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nixiebytes · 3 years ago

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TYPES OF COMPUTER NETWORKS

A computer network is a cluster of computers over a shared communication path that work for the purpose of sharing resources from one computer to another, provided by or located on the network nodes.

Some of the uses of computer networks are the following:

Communicating using email, video, instant messaging, etc.

Sharing devices such as printers, scanners, etc.

Sharing files

Sharing software and operating programs on remote systems

Allowing network users to easily access and maintain information

Types of Computer Networks

Personal Area Network (PAN)

Local Area Network (LAN)

Wide Area Network (WAN)

Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN)

Campus Area Network (CAN)

Metropolitan Area Network (MAN)

Storage Area Network (SAN)

System-Area Network (SAN)

Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN)

Enterprise Private Network (EPN)

Virtual Private Network

These are explained as following below.

1. Personal Area Network (PAN) :

PAN is the most basic type of computer network. This network is restrained to a single person, that is, communication between the computer devices is centred only to an individual’s work space. PAN offers a network range of 10 meters from a person to the device providing communication.

Examples of PAN are USB, computer, phone, tablet, printer, PDA, etc.

2. Local Area Network (LAN) :

LAN is the most frequently used network. A LAN is a computer network that connects computers together through a common communication path, contained within a limited area, that is, locally. A LAN encompasses two or more computers connected over a server. The two important technologies involved in this network are Ethernet and Wi-fi.

Examples of LAN are networking in a home, school, library, laboratory, college, office, etc.

3. Wide Area Network (WAN) :

WAN is a type of computer network that connects computers over a large geographical distance through a shared communication path. It is not restrained to a single location but extends over many locations. WAN can also be defined as a group of local area networks that communicate with each other.

The most common example of WAN is the Internet

4. Wireless Local Area Network (WLAN) :

WLAN is a type of computer network that acts as a local area network but makes use of wireless network technology like Wi-Fi. This network doesn’t allow devices communicating over physical cables like in LAN, but allows devices to communicate wirelessly.

The most common example of WLAN is Wi-Fi.

5. Campus Area Network (CAN) :

CAN is bigger than a LAN but smaller than a MAN. This is a type of computer network which is usually used in places like a school or college. This network covers a limited geographical area that is, it spreads across several buildings within the campus.

Examples of CAN are networks that cover schools, colleges, buildings, etc.

6. Metropolitan Area Network (MAN) :

A MAN is larger than a LAN but smaller than a WAN. This is the type of computer network that connects computers over a geographical distance through a shared communication path over a city, town or metropolitan area.

Examples of MAN are networking in towns, cities, a single large city, large area within multiple buildings, etc.

7. Storage Area Network (SAN) :

SAN is a type of computer network that is high speed and connects groups of storage devices to several servers. This network does not depend on LAN or WAN.. Instead, a SAN moves the storage resources from the network to its own high-powered network. A SAN provides access to block-level data storage.

Examples of SAN are a network of disks accessed by a network of servers.

8. System Area Network (SAN) :

A SAN is a type of computer network that connects a cluster of high performance computers. It is a connection-oriented and high bandwidth network. A SAN is a type of LAN that handles high amounts of information in large requests. This network is useful for processing applications that require high network performance.

Microsoft SQL Server 2005 uses SAN through virtual interface adapter.

9. Passive Optical Local Area Network (POLAN) :

A POLAN is a type of computer network which is an alternative to a LAN. POLAN uses optical splitters to split an optical signal from a single strand of single mode optical fiber to multiple signals to distribute users and devices. In short, POLAN is a point to multipoint LAN architecture.

10. Enterprise Private Network (EPN) :

EPN is a type of computer network mostly used by businesses that want a secure connection over various locations to share computer resources.

11. Virtual Private Network (VPN) :

A VPN is a type of computer network that extends a private network across the internet and lets the user send and receive data as if they were connected to a private network even though they are not. Through a virtual point to point connection users can access a private network remotely. VPN protects you from malicious sources by operating as a medium that gives you protected network connection.

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rocheston-blog · 2 years ago

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Ethical Hacking: The Vital Role of Cybersecurity Professionals

In an era dominated by technology, where cyber threats are rampant, the need for skilled cybersecurity professionals has never been more critical. Among these professionals, ethical hackers, also known as white hat hackers, play a significant role in safeguarding digital infrastructure and protecting organizations from malicious attacks.

This article explores the world of ethical hacking and delves into the crucial role that cybersecurity professionals play in identifying vulnerabilities, fortifying defenses, and contributing to a safer cyberspace.

Understanding Ethical Hacking

Ethical hacking is a practice where skilled individuals, known as ethical hackers, utilize their expertise to assess the security posture of computer systems, networks, and applications. These professionals conduct authorized hacking attempts, mimicking the techniques employed by malicious jhackers, but with the intent of uncovering vulnerabilities rather than exploiting them. Ethical hacking serves as a proactive approach to identifying weaknesses before they can be leveraged by cybercriminals.

The Role of Ethical Hackers

Identifying Vulnerabilities: Ethical hackers are responsible for conducting comprehensive security assessments of computer systems and networks to identify vulnerabilities. By performing penetration testing and vulnerability assessments, they expose weaknesses that could be exploited by malicious hackers. Their findings provide crucial insights for organizations to fortify their defenses and patch vulnerabilities effectively.

Testing and Evaluating Security Measures: Ethical hackers evaluate the effectiveness of existing security measures, including firewalls, intrusion detection systems, and access controls. They simulate real-world attack scenarios to gauge the system's resilience and identify areas for improvement. Through their testing and evaluation, ethical hackers help organizations enhance their security infrastructure.

Mitigating Risks and Developing Countermeasures: Ethical hackers play a vital role in helping organizations mitigate risks by suggesting effective countermeasures. Their expertise enables them to recommend security enhancements, implement security controls, and develop incident response plans. By working closely with organizations, ethical hackers contribute to a proactive approach in preventing cyber-attacks.

Ethical Hacking Training and Awareness: Cybersecurity professionals, including ethical hackers, have a crucial role in educating organizations and individuals about the importance of cybersecurity. They conduct training sessions, workshops, and awareness programs to equip individuals with the knowledge and skills needed to protect themselves from cyber threats. Through their efforts, they empower others to adopt secure practices and foster a culture of cybersecurity.

Challenges Faced by Ethical Hackers

Legal and Ethical Boundaries: Ethical hackers must navigate legal and ethical boundaries carefully. While their intention is to help organizations, they must operate within legal frameworks and obtain proper authorization for their activities. Balancing the need to test and assess security systems with compliance and privacy requirements can pose significant challenges.

Keeping Pace with Evolving Threats: The landscape of cyber threats is constantly evolving, and ethical hackers must stay updated with the latest attack techniques, vulnerabilities, and defensive measures. Continuous learning and professional development are crucial for ethical hackers to remain effective in their roles.

Limited Resources and Support: Ethical hackers may face resource constraints, including access to sophisticated tools and technology needed to perform comprehensive assessments. Organizations must provide the necessary resources and support to ethical hackers, ensuring they have the tools and expertise required to carry out their tasks effectively.

Public Perception and Stereotypes: Ethical hackers sometimes face skepticism and negative perceptions from the public. Misconceptions about their intentions and the nature of their work can create challenges in building trust with organizations and the broader community. Educating the public about the importance of ethical hacking and its positive impact is essential.

Ethical Hacking Best Practices

Authorized and Ethical Approach: Ethical hackers must always operate within the boundaries of the law, obtaining proper authorization before conducting security assessments. They must adhere to ethical guidelines and respect privacy rights while conducting their activities.

Continuous Learning and Skill Development: Ethical hackers should stay updated with the latest tools, techniques, and emerging threats in the cybersecurity landscape. They must invest in continuous learning and professional development to enhance their skills and knowledge.

Collaboration and Information Sharing: Ethical hackers should actively participate in cybersecurity communities, sharing information, insights, and best practices. Collaboration with other cybersecurity professionals enhances collective knowledge and helps in combating cyber threats effectively.

Effective Communication: Ethical hackers should possess strong communication skills to effectively convey technical concepts to non-technical stakeholders. Clear and concise communication helps organizations understand vulnerabilities, risks, and recommended countermeasures.

Conclusion

In a world where cyber threats continue to evolve, the role of ethical hackers and cybersecurity professionals is indispensable. Their dedication to identifying vulnerabilities, assessing security measures, and developing countermeasures is instrumental in ensuring the safety and resilience of digital infrastructure.

To harness the full potential of ethical hacking, organizations must provide adequate support, resources, and legal frameworks to facilitate the work of ethical hackers. Collaboration and information sharing within the cybersecurity community further enhance the collective effort to combat cyber threats.

As technology advances and cyber threats become increasingly sophisticated, the demand for skilled ethical hackers will continue to rise. The role of these professionals goes beyond technical expertise; they serve as guardians of the digital realm, contributing to a safer and more secure cyberspace for individuals, organizations, and society as a whole.

#datasecurity linux ransomware phishing ethicalhacking cybersecuritytraining cybersecurityawareness malware informationsecurity infosec

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