#Supercharges the atmosphere and makes st. Elmo's fire

[mintytrifecta]

I've been thinking so hard about TLEs and strange weather phenomenon and combining it with my ninjago brainrot I'm thinking so hard about Jay's lightning and everything he could potentially do with it

[sciencespies]

Astronauts Capture Volcano Erupting After Nearly a Century of Silence

https://sciencespies.com/news/astronauts-capture-volcano-erupting-after-nearly-a-century-of-silence/

Astronauts Capture Volcano Erupting After Nearly a Century of Silence

Watching a volcano erupt would be cool. But having a front-row seat 254 miles above the volcano? That would be a view.

Astronauts aboard the International Space Station captured the breathtaking scene Saturday showing the vigorous eruption of the Raikoke volcano.

Raikoke is an uninhabited island along the Kuril chain, a necklace of narrow strip islands draped 500 miles from northern Japan to northeast Russia. Formerly owned by Japan, the volcanic island – which occupies an area less than two square miles – is now under the control of Russia, and has been since World War II.

The aerial view offers a perspective seldom seen during major eruptions. Like a thunderstorm, a mushroom cloud blossoms over the volcano, where ash is catapulted into the sky with explosive force. The updraft is so strong in the middle that it “outruns” the plume’s periphery, making the edges curl down before becoming entrained in the rising cloud again. During Saturday’s eruption, the plume may have rocketed up more than 50,000 feet (10 miles).

It’s easy to guess which way the winds were blowing by looking at the photograph. A more diffuse, expansive sheet of ash clouds lingers downwind, transported by strong upper-level winds over the Sea of Okhotsk. Volcanic ash is heavy in silicates, which have a melting temperature close to 2,000 degrees. Many commercial aircraft engines operate at temperatures well over 2,500 degrees – meaning the dust-like particles would melt and stick to vital mechanics in the plane. That can cause them to “choke” an engine, making volcanic ash clouds dangerous for aviation.

Volcanic ash can’t be seen on traditional radar or the forward-looking radar in the nose of most jets. That makes forecasting it vitally important. Visibly, ash clouds are easy to spot from far away, so they’re simple to avoid during the daytime. But if a plane was to enter an ash cloud at night, it would have one telltale sign: electricity arcing across the windshield.

Volcanic ash clouds are highly electrified. If a plane flew into one, so much charge would build up that discharges of St. Elmo’s Fire would leap across the windshield like small lightning bolts.

Raikoke’s ash cloud was no exception, with hundreds of lightning bolts leaping from the supercharged ash above. Atmospheric scientists refer to this lightning barrage as a “dirty thunderstorm.”

The intensity and frequency of volcanic lightning discharges can offer insight about how robust the eruption was. Lightning activity peaked during four main periods, suggesting Raikoke’s eruption was several individual bursts. That’s also evident in the shape of the clouds: notice the downwind anvil is already there while a new plume immediately goes over the volcano.

Near the base of the plume, a collar of white, puffy clouds can be seen. That’s water vapour – not ash. The enormous amount of gas and other materials released by the volcano probably contained water vapour, with the temperature contrast between the fiery plume and the air around it causing condensation.

What would it be like under this cloud? First, you’d see the amber, sand-coloured anvil approaching. There might be an ominous display of mammatus clouds, the iconic pouch-like bags that hang beneath foreboding storms that usually are a sign of turbulence in the atmosphere. The sun would appear a creepy orange colour until it disappeared. Lightning would crackle, crawling along the anvil; the gases in the atmosphere would make it a neon-purple colour. Bolts would hit the ground as far as 60 miles away.

Closer to the plume, you might get a spattering of small pebbles raining down, possibly with a thin glaze of ice around them, like rocky hailstones. Depending on the temperature of the atmosphere, deadly gas and ash might make it down toward the surface. A number of whirlwinds and waterspouts would likely also be dancing.

Saturday’s eruption marks Raikoke’s first since 1924. Before that, a “catastrophic” eruption occurred in 1778. In the meantime, there’s no telling what Raikoke’s next move will be.

© The Washington Post 2019

#News

[bharatiyamedia-blog]

Breathtaking Picture Reveals What a Volcano Eruption Appears Like From Area

http://tinyurl.com/yys5tvj8 Watching a volcano erupt could be cool. However having a front-row seat 254 miles (408 kilometers) above the volcano? That might be a view. Astronauts aboard the Worldwide Area Station captured the breathtaking scene Saturday exhibiting the vigorous eruption of the Raikoke volcano.   Raikoke is an uninhabited island alongside the Kuril chain, a necklace of slim strip islands draped 500 miles (800 kilometers) from northern Japan to northeast Russia. Previously owned by Japan, the volcanic island – which occupies an space lower than two sq. miles (5 sq. kilometers) – is below the management of Russia, and has been since World Battle II. The aerial view provides a perspective seldom seen throughout main eruptions. Like a thunderstorm, a mushroom cloud blossoms over the volcano, the place ash is catapulted into the sky with explosive power. The updraft is so sturdy within the center that it “outruns” the plume’s periphery, making the sides curl down earlier than changing into entrained within the rising cloud once more. Throughout Saturday’s eruption, the plume may have rocketed up greater than 50,000 ft (10 miles or 15 kilometers). It is simple to guess which manner the winds had been blowing by trying on the {photograph}. A extra diffuse, expansive sheet of ash clouds lingers downwind, transported by sturdy upper-level winds over the Sea of Okhotsk. Volcanic ash is heavy in silicates, which have a melting temperature near 2,000 levels Fahrenheit (1,100 levels Celsius). Many business plane engines function at temperatures nicely over 2,500 Fahrenheit (1,400 Celsius) – that means the dustlike particles would soften and stick with very important mechanics within the airplane. That may trigger them to “choke” an engine, making volcanic ash clouds harmful for aviation. On this limb view from #GOESWest, you’ll be able to see the jap facet of the volcanic cloud from the #Raikoke eruption because it ascends vertically into the environment. Extra imagery: https://t.co/FcYr1NZsje pic.twitter.com/pIhiLUiW8P — NOAA Satellites (@NOAASatellites) June 25, 2019 Volcanic ash cannot be seen on conventional radar or the forward-looking radar within the nostril of most jets. That makes forecasting it vitally vital. Visibly, ash clouds are simple to identify from far-off, in order that they’re easy to keep away from through the daytime. But when a airplane was to enter an ash cloud at evening, it might have one telltale signal: electrical energy arcing throughout the windshield.   Volcanic ash clouds are extremely electrified. If a airplane flew into one, a lot cost would construct up that discharges of St. Elmo’s Fire would leap across the windshield like small lightning bolts. Raikoke’s ash cloud was no exception, with a whole lot of lightning bolts leaping from the supercharged ash above. Atmospheric scientists discuss with this lightning barrage as a “soiled thunderstorm.” #Raikoke Volcano: four distinct durations of #lightning exercise within the earlier 24 hours. @VaisalaGroup #GLD360 detected 753 lightning occasions, of which 642 had been labeled as IC, 111 as CG. Peak currents ranged from -64 kA to 105 kA. pic.twitter.com/7dJPgTbLaD — Ch☈is Vagas|☇y (@COweatherman) June 22, 2019 The depth and frequency of volcanic lightning discharges can provide perception about how sturdy the eruption was. Lightning exercise peaked throughout 4 predominant durations, suggesting Raikoke’s eruption was a number of particular person bursts. That is additionally evident within the form of the clouds: discover the downwind anvil is already there whereas a brand new plume instantly goes over the volcano. Close to the bottom of the plume, a collar of white, puffy clouds may be seen. That is water vapor – not ash. The big quantity of gasoline and different supplies launched by the volcano in all probability contained water vapor, with the temperature distinction between the fiery plume and the air round it inflicting condensation.   What would it not be like below this cloud? First, you’d see the amber, sand-colored anvil approaching. There is likely to be an ominous display of mammatus clouds, the long-lasting pouch-like luggage that cling beneath foreboding storms that normally are an indication of turbulence within the environment. The solar would seem a creepy orange colour till it disappeared. Lightning would crackle, crawling alongside the anvil; the gases within the environment would make it a neon-purple colour. Bolts would hit the bottom so far as 60 miles (100 kilometers) away. Nearer to the plume, you would possibly get a spattering of small pebbles raining down, probably with a skinny glaze of ice round them, like rocky hailstones. Relying on the temperature of the environment, lethal gasoline and ash would possibly make it down towards the floor. A lot of whirlwinds and waterspouts would likely also be dancing. Video of volcano #Raikoke eruption and island view after eruption – June 23 2019, the Kuril islandsWriter – Николай Павлов, https://t.co/cC7N8EWygT For media use contact: [email protected]@simoncarn @beduy @janinekrippner @szharangi pic.twitter.com/1pm5dNOwwH — Kirill Bakanov (@WeatherSarov) June 26, 2019 Saturday’s eruption marks Raikoke’s first since 1924. Earlier than that, a “catastrophic” eruption occurred in 1778. Within the meantime, there is not any telling what Raikoke’s subsequent transfer shall be. 2019 © The Washington Submit This text was initially printed by The Washington Post.   Source link