#cynipid

[arthropodopolis]

incredible photos!! i just learned about this in the book im reading! it's called "the nature of oaks" by doug tallamy. highly recommend.

galls are generally formed as follows:

a gall wasp (family cynipid) injects an egg and growth-inducing chemicals into the bud of an oak or other tree. this induces the gall, a growth that forms around the egg. gall shape varies depending on the species of wasp

cynipid larvae hatches within the gall. the gall provides it food and protects it from predators

well... not all predators. a parasitoid wasp may come along! a parasitoid wasp will attempt to oviposit her egg right through the gall and into the cynipid larvae.

if the parasitoid's ovipositor is long enough to successfully reach the cynipid larvae inside, her larvae will hatch and slowly eat the cynipid larvae 🙃😬

fortunately for the cynipid, different galls have different adaptations that reduce the risk of predation -- i.e. some are larger so the parasitoids ovipositor cant reach. others have multiple chambers inside. some even have long hairs or sticky substances on the outside to make it difficult for the parasitoid wasp, etc etc

here are a couple pictures of oak galls from wikimedia commons:

by Andou via Wikimedia Commons

by CriticalDrinking via Wikimedia Commons

by Rasbak via Wikimedia Commons

Genus Torymus ovipositing a gall from the Genus Amphibolips

[kyusart]

Attack #20, featuring BASILQUOTES' Deborah!

[cognitohazardous]

can i use ther internet to play with women sexually? and be a woman

ummmmm idk sorry but you can use it to read about gall wasps

[jupiterswasphouse]

WASP REVIEW - WASPMON, FUNBEEMON, AND CANNONBEEMON (DIGIMON)

[Image IDs: Three official renders of the listed Digimon, those being Waspmon, FunBeemon, and CannonBeemon /End IDs.]

Well, this will be interesting as someone whose only experience with the Digimon franchise is whatever Karina from Drawfee has explained about the franchise. But I'm gonna try my best to understand what we've got going on here, which shouldn't be too difficult! Let's just hop into the deep end here! (Apologies in advance to the Digimon enjoyers)

Starting with Waspmon, this Digimon is very clearly at least mostly mechanical, which I suppose makes my job here a little bit easier, as it's clear they were not going for accuracy. Even still, I do have to point out some things. It seemingly only has one pair of improperly segmented legs (unless those rib-like parts around its mesosoma are legs too), with more human-like hands, and these big armored shoulder plates (supposedly propellers?) that are perhaps only comparable to the large tibiae of shield-handed wasps. They also seem to have only one set of wings but I can't say for sure. The head seems accurate enough, with even the right number of eyes, in the right positions! That's pretty rare! The antennae are a bit too straight, not segmented enough, with feathered ends I've never really seen in a wasp, although they do remind me of some notably different featherings on certain species, such as a number of members of the genus Dendrocerus. There are other things I could point out, like the abdominal spines and laser stinger, but given its mechanical nature, I'll leave it at the fact that the abdomen is too big, with perhaps the closest example I can give in relation to the roundness of the gaster being that of gall wasps!

[Image Sources: bugguide.net, Jim Moore, Wikimedia Commons, S.E. Thorpe, and Flickr, Judy Gallagher | Image IDs: Three photos, one of a black and yellow shield-handed wasp on a white surface, the next of a black specimen of the genus Dendrocerus in front of a white background, the last one of a black and red Cynipid gall wasp on a brown wooden surface /End IDs.]

As for FunBeemon, this one seems a lot more natural on nature, with a very clear inspiration too. Body's properly segmented, the color could stand to be a tiny bit darker though. The correct number of wings, legs, and eyes. But the eyes that are supposed to be compound are these glassy, mammalian eyes, and the legs aren't quite colored or segmented right, with too few claws on most legs as well. The antennae seem to be segmented properly though! Even with little lines that seem to imply the presence of the flagellomeres, not quite clear on that though. The mandibles shouldn't be grey like that, and the head in general is a bit too wide and round. It has the same strange abdominal spines as Waspmon, which shouldn't be there, as I don't believe any species of bee has those. But they did get the "serrated" (barbed) stinger right, even if it is far too thick!

[Image Sources: Jupiter's Wasp House, ie Myself, and Cambridge University | Image IDs: A photo of a black and yellow honey bee on a human hand, followed by four images of a honey bee's stinger viewed on an extremely close up scale /End IDs.]

Finally, when it comes to CannonBeemon... What's going on here? Don't get me wrong here, it's awesome, but it does also look like Polistes dominula got freaky with a FusionFall Shattergun. All bits aside, this Digimon does fall into essentially the same category as Waspmon, it's too mechanical to really bother with the details, this one even moreso. Everything I said about Waspmon's general head area still applies. It has the right wing count, though they are thin for something as heavy as this thing has to be (the Wiki says 38g but I'm not sure about that for something so big and metallic, not gonna lie). It has only four, very short legs, with little grabby hands at the end, which while incorrect is actually pretty cute. The shape is too abnormal to compare to any real wasp, though I do quite like the use of hexagonal cell shapes here in reference to real social bees' and wasps' hive structures. That's about it for that, though.

Now, what about their behaviors? Well, as one might expect, Waspmon is the defensive soldier type, patrolling the viscinity of the hive, being aggressive enough to divebomb Digimon that get too close. Now, I won't deny that wasps do divebomb as an offensive move against potential hive invaders, but they act on far more than distance to the hive, their reaction to an individual's presence is based on a multitude of factors, such as movement/body language, their level of familiarity with the threat, and of course, actual actions taken by the potential threat to harm the hive, among other things. That said, these Digimon do seem to be quite intelligent, as the wiki states "The antenna-parts on its head have high reconnaissance ability", IE they are able to gather information essentially at the level of a special operative. A real wasp can remember quite a lot, though it definitely takes in more than just what it can detect through smell.

CannonBeemon is also a line of defense for the hive, though being much more powerful, both of these Digimon use lasers instead of venom, as you could've probably guessed from their mechanical structures, which is, of course, not true for actual wasps. I'm sure I don't have to tell you that wasps don't fire lasers though. Whether or not these two soldiers hunt for or feed on anything is unclear.

As for FunBeemon, it also doesn't seem to be out gathering food either, but it does gather some materials, those being bits of "home data", to build up the hive the same way many social Hymenopterans would gather wood, dirt, or the material needed to make wax. This Digimon gets along well with plant Digimon, which should probably be the case for all the rest of them too but whatever. These ones, too, also attack... With projectiles, they fire off their stingers like arrows. This is a surprisingly common thing amongst representations of stinging Hymenopterans in media? strange... They also have a second ability to summon allies, which is unfortunately, for whatever reason, referred to as "88 Call". Apparently this is because 8 in Japanese can be read as "Hachi", which is also a word that refers to eusocial Hymenopterans, like honey bees, but of course, two eights can also be read in a far, far worse way. Different potential connotations aside, the description of this move says that FunBeemon summons allies with its antennae, which, as far as I know, the alarm pheromones of bees are not produced in or near the antennae.

Back to the material gathering and building of the hive though! It turns out that FunBeemon isn't the only one who helps to build the hive, as it's aided by-

HERE COMES A NEW CHALLENGER! - FORGEBEEMON

[Image ID: The official render of ForgeBeemon /End IDs.]

This guy! Not much to say here in terms of accuracy, as I don't think they're really trying for that here. But I do really love that they accounted for its ocelli in the mask design! Coulda used a bit more space around the compound eyes though. It's got antennae, which aren't segmented right, but they're present, and bend in the right place. It also has wings that are even tinier than CannonBeemon! Its two moves are also defense by way of offense, with a saw-like stinger, and two extra robotic arms that can produce a powerful electric discharge.

It's not called a "Forge" for nothing, either, as these bees are the ones that take materials and bond them together with an adhesive called "Honey Glue" (Don't think that's how that works, but oh well) that's produced in its abdomen, much like how honey bees produce wax!

[Image Source: Hive And Honey Apiary | Image ID: A photo of a black and yellow honey bee producing wax from its abdominal glands /End IDs.]

But, if they have a hive, and live in the same eusocial manner as some real honey bees and vespid wasps, then they must have a Queen! I wonder what it looks like-

HERE COMES A NEW CHALLENGER! - QUEENBEEMON

[Image ID: The official render of QueenBeemon /End IDs.]

... That's just a human woman in a costume... Are y'all sure this is a Digimon?... Well, I mean, it still has absolute power over the hive, so I guess yeah, that's their queen, but... Huh.

Well QueenBeemon gets a badass army and a badass mech chair with venom shot arms and laser turrets at least. Surely that's the end of them and that's all that needs to be s-

HERE COMES A- OK JUST GET IT OVER WITH - VESPAMON AND TIGER VESPAMON

[Image IDs: The official renders of Vespamon and Tiger Vespamon /End IDs.]

Alright, more guys in suits. Human status is less clear given the fact they have no skin showing, but they're definitely humanoid... I can at least comment on the fact they seem to be designed to be male, which, if they're meant to be soldiers/workers too (Where are the drones??) that wouldn't be the case, as the vast majority of male social wasps (including bees) do not have defensive capabilities and don't leave the hive nearly as often as the females.

But that HAS to be it? Right? RIGH-

OH COME ON - HONEYBEEMON, FLYBEEMON, JEWELBEEMON, AND DINOBEEMON

[Image IDs: The official renders of HoneyBeemon, FlyBeemon, JewelBeemon, and DinoBeemon /End IDs.]

... I'm not even gonna bother.

-

WaspBeemon and FunBeemon (Ranked on accuracy): 6.5/10

CannonBeemon and ForgeBeemon (Accuracy not considered, ranked on design): 5/10 - 6/10

Everyone Else: [DISQUALIFIED]

-

Leave your wasp review suggestion in the replies, tags, or askbox!

[addicted2wasps]

A bunch of Diplolepis rosae embedded in a tiny pincushion. One of the common names for this wasp is Robin's pincushion gall wasp, but then my brain went off on a tangent, and I just imagined a bunch of Cynipids sticking out of an actual pincushion from their ovipositors. Don't mind me.... 😅

[emmaklee]

cynipid gall

ph Dean Morley

[entomoblog]

Les guêpes gallicoles ont généralement des glandes à venin de grande taille par rapport à leur corps, ce qui suggère que leur venin joue un rôle clé dans la formation des galles végétales

See on Scoop.it - EntomoNews

Wasps that generate plant growths called galls commonly have large venom glands relative to body size, suggesting a key role for venom in gall formation.

  Gall-Inducing Wasps Have Enlarged Venom Glands, Study Finds

By John P. Roche, Ph.D.

01.12.2023

  -------

NDÉ

Traduction

  Les guêpes qui produisent des galles ont des glandes à venin hypertrophiées, d'après une étude Une nouvelle étude révèle que les guêpes qui produisent des excroissances végétales parasites appelées galles ont généralement des glandes à venin de grande taille par rapport à leur corps, ce qui suggère que leur venin joue un rôle clé dans la formation des galles végétales.

  [Image] Une femelle de guêpe gallicole pond des œufs dans la nervure centrale d'une feuille de chêne rouge. Les guêpes de la famille des Cynipidae utilisent des composés pour stimuler la croissance d'excroissances protectrices, appelées galles, dans lesquelles leurs petits peuvent se nourrir et grandir dans une enceinte protectrice. Dans une nouvelle étude sur les guêpes à galles réalisée par des chercheurs de la Penn State University, les chercheurs ont examiné l'anatomie des espèces de cynipides et ont découvert que les guêpes inductrices de galles ont des glandes à venin particulièrement grandes, ce qui implique le venin dans l'induction des galles. (Photo d'Antoine Guiguet, Ph.D.)

  L'étude

  Comparative anatomy of venom glands suggests a role of maternal secretions in gall induction by cynipid wasps (Hymenoptera: Cynipidae) | Insect Systematics and Diversity | 13.10.2023 https://academic.oup.com/isd/article/7/5/3/7310975?login=false

[coffeenuts]

cynipid wasp galls by myriorama https://flic.kr/p/2nJZvBV

[usgsbiml]

This is picture 9 from a 12 picture invited series by Matt Buffington (matt.buffington@usda.gov) at the USDA Parastitic Hymentoptera group using specimens from the U.S. Natural History Museum Smithsonian. Matt uses a system very similar to ours to photograph and stack this super tiny wasp. Looking for the missing link between gall wasps and other cynipoids?  Look no further than Parnips nigripes!  This wasp parasitizes Barbotinia gall wasps that gall Papaver in the Mediterranean; how's that for being super-specific?  Well, this wasp also has many morphological features of gall wasps, so we consider this species to 'bridge' the entomophagous figitid wasps with the phytophagous cynipid wasps!

[mosquitogirl]

various cynipid wasp galls

[rcannon992]

Oak galls: currants and spangles

Oak galls: currants and spangles

[itscolossal]

Macro Photos Spotlight the Colorful, Whimsical Plant Growths Caused by Cynipid Wasps

[onenicebugperday]

Hello... ! I'm really into cynipid wasps and their galls recently, do you think you could post some?

It’s oftentimes very difficult to find good photos of adult gall wasps! But...I will see what I can find, and if I can’t find adults, I could at least post an array of interesting galls. I’ll do that soon. :)

[wapiti3]

Wales Cynipides 

collection of original tricks performed under the direction of the late Dr. Jules Giraud  with text by G. Darboux and C. Houard.

Publication info Paris: VA, USA, 1907. BHL Collections: Smithsonian Libraries

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