#welsh:challenge

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Tentative challenge topic schedule for the 30 Days of Vocab challenge!

Music instruments

Music theory

Clothes

Chores

Birthdays

Furniture

Agriculture

Animal husbandry

Gardening tools

Trees

Flowers

Birds

Insects

Astronomy

Physics

Chemistry

Mathematics

Geology

Geography

History

Aquariums

Boats

Miniatures

Cooking

Conversation

Writing

Transit

Dungeons & Dragons

Board games

Flags

I’m going to try to do Catalan, Basque AND Welsh; we’ll see how that goes. A lot of these will probably be very silly lists, but I’m excited for them either way. Feel free to tag me in your guys’ posts, and let’s learn some vocab!

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Day 2 - Music Theory (CYM)

Quizlet set is here!

cerddoriaeth (f.) - music

nodyn (m.) - note

rhythm (m.) - rhythm

curiad (m.) - beat

bar (m.), mesur (m.) - measure

mwyaf - major

lleiaf - minor

graddfa (f.) - scale

wythfed (m.) - octave

llonnod (m.) - sharp

meddalnod (m.) - flat

cord (m.) - chord

alaw (f.), melodi (f.) - melody

harmoni (f.) - harmony

sgôr (m.) - score

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Day 1 - Musical Instruments (CYM)

offeryn cerdd - musical instrument

feiolin (m.), ffidl (f.) - violin

siello (m.) - cello

telyn (f.) - harp

gitâr (f.) - guitar

drwm (m.) - drum

bas (m.) - bass

trymped (m.) - trumpet

trombôn (m.) - trombone

ffliwt (m.) - flute

llais (m.) - voice

cerddorfa (f.) - orchestra

côr (m.) - choir

band (m.) - band

canu - to play (an instrument), to sing

cyngerdd (m./f.) - concert

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Reflexions (Setmana 8 del Repte Idiomes Estiu 2021)

Sí, he fet el càlcul i tinc la setmana correcte...benvinguts i benvingudes a la vuitena setmana del repte! La cosa va bastant bé, heus aquí els números:

basc* (1129/1903 mots = 59%)

gal·lès* (477/1632 mots = 29%)

romani (355/715 mots = 50%)

amhàric* (687/1646 mots = 42%)

Tot i el progrés que he fet, no crec que arribi al final dels cursos abans que acabi el repte. Dit això, mai he passat la fita de mil paraules en un curs de Memrise, així que ja ha valgut la pena. I penso seguir, si puc, durant l’any. Però primer, cal enfocar-me en les quatre setmanes que em queda, perquè amb això ja hi puc fer bastantes coses.

També estava pensant, i crec que estic en el moment ideal per fer un “level up” amb el gal·lès i el basc. És a dir que gairebé els sé parlar �� no dominar, però simplement que em comencen a sortir frases i paraules sense haver-les planejat abans. Per això, vull tenir més hores d’estudi amb aquests dos, perquè si començo a entendre sèries/cançons/converses/et cètera, ja tindré més hores de pràctica i que no em faci mandra. Perquè amb el català ja tinc més de 100 hores aquest any (i amb la resta dels idiomes, menys de 20), només perquè miro sèries i vaig a hores de conversa i tal. Per tant, aquest és el meu repte per finals d’any.

Yes, I did the calculations and I have the right week...welcome to the eighth week of the challenge! It’s going pretty well, here are the numbers:

Basque* (1129/1903 mots = 59%)

Welsh* (477/1632 mots = 29%)

Romani (355/715 mots = 50%)

Amharic* (687/1646 mots = 42%)

Despite the progress I’ve made, I don’t think I’ll make it to the end of the courses before the challenge ends. That being said, I’ve never passed the milestone of a thousand words in the Memrise course before, so it’s already been worth it. And I think I’m going to continue, if I can, during the year. But first, I need to focus on the four weeks that I have left, because I can still do a lot with that.

I was also thinking, and I think I’m in the ideal moment to “level up” my Welsh and Basque. What I mean is that I almost know how to speak them – not master them, but just that words and phrases are starting to come to me without having planned them beforehand. Because of that, I want to have more hours of study with these two, because if I start understanding series/songs/conversations/et cetera, I’ll have more hours of practice and that won’t bore me. Because with Catalan, I already have more than 100 hours this year (and with the rest of my languages, less than 20), just because I watch shows and go to conversation hours and stuff. Therefore, this is my challenge for the end of the year.

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Crec que havíem passat el punt del mig alguna setmana per aquí, no n’estic segur perquè fa tant de temps que no faig un post sobre el repte que ni sé en quina setmana estem (crec que la sisena però no us ho sabria dir segur). Però vaig estudiar molt durant el viatge, probablement perquè no tenia Tumblr per ocupar-me, i vaig avançar bastant. Aquí els percentatges i els números:

basc* (982/1903 mots = 52%)

gal·lès* (327/1632 mots = 20%)

romani (239/715 mots = 33%)

amhàric* (578/1646 mots = 35%)

rus* (455/4995 mots = 9%)

He deixat de banda el rus perquè el curs té àudio, cosa que m’és molt útil, com que no llegeixo bé el ciríl·lic, però que em fa molta mandra :P La resta em van bé, he après gairebé (o potser més de) 200 paraules cadascuna. I no hi ha cap curs amb un percentatge de menys de dues xifres! Així que estic bastant content amb el progrés que faig.

He canviat una mica alguns objectius per a finals d’any però ja us ho explicaré més endavant.

English below cut :)

I think that we’ve passed the middle point some week in here, I’m not sure because it’s been so long since I’ve made a post about the challenge that I don’t even know what week we’re on (I think the sixth but I’m not 100% sure). But I studied a lot on my trip, probably because I didn’t have Tumblr to keep me busy, and I advanced a fair amount. Here are the percentages and the numbers:

Basque* (982/1903 words = 52%)

Welsh* (327/1632 words = 20%)

Romani (239/715 words = 33%)

Amharic* (578/1646 words = 35%)

Russian* (455/4995 words = 9%)

I’ve set aside Russian because the course has audio, which is very useful for me, since I don’t read Cyrillic very well, but also annoys me :P The rest are going pretty well, I’ve learned almost (or maybe more that) 200 words for each. And there’s no course with a percentage under 2 digits! So I’m pretty happy with my progress.

I’ve changed some of my goals for the end of the year but I’ll explain that to you guys later.

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 26

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge:  Think of an everyday interaction you might have (for example, going to the bank) in which you do not yet have the vocabulary you would need. Look up the vocabulary you would use in such a situation (cultural differences are also worth noting!)

Since I’m catching a plane tomorrow, I thought it might be good to learn some airport vocabulary in Welsh, not that I would probably ever get the chance to use it but who knows? Some of these also probably apply to trains/buses/etc so will still be useful in a variety of situations. The things marked with a single question mark are probably okay just unconfirmed, anything with more than one question mark should be used with caution.

check in - cofrestru

luggage - bagiau

boarding pass - tocyn (???)

passport - trwydded deithio

identification - cerdyn adnabod (?)

security - diogelwch

terminal - terfynfa

gate - giât (?)

flight - hediad

destination - pen taith

departure(s) - ymadawiad(au)

airplane - awyren

take-off - mynd i’r awyr

steward - stiward

seat - sedd

seat belt - gwregys diogelwch

window - ffenest

aisle - eil

turbulence - tyrfedd (?)

arrival(s) - cyrhaeddiad(au)

customs - tollau

baggage claim - hawl bagiau (??)

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 29

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge: Try to describe people you know. Include appearance, personality, habits, etc. Look up any words you do not know.

Dw i’n mynd i disgrifio fy rhieni. Mae fy mam yn athrawes gerddoriaeth. Mae hi’n annwyl a dw i’n siarad efo chdi’n aml. Mae hi’n leicio gweithio yn yr ardd a dw i’n hefyd. Mae hi’n synhwyol iawn ond weithiau dydy hi ddim yn dallt rhywbeth y dw i’n egluro a mae’n nghythruddo i. Mae fy nhad yn annwyl hefyd ond mewn ffordd arall. Dydy o ddim yn synhwyol (wel, ella), ond mae o’n teimladwy iawn. Mae o’n gweithio efo cyfrifiaduriau, ond mewn cwmni taith, a hynny (teithio) sy’n ei hoff beth yn y byd. Mae o’n caru cynllunio teithiau a darllen arweinlyfr. A dweud a gwir, dw i’n debyg iawn i fy nhad (well ganddo ni dau ddarllen a aros tu fewn na wneud pethau).

Wel, ’na ni, dipyn bach am fy nheulu i chi!

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 27

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge: Time to focus a bit on culture! Look into popular entertainment or businesses in your target culture that are of interest to you. Do as much of the reading in your target language as you can.

Heddiw, nes i ddysgu dipyn bach am gerddoriaeth Cymru. Mae gan Cymru hanes hir efo’r gerddoriaeth sy’n dechrau yn yr Oesoedd Canol efo’r Beirdd yr Uchelwyr. Mae ‘na fwyaf o gerddoriaeth o’r 18g a 19eg ganrifoedd oedd para yn yr 20fed ganrif. Yn y 19eg ganrif, oedd y corau meibion yn boblogaidd iawn.

Mae gan Cymru draddodiad hir hefyd, a naeth hi ddechrau efo caneuon yn ladin yn yr Oesoedd Canol. Mae lawer o cantorion enwog iawn o Gymru, er enghreifft Bryn Terfel. Mae ‘na Gwmni Opera Cenedlaethol Cymru sy wedi canu yn llawer o leioedd.

Yn y gerddoriaeth boblogaidd, ers diwedd yr 20fed ganrif mae lawer o bandiau sy wedi canu yn gymraeg, yr “Oes Aur.” Mae’r cerddoriaeth gymraeg yn tyfu, mewn rhan oherwydd Radio Cymru, sy wedi helpu’r cerddoriaeth gymraeg i gyrraed i fwy o bobl. Mae ’na nifer o gwmni recordio yng Nghymru, sef Sain.

(Oedd yr erthygl yn gymraeg lenyddol, felly nes i ddim dallt hi’n dda, mae’n ddrwg gen i os dydych chi ddim yn medru dallt beth nes i sgwennu)

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 25

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge:  Listen to a professional speech in your target language. Make note of any specialized words or words you don’t know.

Nes i drio ffeindio araith yn gymraeg ond nes i ddim medru gwneud o, felly nes i fenderfynu gwylio “Dal Ati”. Nes i ddysgu am Fynydd Parys, yn Ynys Môn, sy’n cloddfa gopwr. Oedd hi’n bwysig iawn i adeiladu llongau. Oedd rheolwr y gloddfa’n ennill llawer o arian, ond doedd y “Copper Ladies” ddim yn ennill llawer i’w gwaith efo’r cloddfeydd. Mae’r gloddfa’n ddiddorol iawn, ac mae hi’n syfrdanol i weld hefyd.

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 16

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge:  Write a story, using the techniques you’ve noted the previous day.

Heddiw, dw i’n mynd i sgrifennu stori am Wlad y Rhedyn:

Amser maith yn ôl, oedd ’na dyn oedd yn byw yn Ninas y Cerrig. Oedd y dinas ’ma’n enwog iawn – oedd hi’n hyfryd ac chyfoethog. Doedd ei phobl hi ddim eisiau meddwl am y byd tu allan. Oedd lawer o leoedd peryglus, ac oedd y ddinas yn diogel. Oherwydd hynny, doedd dim un ddim wedi gadael y ddinas i ddysgu beth oedd yn aros yn y byd tu allan.

Un dydd, naeth dyn benderfynu gadael y ddinas. Oedd o wedi diflasu ar ei waith o, ac oedd o’n eisiau mynd ar anturiaeth. Naeth o gymryd sach, llenwodd o fo, ac aeth o ar ei ffordd.

Yn muriau y ddinas, naeth o gwrdd â gwarchodwr. Cafodd y gwarchodwr ei synnu i weld o.

“Beth wyt ti’n gwneud?” gofynodd o.

“Dw i’n mynd ar anturiaeth.”

“Mynd ar anturiaeth? Pam?”

“Achos dw i wedi diflasu ac dw i eisiau gweld y byd.”

“Rhaid i ti fod yn ofalus. Mae’r byd tu allan yn beryglus iawn.”

“Dw i’n barod. Dw i eisiau gweld o.”

“Wel ’na, ffwrdd i ti! Pod lwc!” Naeth y gwarchodwr agor y drws i’r ddinas, ac naeth y dyn adael.

Naeth o gerdded am gyfnod. Mae’r byd tu allan yn hyfryd iawn, meddyliodd o. Pan dywyllodd hi, naeth o ffeindio lle i gysgu, cynnau tân, ac choginio i’w hun. Oedd o’n hapus iawn.

Dyddiau yn ôl, naeth o gyrraedd i Wlad y Rhedyn. Dw i’n dweud rhedyn, ond dydyn nhw ddim yn debyg i’r rhedyn y ti’n gwybod. Mae’r rhedyn ’ma’n anferth, cymaint â choed. Ond doedd ddim ofn ar y dyn. Naeth o ddal ati.

Yn yr ail ddydd, naeth y dyn weld ogof. Dw i wedi blino, meddyliodd o, ac dw i’n meddwl bod hi’n mynd i mynd i fwrw glaw. Efallai dw i’n medru aros yn yr ogof ’ma. Felly aeth o yn yr ogof ac naeth o gynnau tân. Naeth o goginio, bwyta, ac mynd i’r gwely, ac oedd o’n cysgu’n dda pan glyweddodd o sŵn. Oedd y sŵn yn dod yn uwch. Naeth y dyn godi’n dawel. Oedd rywbeth yn yr ogof. Naeth o aros, ond doedd o ddim yn medru gweld dim byd. Yn y diwedd, aeth o i gysgu eto.

Yn y bore, doedd ddim dim byd yn yr ogof, ond pan naeth y dyn ddechrau i gerdded trwy’r rhedyn, welodd o olion traed anferth, mor anferth â’r rhedyn. Doedd ddim ofn arno, ac naeth o ddal ati.

Yn y prynhawn, naeth o ffeindio llannerch ac naeth o benderfynu aros yma achos oedd o wedi blino. Pan oedd o’n cynnau’r tân, aeth cysgod heibio i’r lannerch. Naeth y dyn weld i fyny, ond doedd o ddim wedi medru dim byd. Wedyn, yn sydyn, naeth rhywbeth yn lanio yn y lannerch. Rhywbeth mawr. Draig.

“Helo,” wedodd y dyn wrth y ddraig. “O le wyt ti wedi dod?”

Naeth y ddraig ddim dweud dim byd, ond naeth hi ddod i’r dyn ac eistedd.

Naeth y dyn gyffwrdd â’r ddraig, ac naeth hi orwedd. Naeth y dyn ddringo ar ei chefn hi. Wedyn, naeth hi hedfan ac oeddyn nhw yn yr awyr.

Pan naethon nhw ddychwelyd i’r lannerch i gynnau’r tân ac bwyta y cinio, oedd y dyn yn hapus – hapusach na yn y ddinas, a dweud y gwir.

“Dw i’n mynd i fyw yma am byth, efo chdi,” wedodd wrth y ddraig, oedd yn cysgu wrth y tân. “Dan ni’n mynd i gael llawer o anturiaethau efo’n gilydd.”

Ac oedden nhw’n byw yn hapus yng Ngwlad y Rhedyn am byth, yn cael yr holl anturiaethau y doedden nhw ddim yn medru cael gynt.

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 11

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge: If you are studying a language, make sure you can describe the language itself in the language you are studying. Look up grammatical terms and expressions.

Here are some language words (not a very comprehensive list):

enw - noun

benyw - feminine

gwryw - masculine

rhagenw - pronoun

berf - verb

berfenw - verbnoun

rhediad - conjugation

ansoddair - adjective

adferf - adverb

cysylltair - conjunction

arddodiad - preposition

treiglad - mutation

treiglad meddal - soft mutation

treiglad trwynol - nasal mutation

treiglad llaes - aspirated mutation

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 10

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge: Note everything you do throughout the day. If there are any verbs for things you did that you don’t know in your target language, look them up. Same goes for objects you use.

Here’s a list of random words I thought of, the last three are especially important regarding my daily schedule :)))))

planhigyn (pl. planhigion) - plant

rhoi dŵr i (planhigion) - to water (plants)

cyfarfod (pl. -ydd) - meeting

ymweld - to visit

gwau / gweu - to knit

wrth i / tra (+ “that” clause) - while

digon (o) - enough

Y Rhyngrwyd - The Internet™

gwastraffu amser - to waste time

diflasu - to bore (so “bored” would be wedi diflasu)

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 8

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge: Look up synonyms for words you already know. See if you can find slight differences in meaning or connotation between the words.

One of the groups of words I have trouble knowing when to use in Welsh are words related to speaking, so I thought I would write up a list:

siarad - to speak, to talk

siarad â - to speak/talk to

siarad am - to speak/talk about

sôn - to talk; talk, rumor

sôn am - to talk about, mention

trafod - discuss

trafodaethau - talks, discussions

sgwrsio - chat

sgwrs - conversation

dweud - say, tell

dweud wrth - say/tell to

disgrifio - describe

egluro - explain, illustrate, make clear

esbonio - explain

Please tell me if any of these aren’t correct, it would be much appreciated!!

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 21

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge:  Practice translating from your main language to your target language.

I’m bitter so here’s a thing about the game today (me?? doing this a week after I was supposed to??? it’s more likely than you think) which was supposed to be several more paragraphs long but I’m bad at translating so here’s two paragraphs about why Colombia went through and nothing about the cruel robbery that occurred regarding the other team on the field. Here’s a link to the full article in case you’re interested/completely lost.

Oedd hi’n yr eiliad y oedd Colombia wedi gweddïo arna hi ac, pan ddaeth hi, oedd rhyddhad emosiwn yn lethol. Oedd rhaid i wlad ail-boblogaf De America ennill i sicrhau ei lle hi yn yr undeg chwech olaf, er y byddai gêm gyntaf yn ddigon yn y diwedd oherwydd buddugoliaeth syndod Wlad Pwyl 1-0 yn erbyn Japan.

Oedd Colombia’n eisiau bod yn sicr eu hun ac wnaethon nhw hynny pan wnaeth Yerry Mina neidio i benio cornel Juan Quintero yn y munud 74. Pan mae’r canolwr tyrog yn neidio mewn ardaloedd fel hyn, mae’r clychau larwm yn canu yn uchel ac, fel wnaeth o yn erbyn Gwlad Pwyl yn y gêm diwethaf, peniodd o y bêl yn y gôl yn galed.

It was the moment that Colombia had prayed for and, when it came, the release of emotion was overwhelming. South America’s second most populous nation needed a win to make sure of their place in the last 16, even though a draw would actually have sufficed in the end because of Poland’s surprise 1-0 win over Japan.

Colombia wanted to make sure themselves and they did so when Yerry Mina rose to meet Juan Quintero’s whipped corner in the 74th minute. When the towering centre-half rises in such areas, the alarm bells ring loudly and, just as he had done in Colombia’s restorative 3-0 win over Poland in the previous game, he thumped home his header.

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 17

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge:  Practice translating from your target language to your main language, using an article or a few pages of a book.

**This is a translation of this article that I was originally going to do as a blog post, it’s just a random article from Golwg360 and I’d like to clearly state that I do not have a stance on Welsh independence, as it’s an issue I don’t know enough about to take a side. I didn’t realize this article was this political before choosing it.**

Following the trouble about renaming Severn Bridge the Prince of Wales Bridge, the opposition is felt as far afield as the state of Colorado in the United States. Huw Webber, chair of the organization Yes Cymru Colorado, which supports independence for Wales, shares his thoughts:

You don’t have to have read Ursula K. Le Guin’s short story “The Rule of Names”, to understand that there is a powerful symbolism in naming things. You just have to ask someone with a Welsh nickname.

I was raised in Wales in the 1980s, and I left Wales in 1996, voting with my feet. At the time, I felt that there wasn’t hope for the culture or the economy, and the country wouldn’t get back up on its feet again being in such a dependent state and with an exploitative economy which was being managed in the best interests of the UK and especially south-east England. And I was persuaded after some years of studying and working in England that anti-Welsh prejudice had kept me back in my career. I wasn’t waiting for that to happen.

Then, when Wales voted for the pro-autonomy party and then over basic legislative powers, I gradually saw hope on the horizon. That is, the beginning of a desire to improve the Welsh economy and to strengthen Welsh culture and language. On the whole, other countries have done better with less resources, and Wales has a good amount to offer (great universities, energy production, an exports-based economy - and a trade surplus if you take out the awful things like Trident and wars led by England).

The young people of Wales, after all, have had a good education, and often leave for lack of innovation in Wales. The undesirable Labour establishment doesn’t help that at all; they are, or they were, merely interested in the politics of Parliament and in doing as little as possible to resist the challenges of the Plaid Cymru and the like.

Imagine what would likely happen if the economy was reinvented and if the Welsh people could take part in that modern economy without leaving. It would create prosperity and resolve the problems of both cultural and linguistic migration! It’s simple math. That’s what Ireland has done over the last few years. Why can’t Wales do it too?

YesCymru is a breath of fresh air that should be welcome in this environment, which used to be so stale, and it’s created a way of thinking outside the box – a way of thinking, I think, that will lead to independence sooner than expected at the moment. And in order to win a referendum, you need to  secure a large coalition – it doesn’t matter which parties. The point is, are you for Wales or not?

And here we come, then, to the bridge. Expats didn’t lose their identity by going overseas – although I got an extra identity (American) I associate it with ambition, progress, and economic success. Truth be told, I believe that I have a responsibility to help Wales understand that it can improve itself.

It’s not the name, as such, that’s the problem from the perspective of the bridge (although that’s causing the rush to suggest a new name) but rather the way that it’s being forced on Wales without a democratic vote.

The Welsh people should make the decisions for Wales because they’re the people who know what’s best for Wales.

Any other thing is colonialist and suggest that Wales doesn’t have the right to compete with other countries for its wellbeing. For example, Wales can compete in regards to air traffic – but will the English government allow cheap competition with Heathrow or Bristol? Or will Welsh assets like water and energy be sold to England and other places at an economic price in the best interests of the Welsh economy – or will they be transferred to the Big City? You do the math.

So renaming the bridge is nothing but a sign of contempt, of negligence, and of servitude by the ones who want to manage Wales through the hand of Alun Cairns (what did Ysgol Ystalyfera do to him, I wonder, to make him just like Dic Siôn Dafydd?). With Brexit on the way, the danger to Welsh autonomy (and Scottish as well) is also clear, and so the Welsh people can’t allow this law. We need to protest. Anything less than that is a sign of conceding that Wales is incapable and unwilling to resolve its problems by itself – as it should – as an independent country.

Personally, I’d go for the Owain Glyndŵr Bridge but I’d be satisfied with the Welsh people’s choice, Ryan Bridge, maybe…

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Advanced Learner Challenge (Welsh): Day 15

[ original post with full list of challenges / other posts by me for this challenge ]

Today’s Challenge:  Read a fictional story. Take note of what kind of speech is used (like poetic or writing techniques specific to the language) when telling the story.

So I didn’t actually write anything about this but here’s the story I read.