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usafphantom2 · 3 years ago

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Cost and operational availability of the main aeronautical assets

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 10/09/2022 - 12:00 in Military

The correct evaluation of a combatant force, - whether surface ships (crusaders, destroyers and frigates), submarines, combat tanks (MBT) or aircraft - needs to take into account, in addition to the expenditures with the development of the project and acquisition of the means, its operational cost and availability.

By way of example, the current nuclear propulsion missile launchers (SSBN) submarines have an operational availability of approximately 50%. Not for any other reason, the U.S. Navy hopes, with the new "Columbia" class, to increase this percentage in relation to the "Ohio" class, allowing the current number of 14 vessels with 24 SLBM (Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles) missiles each to be replaced, without prejudice to efficiency, by 12 units equipped with 16 SLBM missiles

On the other hand, the operational availability of the 400 ICBM (Inter-Continental Ballistic Missiles) LGM-30 Minuteman III is close to 95%. In fact, this is exactly the synergy of the nuclear triad, since each vector, - SLBM launched from submarines, ICBM in reinforced silos and ALCM (Air-Launched Cruise Missiles) fired from strategic bombers -, has confrontational advantages and disadvantages, which make the "everything" more efficient than each of the types of vectors separately considered

In the particular case of combat aircraft, in addition to their operational capacity, it is always necessary to evaluate the operational cost and availability, including the measurement of life cycle values.

In 2012, the most reliable numbers then available indicated that, as for the first parameter, the Eurofighter Typhoon (US$ 18 thousand/hour of flight) spends little more than twice as much as a Lockheed F-16 Falcon (US$7.7 thousand/hour), more than three times in relation to the Saab Gripen C/D (US$ 4.7 thousand/hour) and

When it comes to 5th generation aircraft, with stealth capability, the values are even higher, forcing a Lockheed Martin F-35A Lightning II to consume about US$ 38,000/hour of flight. Already the hourly cost of flight of a Lockheed Martin F-22 Raptor, - the most capable and sophisticated fighter in service on the U. S. Air Force (USAF) -, can revolve around an impressive $70,000, about 10 times more than the operating costs of the Gripen I/F (these values are current).

The great impact of costs comes from several factors (considering the high complexity of the Raptor), but mainly from the sophisticated coatings of the aircraft, which expand its stealth capacity. These coatings are made of special materials that absorb the energy radiated by radars, and the "skin" of the fighter also has a complex internal structure in the form of a hive. The F-22 also incorporates a number of innovative systems that substantially increase maintenance costs, such as the complex Radar Warning Receiver, which includes more than 30 antennas scattered throughout the aircraft.

Thus, each F-22 requires more than 40 hours of maintenance for each hour of flight, greatly reducing its operational availability. To give you an idea, allegedly only 40-50% of the F-22 fleet (accounted in 2021 on a total of 165 aircraft in the USAF and another 20 in the Air National Guard - ANG, according to 'The Military Balance 2021", IISS, London, ps. 58-59), or approximately 90 aircraft, is completely able, at a given time, to carry out

Very differently from what common sense deduces, fuel expenses have very little impact on the composition of these values, not only in the case of the Raptor but also in the case of other equally complex aircraft (the F-35 Lightning II stealth light fighter and the Stealth Northrop Grumman B-2 Spirit bomber, for example). Fuel expenses vary according to numerous factors, but, on average, an F-22 consumes 2,000 to 3,000 gallons per hour, representing an average expenditure of about US$ 5,000/hour of flight, that is, less than 10% of the total value.

Another important factor that aircraft operators account for is the so-called "cost per life cycle", referring to the expenditures of an aircraft during the entire time lapse foreseen for its operation. In the case of Raptor, it is estimated at $334 million, meaning that each F-22 will demand this amount throughout its period of operational activity.

In terms of operational availability, as a rule, the more complex and capable the combat plane, the lower its percentage degree of availability. Thus, despite being the Grumman F-14D Super Tomcat (with its AIM-54 Phoenix missiles guided by active radar and with more than 200km of range) more capable than the F-18E/F Super Hornet (which replaced it), its operational availability (depending on the number of man-to-home hours required for maintenance) was lower. Thus, the replacement undertaken by U. S. Navy enabled a greater number of aircraft available for emergency use.

In the same sense, the superiority of the Boeing F-15 Eagle (never shot down in aerial combat) and its latest version, the F-15EX Eagle II, over the latest version of the F-16 Falcon remains indisputable. However, the costs of its flight hour are much higher and its operational availability (number of fleet aircraft ready for combat) is much lower, requiring the USAF to have a "mix" of aircraft of both models, conceiving an indispensable complementarity between combative capacity and operational availability.

Reis Friede - Professor Emeritus of the School of Command and Chief of the Army (ECEME), Honorary Professor of the School of Command and General Staff of Aeronautics (ECEMAR), Professor Emeritus of the School of Improvement of Army Officers (EsAO) and Special Lecturer of the School of War (ESG).

Tags: Military AviationUSAF - United States Air Force / US Air Force

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Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, he has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. It has works published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. Uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation.

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pleasantwizardphilosopher · 4 years ago

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Here it is! Chapter 2 of my current fic, based on the first one. Here I explore Lena's past.

Lena always wanted to help, even when her whole family acted otherwise, she wanted to do good. She had been adopted by the Luthors at the young age of 4, and before that, well, there wasn’t much, she had already forgotten her birth mother’s face, all that was left was warmth and melodic birdsong-like voice, soft, gentle, and caring in a way she’d soon forget, and a light smell of lavender and cotton. Her mother drowned, she is still not sure how that happened, one instant they were both on the shore of the lake, laughing and playing with the sand, the next moment it was all splashing sounds and bubbling, then, nothing. No scream, no cries, the green-eyed girl never cried and never mourned.

When she arrived at the Luthor Manor for the first time she felt how the cold halls and whispering air took an enormous spot on her heart and body, cold ice climbing up her nerves and settling as a cold hand on her skin. That feeling never went away. Her stepmother, Lillian only took one full look at her, from her small school-girl shoes to her loose raven hair and forest-green eyes and decided she hated her and would make the little girl’s life a living hell. She never broke her self-promise. She started right away, throwing her stuffed teddy bear, which still had her mother’s scent, to the trash and forbidding her to take it out. Even going as far as to send her to a boarding school in Ireland for most of Lena’s education. Lena always learnt fast, she was a certified genius after all, and learnt to control her reactions, her expressions and to lock up her emotions deep within her mind every time those ice-cold blue eyes looked at her as if she was worth nothing, every time a seething instruction came out of those fine lips, or when they turned into a disgusted scowl towards her. Lillian will never know but she helped build those two very opposite sides of Lena, the cold, calculating and rehearsed woman, and whoever Lena might be like on the inside, when no one is watching.

Actually, it was all of them, who help built Lena like that, cold, controlled, manipulative. Putting in place slowly every brick that would ultimately represent their own destruction (which she hadn’t planned, obviously).

Lionel always cared for her, in his own “here’s money” way, and loved (?) her, she’ll never really know that hell, are Luthors even capable of love? He was a first, that day in her new foster home, after the rescue teams and paramedics managed to untangle little Lena from the cold, lifeless body of her mother, hours after someone had finally noticed the bright green-eyed girl staring fixatedly and intently into the lake. Hours after rescuers and search parties came and dug her mother’s body out of the lake, blue-ish and stiff; he came into the house as someone used to be the most powerful person in the room, he stood tall as his lawyers arranged everything for Lena to go with him. She’ll never forget his eyes, cold, measured and absolutely broken, he smelled like fine tobacco, ironed clothes, and expensive vodka. The Irish girl didn’t know it, but that day Lena Kieran died, and Lena Luthor was born.

Her father did love her, or so he endlessly sore, albeit it definitely didn’t seem like it every time he got home drunk (asshole). It was, fortunately, easy to predict, most days dear Father would come home taking full swings from a very expensive whiskey bottle. It usually happened after a successful expansion, board meeting or launched project, however, other times, he seemingly just wanted to get lost, to run away from the ghosts that plagued his mind. The first signs of his arrival were the roaring engine of his sports car, roaring fiercely as the driver lacked control, almost pushing it through the front double doors. Then, after the front heavy wooden doors were closed behind him by some unfortunate staff member, the scent of sweat, saliva and booze would fill the hallways, a telltale of fear. The first time it happened, she was 5 years old and she didn’t know why Lex and Lillian had suddenly disappeared, so, she went straight to daddy, who had just arrived. Sure, he smelled sour, and his blue eyes were unfocused, glassy, but who could blame her for wanting her father’s attention? When he lifted his hand she innocently and naively thought he was going to lift her, that illusion shattered the moment his ringed hand found her cheek. The stinging pain she felt was drowned down by the hollow sound it made, like broken porcelain, fear squeezing her lungs, taking every breath from them. Tiny drops of splattered blood prickled her white blouse and light green skirt, dripping slowly from her split lip, and she prayed for someone to come rescue her. The air around them stilled, a strong smell of iron filling the hall. Just when he was about to get his second hit, with the back of his hand this time and the full blow of his rings, Lex pulled her away and dragged her to his room, far from Lionel’s grasp, her hero.

After that fatidic night her half-brother Lex, short for Alexander (how sweet), took her under his wing, teaching her everything he knew, he was the only member of the Luthor’s household who actually made her feel welcomed. Their sibling’s relationship started off easy and innocent, with Lex teaching her how to play chess, where she proved her superior ability for the game. Astonished by her abilities and smartness, Lex pulled her into more of his projects, lending her philosophy and physics books, challenging her mind, becoming her mentor, always pushing her harder. Always praised by her older brother, Lena got to overcome great problems and let her bright mind loose, coming up with revolutionary ideas and theories that Lex let her test out in his lab, by his side.

And by his side she designed many innovations that would potentially revolutionize bioengineering and medicine. Her first grand scale development was a first-aid drone, which could be programmed to arrive on site in less than 5 minutes, providing immediate help to people in need with precious extra minutes and allowing medical experts to control it remotely, giving first-instance attention to severely injured people. Its main use was car accidents. She also realized significative advances in cancer research, with nanoparticles and DNA targeted vectors. However, she also worked doing important scientific theorizing and advances with inter-dimensional travel and near-light’s speed travel, she was a certified genius after all, and could understand advanced physics as if it were a kid’s game. It was this particular work that got her giving a magistral conference during an important science colloquium. She was at her first year of PhD studies, after getting a Master’s Degrees from MIT (studied simultaneously) at the surprising age of 20, making people in scientific communities and media outlets go insane.

In that particular fair she crossed paths with several bright-minded people. There were amazing projects, as the one from a South African guy, who theorized that Tesla coils could be supercharged and employed as main power sources for industrial plants. Listening to the guy speak, adding a few helpful comments here and there, as was expected from the genius green-eyed woman; she overheard a couple of investors talking about a water purification system based solely on solar radiation. She was stunned, from what she heard of the project it could be built in series with minor costs and given at an extremely low cost to the general public. An action plan was already being envisioned in her mind, and if her numbers were correct (they always were), the overall fabrication cost would be of five dollars, selling it at seven dollars each unit would represent great profits, simultaneously making the product available for anyone anywhere in the world. She needed to see that. She needed to help them help others, as it was her wish.

She wouldn’t get to see said mind-blowing project though, as the conference she was going to give attracted more attention than previously thought, she had to get together with the staff earlier than planned in order for them to place some microphones on her person and put on a little camera-adequate make up on her face. While she was with that, several TV-screens were placed outside the venue’s auditorium for everyone to watch. Lena thought they were overreacting. She was wrong (gladly). Her conference blew out the auditorium’s capacity as nearly everyone present wanted to hear about her work, there were a few narrow-minded colleagues that tried to throw her off-balance with ironic and physically impossible theories and enquiries and a few others where there just to ogle her. However, most of them were there to marvel at her intelligence and praise her brilliance. By the end of the conference, she was quickly ushered towards a waiting car, she had received a call from Lillian that she was needed in Metropolis as soon as possible, dear father had died (such pity) from a heart attack and Lex would take over LuthorCorp.

When Lex lost his mind, she was also there, by his side. This time, unlike the many other moments she had spent next to him, she didn’t feel safe, nor free, she didn’t feel anything. There was only silence. If the world had stopped spinning right at that instant, Lena couldn’t tell. And then all noises came rushing back, like a tsunami, flooding her mind with unbearable hurt, making her throat close and her fist clench on the armrests in a desperate attempt to ground herself. His breath smelled like vodka, a nasty habit they both had taken up from Lionel, drowning their feelings, he was laughing madly, extremely loud, splitting saliva everywhere, as he told his baby sister about his mass-murder, race-wiping, plan to end Superman and all aliens on Earth. He went on and on, about how other races didn’t belong there and how humans like him (fucking psychopath) had been chosen to protect Earth, he was a savior you see (he wished). Lena wasn’t entirely listening, as her body started to get numb both from being tied to a chair and from the endless hurt and betrayal she was feeling. Her brother, the only truth she knew, the only one who always stood by her, defending her from Lionel’s worst and standing by her on Lillian’s best. Who supported her scientific quests, no matter how out of the box and unlikely they were, who held her in his arms until she felt asleep that first time Lionel hit her, rocking her softly and humming a slow melody, who gave her every book she loved. And now he was gone. The only trace left from her loving brother was his face, now twisted in a scowl almost beyond recognition. At that moment, everything Lena Luthor had built herself to be broke apart.

The FBI freed her hours later, hours from listening to Lex’s xenophobic world-domination plan. By the time they managed to hold Lex down, her tears had already dried on her face, the only trace of them being the mild light grey marks on her cheeks, where they rolled endlessly while she begged her brother to stop and come back to her, and her smeared mascara, from rubbing her eyes with her shoulders in a futile attempt to stop new tears from streaming down her face. The raven-haired woman could only listen above the piercing ringing in her ears, not minding the FBI’s questions, nor her lawyer’s. She felt empty, truly empty, up to a level where the pain seemed to have rooted into her bones and muscles, making her slow and heavy, filled only with sorrow. Just as the man being taken away was Lex’s shell, the brother who loved her and whom she admired; she had now become a shell of her own. Broken beyond recognition, irreparably, the same way glass shatters under a hammer.

She got to her apartment and packed a bag; she didn’t even need to think about it, she grabbed her most important necessities and threw them carelessly into a suitcase, closing it without even bothering to verify its contents. Calling a car to pick her up and telling Jess, her new assistant, to get the board members of LuthorCorp and her personal jet at the ready, as there were modifications that needed to take place at that moment. Without looking back, she strode out of her apartment directly into her waiting car, it took every ounce of her willpower for her not to simply run towards traffic and fling herself to the first taxi in sight. That definitely wasn’t what was expected from her, the new CEO of LuthorCorp since she was next in the succession line after Lex. Feeling her mouth go dry and the huge lump in her throat tighten at the thought of her former half-brother, she instead focused on the road to her private hangar.

Taking two Advil with a generous amount of scotch (thank you very much) she stated for the nth time to her investors why she was moving LuthorCorp’s headquarters to National City (breathe Lena), the company needed a fresh start after everything her blood had done with it, particularly a bald someone she used to know; the throbbing of her head getting worse every instant as those old white misogynists debate her ability to rule the company, as newly promoted CEO. After several more excruciating back and forth arguments her decision was accepted, and it definitely had not anything to do with the ice-cold fear that had settled in her lower back and lungs after that day’s events, nor with the horrors she saw every time she closed her eyes.

She needed a fresh start, one that allowed her to never look back, and so she did, she moved to National City, getting a penthouse in the highest building in the city, she never thought about it, she never regretted it, and furthermore, she never looked back. Not even after the moving company left all her belongings in her new home and she found a picture of her and Lex smiling, not when she first got rid of everything that reminded her of her Luthor upbringing, not when she finally cried herself to sleep, two days after arriving in the new city, two days which she spent napping for less than 20 minutes as the nightmares of her insane brother haunted her, holding her tears back with bench-press strength. She didn’t. And she didn’t regret it, as it was the least she could have asked for after the experience she had lived, seared in her mind and marked in her skin in the shape of dark red lines around her wrists and ankles, bruising slightly. As she unconsciously rubbed her left wrist softy, looking out to the city, seeing the sun rise, bringing with it the soft smell of baked bread and coffee, she thought that maybe this is where she was meant to be after all. Maybe she could forget.

Let me know your thoughts.

You can read both chapters on AO3

#supercorp #lena luthor #karlena #i am supercorp trash #supergirl #kara danvers #i wrote this on a whim #lillian is a bitch nothing new there #kara x lena #lena luthor need a hug #maybe two #this is raw y'all #please give me feedback #lex went insane again

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genos-walking-autoclave · 5 years ago

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Consequences

A sequel to “Genos is the worst”

!! This post has webcomic Spoilers sprinkled throughout. !!

I started thinking about something a while back which I needed to spend some time philosophizing over before I was ready to share it. There is something I can visualize so clearly looking at the One Punch Man Universe. What it looks like is a field of vectors acting on and emanating from the ‘nouns’ in this show, especially the characters. Put together it looks a bit like a river with various rapids, inlets, and currents. Each hero, as far as I can tell, has an intended vector direction of some kind, which if followed exactly would lead them to their ‘ideal hero’ goal. However, as in life, they also have a complex array of internal and external acting vectors that skew their intended direction in some way.

For example: Amai Mask is skewed from his path to his ideal hero by the external forces of society’s prejudice and ignorance. He also skewes his own path internally by grotesque perfectionism. Instead of becoming an icon for self-love, Amai is almost narcissistic in his shame. His trajectory is also impacted by the fact that as a result of his illusion he has almost no one around him to support him in a moment of uncharacteristic vulnerability. If it weren’t for Saitama and Genos, Amai might have been burned alive by the same crowds that adored him moments before. So at the end of the day by failing to correct, redirect, to calibrate for certain vectors which acted against his idealized self Amai experiences a significant and painful setback, hopefully only a setback. (I’m actually really worried about Amai.)

What particular forces act in favor or to the detriment of certain character’s goals are a bit subjective and so if you want to be a better predictor of what happens in this show you have to start asking yourself, how does ONE think about these characters? What does ONE think is important? And since you can never truly know the mind of someone, often even those closest, good luck with that. (but since I can be a bit crazy and obsessive I’ve been on a continuing endeavor to understand him a little better). In the end I realized I’m still chasing my tail. I’m still searching for my personal avatar/philosopher's stone. I’m still asking the same question that I’m always asking and looking for the answers in the wrong places.

But I’ll share a bit of what I picked up along the way.

One of the most useful things I think fans can do to improve their interpretation of One Punch Man, is to abandon the expectation that the heroes (other that Saitama) with necessarily and always act the way you’ve been conditioned to believe heroes will be and instead follow the trail of cause and effect, track the consequences of the heroes’ actions. What I’m talking about isn’t a revolutionary idea, in effect weaving together a series of ‘cause and effect’ reactions is the basis to any plot. What I think makes OPM different is the author’s fidelity to the details about a character and the impact those details will make in the unfolding of the individual character’s plots. ONE seems to be idealistic and good-hearted and often shows ‘good’ winning out in the end over ‘evil’ (ONE’s sense of ‘good and evil’ is a whole different conversation). But good winning in the end isn’t usually done in a startling upset, and even when it’s a startling victory ONE seems to make clear that it wasn’t necessarily because the hero had somehow done something extraordinarily outside of their skill-sets but rather that their skills-sets were uniquely capable of handling that difficulty or that something had changed for the villain that disempowered them to some extent.

A while back I wrote an intentionally controversial piece which was best concluded by @gofancyninjaworld here: (https://gofancyninjaworld.tumblr.com/post/621211638647898112/genos-is-the-worsttm ) This was never intended to fully represent my views, complete, or the end of the story. It was however a very important exercise for me personally. What I was hoping to do, partly, is to clarify for myself a number of the vectors that are or may act against Genos’ long term goals directly or indirectly. This isn’t meant to be a moral judgement on the character for certain behaviors. ONE himself seems to have a wide tolerance for some ethically ‘gray’ behaviors. BUT one thing that watching Mob Psycho 100 helped clarify for me is that those actions have inter and intra personal consequences. Those consequences aren’t always a judgement either. Mob doesn’t finish the race because his body is not strong enough yet. Reigen finds himself under scrutiny and almost losing everything because of how he treated Mob and his questionable business practices but as a consequence of Mob’s compassion he is spared a worse fate. Saitama loses all his hair as a consequence of becoming a hero. From the broad to the mundane ONE seems to be good at tracking keystone behaviors and their long term ramifications.

Genos has one goal -effectively- and that, similarly to Amai Mask, is nothing less than perfection. It’s not just revenge, it’s not just protecting people, it’s not just being the strongest, it’s not just being validated by Saitama or being Saitama’s best disciple, he wants it all. Which has turned him into a bit of a whirl-pool. When perfection is what you seek every action is pain. Every move is contradictory to another goal. His previously discussed faults, in addition to the flow and tragedy of life, will accumulate into a storm which he will have to weather. In my view the storm has been brewing for a while and more recently in the webcomic, it seems you can taste it in the air. Genos and Amai have mirrored each other before in subtle ways, are we going to find that Genos, like Amai, finds himself vulnerable with no one on his side? Even Saitama has been distancing himself from Genos recently. Will the consequence of Genos’ pride and determination to carry the weight of the world on his own shoulders break him before he finds a way to let go?

#Genos #amai mask #OPM #one punch man webcomic #one punch man webcomic spoilers #webcomic spoilers #one punch man #one-punch man #consequences

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loveamongthesailors · 5 years ago

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Well, Pathologic 2, you’re One years old! It’s as good a moment as any to reflect upon and shatter the time-lines you’ve drawn out for us. OR; Reading His-Story Against the Grain

i saw this post about pathologics incongruous timeline stuff the other day and i ended up Getting Into It.. this piece draws on stuff from patho classic but its focused on patho 2, especially on a comparison ov the Diurnal and Nocturnal “endings,” and contains spoilers for both games, probably, i guess, on varying levels ov abstraction and explicitness. i/m going to attempt to stand on a street corner and point towards Pathologic’s overall construction/presentation ov “time” as the Now-time, Exploded time, Messianic Time.

from dear daniil dankovsky, on Angels; “An angel is a nightmare. Their purpose is to instill primal, oppressive horror. I think if angels existed, they’d resemble a divine pillar of light---from the heavens to the earth. Devoid of anything remotely human.” We commend this Puppet for his drama but would like to take a slightly different approach. Even awful dreams are good dreams, if you’re doing it right.

“A Klee painting named ‘Angelus Novus’ shows an angel looking as though he is about to move away from something he is fixedly contemplating. His eyes are staring, his mouth is open, his wings are spread. This is how one pictures the angel of history. His face is turned toward the past. Where we perceive a chain of events, he sees one single catastrophe which keeps piling wreckage and hurls it in front of his feet. The angel would like to stay, awaken the dead, and make whole what has been smashed. But a storm is blowing in from Paradise; it has got caught in his wings with such a violence that the angel can no longer close them. The storm irresistibly propels him into the future to which his back is turned, while the pile of debris before him grows skyward. This storm is what we call progress.“

on the content ov patho and in a real Life context, im also going to be discussing genocide ov Indigenous people, colonial Violence, police brutality, and anti-Black violence in this piece. i’ll also be contextualizing some views on History through the writing ov Walter Benjamin, a German born Jew living in the early 20th century, and friend ov Bertolt Brecht, who you may be familiar with if yr into patho. In 1940, shortly after writing On the Concept of History (referenced here),while fleeing persecution for neutral grounds, he was trapped in catalonia by a franco government cancellation ov travel vistas and,under threat ov repatriation to nazis by the spanish police, commited suicide on the night ov september 26. His theses were passed on by surviving members ov his group who were granted “safe” passage after his suicide, being later taken under the care ov Hannah Arendt and Theodor W. Adorno. His Grave reads -in German and in Catalan, reproduced here in english-

"There is no document of culture which is not at the same time a document of barbarism"

(from section 7 ov On the Concept of History)

i will also be using sections from baedan, which has been dear to me over the years, on Benjamin’s Concepts. some songs will be dispersed throughout (featuring Laurie Anderson, Owen Pallett, and some good ol tmg), with relevant links beneath. you’ve heard that old Brecht aphorism about dark times, singing, whatever? i’m nearly sick to death ov it. these stories, in addition, will be based on a few things i know Myself. follow the threads as you see fit <3

Because History is Stories...That we half-remember... And most of them never even get written down. And so when they say things like "We're gonna do this by the book," You have to ask "What book?," Because it would make a big difference if it was Dostoyevsky or just, You know... Ivanhoe.

xxx

“Read what was never written,” runs a line in Hofmannsthal. The reader one should think of here is the true historian. ~ Walter Benjamin, omitted notes to the theses on history

//// //// //// ////

Isidor Burakh: All I wanted was for you to understand, not to follow any particular fate.

...

Isidor Burakh: The Town needs to move forward, but it doesn’t insist. Facing the Future is the the way of Love. Facing the Past is the way of Love. But the two are incompatible, and it broke my heart. //// //// //// ////

so,,, depending on who you ask within Pathologics narrative, the history ov the Town-on-Gorkhon stretches back to Time Immemorial, constitutes a few hundred years ov settlement, or only goes back about as far as You have been playing the game. You’ll hear conflicting narratives around just about everything in this Town. Simon Kain, hundred something years old, mystic, spiritual founder ov a several hundred year old settlement. an executed general’s vengeful daughter, Artemy and Rubins foggy backstories ov military service, what military?, what war? Who sent in the Military and Inquisition, how can We get at the Powers that Be? looking outside ov the narrative and towards history for these sorts ov questions will give us All and None ov the answers.

The Termitary (internment/interment/intermediate/immediate/intermittent) looms over the Home ov Isidor Burakh, Menkhu and sole Medical Practitioner ov the town(excepting disciples. consider the spread ov knowledge, what different Knowledges are at hand and how they perpetuate...we can see how Isidor himself looms from his grave Quite well!), colleague ov radical intellectuals from the Capital and serving with Simon in tandem with the Mistresses to hold the Town together by force. Everything is Happening at Once.

Look at What/Who is Moving this Story Forward. Different ruling families will give you again, different Numbers, different Stories. One can’t trust the Numbers, we say! and One can hardly trust the Stories either, mind you. This engenders an approach based on following Patterns, exploring Roots, pulling back the curtain to ascertain the shape ov things, reading the lines so to speak. one Bull or Several bulls? silly question. again, we’re trying to looking beyond the Numbers. consider Time as a Multiplicity. consider Rhythmic and Linear time, Time Stratified, Unending Time, Plague Time and Empty Time, Lived Time and Time un-Lived, if one pleases!

XVII

“Historicism rightly culminates in universal history. Materialistic historiography differs from it as to method more clearly than from any other kind. Universal history has no theoretical armature. Its method is additive; it musters a mass of data to fill the homogoneous, empty time. Materialistic historiography, on the other hand, is based on a constructive principle. Thinking involves not only the flow of thoughts, but their arrest as well. Where thinking suddenly stops in a configuration pregnant with tensions, it gives that configuration a shock, by which it crystallizes into a monad. A historical materialist approaches a historical subject only where he encounters it as a monad. In this structure he recognizes the sign of a Messianic cessation of happening, or, put differently, a revolutionary chance in the fight for the oppressed past. He takes cognizance of it in order to blast a specific era out of the homogenous course of history—blasting a specific life out of the era or a specific work out of the lifework. As a result of this method the lifework is preserved in this work and at the same time canceled*; in the lifework, the era; and in the era, the entire course of history. The nourishing fruit of the historically understood contains time as a precious but tasteless seed.”

*The Hegelian term aufheben in its threefold meaning: to preserve, to elevate, to cancel.

Everything is happening at once, already, and, for the purposes ov Our story, A plague is on. (why is there a plague on? in this Specific Case, read: Specimen, there is a plague on because infection serves as a very useful allegorical device. haha. see also dominant theories ov infectivity in russian imperial medicine, policy, and social science) Crisis as Inflammation. Violence and Control intensified along multiple vectors. Mobs, Witch Burnings, The Quarantine, districts carved up and kept under surveillance, the Town Police, Arsonists, government or Otherwise, the Military, the Inquisition, Hangings in the square, tallies ov the Dead in the Termitary... Was any ov this new? did it Crystallize from thin air? here’s an aphorism: There’s Nothing New Under the Sun. what can we find beyond the Sun’s reaches? what has the Sun given us, and what has Earth? shall we keep them apart? whose bodies are restricted in their movement over the earth, and how severely are they restricted? who is targeted? who enforces the control? is this what Crisis looks like? when did the Crisis start?

“To articulate the past historically does not mean to recognize it ‘the way it really was’ (Ranke). It means to seize hold of a memory as it flashes up at a moment of danger. Historical materialism wishes to retain that image of the past which unexpectedly appears to man singled out by history at a moment of danger. The danger effects both the content of the tradition and its receivers. The same threat hangs over both: that of becoming a tool of the ruling classes. In every era the attempt must be made anew to wrest tradition away from a conformism that is about to overpower it. The Messiah comes not only as the redeemer, he comes as the subduer of Antichrist. Only that historian will have the gift of fanning the spark of hope in the past who is firmly convinced that even the dead will not be safe from the enemy if he wins. And this enemy has not ceased to be victorious.”

//// //// //// ////

But do not be scared Surely some disaster will descend and equalize us A crisis Will unify the godless and the fearless and the righteous

...

In a certain slant of light the feeling will hit me Like a man against the waves and a violent wind Waking up in a bloody morning With the warmth of his forgiveness around me The shared dream left me shaking The memory is threatening to capsize every ship upon the sea

xxx //// //// //// ////

Pathologic, having mapped out these lines, and being a concatenation ov narrative fiction that could not have existed without the precondition ov colonial expansion and the Extermination and Assimilation ov Indigenous populations and Life ways, can be can be unwound through a conventional historical approach by investigating various moments, epidemics, and movements in The Steppe (and all Land and Living Beings subsumed by Russia’s internal colonization) and looking for similarities, sources, influences, reflections, distortions... You’ll never find quite an exact parallel to the events ov pathologic, and you will find that the Trick that the devisers have given you in fact resides in laying out what can be gleaned from the Tangled view.

“…they make the work a process of learning or experimentation, but also something total every time, where the whole of chance is affirmed in each case, renewable every time,”

— Gilles Deleuze, Difference&Repetition

//// //// //// ////

“For Benjamin, the conclusion of the movement of history through time is not some inevitable utopia—capitalist, communist, or otherwise. Rather than viewing the progression of civilization as an accumulation of gains and reforms toward freedom and justice, history can be seen as the continuous defeat of the exploited by their oppressors; the intensifying alienation of beings and their re-construction into capital. History not only serves to justify today’s rulers, but also to encode our memory with a narrative that reads historical events as a necessary chain of events along the path toward some future revolution or techno-utopia. He describes this as “a view of history that puts its faith in the infinite extent of time and thus concerns itself only with the speed, or lack of it, with which people and epochs advance along the path of progress.”

//// //// //// ////

In your Twelve Days in the town as a Healer, what did you see? piles ov wreckage, debris, bodies stacked under streetlamps flickering in the night? a town spreading across a steppe? a Utopia growing through the Earth? do you think you saved any lives, and was any-body's life yours to save in the first place? a Plague moving through living organisms? a Plague moving through non-living organisms? did you observe any Organisms, living or otherwise, over the course ov the play? do you have Mirrors in your house? have you seen a still, clear, body ov water recently? what are the waterways where you live called, and have they been called anything else in the Past or Present? did you become the Haruspex, and following what paths does becoming-haruspex entail? are you winning, son?

When the hunger turns in on itself, it begins to devour its host Who do you turn to for help? Who do you love the most? When the word comes down the wire that they're looking To make an example of you Skin and bones around a campfire beneath the stars No good end in view I dance with the ones that brought me I dance with the ones that brought me here

xxx

did you observe a Fever? can you feel a Fever? can you Imagine a great crack ov lightning striking across the Steppe, illuminating in raw detail the beauty and horror ov all that you have experienced? how would it smell afterwards? can you smell the Twyre on the air? is Twyre even a real thing? what may influence your imaginary ov its scent? Feel small, dirty hands reaching out for beetles, marbles, raisins, souls within nuts and names without people. Living on pemmican, Living on military rations. razors, fish-hooks, scalpels and syringes passing through the hands ov children as well. noticing the flows present in everything, spots where they are arrested, and the intensities they assume. we could run through the Game and Count up the Number ov Clocks present, and we could also look at how many hours we have Clocked in our Playtime, and the date ov this Play’s Production. did the Kains succeed in their mission to Produce Time? was this the Kain’s mission Alone? how is your mental Clock? We got the Body Count at the end of the day, and commentary too. cant beat that courtesy, *hem hem* but again, looking beyond the Numbers. how many Bulls did you see? when is a question also a trap?

XVIII

“‘In relation to the history of organic life on earth,’ writes a modern biologist, ‘the paltry fifty millennia of homo sapiens constitute something like two seconds at the close of a twenty-four-hour day. On this scale, the history of civilized mankind would fill one-fifth of the last second of the last hour.’ The present, which, as a model of Messianic time, comprises the entire history of mankind in an enormous abridgment, coincides exactly with the stature which the history of mankind has in the universe.”

what are the Consequences ov inserting Living Beings into a Linear Framework? where did Architecture come from? how was this Story constructed? What do you remember about the Town?

We can take the Diurnal “ending” as a fairly straightforward allegorical Byway for the Forces ov Progress. Boundaries are set, You are not the Town, the Town is your Soul-and-a-half.( wikihow to not be a cartesian dualist, consider also Spinoza if laying bare the path ov immanence was ov interest to you) What lays beneath the Sunlight? what still lays beneath the Earth? What time is it? things are weirdly cozy, in some ways. mimesis, echoes, ghosts. Are their voices still heard? grace tallies up the bodies. are You ready to Leave Artemy here? is this a comfortable future for you to imagine? how are you with uncertainty? Does the costume itch? do you ache at the seams, or are your joints sore from all the strings pulling at them? got arthritis? i’ve used stinging nettle. can a Story devour a human being? why would something with that power stop at One?

What Do You Think Will Happen Now?

One can also make the Choice to step into the Darkness. One with many names has returned to the Earth,(”One” ov many False Deaths and Smart Tricks too. love ya girl <3)... taya as mistress-ov-bulls, grace as mistress-ov-dead, changeling as mistress-ov-absolutley-whatever. Mistresses, Mist, Tresses, Bulls, Brides, Worms, Plague...the Theme/s to note here is/are Multiplicity. Is there a difference between imagining the future and the past? Where are you? Where did You come from? the Nocturnal ending already asks enough questions to make me quite happy. sitting next to the Girls now, looking out at the New Sky. same as the old sky, Full ov Magic. if we take Death ov the Author into account, we could say that the Polyhedron belongs to the Dead in more ways than one. We can see your house from here! i wouldn’t say we’ve even gotten to the Prophet yet. When did our Hero leave us? did We have any use for Heroism? the Steppe is in the Stone Yard now. The World is returning to Life. what does it mean for me?

how many angels can dance on the head ov a pin?

how many worm brides can dance in the cathedral?

....“The way in which the dead are present is as the “caress” of a “breath of… air,” as an “echo,” or as a sister who one no longer recognizes. In other words, the past is present and everywhere, touching us every moment and “in the voices we hear,” but only suggestively, in and in spite of our own inability to recognize it. But the possibility for redemption, the weak messianic power, lies in the chance that we might.

In the intimate, ever-present opportunity he describes there is a tremendous deal at stake. For, he writes in the fourth thesis, the “refined and spiritual things” that live in the class struggle “as confidence, courage, humor, cunning, and fortitude, and have effects that reach far back into the past… constantly call into question every victory, past and present, of the rulers.”

Later, turning to the historians he criticizes as tools of the ruling classes, Benjamin makes it clear in his seventh thesis that their resurrection of the past is an entirely different kind. The nature of the sadness—rooted in an indolence of heart—that Flaubert described feeling in his historical study of Carthage is clearer, Benjamin says, when we remember that the historian’s empathy is always with the victor, and thus with the present rulers. It is the kind of sadness, then, that gathers to the loyal servant or minion in knowing that it is being used for its ruler’s purposes”

“Figured another way, the task of interruption requires us to locate the clocktower that we could fire upon to stop the day. Homogenous time no longer flows through the monolithic machines in the city centers. Now, a range of technological advancements have diffused and integrated the machinery of time into our very thoughts and rhythms. Everywhere we go, we are surrounded by and permeated with devices which serve to manage the regime of time. Where once a singular apparatus mediated our relationship to time, its dictatorship is now imposed by an innumerable array. A desire for interruption must now reckon with the countless apparatuses that segment our memory and integrate our very being into capitalist time. But rather than waste time lashing out against all these clocks one after another, let us cut through to what underlies them.

History’s servants promise us a shining future. Whether by means of technological innovation, hard work and sacrifice, or the Revolution, we are assured of a heaven-on-earth of light and crystal. But all of these glimmering apparatuses can only serve to adorn the monumental pile of wreckage in which we live. All around us, the carnage and corpses of our ancestors form the architecture of our daily existence. Not only the walls and freeways and shopping centers, but the smart phones, pornography, surveillance and entertainment systems—all monuments to the same enemy that has never ceased to be victorious. Capital, Leviathan, civilization, society: so many names for the process which turns life into an assemblage of death, which would integrate us as machines into a grander machinery. Futurity is the logic that drives this regime of subjection and assimilation, but is also the science which desecrates our memory of those who also struggled; the treachery which turns their struggles into so many more ideological cadavers. Where living beings once struggled to be free from futurity’s domination of their lives, we are told that they dutifully sacrificed themselves for society’s future. We too are called upon to procreate and raise up children who might one day live better lives than we. But just as we were born into the halls of the dead, so too would our children be the stillborn janitors of these halls, breathing circuits embedded in a massive cybernetic cadaver. Ghosts call out to us: they ask that we tear apart the sutures of this Frankenstein’s monster which they’ve come to constitute. They call on us to cremate their remains and bury the ashes, to end the reign of the dead over the living.”

//// //// //// ////

"I am not afraid," ze said "Of the non-believer within me Nor delight at the pain of my enemies Nor tears for any friends I have lost" ...

I’ll never have any children I’d bear them and eat them, my children

I’m gonna change my body In the light and the shadow of suspicion I am no longer afraid The truth doesn’t terrify us, terrify us My salvation is found in discipline, in discipline

xxxx

//// //// //// ////

“It is apparent from the foregoing that all accumulation is cruel; all renunciation of the present for the sake of the future is cruel.”

— Georges Bataille, The Accursed Share, Volume III

//// //// //// ////

“The Haruspex is blood and organs... ...The Haruspex’s overarching idea is the interconnectedness of everything and restoring the connections... ...The Haruspex hears (rhythms)... ...The Haruspex: water + forward vector. „ — [from the game’s design documents]

“ The Haruspex, a butcher, a killer, one could even say a murderous psychopath, gets the warmest character arc. It’s about love. „ — [from the game’s design documents]

//// //// //// ////

Infinity Mirrored Room—All the Eternal Love I Have for the Pumpkins -

Yayoi Kusama, 2016

//// //// //// ////

A long “personal” anecdote: there’s music on the air and i hear a familiar buzzing. it isn’t twyre growing, nor it is the hum ov flies. we Keep bees here, to get honey. I should try to remember to bring some to my wife tomorrow, though making the journey on its own is a bit daunting these days. 1 hive, 2 hives, the bees build and swarm and our Keeper rearranges the frames, adds in new boxes, tries to give them enough space that they'll stay within our domain. I think about the complex roles being fulfilled within the hive, and how any egg can grow into a so called “Queen” if need be. These Hives haven’t always held the same populations, sometimes a swarm will depart and won’t be Recovered. Look around the neighborhood, find the buzzing tree, you may be able to get them back yet but... have you tried getting a swarm ov bees into a box before? good luck finding the queen! (hoping i don’t have to do this but a bit excited by the prospect at the same time.)

Our honey bees didn't originate from this region, i see them in the “yard” alongside native bees (one tries to plant for Everybody) but obviously, Our Hives are here so i’ll always see more ov the honeybees as long as they’re occupying them. Native bees to our Bioregion are leading very different lifestyles. Different threats, dynamics, and places in the ecosystem as well. Bumblebees are the most Beloved. Native Bees here- vital pollinators, ground and stem burrowers, more solitary souls than most, but are any ov us really alone? what are their favorite flowers?

I think about Bees a lot now. I’m standing here thinking about Bees, and where I’m standing is in between the entrance ov the Hive and their favorite Ceanothus (see also soap brush, red root, buckbrush, see medicinal uses...). Very precious grounds to these Bees, not somewhere where I’m welcome. I Haven’t always known as much about bees. I get stung right inbetween my pinky and index fingers, on the palm ov my hand. yeowch! Bad luck, but i could still use a shovel the next day. This was an anecdote about Paying Attention to Your Surroundings.

The Ceanothus isn’t flowering anymore, and hasn't been for a few “weeks” (i think?) The Bees have other concerns now. In fact, it was heavily damaged in a snow storm a couple years back, and half ov its branches collapsed under the weight ov the ice. Its a bit ov a twisted thing now, what remains still flowers but what remains is not so much. At some point in the future upon yr reading ov this, it will have been cut down and possibly dug out ov the earth. I wouldn't be surprised if a few more, smaller, iterations made their way to this space in remembrance/ tribute. The branches lost in it’s first wounding are still stacked up nearby, all sorts ov creatures love that stuff. Dead trees in the back that Birds still frequent stay for the birds. We never get that many plums because we’re not smart or quick enough, or as willing to take one great bite ov a fruit and let the rest fall to the soil. I didn’t really get stung by a Bee in a situation exactly like what i described up there, it’s drawing on a few different times that sort ov thing happened. I hope you’ll forgive me for my obscurantist tendencies.

Looking past the Hives and onto the Streets, I am a White Settler(family fled the reach ov the Soviet Union to integrate into America, family fled family to a different part ov land under the Reaches ov said “America”,cave fled family but stuck with the Land, recurring patterns, what would my views be if i had grown up in Czechoslovakia? geography, chronology, trick questions) living in a segment ov Town that, until 1968, was a legally a Sundown Town, see Racial Restrictive Covenants. I still don’t see than many Black ppl around my neighborhood. I do see grocery store parking lots swarming with cop cars, more cops than i can Count, at least two k9 units, all to pursue One Black Body through the rainy night, My own Body lets me move through the world without these Forces being brought upon me in this intensity, lets me Watch.

Certain alignments ov directions ov Struggle have brought me into the position ov the Other at the end ov the cudgel, a body in a crowd under the looming eye and long barrel ov the sniper, the surveillance camera. Visibility is a Trap. Any ability i have to Get Off The Hook is based not on Luck or Fate, but due to the way the color ov my skin is reflected in the eyes ov Those in Power. what can i do from inside This Skin, and what can i do with the veil ov a mask obliterating my “selfhood”? How are we to heal? If you didnt read this into my Musical choices already- im a bit ov a flaming/smoldering queer. sitting in the planned parenthood lobby, one among many, gripped by recollections ov the devastating history ov HIV/AIDS and a cluster ov other Crises, memories ov beloved souls lost to policies and hegemony ov extermination and neglect. blood in vials, piss in jars. how does the time spent waiting for results feel?(how long? weeks months?)

I have more free condoms on hand than i’ll ever get through. A veritable theoretical eternity ov Safer Sex. There are Reasons why Queer Institutions give access to free condoms. But i’ve gotten them from some delightful Quakers as well. on another squeamish, libidinal subject, administering self injections isnt so daunting when you’ve seen it done a Million times before. It’s like watching somebody sneeze, or pinching yourself. HRT as potions, mechanical intrusion to will a slow transformation. getting into the fat is easy, some other avenues less so. “This requires the Gentle Hand of a Surgeon, step aside!” i know a lot about what Doctors Don’t Know. (veins and arteries as streets- easy. nerves as streets - you hear this a bit less. streets as eyes, the opening ov your mouth with a railroad track running down it, eyes as streets, whose streets? fuck streets! tear up the concrete)

The aforementioned streets are closed to Traffic due to the Quarantine, and i hear folks and families from the neighborhood walking/hoverboarding/skateboarding/biking down the street,(mostly the new work from home yuppie class and their spawn respectively, but there's some real ones around here too. all ages. have yet to live anywhere that people don't ask me for cigarettes) chattering away, masks or no masks. If i take a long walk down past the cemetery, I’ll find myself passing by a Native American Youth Home, created to provide support for a population that is currently disproportionately represented in this Town’s already Massive Homeless population. (their covid19 resources and donation info) Even with the Plague on, New Condos are built and Old Condos stay empty. Who do the bones in the soil beneath my feet belong to? When did all ov this Start, and how Long will it go on? why does the Map look the way it does? I would rather listen carefully than dig. This Story is not the only Story, nor should any be.

do i remember how the damp asphalt smells Here after Lightning Strikes? do i remember the feeling ov my body thrown to the concrete and the chaos and disorientation ov Crowds mobbing over me, slick with rain and sweat? who saw, and how many hands reached out to lift me up, who saved who? is that my blood trickling down the sidewalk? Flashbangs and Flashes ov Lightning, take yr pick. you can get similar experiential learning in the moshpit. this is an anecdote about Paying Attention to Your Surroundings.

i’ll try to bring us nearer to the point with baedan’s conclusion, a reflection on the First thesis from On the Concept of History. I will leave it up to You to investigate the original text if you are so Inclined.

//// //// //// ////

“For every pretty theory that presents itself, study it only in the way that a cat studies its prey: for the enjoyment of the hunt, to be sure, but also so as to seize upon whatever unique revolutionary chance may appear as in a flash of lightning. So that when that narrow gate opens, you pounce without a moment’s hesitation. In the meantime, by all means, enjoy the diversion of the theory’s lines and moves, but if you are to avoid becoming its tool you must ever have in mind to shatter the system of mirrors and confront the dwarf that has been pulling the strings all along. Faced with this ugly little creature behind all the lines of play you’ve enjoyed and suffered, able at last to read the lines of its face and the dark of its eyes, as time stands still and the entirety of the past falls to you, you will have to make a deeply ethical decision that nothing in all the games before could prepare you for. The only decision that truly matters.”

//// //// //// ////

Artemy Burakh: Any Choice is Right as long as it’s Willed.

//// //// /// ////

Hansel and Gretel are alive and well And they're living in Berlin She is a cocktail waitress He had a part in a Fassbinder film And they sit around at night now Drinking schnapps and gin And she says: Hansel, you're really bringing me down And he says: Gretel, you can really be a bitch He says: I've wasted my life on our stupid legend When my one and only love Was the wicked witch

She said: what is history? And he said: history is an angel being blown backwards into the future He said: history is a pile of debris And the angel wants to go back and fix things To repair the things that have been broken But there is a storm blowing from paradise And the storm keeps blowing the angel backwards into the future And this storm, this storm is called progress

xxx

TLDR; pathologics shitty timeline is cool because it fosters a metagame where the imperative is to make history explode in real life.

specific thanx to: every1 included above, my local subversive lit dealers, Whoever gave the talk last ABF about Queer Wanderings in the anti-nazi Underworld, have not stopped carrying those stories with me since. thanks to the Dear Listener, thanks 2 my wife for pragmatic and personal encouragements <3

a personal acknowledgement to the lives and legacies ov the dxʷdəwʔabš (Duwamish) people, past and present, First People ov the Land i currently Occupy, alongside the entire City ov so-called “Seattle.”

#pathologic #pathologic 2 #pathologic 2 spoilers #long post /#patho tag

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digitalsfontssoccer · 2 months ago

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arif56-blog1 · 5 years ago

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Mobile Security Testing Guide

Introduction to the OWASP Mobile Security Testing Guide

New technology often poses new safety threats, and mobile computing is no exception. Security issues for mobile apps vary in several important respects from conventional desktop applications. Modern mobile operating systems are probably safer than conventional desktop operating systems, but issues can still occur when security is not carefully considered during the production of mobile apps. Data storage, inter-app communication, proper use of cryptographic APIs, and secure network communication are only some of these considerations.

Authentication and Authorization

In most cases, sending users to a remote service is an important part of the overall mobile app architecture. While much of the authentication and authorization logic takes place at the endpoint, there are also some challenges to implementation on the mobile app side. Unlike web apps, mobile apps also store long-term session tokens that are unlocked with user-to-device authentication features such as fingerprint scanning. While this allows for easier login and improved user experience (no one wants to enter complicated passwords), it also adds additional difficulty and space for error.

Mobile app architectures also increasingly implement authorization mechanisms (such as OAuth2) that delegate authentication to a separate service or outsource authentication to an authentication provider. Using OAuth2 enables the client-side authentication logic to be outsourced to other applications on the same platform (e.g. the system browser). Safety testers must be conscious of the advantages and drawbacks of various potential authorization mechanisms and architectures.

Interaction with the Mobile Platform

Mobile operating system architectures vary in important ways from classic desktop architectures. For example, all mobile operating systems enforce application permission systems that control access to unique APIs. They also offer more (Android) or less (iOS) inter-process communication (IPC) facilities that allow apps to share signals and data. These platform-specific features come with a number of drawbacks of their own. For example, if IPC APIs are misused, sensitive data or functionality could inadvertently be exposed to other apps running on the computer.

Code Quality and Exploit Mitigation

Traditional injection and memory management problems are not often seen in mobile apps due to the smaller attack surface. Mobile apps mainly communicate with the trusted backend service and UI, so even though there are a lot of buffer overflow vulnerabilities in the software, these vulnerabilities typically don't open up any useful attack vectors. The same applies to browser vulnerabilities such as cross-site scripting (XSS enables attackers to insert scripts into web pages) that are very prevalent in web applications. There are still exceptions, however. In certain cases, XSS is technically possible on mobile devices, but it is very rare to see XSS problems that can be exploited by a person. See the section "Cross-Site Scripting Flaws" in the chapter "Checking Code Consistency" for more detail on XSS.

This protection from injection and memory management issues does not mean that software developers can get away with writing sloppy code. Following best-practice protection results in hardened (secure) releases that are resistant to tampering. Free protection features provided by compilers and mobile SDKs help improve security and reduce attacks.

Anti-Tampering and Anti-Reversing

There are three topics you can never bring up in polite conversations: religion, politics, and code obfuscation. Many security experts ignore client-side safeguards outright. However, software protection controls are widely used in the world of mobile apps, so security testers need ways to deal with these protections. We believe that there is a benefit to client-side protections if they are employed with a clear purpose and realistic expectations in mind and are not used to replace security controls.

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98percentinvisible-blog · 6 years ago

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Things Richard Said

Since whatever Richard breathes can be assessed, this post includes anything that he said in todays lecture

- don’t write your own cryptographic protocols

- initialization vectors: When an algorithm deals with a sequence of things. Have the whole hash of one block and combine with whole hash of next block. Needed to create avalanche affect. Need something to start this process off = initialization vector.

- when you come up with a password, rarely has as many bits of security as you would think (unless the characters are completely random).

- WEP initilization vector

- problem with WEP - 24 bit IV. Number of packets to transmit before you get a collision ? 2^12. Small number of packets needed to be sent before IV collision which for WEP was a disaster.

- mixing data and control streams story

- smashing the stack for fun and profit.

- buffer overflows

- stack in memory

- return address in memory

- how to write beyond the end of a buffer

- bit coin mining

- encrypting hard drives

- cold boot attack

- unlikely to be a flaw in cryptographic protocol. More likely to be bug in operating system / hardware.

what happened to ciphers after ww2 but before rsa

- rsa works because its a hard mathematical problem (factorizing)

- how did banks use to encrypt their data ? they rolled their own.

- NIST: come up with a standard for what good encryption should look like

- no one knew how big nsa was until:

- feistal cipher: interal function called f. f can be any function, doesn’t have to be invertible.

- AES

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bitcofun · 3 years ago

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All IBC-enabled blockchains are at danger of being made use of by a "important security vulnerability," Cosmos co-founder Ethan Buchman revealed today. Key Takeaways An important security vulnerability threatened all IBC-enabled blockchains, Cosmos designers just recently found. The attack vector was found following recently's BNB Chain's make use of. A spot has actually currently been interacted independently to Cosmos designers and validators. Last week's BNB Chain attack led Cosmos designers to examine their IBC code. They discovered a vital security vulnerability that threatened every IBC-enabled blockchain. Cosmos Compromised It appears the whole Cosmos community was threatened by a single vulnerability. According to a statement published today in the Cosmos Hub governance online forum by co-founder Ethan Buchman, lead designers just recently found a "important security vulnerability that affects all IBC-enabled Cosmos chains, for all variations of IBC." Cosmos is a decentralized network of blockchains linked through the Inter-Blockchain Communication procedure (IBC), which allows users to hop from one Cosmos blockchain to another perfectly. At the time of composing, there are 42 IBC-enabled blockchains, consisting of Cosmos Hub, Osmosis, Cronos, and Evmos. According to the job's site, the marketplace capitalization of all IBC-enabled chains together reaches $8.18 billion. Other significant blockchains such as OKX Chain, Luna Classic, and Thorchain have actually likewise incorporated IBC in the past. For numerous factors, nevertheless, they have either shut down the function or never ever totally allowed it in the very first location. BNB Chain is among these jobs. The current attack versus it (throughout which a hacker drained pipes $566 million from the blockchain's bridge) incentivized Cosmos designers to research study whether other IBC blockchains might be susceptible to the exact same make use of. Buchman mentioned that procedures had actually currently been required to spot significant IBC blockchains. The spot was initially offered independently to provide designers and validators the time to upgrade their chains prior to the vulnerability was advertised. According to him, more than a 3rd of a blockchain's ballot power should use a spot for the task to be safe. The Cosmos SDK will launch a public variation of the spot on October 14 at 14: 00 UTC. Buchman encouraged all Cosmos chains and validators to update to the general public spot as quickly as possible, even if they 'd currently incorporated the personal spot. Disclosure: At the time of composing, the author of this piece owned BTC, ETH, ATOM, OSMO, and a number of other cryptocurrencies. The details on or accessed through this site is gotten from independent sources our company believe to be precise and trusted, however Decentral Media, Inc. makes no representation or guarantee regarding the timeliness, efficiency, or precision of any info on or accessed through this site. Decentral Media, Inc. is not a financial investment consultant. We do not provide individualized financial investment guidance or other monetary recommendations. The info on this site goes through alter without notification. Some or all of the info on this site might end up being out-of-date, or it might be or end up being insufficient or incorrect. We may, however are not bound to, upgrade any out-of-date, insufficient, or unreliable info. You need to never ever make a financial investment choice on an ICO, IEO, or other financial investment based upon the info on this site, and you ought to never ever translate or otherwise count on any of the details on this site as financial investment guidance. We highly advise that you speak with a certified financial investment consultant or other competent monetary expert if you are looking for financial investment recommendations on an ICO, IEO, or other financial investment. We do decline settlement in any kind for evaluating or reporting on any ICO, IEO, cryptocurrency, currency, tokenized sales, securities, or products.

See complete terms BNB Chain's $566 M Hack: Binance Network's Major Bridge Attack Unpa ... The BNB Chain group momentarily stopped the network in action to the attack, which speaks volumes about the network's centralization problems. BNB Chain Targeted Last night's nine-figure hack on BNB ... Cosmos Hub Drops ATOM 2.0 Whitepaper to Bullish Fanfare Leading Cosmos figures wish to present brand-new tokenomics, an on-chain MEV market, a system to enhance financial coordination throughout Cosmos blockchains, and a brand-new governance structure to the Cosmos Hub ... Mango $100 M Attack: How a Whale Swindled a Solana DeFi Favorite In something of an adventurous relocation, the opponent utilized their MNGO tokens to vote by themselves Mango DAO governance proposition. Whale Targets Mango Days after BNB Chain's bridge was ... Read More

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matlab-crack-mx · 3 years ago

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matlab-crack-4w · 3 years ago

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matlab-crack-i8 · 3 years ago

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bestwallartdesign · 3 years ago

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What is a Service Mesh, and why do you need one?

Imagine a situation where you have to test a new version of your application in a microservices architecture, using canary deployment, or where you have to secure traffic between two services or have to set up a failover strategy in case one of the services is unresponsive. In these circumstances, the traditional network layer of most container orchestration engines is woefully unequipped. Wherever the network layer of these engines has to be augmented, tools such as Service Meshes come into the picture.

What is a service mesh?

A service mesh is a “dedicated infrastructure layer for facilitating service-to-service communications between services or microservices, using a proxy.”

Service Mesh: The best way to Encrypt East-West traffic in Kubernetes

How does a No-Code App Builder help enterprises?

Let us look more closely at this definition to understand it better.

“A service mesh is a dedicated infrastructure layer…” — A service mesh is dedicated, which means that unlike built-in network layers which only support core orchestration functionality with basic features, its main purpose is selective and focused. What is its purpose?

“…for facilitating service-to-service communications between services or microservices”. This is fairly self explanatory. But how does it do this?

“…using a proxy.” A proxy is an entity that handles a specific task on behalf of another. In our case, it refers to the data plane of the service that proxies call to and from the service itself.

Having understood what a service mesh is, let’s delve more deeply into why we need it.

Why do we need it?

From the previous section, we understand that service mesh is an infrastructure layer that primarily caters to the microservice architecture pattern, though it is not restricted to that.

Some of the most common problems faced in microservice networks are:

It’s difficult to manage the vast number of microservices, their versions and so on, in and across environments.

The complicated and large networks provide a larger attack vector for cybersecurity threats.

There is a lack of fine-grained control over inter-service networks.

It’s challenging to manage complicated firewall rules and port mappings.

As more people adopt microservices, the above problems are only compounded. This is where the service mesh steps in, to solve these problems.

Features of a service mesh

Service discovery

Using a container management framework, service discovery maintains a list of instances that are ready to be discovered by other services. This helps create and maintain a topological map of the network in real-time. Enabling segregation of services into categories leads to better organization and management. Other important features related to service discovery include health checks, load balancing and failover implementation. By keeping track of healthy instances and recording the unhealthy ones, we can configure service meshes to re-route requests to healthy instances of the same application.

Zero Trust Security Model

With growing adoption of tools such as Kubernetes, Nomad and others, manual configuration of networks is no longer possible. This complexity is increased especially in Kubernetes and public cloud infrastructure, where IP addresses and DNS names change unpredictably. Service mesh allows for the encryption of communication between services using mTLS and also the verification of identity. The service mesh components use proxies to control communication between local service instances and other services in the network. They also ensure that the TLS connections are verified and encrypted.

Fine-grained network control

Proxies attached to services allow us to control traffic and enforce security, but they also allow us to define policies that allow more control over which service is allowed to communicate to whom. This can be done through a simple allow/deny policy. This simplifies the problem mentioned above, regarding complex firewall rules and IP address management.

When you’re working with microservices architecture and technologies like Kubernetes, it’s important to use all the tools at your disposal to simplify the process. Cloud now technologies offer both Application development and Application modernization services. A service mesh is an important part of this process.

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jedikundalini · 7 years ago

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Why does Kundalini Come? ************************** If you are not searching for it and it isn't part of your life whydoes it come? Kundalini is a part of everyone. We all have it in our body. It is a bridge to the next evolutionary existence in the human being. It is a conscious and unconscious evolutionary transition. Why a person would begin to express it without searching for it is like asking why do eyes have the color green at birth. Can you answer that? How do you know it was solely genetics? To even begin to explain Kundalini one needs to step outside of normal modes of scientific acceptability. Lately we have been discussing Quantum Entanglement as a way of explaining the possibility and viability of the Kundalini for the benefit of those who depend upon science for their views on life. In this area of thought we are all connected and all of creation is connected to itself. In these varied connections are the expressions of life and the miraculous existing side by side. With Kundalini these two aspects of existence commingle into a blend of the fantastic and the mundane. In this context we need to consider the idea of reincarnation. That there is something to the notion of a series of lives lived in the flesh for the specific reason of soul evolution. Inside of this concept we can also insert the idea that there are other rules that come into play as well. Rules such as Karma or Free Will or Divine Expression. These rules are also inter-connected and allow for certain goals of development to be achieved. One of these goals is the interaction of both the spiritual dimension and the physical dimension in ways that are conscious and cogent within the two modalities of expression. Meaning that both dimensions can be interacted with at the same time. The bridge and the first cause of the interaction would be the Kundalini. Kundalini is in the physical body and is felt in the physical body but it is also of a spiritual form of expression. It is what it gives us. It is of and for the physical and of and for the spiritual. It causes a connection that is interactively tangible between both dimensions. It is a natural function of the human condition. One could consider it a form of energetic spiritual puberty for those that have come into its expressive transformations of the physical body. It encompasses many of the mysteries of what is and isn't in the areas of spiritual and energetic understandings as is experienced by those inside of its agenda, It is not a common condition as of yet. A very very small number of people are able to truthfully claim this experience. Thousands if not millions strive for its expression. It is sought after by many for its gifts that can go beyond the understandings of standard science and push the standard scientist into the area of quantum entanglement for understanding. Kundalini is the Holy Grail of the Arthurian legend. It is the gold from the base metal in the alchemical practices of the last two thousand years. It is the sacred bride and the sacred bridegroom. The Divine marriage. Kundalini is the next step for those who will walk in both worlds. The physical and the spiritual. It is a very powerful force of the divine seeded into the body of every human being. If a person practices Yoga or other forms of meditation or martial arts practice and spiritual or energetic practices and they have in them the pre ordained propensity for Kundalini expression. These practices will not have been accidental. They will have been for the purpose of awakening the Kundalini. Whether they know it, or accept it, or understand it, or not. And from this awakening they are given into the destiny that they themselves have chosen when taking the body for the expression of a human life. Doesn't have to be a practice that does it. It can be an automotive accident or a sports injury or a medical crisis or an emotional emergency. There are many vectors for its expression. But they do need to have the propensity for the awakening. This includes even knowing about it and even being in the vicinity when the word Kundalini is spoken or written. Doesn't mean one will automatically awaken it. Some need to adopt a practice for it. Some need to condition and strive. Some people have very strong personality traits that will not allow for a smooth and open experience with the Kundalini. It wil come and they will resist it and many of them will suffer in pain and torment for many years. I did. Many will commit suicide rather than experience phenomena that does not fit there idea of how the world is "supposed" to be. Many will go to the medical industry and be given the heaviest of tranquilizers for the chemical imprisonment and amelioration of the symptoms. Some few will seek it out and nurture it. Some few will have it come naturally and will be able to explore it and help others explore it and find the signposts left in the ancient texts that describe how to live when Kundalini active. How to express and allow the agenda to be completed. How to encourage the evolution of the soul by encouraging the interactions between the two worlds. Kundalini comes because it is time for that individual, consciously or not, to have it come into the understanding and the expression of the divine within them. All of the major religions have words that describe a condition that is similar to Kundalini expression. Holy fire of Christ - Christian Holy Fire - Christian Holy Spirit- Christian Dumo fire - Buddhist Greater Kan and Li - Chinese Tao Tumo Fire - Tibetan Buddhist Sufi Latifas - Islamic Red Serpent - Shamanic Kundalini - Sanskriti Kundalini is present in every culture and society because it is part of the human anatomy. When it expresses in a person there is a definite reason for its expression and a person denies that expression at their own risk. It comes to assist a person into the next stage of expression. However that person can come to terms with this reality will determine their level of interaction within them selves and the first and second worlds of expression. It can be very good or very difficult. However it goes though it is sure to be an "interesting" journey.

CHRISM

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