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 Week 10: Digital Citizenship and Conflict: Social Media Governance.

Using social networks today is gradually becoming a living habit of many people, especially young people when life on social networks is gradually associated with work, negatively affecting their social life. . This development helps social networking platforms become like a miniature society, but issues related to conflict, bullying, discrimination or toxic behaviors are still frequently mentioned issues. when it comes to the limitations of these platforms. These issues raise questions about a solution related to social media governance with policies aimed at solving or limiting negative issues on social networks. One of the most easily recognized problems is online bullying or online harassment.

According to Jones et al. (2013: 54): Online harassment is defined as threats or other unwanted insults directed at another person through new technological channels (e.g., the Internet, text messaging). copy) or posted online for others to see that has the potential to cause harm to them, either accidentally or unintentionally. Online harassment can take many forms, such as spreading malicious rumors, sending abusive direct messages, and sharing personal content without consent, including photos. pornographic photos. If perpetrators of online harassment target an individual's actual or perceived identity, such as gender, sexuality, race, religion or disability protection” in the UK (Equality Act, 2010), then these acts would constitute a hate crime (Crown Prosecution Service, 2017). These are all acts of attacking honor, dignity or spreading false information to insult or mentally attack an individual, causing negative effects on the individual's health and life. Online harassment can also manifest in different ways, depending on the individual and social group being targeted. This behavior can be seen a lot on social networking platforms, especially involving celebrities or influential people in public or private communities. In Vietnam, recent famous cases such as Miss Y Nhi or influential people such as Ngoc Trinh and MC Tran Thanh have also received a lot of criticism or even communities on Facebook have been recognized. created to oppose and spread information to people in the community that aims to attack individuals or even distort the truth, affecting the lives of individuals.

Developing a community on social networks not only brings positive aspects such as the convenience of connecting with each other or accessing many sources of information, but also brings negative aspects such as uncontrolled toxic behavior. Controlling according to the crowd effect on social networks, being easily provoked without censoring information also solves problems that require solutions. Especially when the number of users of platforms such as Facebook, Instagram or Twitter is increasing and the age group using these platforms is getting younger and younger, there needs to be social media management policies to ensure the user safety, especially children to avoid negative effects. Nowadays, platforms are constantly updating their service policies to meet user needs, and at the same time, countries also have policies to protect people who suffer from cyber violence like in Vietnam. Vietnam, but raising awareness of avf users to propagate these policies and build awareness to comply with these policies still has many shortcomings and needs more time to improve.

References:

Jones LM, Mitchell K and Finkelhor D (2013) Online harassment in context: trends from three youth internet safety surveys (2000, 2005, 2010). Psychology of Violence 3(1): 53–69.

Crown Prosecution Service (2017) Hate crime. Available at: https://www.cps.gov.uk/hate-crime (accessed 19 November 2020).

Equality Act (2010) Available at: https://www.legislation.gov.uk/ukpga/2010/15/contents (accessed 29 October 2020).

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Week 9: Gaming Communities, Social Gaming and Live Streaming.

The video game industry has been increasing in influence as the number of users increases and is gradually recognized by society as many games have built strong communities or even become a part of the culture of a country or region. There are individuals who, thanks to the development of this industry combined with the tools/services of social networking platforms or online platforms, become influencers on social networking platforms.

With the development and increasing influence of e-sports, the video game industry has built a community with a variety of constantly upgraded services to attract many target customers. furthermore. Most people recognize the names Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi and Tom Brady, figures often considered the faces of their respective sports. Names like Lee “Faker” Sang-Hyeok, Luka “Perkz” Perković and Kim “Doinb” Tae-sang may not be widely recognized yet, but these athletes are also becoming global superstars. Most people recognize the names Cristiano Ronaldo, Lionel Messi and Tom Brady, figures often considered the faces of their respective sports. Names like Lee “Faker” Sang-Hyeok, Luka “Perkz” Perković and Kim “Doinb” Tae-sang may not be widely recognized yet, but these athletes are also becoming global superstars, according to Harvard International Review. These are all very famous names in their field, as the names above all come from an extremely famous computer game called League of Legends - a game with a large community of players as well as players. like having a large following for related content on various platforms. This game is also an example of building a gaming community through live streaming.

According to the University of Southern Mississippi, Esports, short for electronic sports, refers to competitive video games. It involves professional players or teams competing against each other in various video games, often in organized leagues or tournaments. Esports has grown significantly in popularity in recent years, with millions of viewers and participants worldwide. E-sport's most popular and prominent genres are first-person shooters (FPS), multiplayer online battle arenas (MOBAs), real-time strategy (RTS), In addition, one of the characteristics that can easily identify an e-sport event is that the venue is usually gymnasiums or large areas with a large audience like a traditional sports match. The rapid growth of the video game industry is most clearly demonstrated through the development of e-sports today. With the frequency of people knowing about or participating in games like League of Legends, Fortnite, PUBG or Valorant increasing and gradually becoming a topic in conversations, in daily news tracking or even the fact that Alf has become a part of many people's lives shows the influence and appeal that these games bring to players.

In e-sports—formal competitive computer gaming—there has long been a push to see the game move to television, despite many bumpy attempts over the years (Taylor,2012), The birth and rapid development due to the attractive competitive nature has helped e-sports attract more and more followers and build large communities, while helping the best players become better players. The most popular become the most influential people in their entire game or even go beyond the scope of e-sports to become a popular icon like Faker of the game League of Legends. This development also helps live streaming become a familiar job or service for many Treenc users on social networking platforms as it offers a unique interactive experience and growth potential. that it can bring to users. Not only does it help build a public image, but it also opens up opportunities for brands to cooperate and increase their influence in other fields such as fashion, business...

One of the achievements that can be easily observed in this industry is the strong interaction in the community when game tournaments receive great attention and interaction across platforms. like YouTube, Twitch, ... However, the rapid popularity of the video game industry among the masses and the increase in its community also have limitations such as difficulty in controlling the frequent problems of toxicity, sexual abuse, etc. confusing game addiction with e-sports or the health effects of using electronic devices in moderation - something that often happens in young people or children due to low self-discipline, easily attracted by the nature of the games.

References:

Harvard International Review, (2020), Esports Part 1: What are Esports?.

https://hir.harvard.edu/esports-part-1-what-are-esports/

Taylor, TL 2018, ‘Broadcasting ourselves’ (chapter 1), in Watch Me Play: Twitch and the Rise of Game Live Streaming, Princeton University Press, pp.1-23.

Aleena Chia, Brendan Keogh, Dale Leorke, Benjamin Nicoll, Platformisation in game development. Internet Policy Review.

https://policyreview.info/articles/analysis/platformisation-game-development

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Week 8: Digital Citizenship and Software Literacy: Instagram Filters.

Today, the development of social networking platforms opens up many experiences and opportunities for brands as well as many individuals due to the diversity of content and creativity on these platforms. When it comes to social networking applications, selfies have become one of the most distinctive features as it is one of the most popular ways of interacting with the platform. In recent years, filters have become increasingly popular and have evolved to become a tool to enhance the photography experience on social networking platforms, especially Instagram.

Filters may beautify and distort the face, apply animal-like features or adorn users in virtual accessories that follow their movements. Through this practice of ‘digital adornment’ users experiment with creativity and self-expression – as with cosmetics and clothing – while forging social connections and engaging with virtual and augmented reality technologies (Barker 2017). The rapid development of filters helps social networking platforms become more diverse in content as well as enhance the appeal of these platforms to more users, especially those interested in beauty. and the desire to build your own image on social networking platforms will have more content and opportunities for development. A concept introduced by Snapchat in September 2015, officially named Lenses (Snapchat Inc. 2015). The ‘technological wonder’ (Arata 2016) behind Snapchat filters is relatively simple. This application relies on a face detection engine to recognize the brightness and darkness patterns of sample pixels as distinctive regions of the face. The image in the camera's frame is mapped with a series of communications that identify these areas as eyes, environment, and other features. Filters are then adjusted to these speeds so that the virtual elements stay in position as the user moves around (Vox 2016). In just a few seconds, users can try on different designs before choosing one, take a selfie in photo or video format and send it to friends. Some filters only add virtual makeup, allowing users to try out new makeup looks. Others apply whimsical accessories – flower crowns, puppy dog snouts, fluttering butterflies – while tweaking the face underneath.

This breakthrough has later been learned and developed by Instagram until now, with itself being a platform with many users, the platform also develops in photography to enhance the user experience. Combining filters that are constantly improved and upgraded to meet user needs as well as the trends of the times has helped Instagram attract more and more users. Besides helping users improve their image quality and beauty as desired, users can update trending filters such as Happy New Year, Christmas or holidays around the world or typical holidays of each region and country. These factors help not only increase the diversity of applications, but also ensure user experience and build their own community in an era when social networking platforms are developing.

However, the rapid development and easy access to experience also brings many consequences such as many users being immersed in virtual images, overusing filters to deceive or lacking confidence in their natural beauty. of yourself in real life, which is contrary to the filter's purpose which is to help you be more confident in your own beauty. Therefore, the convenience of services or tools such as filters on Instagram, although something worth experiencing, also requires users to have good self-reflection as well as the ability to objectively evaluate to identify Understand the advantages and disadvantages of these tools, avoid overusing them to destroy the original purposes and positive values that these tools bring.

References:

Barker, J. (2017), ‘Considering Snapchat filters as digital adornment’, Fashion Studies Journal, 2 July,

Arata, E. (2016), ‘The unexpected reason Snapchat’s “Pretty” filters hurt your self-esteem’, Elite Daily, 1 August.

Snapchat Inc. (2015), ‘A whole new way to see yourself(ie)’, Snapchat Inc., 15 September, https://www.snap.com/en-US/news/post/a-whole-new-way-to-see-yourselfie/.

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Week 7: Digital Citizenship and Health Education: Body Modification on Visual Social Media

With the development of technology and communication, people today have many opportunities to access new knowledge and gain new experiences in an easier and more positive way. Those changes come not only from thinking, perception or lifestyle but also from appearance. The rapid development of media and society also creates more favorable conditions for people with high needs for beauty to enhance their beauty through body modification and body image building.

According to Bradley University, we tend to think of the human body as simply a product of nature. However, our bodies are also products of culture. This shows that what we show on our appearance not only shows our personality and personality, but also shows the cultural features we live in or have experienced. Building body image also helps us not only express our personality or opinions and ideas about something, but also build a cultural community like us. In today's times, cosmetic surgery has become familiar to everyone as the need for beauty is growing and the economy is growing to meet those needs. Cosmetic surgery is the use of human technology and techniques on one's body to transform and change them as desired. Although cosmetic surgery is an inevitable result of the development and growing beauty needs of many people, it is also a topic that is always discussed today.

While some say it can improve self-esteem and combat negative body image. Others see surgical intervention as a sad indictment of a culture with rigid and narrow notions of beauty - a culture that values youth, sexuality and physical appearance over is experience, character and nature (Jeffreys 2000). Critics also note the potential risks associated with cosmetic surgery. In addition to the risk of post-operative infection and other surgical complications, a recent study revealed a correlation between cosmetic surgery, substance abuse, and suicide (Lipworth, 2007). The rapid development of social networking platforms also makes building self-image more important than ever. Building a good image on anfy platforms also creates many influencers related to many topics such as sports, beauty and even sex work. The rise of digital platforms has blurred the lines between consumers and workers, creating a phenomenon known as “prosumption.” (Büscher & Igoe 2013; Ritzer & Jurgenson 2010 cited in Drenten et al. 2020). The development of the sex industry gives many people the opportunity to approach more sensitive issues, which can help people pay more attention to issues such as sex education or sexual safety. But there needs to be selection and control. With social networking platforms becoming increasingly popular and without age restrictions, harmful information can have a negative impact on underage users or children when using social platforms. Therefore, these digital platforms need to demonstrate their ability to play a role in controlling sensitive information and content as well as having policies for users and sensitive content. feelings related to sex, violence, ... The actions of anfy platforms not only help ensure user safety, but also help classify the content and topics necessary to build more active and independent communities.

References:

Drenten, J, Gurrieri, L & Tyler, M 2020, “Sexualized labour in digital culture: Instagram influencers, porn chic and the monetization of attention,” Gender, work, and organization, vol. 27, no. 1, Blackwell Publishing Ltd, Oxford, pp. 41–66.

Bradley University, Body Modification & Body Image.

https://www.bradley.edu/sites/bodyproject/disability/modification/

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Week 6: Social Media Influencers and the Slow Fashion Movement.

Today, the rapid development and diversity of fashion is becoming more and more familiar to many people, especially young people, and media platforms or social networks are becoming popular and influential. affects every person's daily life. The rapid development of both fashion and social networking platforms has diversified topics related to these fields. Nowadays, social media influencers are gradually becoming a familiar concept. In the field of fashion, the two concepts of "Slow Fashion" and "Fast Fashion" have also become two concepts known to many people interested in fashion. The development of fashion brands today is increasingly difficult to separate from social media platforms due to their influence, so influencers on social media platforms have more opportunities. to become one of the important factors in promoting, increasing coverage, developing brands as well as building today's fashion community.

That rapid development also helps "Slow Fashion" become more popular and more interested by the masses. Slow Fashion can be understood as a method of clothing production that considers all aspects of the supply chain and, in doing so, aims to respect people, the environment and animals. It also means spending more time on the design process, ensuring that each garment is produced with quality, according to Soomer (Forbes,2021). Environmentally friendly, can be easily recycled, but avaxn ensures quality thanks to investment and focus on product quality rather than product quantity to ensure customer needs for main products is the strong point of this fashion model.

The benefit of slow fashion is that it meets the needs of customers in the current trend when global environmental issues are increasingly concerned, the products are friendly and help users protect themselves. The environment will be promoted and prioritized by the community due to its unique advantages. A study developed by Niinimaki in Finland in 2009 on eco-fashion consumption and consumer purchasing decisions concluded that during the purchasing journey, consumers think about aspects related to product ethics and environmental impact. This leads to more sustainable consumption; in other words, consumers with higher ethical commitments and stronger values will value their ideals more than aspects related to their own identity and/or beauty.

The values that Slow Fashion brings can be easily seen such as helping to raise people's awareness about environmental issues, environmentally friendly materials, meeting the needs of both health and safety. Both health and quality issues of each product due to the care in each product often results in better quality than other products. In addition, anfy products also help meet the ethical needs of customers as well as build a community about environmental protection and raise awareness about environmental issues in a positive way.

The impact of influencers on social networking platforms in building this community also shows the connection between social networking platforms and today's fashion trends. The rise of social media influencers has become an important marketing component in the fashion industry (Vecchi, 2016; Quelhas-Brito et al., 2020). For many consumers, the term 'fashion' is synonymous with fast fashion (Hall, 2017) and compared to previous generations, younger consumers have more spending power than ever before (Halvorsen et al.,2013). With the increased acceptance and popularization of technology, such as smartphones and laptops, the Internet is available almost everywhere, enhancing the way fashion is presented and accessible to consumers (Barnes & Lea-Greenwood, 2005). Content from social media influencers is gradually being accessed more easily than ever by users of these social media platforms. Through platforms such as Facebook, Instagram, TikTok... users can easily learn about fashion trends or stories about them through influential people thanks to high coverage and awareness. ability to influence the attitudes and habits of their followers (Chetioui et al., 2020). These influencers help build a Slow Fashion community in the most effective way through their influence on their followers. This also gives brands more opportunities to reach out to communities and collect the necessary data to improve the quality of their products to meet customer needs. On the contrary, on the customer side, they can more easily give their opinions and ideas to brands to help the community develop.

References:

Niinimaki, K. Eco-Clothing, consumer identity and ideology. Sustain. Dev. 2010, 18, 150–162.

Hall, J. (2017). Digital Kimono: Fast Fashion, Slow Fashion? Fashion Theory, 22, 283-307.

Halvorsen, K., Hoffman, J., Coste-Manière, I., & Stankeviciute, R. (2013). Can fashion blogs function as a marketing tool to influence consumer behavior? Evidence from Norway. Journal of Global Fashion Marketing, 4(3), 211-224.

Christopher Marquis, (2021), What Does Slow Fashion ‘Actually’ Mean?. The Forbes.

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Week 5: Digital Citizenship, Hashtag Publics, Political Engagement, and Activism: A Critical Exploration

Digital citizenship is a person with the skills and knowledge to effectively use digital technologies in a positive way to participate in society, communicate with others, and create and consume digital content (Office of the eSafety Commissioner, NSW Department of Education). It is also when a person uses the Internet legally, safely, ethically and responsibly. A good digital citizen is someone who can control two-way information, behave legally in cyberspace as well as protect the privacy and reputation of themselves and others. In addition, a digital citizen in cyberspace should understand his or her own impact and take actions that can have an impact on the general community, the environment and the people around you.(The Australian Parenting website).

Hashtags are becoming increasingly familiar and popular on social networking platforms as they help facilitate connections through topics, keyword tags, and events. It is a ‘linguistic marker’ that facilitates search, creates ‘circular linkages’ (Zappavigna) and supports the formation and coordination of “special problem publics” or “ the public hashtagged” (Bruns & Burgess; Rambukkana). The role of digital citizens and hashtags is increasingly emphasized in events that have a major impact on the entire society such as the election process or other political issues. Platform interactions provide an effective channel for voter activation, discussion with voters, and sharing of information and political views. Social media platforms can provide fundraising opportunities and thus enhance the effectiveness of election campaigns, an impact that can be directly reflected in election results (Nelimarkka et al., 2020). However, Political engagement on social media includes sharing petitions or contacting public officials, publicly following a political figure, posting written comments to others, commenting on one's posts. others and retweet political news, with or without commentary and endorsement (Theocharis et al 2023).

Therefore, the issue of being aware of the rights and responsibilities of digital citizens is extremely important as this role is increasingly enhanced and given more attention due to the development of social networking platforms. Nowadays. Digital citizens in the online environment have not only experienced many new opportunities and new capabilities, but also have to face many challenges that need to be overcome to be able to become good digital citizens and take advantage of their full potential. capabilities of this field.

References:

The Australian Parents Website, 'Digital citizenship: teens being responsible online', raisingchildren.net.au.

NSW Department of Education, 'About Digital Citizenship', Digital Citizenship.

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Week 4: Digital Community and Fandom: A Reality TV Case Study

Reality TV has been a dominant form of television programming for the last 20 years. It includes gamedocs, dating programs, makeover/lifestyle, docusoaps, talent contests, court programs, reality sitcoms, and celebrity based programs (Murray and Ouellette 2009). Reality television is a genre that is designed to elicit talk and shared opinions ... not only in terms of judging the participants' behaviors but also by speculating on the authenticity of what they are watching. This talk is not only found in homes, workplaces and schools, but also proliferates online in forums, web comments, blogs, vlogs and social media' (Deller 2019). In the mid-late 2000s, the emergence of competitors in the form of social networking sites such as Facebook, MySpace and especially Twitter. While reality is a genre that privileges ‘liveness’, on Twitter, the liveness is often enhanced by on-screen hashtags during broadcasts. One of the attractions of Twitter is the presence not only of the audience but also of producers, hosts, experts or actors and guests participating in the program who also tweet their viewing ( Deller, 2011).

Social Media opens up new markets and audiences and the memes and GIFs from these shows. People who join these shows can get a chance for fame, image and self-presentation online.

Take for example famous chef Gordon Ramsay's show Hell's Kitchen. Thanks to the success and maintenance of appeal after 20 seasons of this show, Gordon Ramsay - the show's brand character - has become a highly influential chef on social networking platforms and has become more and more popular through memes, gifs on social networking platforms like Twitter, Facebook...

References:

Deller, Ruth A 2019, Extract: 'Chapter Six: Reality Television in an Age of Social Media' in Reality Television: The TV Phenomenon That Changed the World (Emerald Publishing).

Murray, S & Oullette, L 2009, ‘Reality TV: Remaking Television Culture’, NYU Press.

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Week 3: How does Tumblr function as a digital community

The rapid development of social networking platforms has helped the digital community grow rapidly, in which, Tumblr, a popular and unique social networking platform has acted as an effective digital community. Tumblr was established in 2007, unlike many other social media platforms, Tumblr allows you to post many different types of content, from text and photos to video, audio, and links. It also allows users to design many different "themes" with diverse creativity and style, thereby attracting a large number of users. Tumblr is ranked number 10 social media site in Australia, with 3.7 million users it’s ahead of TikTok 1.1 million and Reddit 110,000 thousand (Civic and Social Media News 2023).

Tumblr can be understood as a platform that prioritizes aesthetics, amplified through allowing user-customized short-form blogs and reflecting its original positioning as a creative community.(Jessalynn Kelle,2019). “Love the Skin You‘re In” is an extremely famous case of the Tumblr platform. With positive self-expression and affirming being the main content of the hashtag, it has the potential to rally and connect a self-empowered community to protest for more diversity in femininity and female beauty. female (Cwynar Horta, 2016). Social media has the potential to shape powerful feminist spaces through the use of hashtags (“hashtag feminism;” Dixon, 2014; Mendes et al., 2018), which is part of the The larger development of postfeminism aims to encourage women to resist dominant beauty ideals and instead embrace attitudes of confidence, empowerment, and limitless possibilities (Maddox, 2019). These hastags help people interested in this topic to link together more easily, thereby helping this trend/topic develop more widely and have a more positive influence. From there, a digital community will be formed on this platform or this social networking platform will become a digital community due to the influence of participating users. However, body-related hashtags can lead to individuals self-objectifying, no matter how well-meaning. Therefore, building a digital community will also require the autonomy and self-awareness of users to maintain the positive values of that digital community.

Refrences:

Jessalynn Keller, “Oh, She’s a Tumblr Feminist”: Exploring the Platform Vernacular of Girls’ Social Media Feminisms, Social Media + Society 5.3, 2019.

Alex Honeysett, 19/06/2020, "Tumblr: The Social Media Platform You Should Be Using", TheMuse, themuse.com.