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mifotaze-blog · 5 years

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The Confidential Secrets of Ethiopia Visa Exposed

http://tr.ivisa.com/ethiopia-visa

The Foolproof Ethiopia Visa Strategy A business visa in South Africa is made for foreign applicants who desire to invest into a current business or a new small business. The Embassy does not have any information about security difficulties and other tourists or participants of official and company meetings. In case the travel date is approaching and we didn't obtain the requested supporting documents you'll be in a position to apply just for a partial refund.

Visa request can't be processed without your initial passport. The online Ethiopia visa registration isn't difficult to finish. On this page you may read more about the way to submit an application for a short-term visa to go to Denmark.

Chinese students desire a NESO certificate to turn in an application for an ATR. You're no longer required to visit the Ethiopian embassy, and you may do it anytime and from anywhere. Beside, it is possible to also apply to acquire a visa at Turkey Embassy in Ethiopia.

The Debate Over Ethiopia Visa The application form is not difficult to complete. It is available below. The application is completed online and just requires a few minutes.

The Most Popular Ethiopia Visa When submitting your application, you have to be able to generate a travel document which is going to be valid for three or more months following your visa expires. The fee depends upon the duration of validity.

Applicants who don't pay the appropriate fee for their visa type could possibly be restricted from scheduling an interview. Payment will likewise be made on the site. Based on your citizenship and the sort of visa you're applying for, you can also need to pay a visa issuance or reciprocity fee.

When you enter the Schengen Area, the days in the length of stay box begin to count down. Furthermore you might be asked to supply a letter from your house employer and they can request that you attend an interview. Another thing to notice is that there's also a provision for E-visa which is rather different from Visa on arrival.

Be aware that the term visa validity' usually indicates the duration within which you should make your journey. If there's a child included, be ready for 2-4 more days to finish the medical. For instance, if you've got a 30-day e-Visa and you choose to travel 10 days later, you can remain in Ethiopia only for 20 days.

Remember that you'll need an Ethiopia visa on the internet if you wish to go to the country without problems. If you plan to travel in more than 1 country in the Schengen region, you must submit an application for a Schengen visa at the mission of the Schengen country where you would like to stay longest. Based on the aim of your travel to Estonia, there are several types of visas that will apply to the occasion.

A Philippine passport holder must receive a visa before travelling to Ethiopia so that they'll be permitted to enter and remain in the country. The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is situated in the north-eastern portion of Africa commonly called the Horn of Africa. As soon as you are in Ethiopia you aren't going to be in a position to modify your immigration status.

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bobbynolanios88 · 6 years

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Top 10 Friendly Countries for Blockchain Startups

Blockchain has been a revolution in the digital market for the last couple of years. It has occupied an important place in the digital currency revolution. The growth of technology has touched various fields such as smartphones, vehicles, shipping and a small sector in the sector of banking.

Although there is no country in the world which is not aware of this technology, there is a huge difference of opinion among countries regarding this revolution. There are various factors a blockchain startup has to look up before deciding it as a host country such as the jurisdiction regulations of the country, political views, tax system etc as these factors are going to affect the growth of any startup. While some countries are allowing blockchain startups to set up legally, while some are in no mood for any such beginning in the country and there are also some countries which are not sure about it.

Let us take a glance at the top 10 friendly countries for blockchain startups:

1. Malta:

This small Mediterranean country is on the verge of becoming the ‘island of blockchains’. The beginning of all these was when the biggest cryptocurrency exchange of world, Binance chose to inaugurate its office in this country. Also, they have informed all to set up a ‘crypto’ bank on this island.

Malta has been improving and enhancing new regulations that are friendly for blockchain startups. The country is so much dedicated to this technology that even the head of the country, the Prime Minister has predicted that the country will be the best place for this kind of startups throughout the world. The regulations are mainly focussed to evolve and encourage the investors to start this kind of projects in the country.

2. Switzerland:

The settling up of a crypto valley in one of its town, Zug, is sufficient to describe how much amiable this country to blockchain startups. It is one of the famous center of blockchain technology across the globe. Adding to the ice, they have imposed a tax-free regulation for the investors who want to invest in this kind of startups. Apart from it, their laws and regulations are very attractive and appreciated by investors as well as developers.

It has been the host of several blockchain projects including DFINITY, Xapo and of course, Ethereum. The privacy rules and protection of data are also appreciated by the blockchain startups.

3. Japan:

Japan is one of those countries which have approved cryptocurrency such as Bitcoin as a legal tender. It has been home of several blockchain traders, even some of the stores in the country have no problem in taking payments from users as Bitcoin currency. After six months of recognizance of cryptocurrency as legal, Japan is now accountable for more than half of total such trades.

Although there are various regulations regarding blockchain startups, they are friendly and easy to be acceptable and it’s not difficult to stary sich any startup in the country.

4. Singapore:

This country is a home of a huge number of triumphant startups in the field of blockchain technology. This country is nearer to two super giant technology rival countries Japan as well as China which makes it a more suitable center for startup of blockchains. The rules and regulations of this country are also very amiable and favorable bt the cryptocurrency. It has already a lot of exchanges of blockchain currency. So if a blockchain startup is willing to start and want to be in touch of both China and Japan clients and government, Singapore is the best country.

5. Belarus:

Two years back itself in 2017, this country made several rules and regulation affecting blockchain and crypto industry. As per these laws, they have made these digital currencies as the legal one in the country. The restrictions in the trade related to blockchain technologies are so friendly that the investors almost feel free to start any such startup or invest in this kind of organizations. Also, as per the rules, these kinds of trades are tax-free in the country until 2023. Due to the friendly rules and success, it is one of the preferable countries for blockchain startups.

6. Estonia:

Estonia is a developing country which has always tried to adopt new technologies in order for the benefits of the people and finance of the country. It has imposed several acts that attract the investors of the country as well as other countries to set up a blockchain startup in this country. It has declared itself to be a remarkable country in blockchain technology very soon. Also, they have established a new kind of citizenship known as e-residency which also attracts blockchain startups.

7. South Africa:

This country has depicted a tremendous interest in blockchain technology. They have made the crypto transactions as legalized one in the country. They have made several initiatives in order to attract the investors to start such startup in South Africa. The rules and regulation related to this crypto market in this country are also not so harsh, they always tend to welcome these industries. It is becoming as one of the most profitable countries for blockchain startups in Africa subcontinent.

8. Denmark:

Denmark has already announced a regulation stating complete relaxation in tax for any kind of blockchain trade. It is one of the most amiable countries for welcoming these types of startups in the country. The rules of the country are very friendly for the crypto industry making it one the interest for blockchain startups.

9. United States:

When it comes to adopting new technology in the market, this country is always in the front. The rules and regulations vary across different states of the country. Despite the oppose in some state, there are Bitcoin ATMs in the country. The friendly states of the county, Montana, Texas, etc. have very amiable regulations while welcoming the blockchain startups. Apart from it, no other country in the world can be better for any technology to start other than the US itself.

10. United Arab Emirates (UAE):

This Arabian country is also one of the most friendly nations. They have already used their own digital currency since 2016 and now welcoming global cryptocurrencies. The jurisdiction is very cooperative towards the blockchain and crypto industry. They are planning to be the first country in the world as a government powered by blockchain by next year. Due to these reasons, UAE is also one of the most preferable countries for blockchain startup.

The market conditions of countries continue changes. The expansion of crypto and interest in blockchain startups is so high that many countries are willing to accept it in their country. There are various factors to establish the startup in the country and initial requirement would be an amiable regulation and legalization. Apart from above-mentioned countries, UK, Sweden, China, South Korea etc. are also preferable.

Source link http://bit.ly/2HjFERe

#IFTTT #Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin

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traduzioni90 · 3 years

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New Post has been published on Residency Bond Program for You

New Post has been published on http://residency-bond.info/fiscal-residence-and-second-citizenship/

FISCAL RESIDENCE AND SECOND CITIZENSHIP

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If it is deemed appropriate, it is necessary to choose well in which Country to take Tax Residence, as much if you are:

– Entrepreneurs and managers – Traders and investors – Private citizens with medium, high and medium income – Digital nomads and crypto-currency earners

We recommend Paraguay and offer Tax Residency (not a fictitious residence but a real tax residence abroad).

Furthermore, after having had Tax Residency in Paraguay, it is possible not to appear in the Country for three consecutive years and at the end of the three years to have Paraguayan Citizenship with the advantage of being able to take advantage of a double passport.

To obtain the Tax Residence and the Bank Account it is necessary to travel only for 5 or 6 days to then be able to return to the country of origin with Residence and Current Account.

After 3 years with another trip you can get the Second Citizenship, without giving up your Main Citizenship.

Request Form

To get more information and check your eligibility please fill in the Request Form below.

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#FISCAL RESIDENCE #SECOND CITIZENSHIP #citizenship

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infocompanyinestonia · 4 years

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The Perks of starting a crypto company in Estonia

Agree or not, the digital currency has become the fuel of the economy in Estonia. There is no doubt that Estonia has become the center for digital nomads, investors, and entrepreneurs. Estonian government supports when you think to start a crypto company in Estonia. Because of endless opportunities, they give choices to start a virtual or non-virtual company and provide opportunities to grow your company in entire Europe. Isn't it great, you don't need to present physically, and still you can start your crypto company in Estonia. Remember they issue the license to the entrepreneur from across the world to start a crypto company in Estonia. Here are the perks of starting a crypto company in Estonia:

REGISTRATION IS NOT EXPENSIVE

Don't worry about the expense of registration of a crypto company. In Estonia, the registration is cheaper than registering your company in Switzerland or other European countries. You don't have to spend dollars on the registration, it’s affordable and feasible to entrepreneurs.

E-RESIDENCY SYSTEM

No matter which portion of the world you belong to, whether you are a non-resident, you will get treated as a resident in Estonia. There are not only pioneers in the e-residency program in Estonia; they support every individual to open an online or offline crypto company. The E-residency system allows non-Estonian citizens to apply for citizenship. The registration of a company in Estonia becomes easy by e-residency card. Starting a crypto company in Estonia is beneficial because of the excellent reputation in the world in terms of operating a company.

NO CORPORATE TAXES

Now coming to the taxes, as you know, starting a business in other countries has many obstacles and tax is on the top of it. The no corporate tax policy makes Estonia stand out in the crowd. 0% corporate tax is an important reason why investors choose to start a crypto company in Estonia. After setting your company in Estonia, you have complete freedom to invest your profit. Plus you don't need to pay anything in the form of tax.

SIMPLE LICENSE PROCESSING

Estonia has the most simple license processing. You can start your crypto company in Estonia by hassle-free license processing. Estonia has the most affordable license processing when it comes to Blockchain. If you pass the eligibility criteria, then there are chances of fast license approval. The review process of licensing can take up to a month.

Gradually Estonia has become an established European financial hotspot. The crypto company startup is becoming popular in Estonia as it attracts many investors with tremendous support from the Estonian government. Factually, Estonia has become the number one country in Europe to make clear legislation on cryptocurrency-related operations. However, you may face a few obstacles in opening the bank account but the rest processing to start a crypto company in Estonia is well-to-do. So, investment in Estonia is the best option when you choose to start up a crypto company.

Start your trade venture for cryptocurrencies in Estonia!

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peterdiamandis · 7 years

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The World is (Still) Better Than You Think

Your mindset matters — now more than ever.

We are in the midst of a drug epidemic. The drug? Negative news. The drug pushers? The media. As I wrote in Abundance: The Future is Better Than You Think, we pay 10x more attention to negative news than positive news. We are being barraged with negative news on every device. This constant onslaught distorts your perspective on the future, and inhibits your ability to make a positive impact. In this blog, I’ll share new “evidence for abundance” -- charts and data that show the world is getting better. I’ll also share positive news and technological breakthroughs, all of which occurred in 2017 so far. Note: This isn’t about ignoring or minimizing the major issues we still face around the world. It’s about countering our romanticized views of the world in centuries past with data. My hope is that you’re able to see the world as it is — a world that is still getting better. My goal here is to help you protect your abundance mindset despite this barrage of negative news. If you have a negative-minded person in your life, forward this blog to them so they can look at the actual data. Let’s dive in...

1. Global Economy

The first area to explore is our global economy. Over the last 200 years, the world’s GDP has *skyrocketed* 100-fold. Humankind has never been more prosperous and productive.

World GDP Over the Last Two Millennia

The graph above depicts the economic output per person around the world over the last 2,000 years. Here we see exponential growth independent of war, famine or disease.

Technology drove much of this economic growth, and there’s no signs of slowing. Banking the Unbanked: One especially promising area of economic growth involves empowering the “unbanked” — the 2 billion people worldwide who lack access to a bank account or financial institution via a digital device. In September 2017, the government of Finland announced a partnership with MONI to create a digital money system for refugees.

The system effectively eliminates some of the logistical barriers to financial transactions, enabling displaced people to participate in the economy and rebuild their lives.

Refugees will be able to loan money to friends, receive paychecks and access funds using prepaid debit cards linked to digital identities on the blockchain -- without a bank.

Blockchain & Government: Governments are investing aggressively in digitization themselves. The small country of Estonia, for example, already has an e-Residency program. The digital citizenship lets residents get government services and even start companies in the EU without ever traveling or living there. In late August 2017, Kaspar Korjus, who heads up that e-Residency program, revealed the Estonian government’s exploration of creating an initial coin offering (ICO) and issuing crypto tokens to citizens to raise government funds. That same month, the Chinese government announced its intent to use blockchain technology for collecting taxes and issuing invoices. This builds on previous experiments China’s central bank is conducting with its own cryptocurrency.

2. Health

No matter where in the world you are, mortality rates have dropped precipitously over the last 300 years.

The following chart shows life expectancy at birth in various countries. Just 100 years ago, a child born in India or South Korea was only expected to live to 23. Fast forward to today, and India’s life expectancy has tripled. South Korea’s life expectancy has quadrupled, and now is higher than in the U.K.

Global Life Expectancy

Plummeting Teen Births: Another measure of a nation’s health is how it responds to preventable public health issues. Here in the U.S., teen births are down an impressive 51 percent over the last decade, going from from 41.5 births per 1,000 teenage girls in 2007 to 20.3 births per 1,000 teenage girls in 2016. I share the following graph because, by the numbers, teen girls who have babies will have a harder life than their peers who delay motherhood. As the U.S. Department of Health & Human Services notes, they’re more likely to drop out of high school, rely on public assistance, and have children with “poorer educational, behavioral and health outcomes over the course of their life than kids born to older parents.”

Since these statistics were first compiled in 1991, teen births have dropped 67 percent.

U.S. Birth Rates, by Age Group (1991 - 2015)

As exponential technologies continue to advance, we’ll see even more healthcare breakthroughs. Here’s a sampling from this year: Exponential Tech Impact on Health: Most exciting these days is the tremendous impact that exponential technologies are having on Health.

Robotics: Last month, a robot dentist in China successfully implanted 3D-printed teeth into a female patient’s mouth with “high precision.” The only human medical staff involvement was to conduct light setup and a pre-test. Imagine when such robots are in every healthcare facility on the planet, delivering service for the cost of electricity.

Virtual Reality: VR is also entering the operating room. In July 2017, University of Minnesota doctors used VR to prepare for a challenging non-routine surgery -- separating a pair of twins conjoined at the heart. Not only was the life-saving surgery a success, the VR prep gave doctors unforeseen insights that prompted them to accelerate the surgery by several months. It won’t be long until we refuse to have surgery completed by any human who hasn’t prepared in virtual reality using a personalized 3D model.

CRISPR/Gene Editing: Finally, in August 2017, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first-ever treatment that uses gene editing to transform a patient’s own cells into a “living drug.” Kymriah, a one-time treatment made by Novartis, was approved to treat B-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia -- an aggressive form of leukemia that the FDA calls “devastating and deadly.” The FDA is currently considering over 550 additional experimental gene therapies. What happens to our healthy human lifespan as these life-saving treatments demonetize and become universally accessible?

3. Environment

Thirty years ago, the world signed the Montreal Protocol to prevent the depletion of the Ozone Layer. Today, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) credits that agreement with preventing an estimated 280 million additional cases of skin cancer, 45 million cataracts, and 1.5 million skin cancer deaths between its signing in 1987 and the year 2050. Without the Montreal Protocol, the planet would have been about 4 degrees warmer by 2050 (...resulting in more extreme weather events like droughts, floods and hurricanes). As the graph below clearly depicts, the global annual death rate from natural disasters has plummeted over the past century.

Global Annual Death Rate From Natural Disasters

Why has this happened? It’s the impact of exponential technologies (satellites, sensors, networks, machine learning), which enable humans to better image, predict and model disasters. These models provide early warning systems, enabling citizens to flee to safety and for first responders to send supplies and food to remote areas in time. Drones & the Environment: Previously, animals were counted manually by researchers who had to spot them from helicopter or prepositioned camera footage. Now, a drone captures footage, the machine learning system counts different types of animals, and human volunteers help train the algorithm by verifying detections. Faster, cheaper, easier, and more accurate. And in Bengaluru, researchers at the Indian Institute of Science are fighting deforestation with camera-equipped drones that drop seeds in areas they otherwise wouldn’t be able to explore. Their goal is to seed 10,000 acres in the region. What becomes possible when thousands of teams — not simply individuals and a handful of research teams — leverage these tools to protect the environment?

4. Energy

A key measure of economic growth, living standards and poverty alleviation is access to electricity. This graph uses data from the World Bank and the International Energy Agency’s definition of electricity access, which is delivery and use of at least 250 kilowatt-hours per year in rural households and 500 kilowatt-hours per year in rural households. Simply put, more people around the world have access to electricity than ever, and the absolute number of those without access to electricity is dropping (despite population growth). Take a look at the chart below to see how various regions of the world are meeting their energy needs.

Share of the Population With Access to Electricity

As you see above, India has gone from 45 percent access to electricity in 1990 to nearly 80 percent in 2014.

Afghanistan has seen an even more dramatic improvement, going from 0.16 percent of the population in 2000 to 89.5 percent of the population in 2014.

As renewable energy sources become cheaper and more accessible, we’ll reach total electrification.

Here too, we’re making great progress. In 2016, solar power grew faster than any other fuel source for the first time ever. Around the world, solar prices are still dropping. The latest forecast from GTM Research reports prices of $2.07 per watt in Japan to $.65 per watt in India, with prices dropping across hard and soft costs.

Historical and Forecasted Utility PV System Pricing, 2013 - 2022E

In 2017 alone, we saw wind power become cheaper than nuclear in the U.K., with the cost of subsidies slashed in half since 2015. As the BBC reports, during the U.K.’s 2015 subsidy auction, “offshore wind farm projects won subsidies between £114 and £120 per megawatt hour.” Just two years later, two firms committed to a guaranteed price of £57.50 per megawatt hour. Looking stateside, the U.S. Department of Energy announced in September 2017 that utility-scale solar has officially hit its 2020 cost targets three years early — with generation costs of $1 per watt and energy consumption costs of $0.06 per kilowatt-hour.

US Commercial & Residential Solar Costs

5. Food

Despite the headlines, we’re making steady progress in the realm of food scarcity and hunger. This graph features World Bank data on the percentage of the population that has an inadequate caloric intake. Globally, 18.6 percent of the population was undernourished in 1991; by 2015, it dropped to 10.8 percent.

Prevalence of Undernourishment in Developing Countries

Time and again, technology is making scarce resources abundant. I’ve written about bioprinted meat, genetically engineered crops, vertical farming, and agriculture robots and drones. Two more examples from 2017 so far:

Human-Free Farms: In a 1.5-acre remote farm in the U.K., Harper Adams University and Precision Decisions recently harvested their first crop of barley. The twist? The farm is run autonomously. Instead of human farm workers, Hands Free Hectare uses autonomous vehicles, machine learning algorithms and drones to plant, tend and harvest.

Food From Electricity: Another big idea in the fight against food scarcity and undernourishment comes out of Finland, where researchers are creating food from electricity. The team, formed of researchers from the Lappeenranta University of Technology (LUT) and the VTT Technical Research Centre of Finland, have created a machine that runs on renewable energy to produce nutritious, single-cell proteins. The system is deployable in a variety of environments hostile to traditional agriculture, and future iterations will be able to produce food anywhere, from famine-stricken deserts to space.

Looking at the data, we truly live in the most exciting time to be alive.

And if your mindset enables you to see problems as opportunities, the future is even more exciting than the present.

Join Me

1. A360 Executive Mastermind: This is the sort of conversation I explore at my Executive Mastermind group called Abundance 360. The program is highly selective, for 360 abundance and exponentially minded CEOs (running $10M to $10B companies). If you’d like to be considered, apply here.

Share this with your friends, especially if they are interested in any of the areas outlined above.

2. Abundance-Digital Online Community: I’ve also created a Digital/Online community of bold, abundance-minded entrepreneurs called Abundance-Digital. Abundance-Digital is my ‘onramp’ for exponential entrepreneurs – those who want to get involved and play at a higher level. Click here to learn more.

Resources

U.S.: More wealthy people, fewer poor people. (Axiom)

Economic output per person around the world over the last 2,000 years (Our World in Data)

Finland: Digital money system for refugees (Medium)

China to experiment with collecting taxes via blockchain (MIT Technology Review)

Estonia considers ICO (Medium)

Mortality inequality by nation (inequality of life expectancy) drops (Sam Peltzman)

Teen births down 51% over last 10 years (Vox)

Vital Statistics - Teen Births, 2016 (CDC)

Teen pregnancy and childbearing (U.S. Department of Health & Human Services)

First robot dental surgery (Engadget)

FDA-Approved Gene Altering Treatment (NYTimes)

Doctors use VR in life-saving treatment for conjoined twins (Washington Post)

The Montreal Protocol is working (National Geographic)

Impact of the Montreal Protocol (EPA)

Annual number of deaths from natural disasters (Our World in Data)

Wildlife - Drones used to track wild animal populations (MIT Technology Review)

Reforestation - Bengaluru: Using Drones to plant forests (Your Story)

Share of the population with access to electricity (Our World in Data)

UK: Wind power cheaper than nuclear (BBC)

US: Solar costs beat government goals by three years (Quartz)

Solar costs are hitting jaw-dropping lows in every region of the world (Green Tech Media)

Prevalence of undernourishment in developing countries (Our World in Data)

Scientists make food from electricity (Futurism)

UK: “Hands-Free Hectare” robot farm plants, oversees harvests barley without humans (Digital Trends)

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newstfionline · 7 years

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Two Border Cities Share Russian History—and a Sharp European Divide

By Andrew Higgins, NY Times, Nov. 9, 2017

IVANGOROD, Russia--Little divides the Russian town of Ivangorod and its Estonian twin, Narva, but a fairly narrow river. That, and a vast cultural chasm.

If any more proof were needed, it came when the European Union decided to give the two Russian-speaking towns money to build promenades on each side of the river, with the idea of promoting cross-border harmony and tourism.

When the work was done Narva, which got about $830,000, had a promenade almost eight times as long as the one built in Ivangorod, which received nearly $1.2 million.

What accounts for the difference? Topographic challenges, say Ivangorod officials. Systemic problems, say those in Narva--and probably a little corruption, as well.

“It is a different world over there,” said Sergei Stepanov, the former longtime editor of Narvskaya Gazeta, a Russian-language newspaper in Narva. “You see and feel the difference as soon as you cross the bridge across the river--the roads, the bureaucracy, the mentality.”

The reason Ivangorod got a much smaller promenade for so much more money, he added, was “almost certainly” the result of corruption.

Viktor Karpenko, Ivangorod’s mayor and a former officer in the Federal Security Service, or the F.S.B., Russia’s domestic security service, said the difference was because of the difficult terrain and legal restrictions on the Russian side of the river--not corruption.

“On our side, everything was a lot more complicated than over there,” Mr. Karpenko said.

Narva, with a population of around 60,000, has five times as many residents as Ivangorod and, as a result, bigger and better facilities--including modern hospitals, swimming pools, shopping malls, a new university and free Wi-Fi access across much of the town.

All those amenities are absent in Ivangorod, though the Russian town is building a municipal swimming pool. The average salary there is around $500, barely half what it is in Narva. The gap in pensions is even wider.

Leonid Pelesev, an ethnic Russian who coaches Narva schoolchildren in chess, said that many of his fellow Russian-speakers in the Estonian town watch Russian state television and support, on an emotional level, the muscular nationalism promoted by Russia’s president, Vladimir V. Putin. But, he added, no one he knows actually wants to live in Russia.

“We are all Russians, but we have a different mentality here,” he said. “We are used to European ways.”

The youth center in Narva where he teaches chess has three well-heated rooms set aside for players. Enthusiasts across the river in Ivangorod, mostly retirees, gather in a sports complex, which provides a small, frigid room three times a week for a chess club run by a Soviet war veterans association.

Ivangorod has seen some improvements. Only a few years ago, the city looked like a wreck, and there was little hot water and no sewage treatment. That is no longer the case. But lately, with Russia’s budget squeeze because of falling energy prices, the money has largely stopped coming.

In Ivangorod, the town’s biggest attraction, aside from a fortress first built in 1492, is the newly renovated Church of the Holy Trinity, a charming cluster of spires and cupolas on the edge of a lake. It fell into ruin during the Soviet period but has been lavishly renovated with money from Russia’s state railway company.

The church, along with the fortress and various museums, make Ivangorod an attractive destination for tourists. But getting them to come is not easy: Russian law and its security apparatus have put Ivangorod out of bounds for all but the most determined visitors.

All Russians who live outside the border area and any foreigner who wants to visit must submit a written application in Russian and obtain permission from the Leningrad Region branch of the F.S.B., the successor to the Soviet-era K.G.B. It took a reporter for The New York Times two applications and four months to get the permits needed to spend time in Ivangorod.

Svetlana Valishvili, who edits Ivangorod’s only newspaper, teaches at a school and runs a center to help small businesses, said she had been trying for years to get foreigners to visit and to invest in her town but had been frustrated by the entrance restrictions.

Ivangorod’s mayor, Mr. Karpenko, acknowledged that the town’s classification as a restricted border zone “does not help us develop tourism.” It puts the town at a distinct disadvantage to Narva, which also has a fortress and museums but is open to anyone who lives in Estonia or is a foreign visitor.

Red tape and other complications also stalled the rebuilding and long-awaited reopening of a bridge for pedestrians between Ivangorod and Narva that has been closed since the Soviet Union collapsed in 1991, and turned what had been a single city into two towns in two countries.

The walkway, crucial to the revival of a derelict district of Ivangorod filled with the ruins of grand 19th-century buildings, was supposed to open last year. But a state-run Russian company that contracted to erect a customs building on the Russian side failed to complete its work.

Other plans to lift Ivangorod’s fortunes have similarly stumbled, including a European Union-funded project that would have started a shuttle bus service to Narva. The project was abandoned after the Russian town demanded more than $4 million to build a bus stop, while Narva, where salaries are higher and construction materials more expensive, asked for $1 million to construct its bus shelter.

Russia’s difficulty in keeping budgets and work schedules under control has helped create the biggest, or at least most visible, difference between Ivangorod and its Estonian neighbor: the state of their infrastructure.

On the Estonian side, streets are generally clean and well-repaired, while many in Ivangorod are scarred by potholes and, in the fall, scattered with leaves and other debris. Each town has a large stock of ugly, Soviet-era apartment buildings, but while those in Ivangorod show their age, Narva’s have been given a face-lift and their grounds mostly cleared of weeds and garbage.

As each part of the sundered city went its own way after the collapse of the Soviet Union, both struggled with the same economic calamities as Soviet-era factories went bankrupt. A giant textile plant in Narva laid off more than 10,000 workers, while a printing machine plant and other manufacturers crumbled in Ivangorod.

Public discontent grew so severe that calls went out on both sides of the river for a redrawing of the border to make the city whole again. An opposition member of Ivangorod’s local council, Yuri Gordeyev, collected signatures for a petition asking that Estonia incorporate the Russian city.

That effort, begun in the late 1990s under President Boris N. Yeltsin, fizzled when Mr. Gordeyev died in 2012 of a heart attack and Ivangorod’s once-boisterous local politics gave way to a new era of lock-step loyalty to Mr. Putin.

When Russia seized Crimea in 2014 and began stirring up separatist unrest in eastern Ukraine, there was widespread concern in Western capitals that Narva might also fall prey to jingoistic Russian propaganda and, as happened in Ukraine, to separatist subversion by Russian soldiers and secret agents masquerading as local activists.

Tarmo Tammiste, Narva’s mayor, recalled how, when traveling abroad, he was constantly asked whether Narva might be next.

“Narva is not next and never will be,” he said. “Russians here do not want to go back to the motherland.”

Some people are moving across the border to set up new homes, but they are mostly citizens of Russia buying property in Estonia either as an investment or as a way to get access to Narva’s better health care and the security offered by the European Union, of which Estonia is a member.

Aleksandr Bogens, the head of a real estate company in Narva, said that around half of all property transactions in Narva-Joesuu, a nearby resort area on the Baltic Sea, involved purchases by buyers from Russia.

Even stalwart Russian patriots in Narva concede that, despite their support for Mr. Putin and their anger at Estonian citizenship rules that they say discriminate against Russian speakers, they have no desire to move over the river to Ivangorod.

“It is not really even a town over there--just a road or two,” scoffed Vladimir Petrov, the leader of the Union of Russian Citizens, a group that lobbies on behalf of Russians living in Narva. “Of course it is better here in Narva than in Ivangorod.”

#Russia #Estonia #Narva #Ivangorod

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y-axisoverseascareers · 4 years

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Y-Axis, the world’s No.1 Immigration & Visa Consultant, brings you the latest news on immigration and visa processing. Tune-in to us for all you need to know about travel, immigration, and study/work abroad. Established in 1999.

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estoniacompany · 4 years

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starting a business in estonia

Estonia was once a struggling economy within the Eurozone economic block but not anymore.The Baltic nation has emerged as a blockchain and cryptocurrency hub thanks to friendly regulations that continue to spur innovation and investments. Estoniacom‌panyregist‌ration.com is one of the companies spearheading the blockchain revolution, allowing companies and

individuals, worldwide, set base and pursue opportunities around the revolutionary technology.

Why Invest in Estonia Cryptocurrency Blockchain Landscape?

The time is ripe to pursue Estonia cryptocurrency license. The country has built a reputation for being the most advanced nation in the adaption of decentralized technology. In recent years,the country's legislative body, department of justice, education, healthcare, and banking sectors have all been digitized under the e-Estonia project.

Estonia has also introduced e-Residency, a concept that allows non-Estonian citizens to apply for citizenship with the Estonian government. The Estonia e-residency program enables the signing and authentication of documents digitally. It also ensures access to the business registry anywhere and makes it possible to operate business remotely without the need of a local director or office.

Tech entrepreneurs looking to invest in the country’s burgeoning blockchain and cryptocurrency landscape can do so as Estoniacom‌panyregist‌ration.com promises to ease the compliance process.

The country also boasts of the most affordable and simple licensing process for setting up acryptocurrency exchange. Estonia is the place to be for any person or entity looking to becomea cryptocurrency wallet provider. Estonia Cryptocurrency Registration Company is also a trustedpartner for any person or entity looking for crypto licenses in Estonia.

New company registration and Estonia cryptocurrency license cost £20,000. Besides,entrepreneurs stand to enjoy zero tax on retained profits compared to 20% tax charged on distributed entities. The ease of compliance is assured, given that every filling is done electronically or with the help of Estonia Company Registration.

Estonia has also issued the most cryptocurrency licenses underscoring its edge when it comes to blockchain and cryptocurrency development. Similarly, the country has emerged as a preferred destination for investors eyeing opportunities in the segment thank to friendly crypto regulations.

Also, crypto licenses in Estonia do not require any deposit. A 0% corporate tax on offer affirms Estonia’s edge as the best environment for testing and building blockchain and cryptocurrency projects.

Cryptocurrency Company in Estonia | Estoniacompany...A Guide To Cryptocurrencies Company Registration In Estonia

Estonia is one of the fastest-growing countries in terms of digitization, and that is mostly thanks to its desire to become a top tech hub. It has seen the company transform into one of the most accommodative jurisdictions for cryptocurrencies. Consequently, it has become an attractive hub for crypto and blockchain companies, mainly due to its streamlined and favorable regulatory situation.

Although Estonia is an attractive country for local and foreign crypto companies looking to set up shop in the country, it is not as easy as it might seem. One wrong move might mean your company will not be approved to operate in the country. This is why platforms such as exist to facilitate cryptocurrency companies’ registration in Estonia with less friction.

What is www.estoni‌acompanyre‌gistration.com?

It is an online service that is dedicated to helping companies legally offer their cryptocurrency or blockchain companies to launch their operations. The first convenience is not having to visit some offices in the country to get the paperwork. Any individuals planning to start a company can visit the website where they can set the application process in motion by filling in the necessary details and following the prompts on the website.

Why consider going through the website for company registration services

It is arguably the fastest way you can achieve the desired results, which in this case, is likely to start providing crypto or blockchain-related services as soon as possible. Time is thus of the essence, and going t it alone might slow you down, especially if you do not know the necessary procedure. For example, a foreigner planning to launch his/her company might not know Estonia's laws for cryptocurrencies.

Registering a cryptocurrency company in Estonia might be slowed down if you decide to take time to understand the guidelines. However, Estoniacom‌panyregist‌ration.com does a great job guiding the clients through the right channels while also briefing them on the instructions, thus saving time. The digital approach is especially ideal for e-citizens.

Estonia provides e-residency to foreigners, which is a crucial step, especially if you plan to run the company digitally from outside the country. Some of the added benefits to this approach include access to a digital registry no matter where you are in the world as long as you have internet, the ability to operate your business remotely, and signing documents digitally. You are also not required to have a physical office, and so you get to save on some costs.

Estonia E Residency Company | Estoniacompany...How does e-residency impact taxation

The e-Residency Estonia economy offers one of the most competitive tax brackets within the EU region. It acts as a shield for its rapidly growing economy and gives entrepreneurs an accommodating environment channeling more benefits to the entrepreneurs.

Generally, the Estonian tax laws demand that all companies registered within the Estonian borders be referred to as Estonian tax residents. They are subject to the Estonian tax laws. This law excludes the multinational companies, which in this case, operate under other international treaties.

Tax residencies, in most cases, are determined based on the company's effective management point. Estonia e-Residency companies whose formations were done within its boundaries and whose management is from abroad countries be taxed from their respective countries.

Non-resident companies operating within the Estonia borders are subject to taxation in Estonia as they establish that;

They directly get their primary income from the trading activities within Estonia.

They have established their presence within the county by way of permanent business establishment.

Estonia's tax residency enables the entrepreneurs to enjoy lower tax rates as the country charges 20% corporate taxes.

Estoniacom‌panyregist‌ration.com, a financial consultant and tax expert in the Estonia market, offers its clients the rightful guidance regarding tax legislation and compliance. It also providesclients accounting services on all financial matters.

Limitations of e-Residency

Despite offering lucrative opportunities within the Estonian market, e-Residency usage may be limited to specific aspects such as;

E-Residency does not guarantee CITIZENSHIP. The Estonian government only offers the e-residency platform for purposes of convenience in the business. The digital identification cannot be used to acquire benefits accrued to the rights that come with Estonian citizenship.

2. E-Residency is not a valid TRAVEL DOCUMENT.

The Estonian digital ID cannot be used either as an official business passport or as an identification document to travel anywhere.

3. E-Residency is not a TAX REPRIEVE PERMIT.

All e-Resident must pay taxes based on the tax regulation they qualify to. The ID does not act as a shield against citizens remitting taxes to their domicile countries.

4. E-Residency is not a REAL RESIDENCY.

The e-residency permit does not guarantee any individual the social rights to reside in any country. It only grants the economic rights and opportunities to conduct business as an Estonian resident.

The ID allows you to trade within the European Union while having access to the Estonia government services from the governments and bank’s portals online.

#esto

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wrthimmgrtion-blog · 5 years

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High Net Worth Immigration

5 Winning Strategies To Use For Dual Citizenship

youtube

Nowadays, having more than one passport has turned into a trend because wealthy citizens right now prefer to move to international countries either for studying or just for the sake of touring. Thus, mass migration is taking place in many countries. Because of this, individuals are acquiring passports and citizenships of many countries. The national identity as well as the citizenship of the people can be changing based on the united states he lives. Right here, the concept of second citizenship or dual citizenship has emerged.

HIGH NET WORTH IMMIGRATION

What's dual citizenship?

Second or dual citizenship is the buzzing word in the present society. By acquiring citizenships of two countries, you can enjoy the services and rights that both countries offer. An individual can have the benefit of the both countries. However, the legal rights and providers of two countries may not match, but they might suit the system of dual citizenship. In the true sense, to become a second citizen means to acquire citizenships of two nations through the same phase. This gives the privilege to enjoy the legal rights of both the countries, along with other amenities that any additional citizen of the particular countries get.

How is normally dual citizenship helpful to people?

People heartily welcome this system of dual citizenship due to its benefits.

- Once a person turns into second citizen, he can eliminate any complex tax system or custom made regulations.

- Aside from this, with another passport, a person can enjoy exploring worldwide and look for border rules and legal rights of another country.

- Having a second citizen gives a person the privilege of going through a socio-economic condition of another country. Mostly, this condition is better than his residing nation.

These are a few of the simple reasons why this concept is gaining repute in the world market.

Discover More

What is the need for dual citizenship?

Everyone loves to make his living regular and financial condition better, and dual citizenship may be the simplest way to do that. With this facility, one usually get an alternative solution to shift to a new nation and reap the advantages of the facilities of that nation. However, the law of a nation differs from that of the additional plus some country might have a set of strict laws because of its citizens. Some countries frequently renew the citizenship at regular intervals. Here, by settling down in a few new nation, a person gets enough time for renewing his passport in his first country to ensure that he can enjoy the rights of that country.

Besides exceptional rights and benefits of a nation, second citizenship also allows to increase investments. In a few countries, there exists a maximum limit for making investments. In such a scenario, it will be a wise decision to travel to some other country and take the advantages of their investment guidelines. This citizenship can be helpful to avoid terrorism, political unrest and various other such unfortunate circumstances. Hence, in lots of respect another citizenship can prove beneficial for a person of a country.

additional info

Some individuals have dual citizenship by birth. For others it really is a choice. In the 1st case, any implications of the duality comes as a part of your birthright. In the second, you must decide if the results of searching for dual citizenship will provide you additional existence benefits or just create dual headaches.

If you are in the second group, you need to decide if the advantages of such a position outweigh the disadvantages. This depends on each individual case.

The first factor is certainly whether your native nation allows dual citizenship. If therefore, you go on to the next consideration, why you intend to have dual citizenship and where?. If your country either does not allow dual citizenship or highly discourages it, like in the case of the United States, you have a completely different set of factors and hurdles to jump. A country may discourage, ignore, or or actively prohibit its residents from being a citizen of another country. The degree of acceptance of a dual citizenship status will largely determine your decision.

Why you intend to have citizenship in several countries may be the next consideration. A few of the more common reasons follow.

Tax considerations: (some tax just income earned within their country -- others like the U.S. also taxes foreign attained income)

Political considerations: Being a citizen of two or more countries gives you more freedom of motion, and a ready option to remove yourself in one of the countries and proceed to the additional if the need arises.

Military considerations: This may be because you possibly desire to enlist in or prevent enlisting in the army of a particular country.

Simple travel: Having a second passport from an EU country for example facilitates movement and the ability to work in other E.U. countries. Regarding a U.S. citizen, it might facilitate travel into a country that is on the U.S. forbidden list by having and having the ability to use an additional passport.

Work Benefits: Being truly a citizen of a country includes the right to work and earn money for the reason that country. Having citizenship in more than one country expands your earnings opportunities in each.

Finally, once you decide that dual citizenship is desirable for you, you must proceed through the legal methods of your next country to acquire it. All countries have particular legal and home requirements that have to be fulfilled. Some need that you first spend period residing in their nation under a temporary visa before you can even apply for citizenship. Part of the requirement may be demonstrating you have the financial capability of supporting yourself during this period of time.

HIGH NET-WORTH IMMIGRATION mulitple citizenship

Some few have another passport program that is largely based on financial considerations. These require a certain financial expenditure to be made in the united states and small else. If your just goal is to possess a second passport that will give you freer happen to be certain countries, and also have the financial capacity to take part in the programs of these countries; you can buy dual citizenship and the second passport that complements it in short order.

One of the most common queries I receive is normally how to get yourself a second passport for those who have limited resources. A lot of people want to have one, however the costs can appear daunting.

There are several routes to another citizenship - and thus a passport. Each consists of particular variables, over which you might have different degrees of control. Your own path to a second passport depends on how your circumstances connect to those variables.

The good thing is that if you want one, another passport is almost always entirely within reach. Let's see how.

Let's start with some terminology, since this can be confusing:

Citizenship is full membership in a nationwide community, and includes a passport.

Residence is the to live without restriction in a foreign nation, but without that country's citizenship and passport (like a U.S. green card).

A visa is authorization to be in a nation for a particular time period.

Routes to Citizenship

There are three wide routes to another passport:

By sanguinity, i.e. by descent or various other affinity to the nationwide community (e.g. religion). The most common is for people born in the U.S. to parents from a foreign country, who often acquire that citizenship instantly. Some countries provide citizenship to foreigners descended from at least one grandparent (occasionally further back again) from that country. Countries that offer this route include Italy, Greece, Turkey, Bulgaria, Lebanon, Armenia, Romania, Afghanistan, the Philippines, Croatia, Estonia, Hungary, Ireland, Israel, Lithuania, Malta, Poland, Rwanda, Serbia, Slovakia, South Korea and Ukraine.

By naturalization, which often involves a particular amount of prior home in the united states and/or marriage to a citizen. Virtually all countries have got a path to obtain permanent residence, often linked to marriage, a job, starting a business or various other commitment to the country. But this means actually residing in the country for a long period - usually five years - before acquiring citizenship. Remember that marriage to a citizen will not always confer automatic residence.

citizenship by investment program

By financial citizenship, which involves an investment in the united states or payment of a fee. Some countries, especially island countries, offer this in exchange for expenditure in property, a business, or in a government advancement fund. They include St. Kitts and Nevis, Antigua and Barbuda, Dominica, Grenada, Cyprus, Malta and (hardly ever granted) Austria. The least expensive of these is certainly Dominica, which costs $100,000 plus processing fees. None of the citizenships are automatic; all involve a due diligence procedure and subjective evaluation by an immigration table.

Pros and Cons

Besides price and level of effort, there are two queries that you should ask about another citizenship.

First, do you - or would you - desire to live right now there? It isn't always required that you perform, but if it is - or if you need to leave the U.S. - could it be a place you'd like to live?

Second, how broadly can you travel visa-free of charge with that country's passport? A passport from a

EU country gives you automatic home rights within the entire EU. Passports from the majority of the Caribbean islands give you visa-free tourist usage of the EU. On the other hand, some of the passports I listed above won't get you anywhere very easily, except the country of issue.

Second Passport on a Budget

Let's say you truly want a second passport, but you're not super-wealthy.

One option can be Dominica. A husband and wife can buy citizenship for approximately $200,000, once costs are included. You may use that passport to visit freely throughout the EU... nevertheless, you can already do this with a U.S. passport. But in the event that you wanted to keep the U.S. permanently, your only choice is always to live on a beautiful but small island - and you'd have to acquire a property there.

here

Another option is Uruguay. Any visitor to Uruguay can apply for permanent residence and remain there while the software is processed, as long as you have a spot to stay and will support yourself - about $1,500 a month minimum. You may become a citizen after 3 years (two years for retirees) where you need to spend most, however, not all, of your time in Uruguay. You'd get visa-free access to the EU and also the Mercosur countries (Argentina, Brazil, Paraguay and Venezuela). And you'd have the choice to reside in one of the most beautiful, peaceful and prosperous countries in the globe - albeit one just a little taken care of.

Only You Can Decide

People often ask me to inform them the best nation for them. I cannot do that. Instead, I offer a set of recommendations and a decision tree that will help you decide for yourself based on your own conditions.

Nevertheless, if among the parameters of your decision-making is budget, I'd have to say that Uruguay beats all comers hands-down when it comes to a low-cost second passport.

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teiraymondmccoy78 · 6 years

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Top 10 Friendly Countries for Blockchain Startups

Let us take a glance at the top 10 friendly countries for blockchain startups:

1. Malta:

2. Switzerland:

It has been the host of several blockchain projects including DFINITY, Xapo and of course, Ethereum. The privacy rules and protection of data are also appreciated by the blockchain startups.

3. Japan:

Although there are various regulations regarding blockchain startups, they are friendly and easy to be acceptable and it’s not difficult to stary sich any startup in the country.

4. Singapore:

5. Belarus:

6. Estonia:

7. South Africa:

8. Denmark:

9. United States:

10. United Arab Emirates (UAE):

Source link http://bit.ly/2HjFERe

0 notes

mccartneynathxzw83 · 6 years

Text

Top 10 Friendly Countries for Blockchain Startups

Let us take a glance at the top 10 friendly countries for blockchain startups:

1. Malta:

2. Switzerland:

It has been the host of several blockchain projects including DFINITY, Xapo and of course, Ethereum. The privacy rules and protection of data are also appreciated by the blockchain startups.

3. Japan:

Although there are various regulations regarding blockchain startups, they are friendly and easy to be acceptable and it’s not difficult to stary sich any startup in the country.

4. Singapore:

5. Belarus:

6. Estonia:

7. South Africa:

8. Denmark:

9. United States:

10. United Arab Emirates (UAE):

Source link http://bit.ly/2HjFERe

0 notes

courtneyvbrooks87 · 6 years

Text

Top 10 Friendly Countries for Blockchain Startups

Let us take a glance at the top 10 friendly countries for blockchain startups:

1. Malta:

2. Switzerland:

It has been the host of several blockchain projects including DFINITY, Xapo and of course, Ethereum. The privacy rules and protection of data are also appreciated by the blockchain startups.

3. Japan:

Although there are various regulations regarding blockchain startups, they are friendly and easy to be acceptable and it’s not difficult to stary sich any startup in the country.

4. Singapore:

5. Belarus:

6. Estonia:

7. South Africa:

8. Denmark:

9. United States:

10. United Arab Emirates (UAE):

Source link http://bit.ly/2HjFERe

#IFTTT #Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin

0 notes

vanessawestwcrtr5 · 6 years

Text

Top 10 Friendly Countries for Blockchain Startups

Let us take a glance at the top 10 friendly countries for blockchain startups:

1. Malta:

2. Switzerland:

It has been the host of several blockchain projects including DFINITY, Xapo and of course, Ethereum. The privacy rules and protection of data are also appreciated by the blockchain startups.

3. Japan:

Although there are various regulations regarding blockchain startups, they are friendly and easy to be acceptable and it’s not difficult to stary sich any startup in the country.

4. Singapore:

5. Belarus:

6. Estonia:

7. South Africa:

8. Denmark:

9. United States:

10. United Arab Emirates (UAE):

Source link http://bit.ly/2HjFERe

0 notes

adrianjenkins952wblr · 6 years

Text

Top 10 Friendly Countries for Blockchain Startups

Let us take a glance at the top 10 friendly countries for blockchain startups:

1. Malta:

2. Switzerland:

It has been the host of several blockchain projects including DFINITY, Xapo and of course, Ethereum. The privacy rules and protection of data are also appreciated by the blockchain startups.

3. Japan:

Although there are various regulations regarding blockchain startups, they are friendly and easy to be acceptable and it’s not difficult to stary sich any startup in the country.

4. Singapore:

5. Belarus:

6. Estonia:

7. South Africa:

8. Denmark:

9. United States:

10. United Arab Emirates (UAE):

Source link http://bit.ly/2HjFERe

#IFTTT #Cryptocurrency and Bitcoin

0 notes

newstfionline · 6 years

Text

Digitally Enhanced: Estonia Plots the End of Bureaucracy

Associated Press, Dec. 26, 2018

TALLINN, Estonia--In the Estonian capital of Tallinn, three-day-old Oskar Lunde sleeps soundly in his hospital cot, snuggled into a lime green blanket decorated with red butterflies. Across the room, his father turns on a laptop.

“Now we will register our child,” Andrejs Lunde says with gravity as he inserts his ID card into the card reader. His wife, Olga, looks on proudly.

And just like that, Oskar is Estonia’s newest citizen. No paper. No fuss.

This Baltic nation of 1.3 million people is engaged in an ambitious project to make government administration completely digital to reduce bureaucracy, increase transparency and boost economic growth. As more countries shift their services online, Estonia’s experiment offers a glimpse of how interacting with the state might be for future generations.

Need a prescription? It’s online. Need someone at City Hall? No lines there--or even at the Department of Motor Vehicles! On the school front, parents can see whether their children’s homework was done on time.

Estonia has created one platform that supports electronic authentication and digital signatures to enable paperless communications across both the private and public sectors.

There are still a few things that you can’t do electronically in Estonia: marry, divorce or transfer property--and that’s only because the government has decided it was important to turn up in person for some big life events.

This spring, government aims to go even further. If Oskar had been born a few months later, he would have been registered automatically, with his parents receiving an email welcoming him into the nation.

Marten Kaevats, Estonia’s national digital adviser, says the goal is a government that supports its citizens while staying out of the way.

“In an ideal world, in the case of an invisible government, when a new child is born neither of the parents would ever have to apply for anything: to get maternity leave, to get child support from the municipality, to get a kindergarten place, to put the name to the child,” he said. “All of those different services would be delivered automatically.”

Siva Vaidhyanathan, director of the Center for Media and Citizenship at the University of Virginia, says other countries have a lot to learn. Estonia took time to build security and privacy into its model, in contrast with failed efforts by private companies to provide secure online voting systems in the United States, for example.

“It made sure that state accountability is part of the process,” he said.

Estonians largely seem to have embraced the system despite global concerns about data hacks.

At a demonstration showcasing the digital system, project manager Indrek Onnik stood beside a huge screen illustrating his profile. He showed off his high school grades from a decade ago and his diving license records. If he had a dog, its vaccination record would appear there, too.

Citizens can monitor their data and see if any government or private institution accesses it.

“To generate trust, you really have to have transparency,” he said. “And that’s why people have access to their own data. And that’s why they can actually see if the government has used their own data.”

The platform is underpinned by software called X-Road, a decentralized data exchange system that links databases. Outgoing data is digitally signed and encrypted, and all incoming data is authenticated and logged.

The government, fearing attempts to compromise its borders by neighboring Russia, also has a backup plan to restore digital services in the event of invasion or severe cyberattacks: data “embassies” in countries like Luxembourg. Like a regular embassy, the servers are considered Estonian territory and would give the government a chance to boot up elsewhere if needed.

Making life simpler for citizens has economic benefits in a country otherwise known for unforgiving winters and old growth forests.

The project, which began in 1997, laid the groundwork for Estonia’s booming tech sector. Skype, the video-calling service Microsoft bought for $8.5 billion in 2011, is Estonia’s most famous high-tech export, but the impact is broader. Information and communications accounted for 5.9 percent of the economy last year.

The government hopes to increase that figure with an “e-residency” program that lets entrepreneurs around the world register their businesses in Estonia and gain a foothold in the European Union. More than 51,000 people from 167 countries have applied at a cost of 100 euros ($114) each.

The advances in digitization are the result of long-term thinking.

When Estonia declared independence in 1991, the economy was so backward in this former Soviet republic it had to be rebuilt from scratch. The leadership looked for an industry where the country could compete. They decided on information technology and the internet, a field that was as new as Estonia, said former President Toomas Hendrik Ilves.

When the cash-strapped country needed to replace a 1930s phone system, Finland offered a late 1970s analog system free of charge. But Ilves argued that the government should decline the offer and invest in digital technology.

“The only way we could do really well was to go digital,” Ilves said, speaking from Stanford University, where he is a distinguished visiting fellow at the Hoover Institution. “We stood a chance of competing there.”

Ilves, who grew up in the United States and was introduced to computers in junior high, proposed getting kids started early. The government started building computer labs in schools. Banks supported the move, as it reduced the need for branches in rural villages. More than 99 percent of Estonia’s banking transactions now take place online.

Whether Estonia’s system can be used in larger countries is an open question, said Zvika Krieger, head of technology policy and partnerships at the World Economic Forum.

What works in a small, progressive country won’t necessarily work in sprawling democracies like the U.S. or India.

Estonia sees its approach as a prototype for modern democracy--a counterpoint to authoritarian countries intent on using digitization to control their citizens. Ilves, who travels around the world talking about the project, tells other countries that increased efficiency builds trust--and improves governance.

“Estonians hate their politicians just as much as everyone else,” he said. “But at least since the administration of the state works extremely well and efficiently, people trust the system.”

#Estonia #digital government in Estonia

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