#ultra diffuse galaxies | Explore Tumblr posts and blogs

inkyvoids · 2 years ago

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Astronomers have discovered a ghost-like galaxy twice as large as our own Milky Way but no more massive than the puny Small Magellanic Cloud, our galaxy’s dwarf satellite. Since the new galaxy’s stars are spread out over a huge volume, it’s invisible to most telescopes, like a Halloween specter. The origin of Nube (Spanish for “cloud”), as astronomers are calling the new find, may challenge popular ideas about the nature of dark matter.

#ultra diffuse galaxies #dark matter #sky and telescope

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spacetimewithstuartgary · 5 months ago

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'Ghost towns' of the universe: Ultra-faint, rare dwarf galaxies offer clues to the early cosmos

Three ultra-faint dwarf galaxies residing in an isolated region of space were found to contain only very old stars, supporting the theory that events in the early universe cut star formation short in the smallest galaxies.

A team of astronomers led by David Sand, a professor of astronomy at the University of Arizona Steward Observatory, has uncovered three faint and ultra-faint dwarf galaxies in the vicinity of NGC 300, a galaxy approximately 6.5 million light-years from Earth. These rare discoveries – named Sculptor A, B and C – offer an unprecedented opportunity to study the smallest galaxies in the universe and the cosmic forces that halted their star formation billions of years ago.

Sand presented the findings, which are published in The Astrophysical Journal Letters, during a press briefing at the 245th Meeting of the American Astronomical Society in National Harbor, Maryland, on Wednesday.

Ultra-faint dwarf galaxies are the faintest type of galaxy in the universe. Typically containing just a few hundred to thousands of stars – compared to the hundreds of billions that make up the Milky Way – these small diffuse structures usually hide inconspicuously among the many brighter residents of the sky. For this reason, astronomers have previously had the most luck finding them nearby, in the vicinity of the Milky Way.

But this presents a problem for understanding them; the Milky Way's gravitational forces and hot gases in its outermost reaches strip away the dwarf galaxies' gas and interfere with their natural evolution. Additionally, further beyond the Milky Way, ultra-faint dwarf galaxies increasingly become too diffuse and unresolvable for astronomers and traditional computer algorithms to detect.

"Small galaxies like these are remnants from the early universe," Sand said. "They help us understand what conditions were like when the first stars and galaxies formed, and why some galaxies stopped creating new stars entirely."

A manual search by eye was needed to discover three faint and ultra-faint dwarf galaxies. Sand saw them when reviewing images taken for the DECam Legacy Survey, or DECaLS, one of three public surveys known as the DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys, which jointly imaged about a third of the sky to provide targets for the ongoing Dark Energy Spectroscopic Instrument, or DESI, Survey.

"It was during the pandemic," Sand recalled. "I was watching TV and scrolling through the DESI Legacy Survey viewer, focusing on areas of sky that I knew hadn't been searched before. It took a few hours of casual searching – and then boom! They just popped out."

The Sculptor galaxies are among the first ultra-faint dwarf galaxies found in a pristine, isolated environment free from the influence of the Milky Way or other large structures. To investigate these galaxies further, Sand and his team used the Gemini South telescope, one half of the International Gemini Observatory, partly funded by the NSF and operated by NSF NOIRLab..

Gemini South's Gemini Multi-Object Spectrograph captured all three galaxies in exquisite detail. An analysis of the data showed that they appear to be empty of gas and contain only very old stars, suggesting that their star formation was stifled long ago. This bolsters existing theories that ultra-faint dwarf galaxies are stellar "ghost towns" where star formation was cut off in the early universe.

"This is exactly what we would expect for such tiny objects," Sand said. "Gas is the crucial raw material required to coalesce and ignite the fusion of a new star. But ultra-faint dwarf galaxies just have too little gravity to hold on to this all-important ingredient, and it is easily lost when they are affected by nearby, massive galaxies."

Because the Sculptor galaxies are far from any larger galaxies, their gas could not have been removed by giant neighbors. An alternative explanation is what astronomers call the Epoch of Reionization – a period not long after the Big Bang when high-energy ultraviolet photons filled the cosmos, potentially boiling away the gas in the smallest galaxies. Another possibility is that some of the earliest stars in the dwarf galaxies underwent energetic supernova explosions, emitting ejecta at up to 35 million kilometers (about 20 million miles) per hour and pushing the gas out of their own hosts from within.

Dwarf galaxies could open a window into studying the very early universe, according to the research team, because the Epoch of Reionization potentially connects the current-day structure of all galaxies with the earliest formation of structure on a cosmological scale.

"We don't know how strong or uniform this reionization effect was," Sand explained. "It could be that reionization is patchy, not occurring everywhere all at once."

To answer that question, astronomers need to find more objects like the Sculptor galaxies. By enlisting machine learning tools, Sand and his team hope to automate and accelerate discoveries, in hopes that astronomers can draw stronger conclusions.

IMAGE: The three ultra-faint dwarf galaxies reside in a region of space isolated from the environmental influence of larger objects. Containing only very old stars, they support the theory that star formation was cut short in the early universe. Credit DECaLS/DESI Legacy Imaging Surveys/LBNL/DOE & KPNO/CTIO/NOIRLab/NSF/AURA

#science #space #astronomy #physics #news #nasa #astrophysics #esa

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startswithabang · 9 months ago

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Does dark matter interact non-gravitationally at all?

When we look at ultra-faint galaxies, we find that the distribution of dark matter cannot match what simulations predict.

Does dark matter have a non-gravitational interaction?

Not necessarily.

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unknownnnghostt · 4 months ago

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I can’t sleep and I’m bored therefore why not a fic with my favorite pink alien from MHA andddd a Oc I created

OC information:

His name is tekuromoto ongaku

Quirk: wind manipulation- he can manipulate the wind creating strong gusts of wind and even able to create objects made by wind, even controlling the density and temperature of the wind.

Personality; quiet at first but once you get to know him, he’s chill and very affectionate for his friends and loves to make puns and tease his friends and love a good battle or quirk training

Hero name: typhoon

But yesss enjoy

A rather plus ultra discovery!”

Switches: Mina ashido/(oc) tekerumoto ongaku

(Please enjoy :P)

It was a rainy day at the Class 1-A dormitories and a certain pink alien was bored and walking around the hallways trying to find something to do “mannn everyone is in their room busy isn’t there ANYONE I can hangout with” suddenly, Mina’s wish was granted when she heard a loud but obviously irritated “UGH I need to find something to do” Mina’s eyes light up as she recognized that voice, it was her newest classmate tekerumoto or as she calls him tekeru (his common nickname other than ongaku)Mina raced to the common room where she heard the distress signal “ohhhhhh TEKERUUUUUU” Mina slid out of the hallway into the common area looking around finding tekeru in the kitchen looking for snacks”AH- oh hey Mina nice to see you!” Tekeru tried to sound cheery but he looked down and sounded irritated, detective Mina was immediately on the case walking towards him concerned “hey you okay you sound like something is bothering you, you okay?” Tekeru knew he couldn’t really hide his emotions, especially from Mina. The two have been really close to each other ever since he first joined class 1-A and we’re now best friends “uh yea I’m fine just looking for a snack but can’t find one”he knew not to look at Mina’s face because there was a pantry FULL of snacks he liked”rightttttt…I’m serious tekeru you can talk to me about anything!” Tekeru finally looked at her and started blushing”o-okay but can we talk in my room cause it’s embarrassing” Mina giggled and grabbed a bag of chips before walking out the kitchen” sure thing! TOO YOUR ROOOOOM!” Tekeru couldn’t help but giggle at his friends silliness, he grabbed some snacks and the two went up to tekerus room” man your room is always such a vibe tekeru” his room was dark but had both led lights and a galaxy projector with purple and real furniture and a aroma diffuser the shape of a cloud with a bunch of music posters and even a speaker with calming rain sounds playing” heh thanks i still have to get some more stuff but i want a game system and a tv also” tekeru said sitting on his bean bag chair inviting Mina to sit in the other one (got bored again HIIIII)” sooo what’s this embarrassing thingggg? I would loveeeee to knowwww” Mina teased looking at tekeru smiling, her tricked worked cause tekeru was a blushing mess in a matter of seconds” oh don’t start! But uhhh some times i uh” tekeru stopped for a second and looked around “hey you can trust me okay? Whatever you tell me stays between you and me” Mina said looking at him, tekeru looking back at Mina for a second before smiling and taking a deep breath he continued”some times I get uhh these moods and their so annoying I wish they would go away!” Tekeru stated but he looked at Mina to see her reaction to which Mina responded” okay and what are these moods?” Tekeru too a second before blushing like crazy and finally saying it “uhh a mood to tickle someone or be tickled” he looked away closing his eyes before hearing the biggest “AWEEEEEEEEE TEKERUUUU THATS SOO CUTEEEEE” from Mina which made his face a tomato at this point “ why didn’t you ever tell me thissss?” Mina stated grabbing tekerus arms as they were now covering his face “ it’s embarrassing ik if spiky spiky boom boy found out he wouldn’t let me hear the end of it same with kirishima or thunderbolt”tekeru said looking away “hey, those guys aren’t that bad, they wouldn’t judge you for that if they knew but they won’t because this stays between me and you” “Mina hugged her best friend and then went back to her bean bag “so would you like to tickle me?” Mina asked teasing tekeru, tekeru finally calmed down… and then started blushing again (great job Mina)” I uh if you don’t mind I erm y-yes” tekeru said covering his face, Mina giggled and sat up smiling “okay! I’m all yours!” She said winking,”I ummm could I start with your feet?” Tekeru said finally uncovering his face and the blush wore off “ oh gosh hehe sure but I’m really ticklish there” Mina said “oh? I’ll keep that in mind could you put your feet in my lap?” Mina nodded and put her Kirby socked feet in his lap “

Tekeru looked at her socked soles for a second before looking at her

“Ready?” Tekeru asked, a giggly but excited Mina nodded “do your worst typhoon” tekeru looked at her and smiled ‘oh she’s so asking for it’ he thought but he started slowly tracing his finger over her soles causing Mina to start giggling “heheheheheheheheohhehehehehegoshhehehe” Mina tried wiggling her toes but it didn’t help at all, tekeru kept this up for a while before stopping and looking at Mina “can I take the socks off?” He smiled. That shy teenager was no longer there, only Mina ever saw this side of tekeru “yes go ahead don’t get too happy tho~” Mina winked and tekeru squeaked”eep that’s it-“ tekeru flipped Mina over on her stomach and sat on her legs “eep hey I was just joking heh” Mina nervously giggled as she felt her socks being taken off “ohhh it wa sa joke well you forgot to laugh, let’s try again” and with that tekeru began scribbling his fingers all over her pink soles” EEEEEKHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAWAITHAHAHAHAHAHAHANOOHOHOHOHOHOHFAIREEEEEK!” Mina squeaked an laughed, dang this boy is a good tickler “why are you laughing? I didn’t say nothing funny yet” tekeru said “AHAHAHAHAHAHAHAAOHHOHOHOHOHOHOHOHGEEZHAHAHAHAHAHAHAITTICKLESHEHEHEHEHE” Mina didn’t even try to fight it, aslong as her bestie was having fun she was having fun, plus she loved being tickled” tickle? What is that? I’m not even doing nothing to you, just sitting on you” oh the teasing was so bad and Mina HATED LOVED IT, suddenly tekeru stopped and turned Mina over in her back and used his quirk to pin Mina’s arms above her head “WOAHHHOHO oh geez hehehehe your really good hehe” Mina giggled”thanks now could I roll your shirt up a little?” Mina blushed but nodded hiding her face “I uh- go ahead” Mina was a tiny bit insectabiut her stomach but tekeru knew that which is why he said “woah” and started blushing like crazy “Mina looked at him” what?” Mina said looking confused, snapping back to reality tekeru looked away” SORRY it’s just your tummy is very cute” tekeru said, Mina blushed and smirked “if you like it so much go ahead and taste it” tekeru looked at her and immediately started scribbling his hands all over her bare tummy, “EEEEEEKHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHANONONONONONONONJAHAHAHAHHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHTEKHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHEHWAITHAHAHAHAHAHA” oh did Mina regret those teases right now, trying to squirm but failing she closed her eyes turning into a laughing mess”you laugh is so cuteeeee I guess you can say I’m BLOWN away by your laughter” tekeru heard a groan followed by slightly harder laughter from his pink best friend, tekeru moto was infamous for his corny joke ESPECIALLY about wind and his quirk, one day his jokes are gonna land him someone he’s gonna regret(foreshadowing ooooooo~)

“BREAKHAHAHAHAHAHAHABREAKAHAHSHAHAHAHAHAHAHAHAPLEASEHEHEHEHEHEH” Mina cried out hoping tekeru wasn’t evil, thankfully tekeru immediately stopped” OH GEEZ sorry sorry I didn’t mean to go overboard!” Tekeru said panicking” I’m…..huff huff huff huff I’m okay huff huff huff” a tired Mina said “I just needed a break” she said smiling, tekeru got up and sat next to her “well how about this?” He started to rub her stomach removing the ghost tickles “mmmm that’s good” Mina said however she looked up at tekeru and saw he was starting at something…. He had been staring at it for a while and that something was….her belly! Wait no her bellybutton! Mina thought for a second then smiled” hey do you want to touch it?” Snapping tekeru out his mind he said “what? Touch what?” Mina giggled and started teasing him “ aweeeee I see you staring at my bellybutton, you’ve been staring at it like you want to eat it or something hehehe~” Mina smiled knowing she was getting to tekeru, she indeedly was, tekeru had tuned red and started covering his face “I’m sorry I didn’t mean to stare” hey hey it’s okay but you can touch it if you want too I don’t mind” Mina said smiling “maybe another time I think you’ve faced enough torture” tekeru said giggling “oh yea?” Mina said smirking, “….yea” tekeru said looking at Mina “well tell me something my windy friend” Mina said sitting up “is the great typhoon ticklish himself?” Mina immediately lunged at tekeru. Mr aizawa was about to walk in the room when he heard a very rare sound, laughter, not just any laughter, very windy laughter along with pleas for mercy and a lot of “ I can’t take it!” Mr aizawa just laughed before moving to the next dorm. Looks like tekerumotos day wasn’t gonna be a breeze after all.

#mina ashido #my hero academia #ticking #tickle fic #my hero academia tickle #mha tickle #sfw tickling community

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kalifissure · 4 months ago

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### **🔭 Observational Signatures of Neutron Emergence in Voids**

If **neutrons emerge from Einstein-Rosen bridges in deep voids**, we should detect **unique physical signatures** at void centers. These could include:

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## **1️⃣ Ultra-Cold Monatomic Hydrogen (Dark Matter-Like Signature)**

🔹 **Prediction:**

- If neutrons decay in voids, they create **cold, diffuse hydrogen gas**.

- This gas should be in an **ultra-low-energy Rydberg state**, behaving like weakly interacting mass.

🔹 **How to Observe:**

✅ **21-cm Hydrogen Line Surveys** – Use radio telescopes (e.g., **FAST, SKA**) to search for **anomalous, ultra-cold hydrogen** in voids.

✅ **Gravitational Lensing Studies** – Look for **dark matter-like effects** without typical WIMP interaction signals.

🔹 **Expected Result:**

- Void centers should have **nonthermal hydrogen clouds** that are colder and more diffuse than those near galaxies.

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## **2️⃣ Anisotropic Gravitational Lensing (Directional Matter Flow Signature)**

🔹 **Prediction:**

- Neutrons should **emerge directionally** from ER bridges, creating **subtle gravitational distortions**.

- This effect should **align with the flow of hydrogen into the cosmic web**.

🔹 **How to Observe:**

✅ **Weak Gravitational Lensing Surveys** – Look for **nonrandom distortions** in background galaxy shapes within voids.

✅ **Kinematic Mapping of Void Filaments** – Compare **hydrogen velocity vectors** to predicted neutron flow patterns.

🔹 **Expected Result:**

- Void lensing should be **slightly anisotropic**, indicating **matter emergence in preferred directions**.

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## **3️⃣ Low-Energy Gamma-Ray & Neutrino Excess (Neutron Decay Signature)**

🔹 **Prediction:**

- Free neutron decay emits **low-energy gamma rays (0.78 MeV) and electron anti-neutrinos**.

- Void centers should show an excess of **diffuse MeV-range gamma radiation**.

🔹 **How to Observe:**

✅ **Gamma-Ray Telescopes (Fermi, INTEGRAL, AMEGO)** – Look for a **diffuse MeV gamma-ray background peaking at 0.78 MeV**.

✅ **Neutrino Detectors (IceCube, JUNO, Hyper-Kamiokande)** – Detect **anomalous low-energy anti-neutrino flux** from voids.

🔹 **Expected Result:**

- A **spatial correlation** between void centers and excess MeV gamma/neutrino signals.

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## **🛰️ Best Current Data to Check**

- **21-cm Void Hydrogen Surveys** (SARAS, EDGES, LOFAR)

- **Fermi-LAT & INTEGRAL Diffuse Gamma-Ray Maps**

- **IceCube & JUNO Neutrino Event Distributions**

Would you like me to **search for any existing anomalous data in these areas** or propose a specific **observational experiment**?

#science #physics #cosmology #youtube #topology #astrophysics #theoretical physics #mathematics #crackpot theories #freedom

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privacyscreenguardfortabs · 4 hours ago

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monpetitrobot · 1 month ago

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#advancedmanufacturing #ConsumerElectronics #DisplayDurability #FlexibleOLED #materialinnovation #productionscalability #QuantumDot #RegionalEcosystems

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atplblog · 2 months ago

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news786hz · 2 months ago

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An Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy Found With Almost No Dark Matter

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10bmnews · 2 months ago

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Galaxy Formation: IIA study decodes the curious case of missing dark matter from distant galaxy | India News

Image of ultra diffuse galaxy “NGC 1052 – DF2”, taken by the ACS/WFC instrument on the Hubble Space Telescope. (Picture credit: DST) A distant galaxy once thought to lack a key ingredient in galaxy formation may now be better understood, thanks to new research from Bengaluru’s Indian Institute of Astrophysics (IIA). Their recent study, published in Astronomy & Astrophysics, revisits the puzzling…

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dailyreportonline · 5 months ago

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Researchers Spot Unusual, Overmassive Globular Clusters in Ultra-Diffuse Galaxy FCC 224 | Daily Reports Online

A team of researchers has observed an ultra-diffuse galaxy, FCC 224, uncovering an unusual system of globular clusters. The galaxy, located in the Fornax cluster approximately 65 million light-years away, has been found to host luminous and overmassive globular clusters. The study, conducted using the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) and supported by spectroscopic data from the Keck Cosmic Web Imager…

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travis08 · 6 months ago

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YouTube Video Equipment: A Comprehensive Guide for Aspiring Creators

YouTube has become a dominant platform for content creators, offering endless opportunities to share your voice, showcase talents, and even build a thriving career. However, creating high-quality videos requires more than just a creative idea—it demands the right equipment. In this comprehensive guide, we’ll explore the essential YouTube video equipment you need to produce professional content, cater to your audience, and elevate your channel.

Why You Need the Right Equipment

The quality of your videos directly impacts your YouTube watch time. A crisp image, clear audio, and seamless editing create a professional look that attracts viewers and keeps them engaged. Investing in the right YouTube video equipment helps you:

Boost viewer retention: People are more likely to watch and subscribe to channels with high-quality production.

Stand out from competitors: Exceptional visuals and sound set you apart in a crowded market.

Increase monetisation opportunities: Advertisers and sponsors often prefer creators with polished content. This helps in quick YouTube monetisation.

Essential YouTube Video Equipment

1. Camera

Your camera is the cornerstone of your YouTube setup. The best camera for you depends on your budget and the type of content you create. Here are some popular options:

DSLR and Mirrorless Cameras: These offer excellent video quality and versatility. Examples include the Canon EOS R50 or Sony Alpha a6400.

Action Cameras: Compact and durable, these are ideal for outdoor or adventure-based content. The GoPro HERO11 is a top choice.

Smartphones: Modern smartphones like the iPhone 14 Pro or Samsung Galaxy S23 Ultra deliver impressive video quality, making them a great starting point.

Webcams: Perfect for live streaming or simple setups, webcams like the Logitech C922 Pro are affordable and effective.

2. Microphone

Clear audio is equally, if not more, important than video quality. Viewers quickly lose interest if they struggle to hear you. Depending on your recording environment, consider:

Lavalier Microphones: Small and discreet, ideal for interviews and vlogs. Examples: Rode Wireless GO II.

Shotgun Microphones: Capture focused sound and reduce background noise. Examples: Rode VideoMic Pro+ or Deity V-Mic D3 Pro.

USB Microphones: Great for voiceovers and podcasts. Examples: Blue Yeti or Audio-Technica AT2020USB+.

XLR Microphones: Professional-grade microphones for advanced setups, requiring an audio interface. Examples: Shure SM7B.

3. Lighting

Lighting dramatically affects the quality of your videos. Poor lighting can make even the best camera footage look amateurish. Essential lighting equipment includes:

Ring Lights: Provide soft, even lighting for beauty, tutorials, or vlogs. Popular option: Neewer 18-inch Ring Light.

Softbox Lights: Great for studio setups, delivering diffused light. Examples: Godox SB-UE80 or Neewer Softbox Kit.

LED Panels: Versatile and adjustable, suitable for various shooting conditions. Examples: Elgato Key Light or Neewer 660 LED Panel.

Natural Light: Free and effective, but ensure consistent lighting with reflectors or diffusers.

4. Tripod and Stabilization Gear

Stability is crucial for professional-looking videos. Invest in stabilization equipment to eliminate shaky footage:

Tripods: A basic necessity for static shots. Examples: Manfrotto Compact Action or Joby GorillaPod.

Gimbals: Ensure smooth motion for cinematic shots. Examples: DJI Ronin-SC or Zhiyun Crane M3.

Camera Sliders: Add dynamic motion to your videos. Examples: Neewer Motorized Camera Slider.

5. Editing Software

Post-production turns raw footage into polished content. Reliable video editing software is an essential tool for any creator:

Beginner-Friendly Options: iMovie (Mac) or Adobe Premiere Rush.

Professional Software: Adobe Premiere Pro, Final Cut Pro, or DaVinci Resolve.

Mobile Apps: LumaFusion or Kinemaster for on-the-go editing.

6. Background and Props

Your background sets the tone of your video. Consider:

Green Screens: Enable digital backgrounds for flexibility. Example: Elgato Green Screen.

Decorative Backdrops: Enhance aesthetics with stylish or thematic backdrops.

Props and Accessories: Add personality and relevance to your videos.

7. External Monitors and Teleprompters

External monitors help you monitor your video’s quality in real time. Teleprompters are invaluable for delivering scripts seamlessly. Examples include:

External Monitors: Atomos Ninja V.

Teleprompters: Glide Gear TMP100.

8. Storage and Backup Solutions

High-resolution video files consume significant storage space. Equip yourself with reliable storage options:

SD Cards: Use high-capacity, high-speed cards like SanDisk Extreme Pro.

External Hard Drives: Store and back up your footage. Examples: Seagate Backup Plus or Western Digital My Passport.

Cloud Storage: Services like Google Drive or Dropbox offer convenient access to your files.

Building a YouTube Studio

Creating a dedicated space for recording simplifies your workflow and improves production quality. Here’s how to set up your studio:

Choose a Quiet Space: Minimize background noise for clean audio.

Optimize Acoustics: Use soundproofing panels or foam to reduce echoes.

Set Up Lighting: Arrange lights for consistent and flattering illumination.

Organize Your Equipment: Keep your gear tidy and easily accessible.

Budget-Friendly YouTube Video Equipment

Starting a YouTube channel doesn’t have to break the bank. Here’s a basic setup for beginners:

Camera: Use your smartphone.

Microphone: Invest in a budget-friendly USB microphone like the Fifine K669.

Lighting: Use natural light with a reflector.

Tripod: Affordable options like AmazonBasics 60-Inch Tripod.

Editing Software: Free programs like DaVinci Resolve or Shotcut.

Upgrading Your Equipment

As your channel grows, you may want to upgrade your equipment. Prioritise investments based on your needs:

Improve Audio: Upgrade to a high-quality microphone.

Enhance Video Quality: Transition from a smartphone to a DSLR or mirrorless camera.

Expand Lighting Options: Add softbox or LED lights for creative effects.

Invest in Accessories: Purchase gimbals, sliders, or additional lenses.

Tips for Maximizing Your Equipment

Learn Your Gear: Take the time to understand how your equipment works to use it effectively.

Experiment: Try different setups and techniques to find what works best for your content.

Maintain Your Equipment: Regular cleaning and proper storage extend your gear’s lifespan.

Focus on Content: While equipment enhances quality, engaging content is what keeps viewers coming back.

Conclusion

Investing in the right YouTube video equipment is essential for creating high-quality content that resonates with your audience. From cameras and microphones to lighting and editing software, each piece of equipment plays a crucial role in your production process. Whether you’re a beginner on a budget or an experienced creator looking to upgrade, this guide provides the tools and tips to succeed on YouTube. Start with what you have, improve your skills, and upgrade your gear as you grow—your audience will appreciate the effort you put into delivering outstanding videos.

#youtube #youtube video views #views on youtube

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spacetimewithstuartgary · 2 months ago

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Evidence of Dark Matter-Free Dwarf Galaxy Challenges Conventional Galaxy Formation Models

Astronomers using W. M. Keck Observatory on Maunakea, Hawaiʻi Island have found compelling evidence of a dark matter-deficient dwarf galaxy, FCC 224. This ultra-diffuse galaxy is located on the outskirts of the Fornax Cluster, approximately 60-65 million light-years from Earth. The discovery challenges the traditional cosmological paradigm, which assumes dark matter is a fundamental component in galaxy formation. Previously, dark matter-deficient galaxies without any ongoing star formation had only been claimed in one other place, the NGC 1052 group, and the new observations suggest such objects may be more widespread than previously thought.

The unusual galaxy was profiled in two complimentary studies. The first study, led by Doctoral Candidate Yimeng Tang of the University of California, Santa Cruz and published in the journal Astrophysical Journal, analyzes FCC 224’s unique globular star cluster system. The second, led by Doctoral Candidate Maria Luísa Buzzo of Swinburne University and of the European Southern Observatory, and published in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics, explores the dark matter content of the galaxy and possible scenarios for its formation.

“Globular clusters are often used as a proxy to estimate the amount of dark matter a galaxy contains,” said Buzzo. “For some reason this galaxy (FCC 224) has an unusual number of luminous clusters and no dark matter, at least within its inner regions. No existing galaxy formation model within our standard cosmological paradigm can currently explain how this galaxy came to be.”

Buzzo’s research investigated the dark matter content of FCC 224 using high-resolution spectroscopy from Keck Observatory’s Keck Cosmic Web Imager (KCWI). She explored its similarities to previously claimed dark matter-free dwarf galaxies DF2 and DF4, located within the NGC 1052 galaxy group, to determine whether or not FCC 224 belongs to the same class of galaxies. Buzzo’s research builds upon the initial findings of Tang, who, using imaging from NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope (HST), found that FCC 224 has star clusters similar to other dark matter-deficient galaxies. Their research suggests that these types of star clusters may be linked to a lack of dark matter, challenging conventional models of galaxy formation. The Keck Observatory/KCWI data were obtained through a Swinburne University proposal under Principal Investigator (PI) Duncan Forbes, while the HST data were acquired through a program led by PI Aaron Romanowsky.

“The new high-resolution red arm of KCWI enabled us to measure very precisely the motions within the galaxy, which can be used to trace its dark matter content,” explained Buzzo. “KCWI’s high spectral resolution allowed us to precisely measure the motions (velocity dispersion) within FCC 224’s stars and globular clusters,” said Tang. “These measurements confirmed that the galaxy exhibits an extremely low velocity dispersion -- a hallmark of dark matter deficiency.”

Both teams highlight the need for further observations to understand the mechanisms behind FCC 224’s formation. One leading hypothesis is that an external interaction, such as a high-velocity collision, may have separated the galaxy’s dark and visible matter, a formation scenario known as ‘the bullet-dwarf model’. However, additional data is required to test this theory. “FCC 224 serves as a crucial data point in our effort to identify and study other dark matter-deficient galaxies,” Buzzo added. “By expanding the sample size, we can refine our understanding of these rare galaxies and of the role of dark matter in dwarf galaxy formation.”

The discovery of FCC 224 outside the NGC 1052 group suggests that dark matter-deficient galaxies may be more common than previously believed, raising fundamental questions about the necessity of dark matter in shaping galaxies. As observational capabilities improve, astronomers aim to conduct larger surveys to identify similar galaxies and investigate their origins.

IMAGE: ST/WFC3 F475X/F814W pseudo-color image of the ultra-diffuse galaxy FCC 224, located in the Fornax cluster as imaged by the Hubble Space Telescope (HST).

#science #space #astronomy #physics #news #astrophysics

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merelygifted · 1 year ago

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'We do not understand how it can exist': Astronomers baffled by 'almost invisible' dwarf galaxy that upends a dark matter theory | Live Science

The Nube dwarf galaxy (center) has an unusually low concentration of stars that does not fit with our understanding of the universe. (Image credit: GTC/Mireia Montes)

Scientists have discovered an "almost invisible" dwarf galaxy that cannot be explained by our current understanding of the cosmos. The mysteriously faint object, which has evaded detection for years, is so dim that researchers haven't even been able to pin down exactly where it is.

The newfound galaxy, named Nube (or "cloud" in Spanish), was described in a study published Jan. 9 in the journal Astronomy & Astrophysics. Nube is extremely diffuse, which means that its stars are very spread out and, as a result, the galaxy emits barely any light. It is around 10 times fainter than most other known dwarf galaxies and is more than 10 times wider than it should be considering the number of stars it has.

"With our present knowledge we do not understand how a galaxy with such extreme characteristics can exist," study lead author Mireia Montes, an astrophysicist at the Institute of Astrophysics of the Canary Islands, said in a statement.

The researchers discovered Nube when they reanalyzed data collected by the Sloan Digital Sky Survey — one of the largest and most detailed astronomical databases of the night sky — and spotted a small inconsistency that had gone unnoticed for years. After catching the anomaly, the team took ultra-deep multicolor images of the outlying coordinates using the Green Bank Telescope in West Virginia and the Gran Telescopio Canarias in La Palma, Spain.

But even then, Nube is so faint that the team cannot accurately pin down its exact distance from our own galaxy. The researchers suspect that it is around 300 million light-years from the Milky Way, and around a third of the size across, but further observations are needed to confirm this. ...

Had a delightful, silly, brilliant, bizarre, expensive-looking black street rescue kitty whom I named Anubis w/in 20 mins of our meeting. Our beasties always have many nicknames, and a few of hers included Anubie, Nubie, and Nube {but pronounced ‘noob’}. Hence the name bestowed upon this strange, dark galaxy tickles me on several levels.

#Astronomy #Astrophysics #Nube #Galaxies #WHOA

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govindhtech · 2 years ago

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