#firstcapital

[gmatechnologi]

Mastering Clean Code: Best Practices For Software Developers

Attention all software developers! Are you tired of staring at messy and incomprehensible code that looks like a tangled web? Well, it’s time to break free from the chaos and unlock the secret to writing clean and elegant code. Whether you’re a budding programmer or an experienced developer looking to level up your skills, this blog post is here to guide you on your journey to mastering clean code.

Join us as we delve into the world of best practices, industry standards, and techniques that will transform your programming game forever. Get ready for a revolution in readability, maintainability, and overall coding happiness – because nothing beats the satisfaction of creating beautiful code!

What Is Clean Code?

Clean code is code that is easy to read and understand. It is well-organized and follows conventions that are widely accepted by the software development community.

Clean code is important because it makes your code more maintainable and easier to change. This means that you can spend less time fixing bugs and more time adding new features. In addition, clean code can improve the performance of your applications by making them more efficient.

There are many different ways to write clean code, but some of the most important principles include:

• Use clear and concise variable names

• Write short functions that do one thing and do it well

• Avoid duplication

• Format your code consistently

• Comment your code when necessary

adhering to these principles will help you write clean code that is easy to read and understand.

Benefits Of Writing Clean Code

There are many benefits to writing clean code. The first benefit is that it makes your code more readable and understandable. When your code is clean, it is much easier for other developers to read and understand what you have written. This can save a lot of time and frustration when working on collaborative projects.

Another benefit of clean code is that it is more maintainable. Code that is messy and difficult to understand is also difficult to maintain. This can lead to a lot of wasted time trying to figure out what changes need to be made, and how to make them without breaking the code. Clean code is easier to modify and update, which can save a lot of time in the long run.

Clean code just looks better. It reflects well on you as a developer when your code is easy on the eyes and well organized. This can give you a professional edge over other developers who do not write clean code.

Commenting And Documentation

Any computer program, no matter how small, is composed of code. And whether you’re a novice or a seasoned veteran, writing clean code is always a challenge.

But what is clean code? In general, it’s code that is easy to read and understand. It follows conventional syntax and formatting rules. And it’s well-commented and documented.

Here are some tips for writing clean code:

Use descriptive variable and function names.

Write short, concise functions. Avoid deep nesting of code blocks.

Add comments to explain your code. But don’t add too many comments – let the code speak for itself.

Use consistent indentation and white space. This makes your code more readable.

Follow standard conventions for coding in your language of choice. This makes it easier for others to read and understand your code.

Naming Conventions

Naming conventions are an important part of clean code. They help to make code more readable and maintainable.

There are many different naming conventions in use today. The most important thing is to be consistent in the use of a single convention. This will make it easier for others to read and understand your code.

Some common naming conventions include:

Camel case: This is the most common convention in use today. variable names are written in lower case, with each word except the firstcapitalized. For example: myVariableName

Pascal case: Similar to camel case, but all words are capitalize. For example: MyVariableName

Hungarian notation: A system for prefixing variable names with information about their data type. For example, strFirstName for a string variable named FirstName.

There is no one “right” way to name variables. However, using consistent and descriptive names will make your code easier to read and maintain.

Formatting And Indentation

In order to format your code correctly, you will need to use proper indentation. Indentation helps to improve the readability of your code and can make it easier for others to understand. There are a few different ways that you can indent your code, but the most common way is to use four spaces for each level of indentation.

When you are indenting your code, you should also be sure to put blank lines between sections of code so that they are easier to read. You can also use comments to help explain what certain sections of code do.

Formatting your code correctly is important not only for readability but also for maintainability. Properly formatted and indented code is much easier to change and modify than code that is not formatted correctly. Be sure to take the time to format your code correctly from the start and it will save you time in the long run.

Testing And Refactoring

When you’ve written some code, it’s important to test it to make sure it works as intended. This is especially true for critical code that needs to be reliable. You can use unit tests to test individual pieces of code, and integration tests to test how different components work together.

Once you’ve tested your code and verified that it works, you may want to refactor it. Refactoring is the process of improving the structure of your code without changing its functionality. This can make your code easier to understand and maintain.

There are many different approaches to testing and refactoring code. The best approach for you will depend on the kind of project you’re working on and your own personal preferences. However, there are some general best practices that all developers should follow:

Write tests before you write code. This way, you’ll know exactly what your code needs to do, and you can design it accordingly from the start.

Make sure your tests cover all the functionality of your code. A good rule of thumb is to have at least one test for each method or function in your code.

Write clear and concise tests that are easy to understand. Your tests should be readable by other developers, so they can easily see what they need to do in order to reproduce them.

General Programming Tips

1. Keep your code clean

The first and most important tip for writing clean code is to keep your code clean. This means consistently taking the time to tidy up your code so that it is easy to read and understand. Not only will this make your code more maintainable, but it will also make it easier for others to work with.

2. Follow established conventions

When it comes to coding conventions, there is no one right way to do things. However, following established conventions makes it easier for others to read and understand your code. It also makes your code more consistent, which can be helpful when multiple people are working on the same project.

3. Write self-documenting code

Self-documenting code is easy to read and understand without extensive comments or documentation. This doesn’t mean that you should never comment your code, but rather that you should strive to make your code understandable without them. Good variable and function names, as well as clear and concise comments, can go a long way towards making your code self-documenting.

4. Avoid magic numbers and strings

Magic numbers and strings are values that are used in multiple places throughout the code without being given a clear meaning or context. These can be difficult for others to understand and can lead to errors if they are not used correctly. Where possible, it is best to avoid using magic numbers and strings by declaring them as constants with clear names instead.

Conclusion

Learning how to write clean code is essential for any software developer who wants to produce quality applications and websites. Whether you are new to coding or have been doing it for a while, mastering best practices will help you write more efficient and maintainable code. With the right set of techniques and tools for developing clean code, developers have all they need to ensure that their projects can be completed effectively and with fewer errors.

By understanding these principles, both novice coders as well as experienced professionals can benefit from greater efficiency, faster development times, and simpler debugging of their programs—ultimately leading to better results in the long run.

[yourthomasjefferson]

“I arrived at New York on the 21st of March (1790), where Congress was in session”, thus beginning my work as 1st US Secretary of State. . . . #yourthomasjefferson #thomasjefferson #history #patriotism #usa #patriotism #patriot #foundingfather #secretaryofstate #departmentofstate #NYC #NewYorkCity #bigapple #firstcapital #historicalmarker #historicalmarkers #newyorkcityhistory https://www.instagram.com/yourthomasjefferson/p/BvSfLbfDyUa/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1gpjfmwax23cx

[ceogeorgeesteschecaugo]

#Part3Location #FirstCapital #East94 Total of 33 miles this morning of 🚲 🚵🏿#BikeRidingTime #KayakingTime 🚣🏿 #Exercise #Discipline #Obedience #Grateful #Blessed #HealthIsWealth #Meditation #Oasis @KingChecaugo ✊🏿💯👑 #ThankYouGod 🙏🏿🙌🏿 (at Lindenwood University) https://www.instagram.com/p/CB3HDARhSiY/?igshid=b2n9nlf9zjg6

[maudastudio]

THE FIRST BRASILIAN CAPITAL PELOURINHO • SALVADOR • BAHIA 2 of 2 Salvador was the Brazilian capital for 214 years, between 1549 and 1763. Its choice was determined by the strategic position that the Bay of All Saints represented for Portuguese navigators, since most of the extracted Brazilwood was drained there. In 1549, the Portuguese government instituted the system of general governments in Brazil, sending Tomé de Souza to occupy the post of first governor general. It was he who founded the capital, on a hill where a village had once been, and determined that the city follow a previous path. Salvador became a port of support for navigations to the East and also a sugar exporting port, since sugarcane was cultivated in Recôncavo Baiano and in the Zona da Mata do Nordeste. The exploitation of gold and precious stones from the eighteenth century, and the need for flow and supervision of extraction, led to the transfer of the capital to Rio de Janeiro in 1763. #pelourinho #salvador #bahia #brasil #firstcapital #primeiracapitaldobrasil #1549 #tomédesouza #paubrasil #bahiadetodosossantos #reconcavobahiano #zonadamatanorte #1763 #history #heritage #culture (at Centro Historico Pelourinho - Salvador - Ba) https://www.instagram.com/p/B5oeVnjH0qJ/?igshid=1droqgso4lsvc

[djjoeltjamkam]

#LastNiteClip #Toastedmondayz #JamkamAtWork 🥁🥁 #GStarr #ManATrap 🎧🎧🎧 #SENDSONGAHROAD 🛰🛰 #Repost @iamgstarr (@get_repost) ・・・ When my team go road we go bar we no go road go look pan ppl big up @djjoeltjamkam #mantrap #trap #traphouse #trapmusic @dan_loudcity @mg_loudcity @loudcitymusic @eva_trendy @iamversitile #firstcapital #firstcapitallifestyle #gstarr (at Club Dubai)

[loudpackteam]

When they thought you couldn’t get back 💰💰💰 What a #TrapHouse cant do for you 💰🚀🚘✈️🛳✅ . . . . . . . . . . #Trapmoney #trapmoney #TrapMoneyAlv #talentovnzlano #HIP #hiphop #hiphopdance #hiphopmusic #musicaurbana #rap #regue #trap #trapmusic #noticias #noticiasmusic #traplife #flossing #gstarr #firstcapital #firstcapitallifestyle #TGML #TST2 #TRAPMONEY #music #style #flow #trapper #flowtrap #freestyle (at Trap$) https://www.instagram.com/p/BrL9Qa5ht8d/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=jorbhzojfi2f

[juliovillanueva]

Fiscal Hamilton Castro interrogará en Chile a Gerardo Sepúlveda El ejecutivo chileno administró #Westfield, empresa de #PedroPabloKuczynski, cuando el actual mandatario integraba el gabinete ministerial de #AlejandroToledo El fiscal #HamiltonCastro se encuentra en #Chile para interrogar mañana al empresario Gerardo Sepúlveda sobre los v��nculos que tendría el presidente Pedro Pablo Kuczynski con compañías que asesoraron a #Odebrecht, incluso cuando este último era ministro de Estado, durante el gobierno de Alejandro Toledo (2001-2006). Hasta hace unas semanas, Castro tenía planeado tomar las declaraciones del ejecutivo chileno a través de videoconferencia; sin embargo, tras coordinaciones con sus pares de ese país, según informaron fuentes fiscales, este logró que Sepúlveda acceda a responder sus interrogantes cara a cara El socio de Kuczynski tendrá que aclarar las consultorías que realizó #WestfieldCapital, firma unipersonal de #PPK, a Odebrecht. De acuerdo a lo informado por la constructora a la comisión #LavaJato del #Congreso, contrató los servicios de la compañía de PPK, entre 2004 y 2007, en siete ocasiones para que la asesore en los proyectos públicos de Olmos y la Interoceánica Sur. La suma de los servicios ascendieron a US$782 mil. Pero además, Sepúlveda debe hablar sobre las relaciones que tuvo Kuczynski con #FirstCapital, consultora que contrató con Odebrecht entre 2010 y 2013 y que facturó por ello más de US$4 millones. En ese periodo de tiempo, como lo confirmó él mismo, el jefe de Estado, trabajando para First Capital, asesoró a #H2Olmos, firma constituida por la constructora brasileña. El jefe de Estado ya ha declarado ante el fiscal Castro sobre estas consultorías. Lo hizo el pasado 28 de diciembre en Palacio de Gobierno. En concreto, Castro busca esclarecer si, cuando se realiazaron estos negocios, el entonces ministro participó de las coordinaciones o si estaba al tanto que su compañía contrató con la constructora #PerúNoticias #Corrupción (at Lima, Peru)

[signaramacbd]

Need a customized table cloth for your shareholders meet? Look for #signaramacbdsingapore to customize it for you with ease. What ever the size be. #askthesignlady #customtablecloths #customtablecloth #tablethrows #firstcapital #goodsignssingapore #signporn (at Signarama CBD Singapore)

[tarekshussein]

#cityhall is ready for #canada150 #celebration #firstcapital #kingston #ontario #ygk (at Kingston City Hall)

[m-n-a-critique]

China pushes First Capital merger in drive to take on Wall Street - sources

China pushes #FirstCapital merger in drive to take on #WallStreet - sources

China plans to merge domestic broker First Capital Securities with smaller rival Capital Securities, three sources said, underscoring Beijing’s determination to consolidate the brokerage industry to take on the giants of Wall Street.

China wants to level the playing field as it opens up its financial markets to foreign players including Goldman Sachs and Morgan Stanley, said two of the sources…

[newtechexpress]

Private equity takes a breather from investing in banks

Private equity takes a breather from investing in banks

[ad_1]

FirstCapital Bancshares of Texas has aspirations of going public in the next couple of years and it’s counting on the resources and expertise of private-equity backer Castle Creek Capital to help it realize that goal.

Castle Creek, which owns stakes in roughly two-dozen banks, injected an undisclosed amount of capital into Midland, Texas-based FirstCapital earlier this year to help fund…

[terabitweb]

Original Post from Security Affairs Author: Pierluigi Paganini

Security expert Marco Ramilli analyzed similarities and differences between the MuddyWater and APT34 cyberespionage groups.

Many state sponsored groups have been identified over time, many of them have different names (since discovered by different organizations) and there is no an agreed standardization on the topic but many victims and some interests look very tight together. From here the idea to compare the leaked source code of two different state sponsored cyber-espionage groups, looking for similarities and for differences in coding style rather than on functionalities.

While I analyzed several APT34 samples ( some of my public analyses are available here,here and here) it’s the first time I take a closer look to MuddyWater artifacts. Currently available here the MuddyWater leaked tools are written in Python and implement neat functionalities for automate infection chains.

The MuddyWater attacks are primarily against Middle Eastern nations. However, we have also observed attacks against surrounding nations and beyond, including targets in India and the USA. MuddyWater attacks are characterized by the use of a slowly evolving PowerShell-based first stage backdoor we call “POWERSTATS”. Despite broad scrutiny and reports on MuddyWater attacks, the activity continues with only incremental changes to the tools and techniques.

MISP-TI

Today I’d like to look for strong and weak similarities between ATP34 and MuddyWater, I wont reach any conclusions so far, so I am not getting into the topic “they are the same group” or “they actually live in the same building” or again “they did not belong to the same matrix” or whatever topic related to such, but I think there are some similarities (mostly weak) and quite evident differences (again weak differences) in the way they code in Python. I am aware that the following practices are not overwhelming evidences, but you might agree with me that developers spend years in defining the best and the most beautiful way to implement their code. It would be difficult to code with “someone else style” by changing their coding habitat.

The sources I am going to compare are the sources belonging to the “last leaked” MuddyC3 and to the “previously leaked” WebMask. Everything is freely available online for further checks. The following sections introduce some notes on the observed coding styles and try to motivate them.

Print behavior

The sources show differences in the printing function. MuddyWater implements a more “fancy” printing function by adding the symbol “[+]” when things go in the right direction and by adding the symbol “[-]” when flows hit errors or some unwanted conditions. Moreover MuddyWater uses color in outputs by implementing a core function called colors.py. These amenities are not available in the APT34 sources.

Color.py by MuddyWater

Both of the groups uses single quote for printing string and use the + operator as concatenation string in print functions rather than %s operator. MuddyWater in complex substitution strings uses n at the beginning of the string and at the very end, while in the APT34 sources is not a common practice. ie. print "nmshta http://%s:%s/htan"%(config.IP,config.PORT)(is MuddyWater Style). APT34 looks like using the print as a debugger, there are many commented print statements such as: #print 'something'while in MuddyWater it is not a common practice at all (only one occurrence). I would say that the print behavior differ from one to another.

Payload delivery as multi-line string

Both of the analysed groups use the multi-line string for delivery the relative payloads. However the writing style is quite different. For example APT34 uses the “real” multi-line, while MuddyWater abuses the multi-line exploiting its auto-escape indirect proprieties. The following images show what I mean while saying “exploiting the auto-escape” function.

MuddyWater String Multi-Line

APT34 String Multi-Line

MuddyWater delivers its payload in a inline multi-string, avoiding to escape special characters, while APT34 prefers to use the same technique but expanding the payload in order to promote the readability. However both groups frequently use the operator =+ for concatenation and both of them use the ' '.join( to build up objects from empty strings. Interesting to spot a different style inside the MuddyWater package. Indeed in core/webserver.py the developer uses ' '.join( while in core/resa.py the developer used both: ' '.join( and " ".join( (NB the double quote). This is quite wired to me, maybe was more then one developers involved in the developing ?

Code functions and loops

Both groups use a quite clear and identical function nomenclature. While the developer might decide to use many different nomenclatures such as: “CamelMultipleNames”, “Firstcapital”, “lowercase”, “with_underscore”, and so on and so forth, both APT34 and MuddyWater have chosen to go with the “lowercase_with_underscore” mode. If you are thinking to: “Hey, but this is a Python best practice !”, well it is true but it is also true that is not a mandatory choice, moreover the analysed source codes do not implement PEP8/4 at all, so I don’t think developers followed the suggested style guidelines. Again both of groups use a lot the operator for i in range rather than using lists or while loop. Both adopted a nice code protection, in order to avoid unexpected exceptions or un-managed user input which might rise wired behaviours. MuddyWater is well-known for the way they obfuscate powershell payloads. They like to replace function values in order to substitute “obfuscated characters” (ref. replace function dissected by Fireeye) while APT34 used different techniques (such as: Integer encoding, hexadecimal encoding and so forth) however, it’s not hard to find a wide usage of such technique even in the APT34 leaked source code. Actually not in the analyzed python code but rather in the javascript and powershell payload as well belonging to the same package. There we find wide usage of replace functions. The following image shows a crafted internal function called replaceAll (in a javascript code in the APT34 boundle) built to replace strings (or chars) used as a deobfuscation technique.

APT34 Replace function

Summing UP

The following table sums up the similarities and the differences that I found. You might find a - character for every difference and a + character for each similarity. 

The following table sums up the similarities and the differences that I found. You might find a - character for every difference and a + character for each similarity. Again, I am not expressing any personal opinion about the group membership, and I am aware that some of these similarities could be associate to a good code practice but I believe it is still interesting to know that those two groups have their own style similarities.

Parameter MuddyWater APT34 Similarity printing style [+],[-] No – printing style n usage Initial and very end No – printing color Yes No – string concatenation =+,+, few time % =+,+, few time % + comment usage nope significant Yes – Multi-line delivery multi-line “inline” real “multi-line – Join statement wide usage of ' '.join( wide usage of ' '.join( + loops for i in range for i in range + function names “underscoring” “underscoring” + replace statement .replace .replace (not in python code) +

If we consider the first three differences as a single difference since focused on “printing” we might observe 3 differences and 5 similarities.

The original post and other interesting analysis are published on the Marco Ramilli’s blog:

https://marcoramilli.com/2019/06/27/similarities-and-differences-between-muddywater-and-apt34/

About the author: Marco Ramilli, Founder of Yoroi

I am a computer security scientist with an intensive hacking background. I do have a MD in computer engineering and a PhD on computer security from University of Bologna. During my PhD program I worked for US Government (@ National Institute of Standards and Technology, Security Division) where I did intensive researches in Malware evasion techniques and penetration testing of electronic voting systems.

I do have experience on security testing since I have been performing penetration testing on several US electronic voting systems. I’ve also been encharged of testing uVote voting system from the Italian Minister of homeland security. I met Palantir Technologies where I was introduced to the Intelligence Ecosystem. I decided to amplify my cybersecurity experiences by diving into SCADA security issues with some of the biggest industrial aglomerates in Italy. I finally decided to found Yoroi: an innovative Managed Cyber Security Service Provider developing some of the most amazing cybersecurity defence center I’ve ever experienced! Now I technically lead Yoroi defending our customers strongly believing in: Defence Belongs To Humans

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Pierluigi Paganini

(SecurityAffairs – APT34, MuddyWater)

The post Similarities and differences between MuddyWater and APT34 appeared first on Security Affairs.

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Go to Source Author: Pierluigi Paganini Similarities and differences between MuddyWater and APT34 Original Post from Security Affairs Author: Pierluigi Paganini Security expert Marco Ramilli analyzed similarities and differences between the MuddyWater and APT34 cyberespionage groups.

[pressurewashersconnect]

Chamber Minute Radio Recap 9-11-18

Chamber Minute Radio Recap 9-11-18

Here’s our Chamber Minute for September 10th through 16th. We’ve got a HUGE event on Thursday this week and 7 new members to welcome. We aren’t cutting any ribbons this week, so lets just start with our new members. First, we have

• You’ve Got Maids- this is Amarillo’s choice for residential cleaning services! They give free home estimates and also partner with cleaning for a reason…they’ll focus on cleaning, so you can focus on life!

• Air Compressor Solutions- they provide reliable compressed air, energy solutions, equipment rental, and engine service for commercial clients.

• Protech 806 Heating and Air- Family owned and operated with over 20 years’ experience, they pride themselves on delivering prompt and thorough commercial & residential H-VAC services.

• Co-part- Co-part is a global leader in online vehicle auctions, and a premier destination for the resale and remarketing of vehicles.

• Jeff Durbin Automotive – whether you need major or minor fixes, Jeff Durbin Automotive has more than 32 years’ experience specializing in diesel engine repair, auto repair, brakes and maintenance.

• Jet Volleyball Club – they start with young athletes and teach fundamentals of volleyball while allowing girls to develop into an experienced team. Jets focus is Excellence, Execution & enthusiasm.

And finally we’ve got

• Panhandle Power & Performance also known as P3, they have everything for sale or service of your off-road ATVs & powersport vehicles including new KYMCO, Hammerhead go-karts, & custom parts & accessories.

Downtown is going to be filled with the sweet smell of smoked meats this week as we get ready for our 23rd annual good times celebration barbecue cook-off on Thursday, September 13th from 5-8pm. One hundred cooking teams and sponsors will be serving up ribs, brisket and other meats and all the fixings. You’ll get unlimited food and drinks downtown on the chamber grounds at 10th & polk, 12th & Polk, and 11th & Tyler and everywhere in between. Get tickets now at any panhandle ticket outlet including the civic center box office, by phone at 378-3096 or at any area united, amigos or market street customer service desk for only $30 each, because they will cost you $40 at the gate. Special thanks to Arctic Ice, Coors of Amarillo and Tyson Foods and about 100 other businesses for sponsoring and supporting this huge fundraising event for the Chamber. Join us downtown on Thursday.

Mark your calendar for another FREE Chamber After Hours networking event happening next week on Thursday, September 20th from 5-7pm at FirstCapital Bank of Texas at 3900 Soncy.

And don’t miss history being unveiled on Saturday, September 29th from 10am – 2pm as we celebrate the opening of the 50-year time column at the Helium Monument at the Discovery Center.

Wrap Up So if you are interested in becoming a member or finding out more about any of the Chamber’s upcoming events or projects, give us a call at 373-7800 or visit Amarillo-Chamber.org. Be sure to watch our social media for a recap video of this broadcast. Just search @AmarilloChamber on Facebook, twitter, Instagram, YouTube and Flickr.

[maudastudio]

THE FIRST BRASILIAN CAPITAL PELOURINHO • SALVADOR • BAHIA 1 of 2 Salvador was the Brazilian capital for 214 years, between 1549 and 1763. Its choice was determined by the strategic position that the Bay of All Saints represented for Portuguese navigators, since most of the extracted Brazilwood was drained there. In 1549, the Portuguese government instituted the system of general governments in Brazil, sending Tomé de Souza to occupy the post of first governor general. It was he who founded the capital, on a hill where a village had once been, and determined that the city follow a previous path. Salvador became a port of support for navigations to the East and also a sugar exporting port, since sugarcane was cultivated in Recôncavo Baiano and in the Zona da Mata do Nordeste. The exploitation of gold and precious stones from the eighteenth century, and the need for flow and supervision of extraction, led to the transfer of the capital to Rio de Janeiro in 1763. #pelourinho #salvador #bahia #brasil #firstcapital #primeiracapitaldobrasil #1549 #tomédesouza #paubrasil #bahiadetodosossantos #reconcavobahiano #zonadamatanorte #1763 #history #heritage #culture (at Salvador, Bahia, Brazil) https://www.instagram.com/p/B5odkwKHFkt/?igshid=c7owlwe6cik6

[djjoeltjamkam]

MY FRIEND THEM LIFESTYLE DIFFERENT LOL 😂😂😂😂🍾 #ManATrap #NewYorkSwing #firstcapital @iamgstarr @spinalphillips @terryfiremusic @nefatarimusic @zekedon1 (at Queens, New York)

[alwaysmoretophilly]

Always more to history. Accidental word play? #philly #visitphilly #history #firstcapital https://ift.tt/2GTqLQZ