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The Perlove Medical PLB300 Spine Navigation System empowers surgeons with real-time guidance and robotic precision—paving the way for safer, more efficient spine surgeries. Engineered for complexity. Designed for better outcomes. #SpineSurgery #SurgicalRobot #PerloveMedical

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Power-Off Standby Mode in Action | PLX119C All-in-One C-arm

Real Hospital Footage | One Take | 2x Speed | No Edits

See how effortlessly the Perlove Medical PLX119C All-in-One C-arm transitions between operating rooms—even when unplugged!

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Revolutionizing ERCP Procedures with Mobile Flat-Panel Imaging Technology

In modern healthcare, ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography) has become a critical, minimally invasive procedure for the diagnosis and treatment of pancreaticobiliary diseases. This technique combines X-ray imaging and endoscopy to visualize the bile ducts, pancreatic duct, and gallbladder. Owing to its advantages—minimal trauma, faster recovery, fewer complications, and high diagnostic accuracy—ERCP is now widely adopted in clinical practice.

Perlove Medical PLX7100A

As a minimally invasive procedure, ERCP not only reduces the risk of wound infection, but also has faster recovery and fewer complications, which can significantly shorten the hospitalization time and reduce hospitalization costs. In addition, ERCP has a high diagnostic accuracy for biliary and pancreatic system diseases, and is able to clarify the distribution of common bile duct stones, the location, nature and degree of bile duct stenosis, and the presence of bile duct deformity. What’s more, ERCP also helps in the early detection of jugular cancer. 

Precision Imaging for Complex Anatomy

During ERCP, real-time fluoroscopic imaging is essential for navigating delicate and complex anatomical structures, such as the biliary tract and pancreatic ducts. Perlove Medical’s advanced imaging technology provides high-definition visuals that help physicians:

Precisely locate common bile duct stones

Identify and assess bile duct stenosis

Detect ductal malformations and early-stage tumors, such as ampullary or periampullary cancers

By integrating with endoscopic tools, the C-arm offers real-time monitoring, helping surgeons make more accurate intraoperative decisions and select optimal treatment strategies.

Designed for Clinical Efficiency

The mobile design of the Perlove DSA-type flat-panel medium-sized C-arm is a significant innovation. Unlike conventional imaging systems that require dedicated operating rooms and fixed installations, this device can be easily transferred between departments—improving utilization, workflow, and cost-efficiency.

Key clinical advantages include:

Bedside controller for intuitive adjustments

Fully electric five-axis motion for precise equipment positioning

Adjustable Source-to-Image Distance (SID) for tailored image clarity and field of view

No need for permanent room renovations, reducing facility constraints

Photos from the operation

Such features empower medical teams to maintain a sterile environment and streamline operations, ensuring smooth, efficient procedures.

Precision Imaging for Complex Anatomy

In this process, DSA-type flat-panel medium-sized C-arm equipment plays a key role. It can cooperate with endoscopes to provide high-definition images and real-time monitoring for ERCP procedures, helping doctors better understand the condition of the lesion site, so as to more accurately choose the treatment method and operation mode.

A Legacy of Innovation in Medical Imaging

With 22 years of expertise in medical imaging, Perlove Medical as accumulated extensive expertise in medical imaging technology and clinical services. The exceptional imaging quality of Perlove Medical clearly displays the fine structures of the biliary tract, assisting physicians in precisely locating calculi within complex anatomical environments. Meanwhile, the mobile design of the device eliminates the need for operating room modifications, offering flexible operation and ensuring smooth, efficient ERCP procedures. This delivers a safer, more efficient, and more comfortable diagnostic and therapeutic experience for patients。

Learn more about how Perlove Medical empowers precision in interventional imaging at: 👉 www.perlove.net

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Precision Surgery Starts Here: Exploring Navigation and Positioning in Robotics

Robotic surgery technology has become widely adopted across the globe, transforming the landscapeMagnetic Tracking Technology This method utilizes changes in the surrounding magnetic field to determine the position and orientation of surgical instruments. It offers several advantages, including high accuracy, non-invasiveness, and zero radiation exposure, making it ideal for applications in pediatrics, neurosurgery, and other radiation-sensitive procedures.

of modern surgical practices. Powered by advanced robotic systems, high-precision imaging, and intelligent navigation technologies, surgical robots enable highly accurate procedures with improved treatment outcomes and reduced trauma.

Surgical Navigation: Planning and Guiding the Surgical Path

Navigation refers to the planning and guidance of the surgical pathway. It helps surgeons visualize the anatomy and determine the safest and most effective route for the procedure. Efficient navigation shortens operating time, minimizes surgical risks, and improves overall accuracy. Two widely used navigation methods include:

1. Reverse Planning Navigation

This method uses real-time intraoperative data toNavigation: Guiding the Surgical Route Navigation technology serves as the “map and compass” of robotic surgery. It helps plan the optimal surgical path and guide surgical instruments in real time, reducing intraoperative risks and improving surgical efficiency.

There are two main types of navigation technologies commonly used in robotic systems:

Inverse Planning Navigation This technique involves reverse path planning based on real surgical data. By analyzing the patient’s CT, MRI, or other imaging data alongside the robot’s instrument range, the system calculates the safest and most efficient surgical path. This is particularly useful in surgeries involving complex anatomical structures, such as the spine or brain.

Virtual Reality (VR) Navigation VR navigation uses advanced image processing to convert real-time surgical data into immersive 3D environments. Surgeons can simulate the surgical field, visualize procedural steps, and track instrument trajectories, all in real time. This provides visual guidance and enhances spatial awareness during complex or minimally invasive procedures.

Positioning: Pinpointing Surgical Targets Positioning technology is responsible for marking surgical sites and enabling accurate localization of target lesions. It ensures the robot arm can autonomously detect and access internal anatomical targets with high precision.

The most commonly used positioning technologies include:

3D Reconstruction Technology This approach uses medical imaging (such as CT, MRI, or PET scans) and computational algorithms to reconstruct a 3D model of the patient’s anatomy. It provides a visual reference for surgical planning and intraoperative guidance.

Traditional image-based registration methods, like fiducial marker alignment, often depend heavily on image quality. In contrast, Perlove Medical’s independently developed PL300B Spinal Navigation and Positioning System introduces an adaptive registration method based on trajectory recognition, which offers high accuracy and is less affected by image quality. Additionally, it simplifies the workflow by eliminating the need to change tool tips during the registration process. retrospectively calculate the optimal surgical path. By combining the tool’s working space with patient imaging data (such as CT or MRI scans), reverse planning enables the robot to determine a precise surgical route. This enhances both safety and accuracy.

2. Virtual Reality (VR) Navigation

VR navigation transforms surgical data into a virtual 3D environment, simulating the anatomy, surgical instruments, and operating scene. Surgeons can interact with this immersive simulation for enhanced visualization, decision-making, and real-time procedural guidance, especially during complex surgeries.

• Magnetic Tracking Technology

This method utilizes changes in the surrounding magnetic field to determine the position and orientation of surgical instruments. It offers several advantages, including high accuracy, non-invasiveness, and zero radiation exposure, making it ideal for applications in pediatrics, neurosurgery, and other radiation-sensitive procedures.

Optical Tracking Technology Optical positioning is based on cameras and computer vision systems. By identifying reflective markers or LED indicators on the instruments or patient’s body, the system can track surgical tools in real time with exceptional precision. This technology is widely integrated into surgical navigation platforms due to its fast response and high reliability.

Adaptive Registration (Trajectory-Based): Precise, reliable, and user-friendly.

Navigation and positioning are not just technical components—they are the foundation of modern robotic surgery. As technologies like 3D reconstruction, adaptive registration, and optical/magnetic tracking continue to evolve, they enable surgical robots to deliver even higher levels of safety, precision, and patient outcomes.

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All-in-One Digital Gastrointestinal Fluoroscopy System: Comprehensive Imaging from Diagnosis to Intervention

In today’s fast-evolving medical landscape, imaging systems are expected to do more than ever before. The digital gastrointestinal (GI) fluoroscopy system, traditionally used for digestive tract examinations, has now expanded its clinical utility to become a versatile imaging solution across departments.

What Is a Digital GI Fluoroscopy System?

A digital GI fluoroscopy machine provides real-time X-ray imaging, enabling clinicians to visualize the digestive tract in motion. But its capabilities go beyond GI diagnostics. With advanced features and digital imaging technology, the system can now be used for:

Cardiovascular contrast studies

Biliary and urinary tract imaging

Reproductive system evaluations

Orthopedic imaging

Interventional procedures and more

Key Clinical Applications of Perlove Medical’s Digital GI System

1. Digestive Tract Contrast Examinations

Our system supports a wide range of contrast studies for diagnosing gastrointestinal conditions:

Esophageal Barium Swallow: Detects strictures, motility disorders, and tumors.

Upper GI Double-Contrast (Air-Barium): Offers detailed mucosal imaging for detecting ulcers and early cancer.

Total GI Barium Enema: Ideal for assessing the full digestive tract, especially conditions like gastroptosis, which are hard to detect with CT, MRI, or endoscopy.

Lower GI (Colon and Rectum) Imaging: Uses double-contrast to enhance visibility of polyps, inflammation, or cancer.

2. Specialized Imaging for Other Body Systems

IV Pyelography (IVP) and Retrograde Urography for the urinary system

Hysterosalpingography (HSG) for evaluating fallopian tube patency in infertility workups

Fistulography & Sinography to map abnormal passages or infected tracts

3. Interventional Imaging Guidance

With real-time fluoroscopy, the system can assist in simple interventional procedures, including:

Biliary Tract Imaging and Drainage

T-tube Cholangiography

ERCP (Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography)

This enhances both diagnostic confidence and procedural safety.

4. Full-Length Spine and Lower Limb Imaging

Full-Spine Radiography: Critical for scoliosis diagnosis and surgical planning

Lower Limb Imaging: Used in orthopedic preoperative assessments and joint replacement follow-ups

5. Surgical Localization and Foreign Body Removal

X-ray-guided procedures such as:

Joint repositioning

Internal fixation with pins or screws

Extraction of foreign objects

The system minimizes surgical risk by eliminating guesswork and ensuring accurate targeting.

6. Multi-Position and Multi-Region Imaging

Adaptable for various body regions and patient positions (standing, supine, lateral), the system supports routine and advanced diagnostic needs across chest, abdomen, pelvis, and extremities.

Why Choose Perlove Medical’s Digital GI Fluoroscopy System?

Enhanced Image Quality with digital acquisition and fine-tuned contrast

Lower Radiation Dose for patient safety

Faster Examinations, improving clinical efficiency

Versatility across departments—radiology, urology, gynecology, orthopedics, and surgery

Reliable Support from a trusted domestic medical equipment manufacturer

The modern digital GI fluoroscopy system is no longer limited to gastrointestinal use. With its powerful imaging capabilities and broad application range, it serves as a comprehensive diagnostic and interventional tool. At Perlove Medical, we are committed to delivering clinically valuable, scenario-adapted imaging solutions that meet real-world needs.

Explore how Perlove Medical’s digital GI fluoroscopy system can empower your department today.

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Do Orthopedic Surgical Robots and 3D C-arms Need to Be the Same Brand?

Orthopedic surgical robots and 3D C-arms are both critical technologies in modern orthopedic surgery. While the robot provides precise navigation, the 3D C-arm offers intraoperative imaging guidance. As the use of robotic navigation systems becomes more common, their coordinated application has proven essential in improving surgical efficiency and safety.

But does this mean orthopedic robots and 3D C-arms must be from the same brand? What are the advantages of doing so?

The short answer: No, they don’t have to be the same brand—as long as interface compatibility is ensured.

1. Interface Compatibility Determines Integration

On the other hand, some manufacturers adopt a “single-platform solution,” where both the robot and 3D C-arm come from the same brand, enabling seamless communication and system integration. For instance, the PL300B orthopedic surgical robot and PLX C7600 3D C-arm by Chinese manufacturer Perlove Medical are designed to work together using integrated 3D trajectory registration. This allows for automatic registration and real-time image guidance without manual adjustments. The system achieves a high registration accuracy of ≤0.7mm (source: National Testing Report No. [2021]1273), making it suitable for complex spine surgeries that demand extreme precision.

2. Advantages of Using the Same Brand

In clinical settings, the choice of equipment is influenced by surgical requirements and hospital size. For high-precision procedures such as spinal surgeries, same-brand combinations offer clear benefits. For example, Zhongshan Hospital in Shanghai uses Perlove’s robotic system and 3D C-arm during pedicle screw fixation procedures. The integrated system enables real-time 3D imaging and navigation feedback, achieving millimeter-level screw placement accuracy. This “closed-loop system” minimizes compatibility-related errors and delays, especially critical in anatomically complex regions like the thoracolumbar spine.

Procurement and maintenance are also key considerations for hospitals. Choosing devices from the same brand can streamline purchasing, reduce system integration costs, and simplify after-sales support. Perlove Medical, for instance, offers a comprehensive “3D C-arm + orthopedic surgical robot” solution, helping hospitals accelerate the bidding process and ensure consistent support.

3. Final Thoughts

Ultimately, the decision should be based on clinical needs, cost-benefit analysis, and long-term planning. For high-precision spinal surgery or large tertiary hospitals, opting for same-brand systems maximizes compatibility and performance. In contrast, for procedures like joint replacement or in medium-sized hospitals, cross-brand combinations can still meet clinical needs—provided they are thoroughly tested and validated for registration accuracy and workflow efficiency.

If a hospital already owns a 3D C-arm, it should evaluate its compatibility with new robotic systems before procurement to avoid unnecessary or incompatible purchases.

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Scoliosis is a sideways curvature of the spine—often forming an abnormal S- or C-shape. It’s most commonly diagnosed during childhood or adolescence.

#Scoliosis#SpineHealth#ScoliosisAwareness#ChildHealth#PediatricCare#HealthAwareness#PerloveMedical

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Standard Positions and Guidelines for Conventional X-ray Imaging

When using an X-ray imaging system, the positioning standards and protocols directly impact image quality, diagnostic accuracy, and radiation safety for patients. So, what are the common standard positions used in X-ray examinations, and what are their specific guidelines? Let’s explore them in detail below.

1. Anteroposterior (AP) Position

The patient’s back is positioned against the image receptor (IR), with the sagittal plane of the body perpendicular to the IR. The central ray passes from the front (anterior) to the back (posterior) of the body.

2. Posteroanterior (PA) Position

3. Supine Position

The patient lies on their back, facing upward. The dorsal side is flat against the table. The sagittal and transverse (horizontal) planes are perpendicular to the table, while the coronal plane is parallel to it.

4. Prone Position

The patient lies on their stomach, facing downward, with the ventral side in contact with the table. As in the supine position, the sagittal and transverse planes are perpendicular to the table, and the coronal plane is parallel.

5. Right Lateral Decubitus Position

The patient’s right side is down, resting against the table. The sagittal plane is parallel to the table, and the coronal plane is perpendicular.

6. Left Lateral Decubitus Position

The patient’s left side is down, resting against the table. The sagittal plane is parallel to the table, and the coronal plane is perpendicular.

7. Right Anterior Oblique (RAO) Position

The patient is positioned at an angle with the right anterior side (chest/abdomen) against the upright bucky or table. The left side is away from the imaging surface, and the coronal plane is at an oblique angle to the receptor.

8. Left Anterior Oblique (LAO) Position

The patient’s left anterior side is inclined forward and placed against the upright bucky or table. The right side is further away, forming an oblique angle between the coronal plane and the imaging surface.

9. Right Posterior Oblique (RPO) Position

The patient is angled with the right posterior side (back) against the imaging surface. The left side is away from the bucky or table, and the coronal plane is obliquely aligned.

10. Left Posterior Oblique (LPO) Position

3D Positioning Guidance Technology

In addition to the above standard positions, special positions such as axial, tangential, lordotic, and frog-leg positions are also used depending on clinical needs.

With the advancement of digital technologies like Digital Radiography (DR), standardized positioning is increasingly integrated with intelligent assistance systems. For example, the Perlove PLD7100 Ceiling-Mounted DR is equipped with a large touchscreen interface and supports 3D positioning guidance. After selecting the exam region, the system automatically displays a standard positioning diagram, visually guiding the operator on the appropriate posture (e.g., standing, lying, or lateral) for the patient.

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Why Do Most Radiographic X-ray Machines Use a Two-Stage Exposure Hand Switch?

What is a Two-Stage Exposure Hand Switch? It is a device that requires two separate operations to initiate X-ray emission. For example, the operator first presses and holds one button (preparation stage), then presses another button to trigger the exposure. Most modern radiographic X-ray machines adopt this two-stage exposure hand switch for the following reasons:

I. Technical Principles and Equipment Preparation Requirements

X-ray Tube Preheating and Anode Activation Before generating X-rays, the X-ray tube must complete filament preheating and rotating anode activation. The filament needs to be heated to approximately 2000°C to emit electrons, while the rotating anode must reach high-speed rotation (thousands of RPM) to evenly distribute heat and prevent localized overheating that could damage the target surface. The first stage (preparation stage) triggers these preparatory steps, ensuring the equipment reaches a stable state before exposure. This prevents premature tube aging or performance issues due to insufficient preheating.

Phased High-Voltage Circuit Control The second stage (exposure stage) activates the high-voltage primary circuit, generating tens to hundreds of kilovolts to drive X-ray emission. This staged control prevents high voltage from being directly applied to an unheated filament or stationary anode, reducing equipment failure risks.

II. Safety Protection and Prevention of Accidental Activation

Dual Confirmation Mechanism The two-stage design requires the operator to deliberately perform two actions (first pressing the preparation stage, then the exposure stage), creating a “double-confirmation” process. This effectively prevents accidental exposures caused by unintended triggers (e.g., slipping or bumping), minimizing unnecessary radiation exposure to patients and operators.

Active Radiation Control X-rays pose biological hazards, and the two-stage design grants operators greater control. For instance, during the preparation stage, the operator can verify patient positioning and equipment settings, avoiding repeat exposures or unnecessary radiation due to inadequate preparation.

III. Industry Standards and Regulatory Compliance

According to national standards (e.g., Regulations on Radiation Protection for Medical X-ray Equipment), X-ray devices must incorporate safety interlock mechanisms to prevent misuse and radiation leakage. The two-stage hand switch complies with such regulations by physically separating exposure control steps, ensuring operational compliance.

Conclusion

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Is a Shorter Distance from the X-ray Tube Focal Spot to the Isocenter Always Better?

In X-ray imaging technology, the distance from the tube focal spot to the isocenter is one of the key parameters affecting image quality. This distance plays a crucial role in controlling image magnification, geometric blur, and radiation dose.

What Is the Isocenter?

The isocenter refers to the intersection point in space where the rotational axes of the gantry, collimator, and treatment table meet. This concept is especially critical in radiation therapy, particularly with isocentric irradiation techniques. The isocenter serves as the focal point of the radiation beam, ensuring that the beam consistently passes through the center of the target area from multiple angles, thus improving treatment accuracy.

For example, the Perlove PLX C7500 series C-arm X-ray machines are designed with an isocentric structure.

Is a Shorter Focal Spot-to-Isocenter Distance Better?

The distance from the focal spot to the isocenter directly affects the following aspects:

Image Quality: including sharpness, contrast, and geometric blur.

Radiation Dose: for both patients and operators.

Equipment Performance: such as tube life and thermal load.

Let’s analyze whether a shorter distance is always better from these three perspectives:

1. Image Quality

Advantages: A shorter distance results in an X-ray beam that is closer to parallel, which reduces geometric blur (penumbra) and improves image sharpness.

Limitations: If the distance is too short, the object-to-image receptor distance (OID) may decrease. In the case of thicker body parts (e.g., the abdomen), this can increase scatter radiation and reduce image contrast.

2. Radiation Dose

Inverse Square Law: Radiation intensity is inversely proportional to the square of the distance. The shorter the distance, the higher the radiation intensity per unit area, potentially increasing dose exposure for both patients and operators.

Clinical Practice Examples:

In cardiac imaging, a longer distance is often used to reduce heart image distortion and lower the dose.

For extremities, a shorter distance may be chosen to balance image clarity with radiation exposure.

3. Equipment Design & Thermal Load

Tube Lifespan: When the focal spot-to-isocenter distance is too short, heat may become more concentrated at the tube focal point, accelerating target wear and shortening tube life.

Heat Dissipation Requirements: High-efficiency cooling systems (e.g., water or oil cooling) are needed to handle heavy workloads. For instance, Perlove’s PLX C7620A 3D C-arm X-ray system uses premium imaging chain components and advanced dynamic water cooling technology to ensure both image quality and stable performance during continuous operation.

Conclusion

The distance from the X-ray tube focal spot to the isocenter is not a case of “the shorter, the better.” Instead, it should be optimized based on the imaging scenario, clinical needs, and device capability. A well-balanced configuration ensures high-quality imaging, radiation safety, and equipment longevity.

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Common Causes and Solutions for Unclear C-Arm Images

As the core imaging equipment for orthopedic surgery and interventional therapy, the image quality of C-arm machine directly affects the accuracy of clinical diagnosis. If a hospital encounters unclear images when using a C-arm machine, it is mostly due to the following reasons (with solutions).

I. Hardware Issues

1. X-ray Tube or High-Voltage System Malfunction Aging of the X-ray tube, focal spot misalignment, poor heat dissipation, or faults in the high-voltage generator can reduce X-ray quality, leading to image blurring or excessive noise.

2. Detector or CCD Camera Problems Wear and tear of the flat-panel detector, poor electrical contact in the CCD camera, or synchronization issues in the image conversion circuit can result in image ghosting, tearing, or noise.

3. Image Intensifier Malfunction Issues such as poor electrical connections in the high-voltage circuit or a drop in vacuum quality can cause low contrast and poor image layering.

II. Software and System Errors

1. Image Processing System Failure Image distortion, noise, or failure to display images can be caused by errors in software algorithms or lost calibration data.

Solution: Recalibrate system parameters and update the software to the latest version.

2. Automatic Exposure Control (AEC) Malfunction Under AEC mode, the presence of metal implants or a patient’s body being off-center may result in underexposure or overexposure.

III. Operational and Environmental Factors

1. Improper Patient Positioning or Radiation Field Setup Blurring can occur if the patient moves, is improperly positioned, or if the radiation field is too large.

Solution: Use stabilization aids to secure the patient’s position. Adjust the collimator to narrow the radiation field and reduce scatter.

2. Incorrect Use of Grid Filters An unmatched or missing grid filter allows scatter radiation to degrade image contrast.

Solution: Select an appropriate grid based on the patient’s body size. For example, the Perlove PLX119 Series dynamic flat-panel C-arm includes a removable grid design that allows for low-dose imaging in thinner body parts or sensitive populations such as pediatric or gynecological patients.

3. Improper Source-to-Image Distance (SID) A SID that is too short can cause geometric magnification and edge blurring; too long can reduce image resolution.

Solution: Adjust the position of the flat-panel detector dynamically according to surgical requirements. Consider using equipment that supports dynamic SID adjustment, such as the Perlove PLX C7600 Series.

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Early-Onset Scoliosis in Children: A Complete Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment

Imagine your child growing up with a straight posture and full of confidence. However, a subtle curve in the spine could significantly impact both their physical health and self-esteem. This condition—known as scoliosis—is not uncommon in children and can lead to a range of health issues if left untreated. So, what exactly is scoliosis, why does it happen in kids, and how can parents detect it early? Let’s explore the key facts about childhood scoliosis and how to address it properly.

Q1: What Is Childhood Scoliosis?

Scoliosis, or spinal curvature, refers to an abnormal sideways bending of one or more segments of the spine. In some cases, the vertebrae may also rotate, causing the spine to twist—similar to how a tree might grow crookedly. Doctors typically use X-rays to assess spinal alignment. If the spinal curve exceeds 10 degrees, scoliosis is diagnosed.

Scoliosis can occur at any age, but when it appears before age 10, it is called early-onset scoliosis, commonly referred to as childhood scoliosis.

Q2: How Can Parents Spot Scoliosis in Their Child?

Parents should watch for two key signs:

Check whether the child’s spine appears straight.

Look at the child’s shoulders and back for height symmetry.

Q3: What Are the Characteristics of Childhood Scoliosis?

Children differ from teenagers and adults in that their spine and lungs are still rapidly developing. Any disruption during this stage could lead to long-term or irreversible effects.

The spine is the central support of a child’s body. Once it curves, it’s like a tilted pillar in a building—affecting the entire structure’s stability and balance. Without timely treatment, scoliosis can hinder normal growth and may impair lung development and function.

Q4: How Common Is Childhood Scoliosis?

Epidemiological data shows that about 2% of children are affected by scoliosis. In China alone, over 5 million primary and secondary school students are living with scoliosis, with 300,000 new cases added each year.

The incidence is nearly the same in boys and girls.

It is not related to environmental factors or maternal habits during pregnancy.

Q5: What Causes Scoliosis in Children?

Different types of scoliosis have different causes:

Idiopathic scoliosis: Most common and has no identifiable cause.

Congenital scoliosis: Caused by abnormal vertebral development before birth. It includes:

Formation defects: e.g., hemivertebrae, wedge-shaped vertebrae

Segmentation defects

Mixed types (a combination of the above two)

Other causes (less common):

Neuromuscular scoliosis

Neurofibromatosis-related scoliosis

Syndromic scoliosis

Q6: What Are the Signs at Different Ages?

Infants and toddlers: Usually no obvious symptoms; scoliosis is hard to detect.

Toddlers learning to walk: May show back asymmetry or trunk tilting while walking.

Older children: Uneven shoulders, prominent shoulder blade, visible spinal curve.

Q7: How Is Childhood Scoliosis Treated?

Personalized treatment is key. Each child’s spinal curvature varies in type and severity, requiring tailored plans based on age, curve severity, and functional impact.

Early detection and intervention are critical. The condition can worsen over time, making it harder to treat and potentially affecting the child’s cardiopulmonary development.

Treatment goals:

Prevent curve progression

Support spine and lung development

Q8: Treatment Options for Childhood Scoliosis

1. Non-surgical treatments

Bracing or casting: Helps reduce the curvature and slow its progression.

Rehabilitation and functional training:

Goals:

Correct the curve

Improve spinal stability

Prevent complications

Relieve discomfort

Common exercises: pull-ups, swimming, jogging, stretching on a bar, and targeted muscle training—always under medical supervision and with consistency.

2. Surgical treatment

Used in more complex cases.

May involve hemivertebra resection, osteotomy with internal fixation, or growth rod techniques.

Conclusion

Critical developmental period: Childhood is essential for spinal and lung development, and scoliosis can have lasting effects.

Uniqueness: Each child is different; so is each case of scoliosis—requiring customized treatment.

Early detection matters: Since scoliosis may lead to serious complications like heart and lung dysfunction, early diagnosis is vital. Parents should monitor their child’s posture and seek medical help if any abnormality is noticed.

Tailored treatment: Based on curve type, severity, and progression, treatment may include physical therapy, braces, rehabilitation, or surgery.

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Early-Onset Scoliosis in Children: A Complete Guide to Diagnosis and Treatment

In recent years, advancements in medical technology have significantly improved the way complex surgeries are performed. Among these innovations, the Spine Surgical Navigation System has emerged as a game-changer in spinal surgeries, offering surgeons a highly accurate and efficient way to perform procedures. Whether it’s for treating conditions like herniated discs, spinal fractures, or deformities like scoliosis, this system is revolutionizing the field of spine surgery. But what exactly is a spine surgical navigation system, and how does it benefit both patients and surgeons? Let’s dive into this exciting advancement.

What is a Spine Surgical Navigation System?

A Spine Surgical Navigation System is a high-tech, computer-assisted tool used during spinal surgery to guide surgeons with precision. Think of it as a GPS system, but for the spine. The system uses 3D imaging to create a detailed map of a patient’s spine, allowing surgeons to navigate the complex spinal anatomy with a level of accuracy that was once unimaginable.

These systems use various types of imaging technologies such as CT scans (computed tomography), MRI (magnetic resonance imaging), or fluoroscopy (real-time X-rays) to provide real-time, 3D images of the patient’s spine. The images are then used by the surgical team to plan and guide their movements during the surgery.

In essence, the spine surgical navigation system helps to ensure that surgical instruments are placed with the utmost precision, minimizing the risk of complications and improving patient outcomes.

How Does the Spine Surgical Navigation System Work?

Pre-Surgical Planning: The process begins before the surgery. Surgeons use imaging scans such as CT or MRI to create a 3D model of the patient’s spine. This 3D model acts as a digital map, offering detailed insights into the patient’s spinal anatomy. Surgeons can view the exact location of the injury, deformity, or condition that needs to be treated.

Intraoperative Guidance: During surgery, the navigation system tracks the position of the surgical instruments in real-time. The system continuously updates the 3D model with live data from the surgical field, showing the surgeon the exact location of the instruments in relation to the spinal anatomy. This real-time feedback allows surgeons to navigate with precision and avoid critical structures, such as nerves and blood vessels.

Enhanced Precision: The real-time guidance ensures that surgical tools are placed accurately, reducing the chances of errors. It helps surgeons make smaller, more precise incisions and minimize the trauma to surrounding tissues. Additionally, it can help in placing screws, rods, and other implants with precision, which is critical in procedures like spinal fusion.

Post-Surgical Assessment: After surgery, the navigation system can also be used to assess the success of the procedure. Surgeons can compare post-operative images with pre-operative scans to ensure that everything has been positioned correctly and the desired outcome has been achieved.

Benefits of Spine Surgical Navigation Systems

1. Improved Surgical Accuracy

The most significant advantage of these systems is the increased precision they offer. Spinal surgery, especially in complex areas like the cervical spine or lumbar region, requires the surgeon to be extremely accurate. Even a small deviation can lead to complications. The spine navigation system allows for highly accurate placement of screws and other implants, reducing the risk of misplacement and improving overall surgical success.

2. Minimally Invasive Procedures

Incorporating a spine navigation system allows for more minimally invasive surgery. Surgeons can make smaller incisions and work with greater precision, which leads to less damage to surrounding tissues. The benefit? Faster recovery times, reduced pain for patients, and a lower risk of infection.

3. Reduced Risk of Complications

Spine surgeries come with a certain degree of risk, including nerve damage, infection, or bleeding. By improving the accuracy of surgical procedures, navigation systems significantly reduce the risk of these complications. The real-time feedback provided by the system allows surgeons to avoid critical structures, such as the spinal cord and major blood vessels, which can prevent dangerous and costly mistakes.

4. Shortened Surgery Time

The precision and guidance offered by the navigation system can reduce the time needed for the procedure. Since the surgeon is given accurate data in real-time, they can avoid unnecessary steps, making the surgery quicker and more efficient. Shorter surgery times can contribute to quicker recovery times and less anesthesia exposure for patients.

5. Enhanced Post-Surgical Outcomes

Due to the higher accuracy in placement and the reduced invasiveness of the procedure, patients who undergo spine surgery with navigation systems tend to experience better outcomes. This includes less postoperative pain, a faster return to normal activities, and fewer complications like implant failure or misalignment.

Applications of Spine Surgical Navigation Systems

The Spine Surgical Navigation System is used in a wide range of spinal surgeries. Some of the most common applications include:

Spinal Fusion: This procedure, often performed for conditions like degenerative disc disease or spondylolisthesis, involves fusing two or more vertebrae together. Navigation systems help surgeons precisely place screws and rods to stabilize the spine.

Spinal Tumor Resection: When removing tumors from the spine, accuracy is crucial to avoid damaging the spinal cord or nerves. The navigation system helps the surgeon navigate in and around these sensitive areas.

Spinal Deformity Correction: In conditions like scoliosis, where the spine is abnormally curved, navigation systems assist surgeons in realigning the spine and placing corrective implants.

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery: Navigation systems are essential for minimally invasive surgeries, such as percutaneous spinal fusion, which involves tiny incisions and the use of specialized instruments.

Future of Spine Surgical Navigation

The future of spine surgery looks incredibly promising with the continued development of surgical navigation technology. Some potential future advancements include:

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Integration: AI could help the navigation system learn from a vast amount of surgical data, providing even more precise guidance based on past outcomes and patient-specific factors.

Robotics: The integration of robotic systems with spine navigation could allow for even more automated and precise procedures. Robotic systems can help in the placement of screws and implants with even greater accuracy.

Augmented Reality (AR): AR could further enhance the surgeon’s view of the spine, overlaying digital information directly onto the surgical field, further improving decision-making during surgery.

Key Features of the Perlove Medical Spine Surgical Navigation System PL300B:

3D Imaging and Visualization:

The PL300B integrates 3D CT and MRI data to create a detailed, real-time, 3D visualization of the patient’s spine. Surgeons can view the exact position of surgical tools relative to the spine, enhancing their ability to perform intricate procedures.

Real-Time Navigation:

The system uses optical tracking technology to provide continuous feedback to the surgeon. This allows for precise guidance during procedures like screw placement, pedicle screw insertion, and spinal deformity correction, ensuring that instruments are in the right position and aligned with the patient’s anatomy.

Augmented Reality (AR) Integration:

The system’s advanced AR capabilities help overlay important surgical information onto the patient’s anatomy during the procedure, offering the surgeon a more intuitive way to see and plan their actions in real-time.

Accuracy and Precision:

The PL300B allows for high-precision navigation in spinal surgery. It can identify the best placement for spinal screws and other hardware with minimal risk of misplacement, which is crucial for avoiding nerve or blood vessel damage.

Patient-Specific Customization:

The system allows surgeons to tailor the surgical approach based on patient-specific anatomy, improving outcomes for patients with complex spinal deformities, scoliosis, or spinal fractures.

Minimally Invasive Surgery:

With real-time feedback and improved accuracy, the Perlove Medical system supports minimally invasive spinal surgeries. This leads to smaller incisions, reduced blood loss, less trauma to surrounding tissues, and quicker recovery for the patient.

Reduced Radiation Exposure:

By incorporating advanced imaging technologies like CT and MRI scans, the PL300B reduces the need for intraoperative fluoroscopy, thereby minimizing radiation exposure to both the patient and the surgical team.

Ease of Use:

The PL300B has an intuitive interface and is designed to be easy for surgeons to integrate into their workflow. The navigation system is designed to minimize complexity and training time, allowing the surgical team to operate efficiently.

Comprehensive Surgical Support:

The system offers a wide range of surgical guidance from spinal fusion to minimally invasive disc surgery, supporting a variety of spinal procedures, including:

Pedicle screw placement

Spinal deformity correction

Vertebroplasty

Minimally invasive lumbar interbody fusion

Benefits of Using the PL300B:

Improved Surgical Outcomes:

Surgeons can perform procedures with a higher level of precision, improving the accuracy of screw placement, spinal fusion, and alignment, leading to better outcomes and fewer complications.

Reduced Surgery Time:

The system helps streamline procedures, providing clear guidance that can reduce surgery time and the associated risks of longer surgeries, like infection or anesthesia complications.

Enhanced Surgeon Confidence:

Real-time navigation and visual aids boost the surgeon’s confidence during surgery, especially in delicate or complex cases.

Faster Recovery for Patients:

Minimally invasive techniques supported by the system help patients recover faster, with less pain and a shorter hospital stay. This leads to quicker return to normal activities.

Increased Efficiency:

The system aids in better planning and decision-making before and during surgery, reducing the likelihood of costly mistakes or the need for revision surgeries.

Applications in Spinal Surgery:

Minimally Invasive Spine Surgery (MISS): The PL300B’s precision helps with less invasive approaches that involve smaller incisions and quicker recovery times.

Spinal Deformities: Effective for patients with complex spinal conditions like scoliosis, kyphosis, and degenerative spinal disease.

Fracture Fixation: The system’s precision helps when fixing spinal fractures, ensuring accurate screw placement even in challenging cases.

Spinal Fusion: Essential for guiding the placement of screws and other implants used in spinal fusion procedures.

Challenges:

Like any advanced medical technology, the Perlove Medical Spine Surgical Navigation System requires specialized training for surgeons and an initial investment. There may also be operational costs and technical maintenance to consider. However, the potential benefits in terms of improved patient outcomes and reduced complication rates make it a valuable tool in modern spinal surgery.

The Perlove Medical Spine Surgical Navigation System PL300B represents a leap forward in spinal surgery, providing cutting-edge imaging, navigation, and real-time surgical support. By improving accuracy, reducing complications, and facilitating minimally invasive approaches, the PL300B is poised to be an invaluable asset in spinal healthcare. It allows surgeons to offer their patients better, safer, and more effective treatments.

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What Are the Different Types of Medical X-ray Imaging Equipment?

Medical X-ray imaging equipment is one of the core tools in modern diagnostic medicine. By using various technical methods to generate images of internal human structures, it provides essential support for clinical diagnosis and treatment.

So, what are the common types of medical X-ray imaging equipment? This article will give you a comprehensive overview.

1. General-purpose Imaging EquipmentP

Digital Radiography (DR)

Digital radiography (DR) systems are the modern, digitized evolution of traditional X-ray imaging technology. They are widely used for routine examinations of various body parts, including the chest, abdomen, and skeletal system (such as the lumbar spine and limbs). Key advantages of DR systems include real-time imaging, high resolution, and reduced radiation exposure. They also support post-processing functions like window width/level adjustment and 3D reconstruction. These features make DR especially suitable for rapid screening of fractures and lung conditions such as pneumonia or nodules.

DR systems can be categorized by structure into:

Suspended systems (e.g., PLD7100 Series by Perlove)

U Arm systems (e.g., PLX8600 Series by Perlove)

Mobile DR (e.g., PLX5500 Series by Perlove)

Table DR (e.g.,PLD7900 Series by Perlove)

PLX5300 Mobile DR

2. Specialized Imaging Equipment

1. Mammography Machines

Mammography units are specifically designed for early breast cancer screening and diagnosing breast-related diseases. They can detect microcalcifications, masses, and structural distortions. These machines use low-energy X-rays (typically ≤30 kV), minimizing radiation exposure, making them ideal for routine exams in women.

2. Dental X-ray Machines

Dental X-ray machines come in two main types:

Intraoral units for imaging individual teeth

Extraoral units for panoramic or cephalometric imaging

They are used to diagnose periodontal disease, cavities, jaw deformities, temporomandibular joint disorders, and are also essential for treatment planning in implants and orthodontics.

3. Gastrointestinal (GI) X-ray Machines

Gastrointestinal X-ray Machine

3. Interventional and Surgical Imaging Equipment

1. C-arm X-ray Machines

C-arm systems provide real-time imaging guidance during surgeries such as fracture reduction, joint replacement, vascular interventions, and pain management procedures (e.g., ozone therapy). The C-shaped design allows flexible positioning and supports both fluoroscopy and still imaging during surgery.

C-arm machines are generally classified into:

Mini C-arms (e.g., PLX118C Series by Perlove) – ideal for extremity surgeries

Medium C-arms (e.g., PLX7100A Series) – support DSA functions for peripheral vascular interventions

Big C-arms, also known as DSA systems (e.g., uAngio860 Series by United Imaging)

C-arm X-ray Machine

2. Digital Subtraction Angiography (DSA)

DSA systems inject contrast agents and use real-time subtraction techniques to clearly display vascular structures. They are widely used for precise localization in interventional treatments such as cerebral aneurysms, coronary artery stenosis, and tumor embolization.

These various types of medical X-ray imaging equipment cover the full clinical workflow—from routine screenings to precision-guided interventions. With ongoing advancements in digital technology, low-dose imaging, and multimodal integration, diagnostic efficiency and safety have significantly improved. Looking ahead, as artificial intelligence and 5G technology continue to evolve, X-ray imaging systems are expected to become increasingly intelligent and remotely accessible.

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f-DR Meets 3D: A New Era in Medical Imaging

What Makes This Technology Special?

To understand what makes f-DR + 3D so revolutionary, let’s break it down:

Volumetric Imaging (also known as digital tomosynthesis) takes multiple low-dose X-ray images from different angles and reconstructs them into a 3D view of the body.

Functional Imaging shows how tissues and organs are working—not just what they look like. Think of it as seeing not just the structure, but also the function of the body.

f-DR combines these techniques to create a powerful tool that can capture 3D images and assess real-time functional changes in the body.

Why It Matters for Patients

One of the standout features of this new technology is the ability to perform 3D scans while the patient is standing. Traditional DR (Digital Radiography) only captures 2D images, which can be distorted depending on the patient’s positioning. 3D f-DR provides more accurate and complete data—especially valuable for diagnosing complex conditions.

For example:

In scoliosis or knee arthritis, doctors need to measure spine angles or limb alignment while the patient is upright. f-DR enables this.

It also gives clearer insights into joint motion, spinal movement, and more—something standard CT and MRI often can’t do in a standing position.

Functional Imaging Without the Fuss

Beyond 3D, f-DR opens the door to a range of functional tests—without the need for contrast agents or long MRI sessions. It’s especially useful for:

Pulmonary blood flow: f-DR can detect areas of the lungs with poor blood flow, similar to what CT angiography does—but faster and safer.

Lung ventilation: By analyzing breathing motion, f-DR helps identify airflow issues, which is vital for early COPD diagnosis.

Joint and spine movement analysis: Using AI, f-DR can track how bones move during activity, aiding in injury recovery assessments.

Safer and More Accessible

Compared to CT scans, f-DR delivers lower radiation doses, making it safer for children, elderly patients, and pregnant women. It’s also MRI-friendly—meaning it can be used on patients with pacemakers, metal implants, or claustrophobia.

A True Multi-Tasking Machine

With f-DR and 3D imaging combined in one system, hospitals and clinics can now:

Capture highly accurate 3D scans

Conduct real-time functional evaluations

Improve diagnostic speed and accuracy

Reduce radiation exposure

Avoid many of the limitations of CT and MRI

Conclusion: One Machine, Many Possibilities

Standing 3D cone beam imaging with f-DR isn’t just an upgrade—it’s a paradigm shift. By combining structural and functional insights in one scan, this technology is transforming how we diagnose, monitor, and treat disease. It’s a win for doctors, and even more so for patients.

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Enhancing Surgical Robot Navigation with Mobile 3D Flat Panel C-arm Imaging

In recent years, surgical robotics has been widely used and robot-assisted surgery has become increasingly popular worldwide.

What Is a Mobile 3D Flat Panel C-arm?

Unlike conventional spiral CT used in radiology departments, mobile 3D flat panel C-arms utilize cone-beam CT technology. This compact, maneuverable system can be easily deployed in operating rooms and provides high-resolution, 3D intraoperative imaging. Devices such as the Perlove Medical PLX C7600 exemplify this technology, particularly in spinal and orthopedic procedures.

Let’s explore how mobile 3D C-arm systems assist surgical robots in four key steps during spinal surgery:

1. Intraoperative Image Acquisition

In orthopedic procedures—especially spinal surgeries—real-time visualization of bone structures is essential. Compared to MRI, intraoperative C-arm imaging is often the preferred solution due to its superior ability to render bone anatomy with high accuracy.

Mobile 3D flat panel C-arms allow the acquisition of multiple fluoroscopic images during surgery. These are sent to a workstation where a 3D reconstruction is generated, offering real-time updates of the patient’s anatomy. The most advanced systems even support automatic 3D reconstruction using preoperative data, ensuring that what surgeons see during the procedure truly reflects the current anatomical conditions.

2. Motion Capture for Real-Time Tracking

Accurate surgical navigation depends heavily on motion capture systems that track the spatial positioning of surgical instruments. In spinal surgery, optical tracking is most commonly used.

These systems use cameras to triangulate the exact position of surgical tools in three-dimensional space. To maintain tracking accuracy, the surgical team must ensure an unobstructed line of sight between the cameras and instruments throughout the procedure.

By integrating with the surgical robot, motion capture allows the system to track tool movement and orientation in real time—providing a live view of surgical instrument trajectories with sub-millimeter accuracy.

3. Image Registration for Surgical Precision

Image registration is the process of aligning intraoperative images with the patient’s actual anatomy, effectively creating a navigational “map” for the robotic system.

For example, Perlove Medical’s Spine Surgical Navigation System PL300B automatically performs this step by tracking the movement of the C-arm during 3D image acquisition. This method, known as trajectory-based registration, offers several advantages:

Not reliant on image quality

Higher registration precision

Fewer manual steps

Improved system efficiency

4. Real-Time Image Visualization

Once registration is complete, the navigation system overlays a virtual representation of the surgical instrument onto the 3D images captured by the C-arm. As the surgeon maneuvers the tool, its digital counterpart moves accordingly on the screen.

This real-time visualization allows the surgeon to evaluate the spatial relationship between the instrument and the patient’s anatomy continuously. The result is more accurate targeting, enhanced control, and a higher degree of confidence during delicate tasks like pedicle screw placement in spinal surgery.

The Impact: Safer, Smarter, and Faster Surgery

The integration of mobile 3D flat panel C-arm imaging with surgical robotic systems delivers transformative benefits:

Higher accuracy in screw placement

Lower complication rates

Reduced radiation exposure for staff and patients

Minimized bleeding and postoperative pain

Shorter recovery times and hospital stays

By combining advanced imaging and robotics, this approach not only enhances clinical outcomes but also improves the overall surgical experience for both patients and healthcare providers.