatzes of Bulgaria by a ruse, thereby ending Bulgarian resistance against Emperor Basil II's conquest of Bulgaria. 1038 – King Stephen I, the first king of Hungary, dies; his nephew, Peter Orseolo, succeeds him. 1057 – King Macbeth is killed at the Battle of Lumphanan by the forces of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada. 1070 – The Pavian-born Benedictine Lanfranc is appointed as the new Archbishop of Canterbury in England. 1096 – Starting date of the First Crusade as set by Pope Urban II. 1185 – The cave city of Vardzia is consecrated by Queen Tamar of Georgia. 1224 – The Livonian Brothers of the Sword, a Catholic military order, occupy Tarbatu (today Tartu) as part of the Livonian Crusade. 1237 – Spanish Reconquista: The Battle of the Puig between the Moorish forces of Taifa of Valencia against the Kingdom of Aragon culminates in an Aragonese victory. 1248 – The foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral, built to house the relics of the Three Wise Men, is laid. (Construction is eventually completed in 1880.) 1261 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is crowned as the first Byzantine emperor in fifty-seven years. 1281 – Mongol invasion of Japan: The Mongolian fleet of Kublai Khan is destroyed by a "divine wind" for the second time in the Battle of Kōan. 1310 – The city of Rhodes surrenders to the forces of the Knights of St. John, completing their conquest of Rhodes. The knights establish their headquarters on the island and rename themselves the Knights of Rhodes. 1430 – Francesco Sforza, lord of Milan, conquers Lucca. 1461 – The Empire of Trebizond surrenders to the forces of Sultan Mehmed II. This is regarded by some historians as the real end of the Byzantine Empire. Emperor David is exiled and later murdered. 1483 – Pope Sixtus IV consecrates the Sistine Chapel. 1511 – Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers Malacca, the capital of the Malacca Sultanate. 1517 – Seven Portuguese armed vessels led by Fernão Pires de Andrade meet Chinese officials at the Pearl River estuary. 1519 – Panama City, Panama is founded. 1534 – Ignatius of Loyola and six classmates take initial vows, leading to the creation of the Society of Jesus in September 1540. 1537 – Asunción, Paraguay is founded. 1540 – Arequipa, Peru is founded. 1549 – Jesuit priest Francis Xavier comes ashore at Kagoshima (Traditional Japanese date: 22 July 1549). 1592 – Imjin War: At the Battle of Hansan Island, the Korean Navy, led by Yi Sun-sin, Yi Eok-gi, and Won Gyun, decisively defeats the Japanese Navy, led by Wakisaka Yasuharu. 1599 – Nine Years' War: Battle of Curlew Pass: Irish forces led by Hugh Roe O'Donnell successfully ambush English forces, led by Sir Conyers Clifford, sent to relieve Collooney Castle. 1695 – French forces end the bombardment of Brussels. 1760 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Liegnitz: Frederick the Great's victory over the Austrians under Ernst Gideon von Laudon.

[newmic]

History – All the kings of France From the 5th century to the 19th century, 64 kings and 3 emperors ruled France. In this timeline, discover them all! This frieze is taken from the magazine Images Doc n°313 of January 2015.

What is a dynasty ? It is a succession of people from the same family, at the head of a country. For example, 15 men from the family of Hugues Capet were kings of France: this is the Capetian dynasty. The dynasties of France are: the Merovingians, the Carolingians, the Capetians, the Valois, the Bourbons

Les Mérovingiens Clovis Ier, 466 – 511 (naissance-mort) Clotaire Ier, 497 – 561 Clotaire II, 584 – 629 Dagobert Ier, 605 – 639 Clovis II, 635 – 657 Clotaire III, 654 – 673 Childéric II, 650 – 675 Thierry III, 654 – 695 Clovis III, 682 – 695 Childebert III, 683 – 711 Dagobert III, 699 – 715 Chilpéric II, 670 – 721 Thierry IV, 713 – 737 Childéric III, 714 – 753

Les Carolingiens Pépin le Bref, 715 – 768 Charlemagne, 742 – 814, Empereur Louis Ier le Pieux, 778 – 840 Charles II le Chauve, 823 – 877 Louis II le Bègue, 846 – 879 Louis III, 863 – 882 Carloman, 866 – 887 Charles III le Gros, 839 – 888 Eudes, 860 – 898 Charles III, 879 – 929 Robert Ier, 860 – 923 Raoul, ? – 936 Louis IV d’Outremer, 918 – 954 Lothaire, 941 – 986 Louis V le Fainénant, 967 – 987

Les Capétiens Hugues Capet, 939 – 996 Robert II le Pieux, 972 – 1031 Henri Ier, 1008 – 1060 Philippe Ier, 1052 – 1108 Louis VI le Gros, 1084 – 1137 Louis VII, 1120 – 1180 Philippe II Auguste, 1165 – 1223 Louis VIII le Lion, 1187 – 1226 Louis IX (Saint Louis), 1214 – 1270 Philippe III le Hardi, 1245 – 1285 Philippe IV le Bel, 1268- 1314 Louis X le Hutin, 1289 – 1316 Jean Ier, 1316 – 1316 Philippe V le Long, 1293 – 1322 Charles IV, 1294 – 1328

Les Valois Philippe VI, 1293 – 1350 Jean II le Bon, 1319 – 1364 Charles V, 1338 – 1380 Charles VI le Fol, 1368 – 1422 Charles VII le Victorieux, 1403 – 1461 Louis XI, 1423 – 1483 Charles VIII, 1470 – 1498 Louis XII, 1462 – 1515 François Ier, 1494 – 1547 Henri II, 1519 – 1559 François II, 1544 – 1560 Charles IX, 1550 – 1574 Henri III, 1551 – 1589

Les Bourbons Henri IV, 1553 – 1610 Louis XIII, 1601 – 1643 Louis XIV, 1638 – 1715 Louis XV, 1710 – 1774 Louis XVI, 1754 – 1793 Louis XVIII, 1755 – 1824 Charles X, 1757 – 1836 Louis-Philippe Ier, 1773 – 1850

Les Empereurs Napoléon Ier, 1769 – 1821, Empereur Napoléon III, 1808 – 1873, Empereur

tofor knowing more : https://www.imagesdoc.com/images-doc-en-classe/la-grande-image-doc/histoire-rois-de-france

and

see: uritibacitybrazil.tumblr.com/archive

[illustratus]

Louis III and Carloman II of France crush a Viking army at Saucourt-en-Vimeu in 881

by Jean-Joseph Dassy

[roehenstart]

Louis III (vers 863-882) et Carloman (vers 866-884), rois de France, fils de Louis le Bègue, rois de France associés en 880.

[wandering-jana]

Hidden History: Church of Kings

Hidden History: Church of Kings

Located in the suburbs of Paris is the final resting place of the kings of France.

(more…)

[francaistoutsimplement]

Quierzy est une commune du département de l'Aisne, située entre Noyon et Chauny. Ancienne villa royale aux temps des Mérovingiens puis palatium impérial avec les Carolingiens, est un lieu de mémoire de l'histoire de France.

22 octobre 741, décès à Quirzy de Charles Martel, maire des palais d'Austrasie, de Neustrie et de Bourgogne. Le pouvoir est partagé entre ses deux fils Carloman et Pépin le Bref.

742 : naissance probable de Charlemagne à Quierzy.

Avril 754 : réception du pape Étienne II par Pépin le Bref à Quierzy et signature du traité de Quierzy créant les États pontificaux.  Le pape reconnaît en contrepartie la dynastie carolingienne.

838 : Charles le chauve, roi des Francs, puis Empereur carolingien, petit-fils de Charlemagne, y fut couronné par son père Louis le Pieux

14 juin 877 : Cartulaire de Quierzy : les charges comtales sont rendues héréditaires par Charles le Chauve et naissance de la féodalité.

[medievalart]

Today in history: Richilde of Provence, empress and queen of Western Francia dies (845- June 2, 910)

* member of Bosonid family (king Boso’s sister)

* 870: Married Charles the Bald

* 870-877: Queen consort of Western Francia

* 875-877: Empress of the Holy Roman Empire

* 877-879: “Regent” on the behalf of his son Louis the Stammerer (d. 879)

* 879: Tried to put his brother Boso on throne instead of Louis III and Carloman II but failed. Backed also Boso’s plans for independent Kingdom of Provence.

* 884: Attempted a political comeback after Louis and Carloman had died. Retired to Provence where she died a few years later.

( Grandes Chroniques de France , 14th / 15th cenury)

source: Wikimedia Commons

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

“Beggars of all ages were found everywhere in the Empire. We can imagine them crowded near the church doors and massed under the portals, their numbers swelling on feast days and pilgrimages. Hagiographical texts depict genuine or fake paralytics, the lame, the blind, or simply miserable wretches hoping for a bit of silver or bread. One paralytic camped for five years at the door of Saint-Martin of Tours. A hunchback collected his sustenance every day near the tomb of Saint-Marcellin. The Abess Leoba of Bischofheim provided food and clothing for the sick woman who lay at the entrance to the monastery. Some made their way into the church itself in search of shelter and the protection of the relics and stayed the night.

Begging could be a profitable profession. A blind old man in Aix who was in the habit of begging from a door to door with a crowd of the poor refused to pray for the restoration of his sight:

Why do I need the vision I lost so long ago? It is worth more to me to be deprived of it than to have it. Blind, I can beg and none will repulse me. Rather, they hasten to attend to my needs. But if I had my sight back, it would seem wrong for me to beg alms even though I am old and weak and cannot work.

The sight of beggars gathered in squares and at crossroads was a cause of anxiety to the public power. In 806, Charlemagne took measures ‘to control the beggars who circulate around the country.’ Under Louis the Pouis a supervisor was appointed to watch the conduct of these wretches at Aix. In effect, all sorts of vagabonds mixed in with these beggars: errant monks, clerks breaking the ban, shady merchants (mangones), pseudo-penitents, half-naked and weighed down with irons ‘pretending that a penance of wandering had been imposed on them.’ Such people could become dangerous and turn to brigandage. ...Carolingian roads were not very safe. Brigandage was rampant everywhere. Outlaws hid in the forests and posted themselves at the entrances of defiles to rob travellers of the few precious objects they might be carrying. They followed the army across the country in the hopes of pillaging the baggage. The difficulties which beset the end of the reign favored brigands. A capitulary of 804 was specifically devoted to the scourge. Counts were ordered to pursue brigands taking refuge in certain privileged domains. (These were known as the lands with immunity.) For a while, brigandage seemed less threatening under Louis the Pious, but by the middle of the century it was more menacing than ever. Bandits could profit from the fraternal dissensions rising out of the partition of the Empire by seeking refuge in another kingdom. Writing to a friend about 856, Lupus of Ferrières asked him to choose a safe road and seek ‘travel companions whose number and courage would facilitate their audience of brigand groups or their repulsion necessary.’ In the same period, Charles addressed the Capitulary of Servais to the repression of banditry. Italy had the same problems. Louis II declared that brigandage flourished everywhere with the complicity of counts and royal officers. Lay and ecclesiastical aristocrats as well as the more wealthy landed proprietors often connived with brigands to divide the loot. The presence of the Normans favored the creation of such bands. Charles the Bald planned the organization of local resistance to outlaws. At the end of the century, Carloman promulgated a law against rapine at Compiègne. But how could anyone struggle when, as Hincmar says, these brigands were not only protected by the great but paid to contract themselves out as assassins?

To add to this somber picture, we must remember the habitual brutality already apparent in Merovingian Europe and even Byzantium. Reading the German laws, which continued in force, we are struck by the many forms of physical brutality that were expected, for the laws give precise details of the behaviour for which financial compensation was to be expected. They speak of severed ears, with or without loss of hearing, the rape of poor women, eyes torn out, noses slit partially or totally, tongues cut out, teeth broken, beards torn, joints crushed, hands and feet cut off, testicles mangled. And the penalties ordained by the law were no less cruel. The classic punishment for rebellion was blinding, particularly for a member of the royal family. Judges did not recoil from punishing slaves with mutilation and castration, fire or drowning. Theodulf was one of the rare ones to protest these ‘barbarous’ punishments. A bishop of Le Mans even chastised his clerks who had displeased him. To be sure, that act provoked Charlemagne’s intervention and the removal of the offending bishop. The king also tried to impede the course of private wars, faida, in which entire families were wiped out. Civil war was no less terrible. The Aquitainians long remembered the devastation caused by Charles Martel and Pepin III; nor did Bretons forget the campaigns of Louis the Pious in Armorica. Lothar’s army, in the struggle with the king’s brothers, behaved as though they were in an enemy country. And when combat was joined with pagans, the Frankish fury knew no limits. Chroniclers recounting the Saxon campaign coldly noted massacres of thousands of Saxons and the mass deportation of men, women, and children.” - Pierre Riché, Daily Life in the World of Charlemagne. Translated by Jo Ann McNamara. University of Pennsylvania Press, 1978. pp. 249-254

[antilagardelle]

Wrote this when I got bored:

A Brief History Of The German Monarchs Part I: From Luis II To The End Of The Habsburgs.(Some of the facts her may be slightly off as it is still a work in progress)

In order that justice be done to a summary of German monarchs, elaboration is first required on German geographical history, and in what manner this influences our summary. At some juncture in the habit of summarizing regal lineages it becomes imperative to note that such monarchical titles as “The King Of England,” or “The King Of Germany,” essentially mean different things at different times, territorially speaking. What is now known as Germany includes territories which were not always Germany, and excludes territories which may at other times have been Germany. Such can be said of all known nations. Indeed the point at which our summary begins would know Germany by an entirely different appellation: East Francia. Others may have chosen to commence with the genesis of The Holy Roman Empire, but that precise date being ascribed among historians to two separate occasions--the one being Charlemagne’s coronation by Pope Leo I in 800, and the other Otto I’s assumption to the throne in 962--it would appear more prudent to neglect the title until further notice.  

Thus the summary of German monarchs begins with the division of The Carolingian Empire by The Treaty Of Verdun into West Francia, Middle Francia, and East Francia. The latter most of these we now know as Germany, and Luis II(A.K.A Luis The German), grandson of Charlemagne became its first ruler commencing the Carolingian Dynasty. Luis II had three sons each who took the throne in order from eldest to youngest. First Carloman, then Luis The Younger(A.K.A. Luis III), and finally Charles The Fat. Charles The Fat is ousted by Arnulf Of Carinthia who is then succeeded by his son Louis The Child(A.K.A. Louis The IV) despite his only being six years of age. Louis The Child dies no older than eighteen ending The Carolingian Dynasty. The nobility then elects Conrad I to the throne commencing the Conradine Dynasty of which, quite comically, he is the only member. Conrad I appoints Henry I(A.K.A. Henry The Fowler) as his successor in his will. Henry I was the first king of Saxon blood, and sometimes receives the title of the first king of The Ottonian Dynasty, though sometimes this title goes to his son Otto I. Between the rule of Henry I, and Otto I, an elusive character named Arnulf The Bad is said to have assayed seizure of the throne from Henry I. To what level of success is unclear but that if any the seizure was ephemeral. 

Otto I(A.K.A. Otto The Great) succeeds his father in 962, at which point, notwithstanding how indefinite the exact date of The Holy Roman Empire’s establishment may be, it is certain that Otto I’s domain, being the precursor to Germany, would receive from all historians the title of Holy Roman Empire without dispute. Otto I’s son, Otto II succeeds his father’s office as Holy Roman Emperor in 973, to be succeeded by his son Otto III a decade later. Otto III’s second cousin Henry II(A.K.A. Henry The Holy, or Saint Henry The Exuberant) assumes the throne upon his death. Conrad II is elected to the throne by the German Princes collectively after Henry II dies with no heir thus actuating the Salian dynasty. Conrad II’s son Henry III assumes the throne in 1046 to then bestow his hegemony in 1056 to his son Henry IV upon his death. 

Our summary here meets complication requiring two separate facts to be imparted: The first is that Henry IV’s reign was largely marked by an event known as The Investiture Controversy; and the second is that The Holy Roman Empire is something more of a loose term denoting more an ethnic, and cultural aggregate than a clearly defined empire, which consisted of three principal sub-kingdoms: The Kingdom Of Germany, The Kingdom Of Italy, The Kingdom Of Burgundy, (and The Kingdom Of Bohemia starting in 1198). We shall start by addressing the former of these facts and repair to the latter momentarily. 

The Investiture Controversy was essentially a conflict between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII as to whose power it was to appoint bishops. What must be known of it specifically insofar as our project is at heart a litany of title holders, is that two vague individuals are understood as having been elected in its midst to the station of “Anti-King,” by a group of nobles in defiance of Henry IV. First Rudolf Of Rheinfelden in 1077, then Hermann Of Salm in 1081. This office, however, was the much more de jure than de facto so as to eliminate their ever truly being considered The King Of Germany, or Holy Roman Emperor. 

Concerning the second of these cardinal facts it is pivotal to understand that, while the aforementioned sub-kingdoms never went without rulers respectively, their unifying office of Holy Roman Emperor occasioned to see vacancies several years long. That is to say, the kingdoms remained operative with no apparent stadholder as it were. Judging, therefore, that our summary is one of German monarchs, we are to follow the sovereigns of the specific sub-kingdom of Germany through its periods with and without this unilateral figure. The predicament of the empire was such from 1105 to 1111, when, on the one hand, Henry IV was forced to abdicate by his son Henry V, and, on the other, when Henry V actually assumed the title of Holy Roman Emperor, despite his having been The King Of Germany the whole time in between. (although this hiatus is not so significant as The Great Interregnum of 1250 soon to be addressed).

After the death of Henry V in 1125, Lothair Of Supplinburg(A.K.A Lothair II) was elected as King Of Germany, and was crowned Holy Roman Emperor in 1133, being the first and only member of The Supplinburger Dynasty. The Hohenstaufen dynasty followed his rule with the election of Conrad III as king, who was succeeded by none other than the famous Frederick Barbarossa, his nephew. Frederick Barbarossa (A.K.A. Frederick I) was succeeded by his son Henry VI, who in turn was succeeded by his brother Philip Of Swabia.

There had been a consistent vye for the kingship between the Hohenstaufens and The Welfs (the latter of whom ruled over much of north and west germany as dukes and duchesses) manifesting most famously in a feud between the above mentioned Barbarossa and his cousin Henry The Lion. Notwithstanding Barbarossa’s having won the feud, its sentiment and ramifications did not end in his generation. Upon the death of Henry VI, Philip Of Swabia found his position as King Of Germany beleaguered by a rival king named Otto IV, son of Henry The Lion. After the space of a decade it should have been to the Hohenstaufen’s chagrin that Otto IV emerged victorious in this dispute in 1209, thenceforth being crowned Holy Roman Emperor until his forced abdication in 1215.

Naturally this chagrin of The Hohenstaufen’s would need not long endure, as it was Frederick II himself, son of Henry VI, (and not to be confounded with the enlightened absolutist Frederick II Of Prussia), who essentially forced this very abdication, rendering Otto IV the only member of the Welf dynasty. It is rather our own chagrin that we must here encounter, as the rival kings, and disputed claimants do not stop here. Instead they supply for us an even longer train of convoluted events to dissect.

Frederick II’s younger son Henry VII ruled as King Of Germany but with his father serving as something of his regent. Frederick II later deposed Henry VII due to a conflict between them, and appointed his half-brother Conrad IV in his stead. Frederick delegated Henry Rapse Of Thuringia to serve as conrad’s regent, but upon Pope Innocent IV declaring Conrad deposed, Henry Raspe supported this verdict in turn being elected as Anti-king in 1246. This election was somewhat meaningless, but gained much potency in 1250 when Frederick II, having theretofore been widely acclaimed as Holy Roman Emperor, and in effect The King Of Germany, passed away. This rendered Henry Raspe, and Conrad IV each just as much king as the other. For this reason 1250 marks the beginning of what is known as The Great Interregnum.

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 8.15 (before 1900)

636 – Arab–Byzantine wars: The Battle of Yarmouk between the Byzantine Empire and the Rashidun Caliphate begins. 717 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Maslama ibn Abd al-Malik begins the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople, which will last for nearly a year. 718 – Arab–Byzantine wars: Raising of the Second Arab Siege of Constantinople. 747 – Carloman, mayor of the palace of Austrasia, renounces his position as majordomo and retires to a monastery near Rome. His brother, Pepin the Short, becomes the sole ruler (de facto) of the Frankish Kingdom. 778 – The Battle of Roncevaux Pass takes place between the army of Charlemagne and a Basque army. 805 – Noble Erchana of Dahauua grants the Bavarian town of Dachau to the Diocese of Freising 927 – The Saracens conquer and destroy Taranto. 982 – Holy Roman Emperor Otto II is defeated by the Saracens in the Battle of Capo Colonna, in Calabria. 1018 – Byzantine general Eustathios Daphnomeles blinds and captures Ibatzes of Bulgaria by a ruse, thereby ending Bulgarian resistance against Emperor Basil II's conquest of Bulgaria. 1038 – King Stephen I, the first king of Hungary, dies; his nephew, Peter Orseolo, succeeds him. 1057 – King Macbeth is killed at the Battle of Lumphanan by the forces of Máel Coluim mac Donnchada. 1070 – The Pavian-born Benedictine Lanfranc is appointed as the new Archbishop of Canterbury in England. 1096 – Starting date of the First Crusade as set by Pope Urban II. 1185 – The cave city of Vardzia is consecrated by Queen Tamar of Georgia. 1224 – The Livonian Brothers of the Sword, a Catholic military order, occupy Tarbatu (today Tartu) as part of the Livonian Crusade. 1237 – Spanish Reconquista: The Battle of the Puig between the Moorish forces of Taifa of Valencia against the Kingdom of Aragon culminates in an Aragonese victory. 1248 – The foundation stone of Cologne Cathedral, built to house the relics of the Three Wise Men, is laid. (Construction is eventually completed in 1880.) 1261 – Michael VIII Palaiologos is crowned as the first Byzantine emperor in fifty-seven years. 1281 – Mongol invasion of Japan: The Mongolian fleet of Kublai Khan is destroyed by a "divine wind" for the second time in the Battle of Kōan. 1430 – Francesco Sforza, lord of Milan, conquers Lucca. 1461 – The Empire of Trebizond surrenders to the forces of Sultan Mehmed II. This is regarded by some historians as the real end of the Byzantine Empire. Emperor David is exiled and later murdered. 1483 – Pope Sixtus IV consecrates the Sistine Chapel. 1511 – Afonso de Albuquerque of Portugal conquers Malacca, the capital of the Malacca Sultanate. 1517 – Seven Portuguese armed vessels led by Fernão Pires de Andrade meet Chinese officials at the Pearl River estuary. 1519 – Panama City, Panama is founded. 1537 – Asunción, Paraguay is founded. 1540 – Arequipa, Peru is founded. 1549 – Jesuit priest Francis Xavier comes ashore at Kagoshima (Traditional Japanese date: 22 July 1549). 1592 – Imjin War: At the Battle of Hansan Island, the Korean Navy, led by Yi Sun-sin, Yi Eok-gi, and Won Gyun, decisively defeats the Japanese Navy, led by Wakisaka Yasuharu. 1599 – Nine Years' War: Battle of Curlew Pass: Irish forces led by Hugh Roe O'Donnell successfully ambush English forces, led by Sir Conyers Clifford, sent to relieve Collooney Castle. 1695 – French forces end the bombardment of Brussels. 1760 – Seven Years' War: Battle of Liegnitz: Frederick the Great's victory over the Austrians under Ernst Gideon von Laudon. 1843 – Tivoli Gardens, one of the oldest still intact amusement parks in the world, opens in Copenhagen, Denmark. 1863 – The Anglo-Satsuma War begins between the Satsuma Domain of Japan and the United Kingdom (Traditional Japanese date: July 2, 1863). 1893 – Ibadan area becomes a British Protectorate after a treaty signed by Fijabi, the Baale of Ibadan with the British acting Governor of Lagos, George C. Denton. 1899 – Fratton Park football ground in Portsmouth, England is officially first opened.

[this-europe]

Pepin of Landen

In the post Is Herstal the birthplace of Europe? I did not mention that Pipin of Herstal had a grandfather. I said Herstal was the the place where the Pippinide dynasty began. This is based on the fact that the sources makes this the place where both Pipin II and Charles Martel and maybe even Charlemagne was born. Old Pepin of Landen, well, he might have been from Landen, but some scholars now says that this was something made up in twelfth century sources [find reference].  But it true that this Pepin of Landen is the first Pepin and that his fathers name was Carloman, but we do not know anything about him. Pepin I daughter Begga (wonderful name) married  Ansegisel and Pepin of Herstal was their son. Now  Ansegisel was supposedly the son of the famous  Saint Arnulf, bishop of Metz. That’s what most sources says, but new history questions this, as their seems to be a lack of sources here as well (citation]. The real reason the argument goes, was that the Carolingians liked the idea of being the heir of Pepin and Arnulf, which where good friends. And that fits the whole Carolingian program of making of Christendom and it would be nice if it was true, I guess.

[isadomna]

Bertrada of Laon 

She was Queen consort of the Franks and mother of Charlemagne, the first recognised Emperor in Western Europe since the fall of the Western Roman Empire three centuries earlier. She also known as Bertrada the Younger or Bertha Broadfoot (the queen with the goose-foot). Bertrada was born sometime between 710 and 727 in Laon, in today's Aisne, France, to Count Charibert of Laon and Gisele of Aquitaine. In 741 Bertrada reappears as the wife of Pepin, the younger son of the Frankish prince Charles Martel, and the details immediately get fuzzy. According to French historian Léon Levillain, Bertrada was Pepin's first and only wife. Other sources suggest that Pepin had previously married a "Leutberga" or "Leutbergie", with whom Pepin would have had five children. She was repudiated some time after the birth of  Charlemagne and her children were sent to convents.

Pepin and Bertrada’s union was not canonically sanctioned until 749, after the birth of Charlemagne. Bertrada and Pepin are known to have had seven children: three sons and four daughters. Of these, Charlemagne, Carloman, and Gisela survived to adulthood. Pepin tried to divorce Bertrada a few years after their marriage, but the Pope opposed the divorce. The reason is still unknown, but according to historian Christian Settipani, Pepin might have wanted to marry a woman named Angla, who was the daughter of Theodrade. In 751, Pepin and Bertrada became King and Queen of the Franks, following Pepin's successful coup against the Frankish Merovingian monarchs. Pepin was crowned in June 754, and Bertrada, Charlemagne, and Carloman were blessed by Pope Stephen II.

Bertrada was not a woman who stayed at the castle and supervised the spinning. Bachrach notes that it was Bertrada who supervised a distribution to the army called the donum militum, or “the gift to the soldiers.” The Annals record that she was with her brother-in-law Carloman when he died at Vienne in 755. More than a decade later both the Annals and Fredegar note her travels with Pepin on the campaigns in Aquitaine. 

In 768 Pepin died during a campaign at the age of 54. He was interred in the church of Saint Denis. The Frankish realm was divided between his two sons: Charlemagne and Carloman I. After this Bertrada may have taken vows, for her form of address sometimes changes. The Annals and other royal sources continue to refer to her as Queen, but the pope begins addressing her as Deo Consecreta. Even if she did take vows, she was by no means a recluse. 

There were problems almost immediately between Charlemagne and his brother Carloman, as they squabbled about the division of lands and who would support whom against the inevitable uprisings after the king’s death. Bertrada mediated between the two of them, but also kept her eye on high strategy. Some historians credit Bertrada's support for her elder son Charlemagne over her younger son Carloman, and her diplomatic skills, for  Charlemagne's early success.

Bertrada lived with Charlemagne in high honor to a very great age. Their relationship was excellent. He treated her with every respect and never had a cross word with her, except over the divorce of the Lombard King Desiderius’ daughter, Desiderata, whom he had married on her advice. Einhard claims this was the only episode that ever strained relations between mother and son. Bertrada retired from the court after Carloman's death in 771 to live in Choisy-au-Bac, where Charlemagne had set aside a royal house for her. The death of his brother left Charlemagne as the undisputed ruler of the Frankish Kingdom.

Bertrada did live to a good old age, at least for the time. Since we’re not sure when she was born it is consequently problematic to say how old she was when she died in 783, but she could have been as old as 73. Several sources mention her passing, a mark of the high esteem in which she was held. As late as 802 she is included in an oath that the Aquitanians had to take to affirm their loyalty to Charlemagne. Charlemagne buried her in the Basilica of St Denis near Pepin. Pope Leo III crowned Charlemagne Emperor of the Romans on Christmas Day, 800. The immense territories which Charlemagne controlled became known as the Carolingian empire.  (x) (x)

[bobmccullochny]

History

October 9 768 - Carloman I and Charlemagne were crowned Kings of The Franks. Carloman died in 771, and Charlemagne reigned until 814.

1824 - Slavery was abolished in Costa Rica.

1873 - The US Naval Institute was established.

1888 - The Washington Monument officially opened to the public.

1919 - The Cincinnati Reds won the World Series, and eight White Sox players were later accused of intentionally losing games in exchange for money from gamblers.

1967 - Marxist revolutionary Che Guevara was executed in Bolivia .

1980 - Pope John Paul II met and shook hands with the Dalai Lama in Vatican City.

1992 - The Peekskill Meteorite (about 24 pounds) landed in the driveway of the Knapp residence in Peekskill, New York, destroying the family's 1980 Chevrolet Malibu.

2006 - North Korea may have tested its first nuclear device.

2012 - The Pakistani Taliban made a failed attempt to assassinate 15 year-old Malala Yousafzai on her way home from school.