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Top Corporate Law Firms in India | Best Legal Firms in Kolkata & Delhi for Legal Litigation - Fox & Mandal

Fox & Mandal, a top corporate law firms in India with offices in Kolkata and Delhi, provides commercial legal advice in all areas of law. Contact our renowned lawyers today!

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Changes in Taxation of Share Premium in India | Section 56(viib) Explained

Explore the recent changes in the taxation of share premium in India under Section 56(viib) of the Income Tax Act. Understand the impact on unlisted companies and the role of FMV.

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About F&M | Pan India Law Firms - Fox and Mandal

Fox & Mandal (F&M) is one of India’s oldest law firms that provides full legal advice services in Kolkata & Delhi and various representative offices across India.

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How Dispute Resolution Law Firms Support Real Estate Disputes?

Avoid common legal mistakes in business with expert tips on contracts, compliance, IP, and more—safeguard your venture from costly legal risks.

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RBI action against Paytm Payments Bank Ltd | Fox and Mandal

Reserve Bank of India (RBI) on January 31, 2024, through a press release directed Paytm Payments Bank Limited (PPBL) to restrict certain banking activities.

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Experienced Commercial Contracting Lawyer – Protect Your Business Deals!

Every business deal that you make, shapes your success in a different way but are your contacts strong enough to protect your interests? In that case, a skilled commercial contracting lawyer ensures that your agreements are kept confidential—minimizing risks, preventing any kind of dispute, and at the end of the day, safeguarding your interests. They indulge themselves right from the very basics; from drafting and negotiating contracts to handling the most complex legal obligations, navigating every business transaction with ease and confidence. Irrespective of whether it is a vendor agreement, partnership contract, or any kind of corporate deal, every clause matters; hence having a legal shield can bridge the gap between growth and liability. So, don't let vague terms and loopholes put your business at stake. Take the  help of an experienced commercial contracting lawyer who will work in your favour with precision and will have the foresight required to build a strong legal foundation for your business.

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Legal Checklist for Property Buyers in Kolkata: Insights from Real Estate Lawyers

Buying property in Kolkata sounds like a milestone. In practice, it’s often a mix of hope, stress, delays, and small print that few bother to read. But not reading those lines can cost you years of peace and lakhs of rupees. 

Real estate lawyers in Kolkata have seen buyers burned over technicalities. Their advice is clear: check everything before you sign anything. Kolkata’s property market, with its colonial-era buildings and newer high-rises mushrooming across Rajarhat and New Town, demands a local legal lens. 

Here’s a breakdown of what experienced lawyers say you must do before making a property your own in Kolkata.

Verify Land Ownership and Title Documents

One of the first things buyers miss is tracing the title history. Sellers show a sale deed and assume that is enough but it rarely is. A proper title check traces ownership back at least 30 years. Lawyers often pull out mutation records, previous sale deeds, conversion certificates (especially if agricultural land is involved), and sometimes even court orders.

In Kolkata, many older properties have layered ownership—joint families, inheritance issues, and unregistered partitions. If there’s even a whisper of a legal heir, the transaction could be stalled or challenged later. Real estate lawyers in Kolkata advise checking for clear, unbroken ownership. Always cross-check with the local Land Records Office or BLRO.

Check Land Use Permissions and Zoning Clearance

Note that not all plots are equal. A property might look like a residential goldmine, but if it’s marked for agricultural or industrial use, you’re stuck. The municipal zones, especially in fringe areas like Barasat or Behala require change-of-land-use clearance before building anything.

You still need to verify that the land use was legally changed, even if the flat or house has already been built. Illegal conversions are more common than you think—and they can come back to haunt you during resale. Local development authority maps and municipal records can help clarify the sanctioned use.

Confirm Building Plan Approval and Completion Certificate

A building without sanctioned plans is basically a legal risk wrapped in concrete. Builders sometimes extend floors or modify layouts beyond what the municipality approves. This can trigger demolition notices or stall home loans.

Before buying, always ask for the building’s plan approval copy. For completed projects, also collect the completion certificate. This proves the building was constructed as per approved norms and is safe for occupancy. If you’re buying in Salt Lake or New Town, check with HIDCO or WBHIDCO, depending on the project location.

Review the Property Tax and Utility Dues

Tax receipts are proof of ongoing legal possession. The KMC or Panchayat office records property tax history in Kolkata. You need the latest paid receipt and the last few years, too.

It is not uncommon to find outstanding property tax bills that quietly snowball over time. The same goes for water, electricity, and drainage bills. Make sure the seller clears all pending dues before signing any agreement. Otherwise, you inherit their bills.

And yes—ask for written confirmation, not verbal assurance.

Inspect Mutation and Conversion Records

Mutation means the government officially recognizes you as the new owner in its records. You can’t legally transfer utilities or apply for building permits without mutation. 

In Kolkata, a mutation happens at the BLRO (for rural zones) or the KMC Mutation Department (for urban areas). Buyers often confuse registration with mutation, but the two are separate steps. One proves the sale and the other makes you the official owner in civic records.

Also, check if the land has been converted legally—especially if it was once agricultural. Conversion certificates are essential before any construction or resale.

Scrutinize the Developer’s Credentials and Approvals

If you're buying from a developer, do more than glance at their brochures. Check if they’re registered under RERA West Bengal. That’s your baseline protection.

Next, ask for the Commencement Certificate, Building Plan Approval, Environmental Clearance (if required), and Occupancy Certificate. Builders in areas like Rajarhat or Madhyamgram often start sales before securing all permissions.

Speak with past buyers. Look into any legal cases or delays in previous projects. A glossy sales office means nothing if the project’s paperwork is shaky. And never rely solely on verbal promises—get everything documented in the sale agreement.

Cross-Check Legal Heirship and Inheritance Issues

Kolkata’s property market has its legal ghosts. Many homes are inherited, sometimes by multiple heirs, and not all of them may be on the same page.

Before you commit to buying, ask for the legal heir certificate and any probate or succession documents if the seller inherited the property. Check for registered release deeds if any heirs gave up their rights.

If even one heir hasn’t signed off, your deal could get stuck in litigation. And don’t assume that power of attorney alone clears the path—have it verified by real estate lawyers in Kolkata.

Get the Sale Agreement Reviewed by a Lawyer

This might sound obvious, but it is surprising how many people do not do it. A templated agreement is never enough. Legal clauses around possession, payment terms, penalties, handover timelines, and cancellation rights vary deal by deal.

An experienced real estate lawyer in Kolkata will tweak the language to protect your interests. They’ll catch things like vague delivery dates, hidden maintenance costs, or missing indemnity clauses. If the other party resists, that’s a red flag in itself.

Treat the agreement like the blueprint of your deal. One bad clause can trap you for years.

Confirm Physical Possession and Access Rights

This is where a good legal eye really helps. A flat might look perfect, but check who has actual possession. In joint developments or family-owned properties, there are cases where the seller isn’t even staying there—and the person inside refuses to move.

Access rights are another blind spot. Does your property depend on a shared driveway? Is the road a public path or a private one? Confirm these things through local survey records or site visits with real estate lawyers in Kolkata. Legal possession means holding them without conflict.

Final Thoughts

Buying property in Kolkata needs more than money. It needs legal clarity. Every clause unchecked and document unverified becomes a crack in the foundation of your deal.

Lawyers who have been through the trenches know the messes that come from skipping steps. Whether you are buying a flat in Ballygunge or a plot near Rajarhat, the process is not about ticking boxes—it’s about asking the right questions at the right time.

So, keep this checklist close. Talk to real estate lawyers in Kolkata before you put pen to paper. The peace of mind is worth more than any square foot.

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State Tax Officer vs Rainbow Papers Ltd: Supreme Court Judgment on Section 53 of IBC

Explore the Supreme Court's recent ruling in State Tax Officer v Rainbow Papers Ltd, clarifying the role of Resolution Professionals and the impact on Section 53 of the IBC.

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Aspiring to join top litigation firms in Delhi? With its courts and legal talent hub, Delhi offers unmatched opportunities. Build strong legal skills, gain courtroom experience, and intern with seasoned advocates to rise in the competitive world of litigation.

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In India, the law limits working hours to 48 per week—anything beyond that requires overtime pay. Many employees aren’t aware of their rights, making legal consultation vital. Know the law, protect your time, and ensure fair treatment at work.

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Constitutional Lawyers in India

If you are looking for top constitutional lawyers in India then Fox & Mandal is one of the best law firms that provides a spectrum of legal services. Contact us today!

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What are the pros and cons of being a constitutional lawyer? What do the work hours and salary look like? And is it easy to find a job when I graduate from law school as a Constitutional lawyer?

If you are dreaming to become a constitutional lawyer in India, then I must say that it is a prestigious yet a challenging career option. It is filled with different pros and cons that motivate both, pursuing it as a career option as well as to think twice before going forward to it.

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Where can I get the best service of the Labour Law consultants?

If you are running a business, managing employees who work under you, or just trying to keep up with India’s constantly updating labour laws, you might have always had this question in mind, What happens if I don’t structure my employee contracts correctly?