#reloading supplies australia

[hillsheat]

Exploring Wholesale Red Gum Firewood: Benefits and Suppliers

Firewood is an essential resource for many households, particularly in regions where winter temperatures plummet. Among the various types of firewood available, red gum firewood stands out for its exceptional burning qualities and unique characteristics. In this article, we will explore the benefits of wholesale red gum firewood supplies and provide insights into finding reliable suppliers.

Understanding Red Gum Firewood

Red gum, sourced from the Eucalyptus tree species, is a popular choice for firewood due to its dense structure and high calorific value. This hardwood is known for its ability to burn hot and long, making it ideal for heating homes, cooking, and creating a cozy atmosphere in fireplaces. Red gum firewood is commonly found in Australia, where it has been used for centuries as a primary fuel source.

Characteristics of Red Gum Firewood

Density and Heat Output: Red gum is one of the densest firewood options available, resulting in a higher heat output compared to softer woods. This density means that red gum can produce more heat per kilogram when burned, making it an efficient choice for those looking to maximize their heating efficiency.

Long Burn Time: Due to its density, red gum firewood has a longer burn time than many other types of firewood. This characteristic is particularly beneficial for individuals using wood stoves or fireplaces, as it requires less frequent reloading, allowing for more extended periods of warmth.

Low Smoke and Ash Production: When burned properly, red gum firewood produces minimal smoke and ash, contributing to a cleaner burning experience. This feature is especially important for maintaining good air quality and reducing the need for excessive cleaning in stoves and fireplaces.

Pleasant Aroma: Red gum firewood emits a pleasant, distinctive aroma when burned, adding to the ambiance of any setting. This characteristic makes it a popular choice not only for heating but also for outdoor cooking and campfires.

Benefits of Wholesale Red Gum Firewood

Cost-Effectiveness

Purchasing red gum firewood in bulk can lead to significant cost savings. Wholesale suppliers typically offer lower prices per unit compared to retail options. For households that rely heavily on firewood for heating and cooking, buying in bulk can be an economical choice, especially during colder months when demand increases.

Consistency in Quality

Wholesale suppliers often have established relationships with local harvesters and manufacturers, ensuring a consistent quality of firewood. This reliability is crucial for consumers who want to avoid the frustration of receiving subpar wood that does not burn effectively.

Convenience of Bulk Supply

Opting for wholesale red gum firewood means that consumers can receive larger quantities delivered directly to their homes. This convenience eliminates the need for frequent trips to purchase smaller amounts, saving time and effort, especially during busy seasons.

Environmentally Friendly Choice

Choosing red gum firewood from reputable suppliers often means supporting sustainable practices. Many wholesale suppliers source their firewood from managed forests, ensuring that the harvesting process does not deplete natural resources. By selecting sustainable options, consumers can enjoy their firewood while contributing to environmental conservation.

Versatile Usage

Red gum firewood is suitable for various applications, including indoor heating, outdoor cooking, and recreational fires. Its versatility makes it a preferred choice for many households, catering to different needs and preferences.

Finding Reliable Wholesale Red Gum Firewood Suppliers

When searching for wholesale red gum firewood suppliers, it is essential to consider several factors to ensure that you find a reliable source.

Research and Reviews

Start by conducting thorough research on potential suppliers. Online reviews and testimonials can provide valuable insights into the experiences of other customers. Look for suppliers with a strong reputation for quality products and good customer service.

Ask for Recommendations

Consider reaching out to friends, family, or local community groups for recommendations on wholesale firewood suppliers. Personal referrals can lead you to trustworthy sources that have a proven track record of delivering quality firewood.

Check for Certifications

When selecting a supplier, check if they have any certifications or affiliations with reputable industry organizations. Certifications can indicate that the supplier adheres to specific standards of quality and sustainability, providing peace of mind to consumers.

Evaluate Delivery Options

Inquire about the delivery options offered by potential suppliers. Reliable delivery services are crucial for ensuring that your firewood arrives on time and in good condition. Ask about the delivery fees, schedule, and any additional services, such as stacking the wood upon arrival.

Inspect the Firewood

If possible, visit the supplier's location to inspect the firewood before purchasing. Look for well-seasoned, dry wood, as wet or green firewood can lead to poor burning performance and increased smoke production. Checking for the wood's appearance, weight, and moisture content can help ensure you receive a quality product.

Conclusion

Wholesale red gum firewood is an excellent option for those seeking a reliable and efficient fuel source for heating and cooking. Its density, long burn time, low smoke production, and pleasant aroma make it a preferred choice for many households. By purchasing in bulk, consumers can enjoy cost savings, convenience, and consistent quality.

Finding a trustworthy supplier is essential to ensure you receive high-quality red gum firewood. By researching suppliers, seeking recommendations, and checking for certifications, you can make informed decisions that contribute to a sustainable and enjoyable firewood experience. Embrace the warmth and ambiance that red gum firewood brings to your home while supporting responsible sourcing practices.

[themarketinsights]

Payroll card Market is set for a Potential Growth Worldwide: Excellent Technology Trends with Business Analysis

Latest released the research study on Global Payroll card Market, offers a detailed overview of the factors influencing the global business scope. Payroll card Market research report shows the latest market insights, current situation analysis with upcoming trends and breakdown of the products and services. The report provides key statistics on the market status, size, share, growth factors of the Payroll card The study covers emerging player’s data, including: competitive landscape, sales, revenue and global market share of top manufacturers are Skylight Financial (United States), Wisely® by ADP (United States), FlexWage Solutions (United States), Fintwist by Comdata (United States), Brink's Money Solutions (United States), rapid! PayCard (United States), The Bancorp Bank (United States), WEX, Inc (United States)

Free Sample Report + All Related Graphs & Charts @: https://www.advancemarketanalytics.com/sample-report/190355-global-payroll-card-market?utm_source=Organic&utm_medium=Vinay

Payroll card Market Definition:

Payroll card is a prepaid card on which an employer loads an employee’s wages or salary each payday. It is an alternative to direct deposit or paper checks. It helps employers save money by not having to issue printed checks and also allow them to offer cards to employees who do not have bank accounts.

Market Trend:

Surging Number of Internet Users

Market Drivers:

Increasing Consumer Preference for Cashless Payments

Growing Awareness Regarding to the Various Benefits of Payroll Cards

Market Opportunities:

Rising Adoption of General-Purpose Reloadable Cards

The Global Payroll card Market segments and Market Data Break Down are illuminated below:

by Type (Branded Payroll Cards, Personalized Cards, Instant Issue Cards, Portable Cards), Organization Size (SMEs, Large), Features (Payroll Software Tracking, Funds Access, Liability Protection and Security, Others), Verticals (Government, Corporate, Others)

Region Included are: North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, Oceania, South America, Middle East & Africa

Country Level Break-Up: United States, Canada, Mexico, Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, South Africa, Nigeria, Tunisia, Morocco, Germany, United Kingdom (UK), the Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Belgium, Austria, Turkey, Russia, France, Poland, Israel, United Arab Emirates, Qatar, Saudi Arabia, China, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, India, Australia and New Zealand etc.

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Strategic Points Covered in Table of Content of Global Payroll card Market:

Chapter 1: Introduction, market driving force product Objective of Study and Research Scope the Payroll card market

Chapter 2: Exclusive Summary – the basic information of the Payroll card Market.

Chapter 3: Displayingthe Market Dynamics- Drivers, Trends and Challenges of the Payroll card

Chapter 4: Presenting the Payroll card Market Factor Analysis Porters Five Forces, Supply/Value Chain, PESTEL analysis, Market Entropy, Patent/Trademark Analysis.

Chapter 5: Displaying market size by Type, End User and Region 2015-2020

Chapter 6: Evaluating the leading manufacturers of the Payroll card market which consists of its Competitive Landscape, Peer Group Analysis, BCG Matrix & Company Profile

Chapter 7: To evaluate the market by segments, by countries and by manufacturers with revenue share and sales by key countries (2021-2026).

Chapter 8 & 9: Displaying the Appendix, Methodology and Data Source

Finally, Payroll card Market is a valuable source of guidance for individuals and companies in decision framework.

Data Sources & Methodology The primary sources involves the industry experts from the Global Payroll card Market including the management organizations, processing organizations, analytics service providers of the industry’s value chain. All primary sources were interviewed to gather and authenticate qualitative & quantitative information and determine the future prospects.

In the extensive primary research process undertaken for this study, the primary sources – Postal Surveys, telephone, Online & Face-to-Face Survey were considered to obtain and verify both qualitative and quantitative aspects of this research study. When it comes to secondary sources Company's Annual reports, press Releases, Websites, Investor Presentation, Conference Call transcripts, Webinar, Journals, Regulators, National Customs and Industry Associations were given primary weight-age.

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What benefits does AMA research study is going to provide?

Latest industry influencing trends and development scenario

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To Seize powerful market opportunities

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Assisting in allocating marketing investments

Definitively, this report will give you an unmistakable perspective on every single reality of the market without a need to allude to some other research report or an information source. Our report will give all of you the realities about the past, present, and eventual fate of the concerned Market.

Thanks for reading this article; you can also get individual chapter wise section or region wise report version like North America, Europe or Southeast Asia.

Contact Us:

Craig Francis (PR & Marketing Manager) AMA Research & Media LLP Unit No. 429, Parsonage Road Edison, NJ New Jersey USA – 08837

[safarifirearms-blog]

New Year Offer Safari Firearms Swarovski Optik Australia

In today’s tech driven world it is a great thing to stay outdoors and let the fresh air and the nature work its magic on your body and mind. Going for hiking, getting to know your topography, flora and fauna lets you connect to the land and in some ways you become more grounded. If one looks back in time then you see that physical work, hunting and eating things which are natural used to keep our ancestors fit both physically and psychologically and in today’s modern world most of the wellness therapists, dieticians and counsellors are advocating the same things. If you are in Australia then you can consider yourself to be blessed as there is abundance of greenery, you can get plenty of local produce and on top of it hunting is legal and you can get fresh protein for your table all throughout the year.

In Australia hunting is part of the life for the residents and there are a lot of people who come from outside for recreational hunting. Though the laws regarding the type of animals and bag size are different from state to state as far as game animals are concerned the rules pertaining to feral and invasive pests are quite simple. Anyone having a valid license and having the landowner’s permission can hunt these animals and in fact the Government encourages the hunting as they incur huge loss to the national economy. These species include animals like rabbits, hare, fox, deer, donkeys, horse, camel and water buffalos and were introduced by the European settlers way back in time. Since then they have been growing steadily in number and now pose a serious threat to the native animals, agriculture and live stocks. So if you are into hunting then target these feral and invasive pests which are harmful for the ecology and at the same time you will have excellent free range protein from some of them.

Hunting requires a lot of preparation and instead of going to a lot of shops physically or browsing through a lot of sites; you can visit Safari Firearms Australia for all your hunting requirements. In this one place you can buy the best of firearms, gun parts, optics, apparel, reloading supplies and a variety of other hunting and shooting gears. The company has gathered immense popularity with the hunters, shooters and nature lovers as their products are all from well known companies, one can easily compare rates and features, return policy is easy and with support from their experts and an excellent customer care it is the perfect place to buy all your supplies from the comforts of your home and get them delivered without any hassle.

Though it is but natural to look for the best quality rifles, handguns and shotguns in Safari firearms as the options are too many, don’t neglect to look for Reloading Supplies Australia as they will be extremely important to you in the long run. Ammo boxes, bullet castings, pullers, callipers and micrometres, priming tools, reloading dies and manuals, reloading press accessories and reloading presses are some of the most important items you can keep with you as making your ammo can be loads of fun and in the long run save you a lot of money.

RCBS SUMMIT PRESS-SKU: R9290

RCBS has been manufacturing high quality reloading equipment for over 50 years and the Summit Single Stage Reloading press is no exception. This press will work with standard 7/8-14 threaded dies,1” die bodies with( adaptors, sold separately) and has enough leverage to handle any difficult sizing task.

The innovative design mounts the entire press to the top of the bench and actually lowers the die down to the case. The steel linkage and cast iron frame help to ensure that the press is stable and rugged to hold up to years of serious reloading.

The solid construction and design allows reloader’s ability to achieve great precision and accuracy which is paramount to accurate handloading.

The press will easily work for both right and left handed reloaders with the ambidextrous design, while the 4.5” opening gives ample room for sizing the largest cases reloaders need to size. The press has a massive 2” diameter ram with a Zerk fitting for easy lubrication. The spent primer catcher is in a very convenient location under shellholder and the press is manufactured in the USA.

For more details Shotguns For Sale visit www.safarifirearms.com.au

[greatworldwar2]

• Bren Light Machine Gun

The Bren gun is a series of light machine guns (LMG) made by Britain in the 1930s and used in various roles until 1992. While best known for its role as the British and Commonwealth forces' primary infantry LMG in World War II.

At the close of the First World War in 1918, the British Army was equipped with two main automatic weapons; the Vickers medium machine gun (MMG) and the Lewis light machine gun (LMG). The Vickers was heavy and required a supply of water to keep it in operation, which tended to relegate it to static defence and indirect fire support. The Lewis, although lighter, was still heavy and was prone to frequent stoppages; its barrel could not be changed in the field, which meant that sustained firing resulted in overheating until it stopped altogether. In 1922, to find a replacement for the Lewis, the Small Arms Committee of the British Army ran competitive trials between the Madsen, the Browning Automatic Rifle (BAR), the Hotchkiss, the Beardmore Farquhar, and the Lewis itself. Although the BAR was recommended, the sheer number of Lewis guns available and the difficult financial conditions meant that nothing was done. Following numerous trials, the British Army adopted the Czechoslovak ZB vz.26 light machine gun manufactured in Brno in 1935, although a slightly modified model, the ZB vz. 27, rather than the ZB vz. 26 which had been submitted for the trials. The design was modified to British requirements under new designation ZGB 33, which was then licensed for British manufacture under the Bren name. The major changes were in the magazine and barrel and the lower pistol grip assembly which went from a swivelling grip frame pivoted on the front of the trigger guard to a sliding grip frame which included the forward tripod mount and sliding ejection port cover. The magazine was curved in order to feed the rimmed .303 SAA ("Small Arms Ammunition") cartridge, a change from the various rimless Mauser-design cartridges such as the 8mm Mauser round previously used by Czech designs. These modifications were categorised in various numbered designations, ZB vz. 27, ZB vz. 30, ZB vz. 32, and finally the ZGB 33, which was licensed for manufacture under the Bren name.

The Bren was a gas-operated weapon, which used the same .303 ammunition as the standard British bolt-action rifle, the Lee–Enfield, firing at a rate of between 480 and 540 rounds per minute (rpm), depending on the model. Propellant gases vented from a port towards the muzzle end of the barrel through a regulator with four quick-adjustment apertures of different sizes, intended to tailor the gas volume to different ambient temperatures. The vented gas drove a piston which in turn actuated the breech block. Each gun came with a spare barrel that could be quickly changed when the barrel became hot during sustained fire, though later guns featured a chrome-lined barrel, which reduced the need for a spare. The Bren was magazine-fed, which slowed its rate of fire and required more frequent reloading than British belt-fed machine guns such as the larger .303 Vickers machine gun. The slower rate of fire prevented more rapid overheating of the Bren's air-cooled barrel, and the Bren was much lighter than belt-fed machine guns, which typically had cooling jackets, often liquid filled. The magazines also prevented the ammunition from getting dirty, which was more of a problem with the Vickers with its 250-round canvas belts. The sights were offset to the left, to avoid the magazine on the top of the weapon. The position of the sights meant that the Bren could be fired only from the right shoulder.

In the British and Commonwealth armies, the Bren was generally issued on a scale of one per rifle section. An infantry battalion also had a "carrier" platoon, equipped with Universal Carriers, each of which carried a Bren gun. Parachute battalions from 1944 had an extra Bren in the AT platoon. The 66-man "Assault Troop" of British Commandos had a nominal establishment of four Bren guns. Realising the need for additional section-level firepower, the British Army endeavoured to issue the Bren in great numbers, with a stated goal of one Bren to every four private soldiers. The Bren was operated by a two-man crew, sometimes commanded by a Lance Corporal as an infantry section's "gun group", the remainder of the section forming the "rifle group". The gunner or "Number 1" carried and fired the Bren, and a loader or "Number 2" carried extra magazines, a spare barrel and a tool kit. Number 2 helped reload the gun and replace the barrel when it overheated, and spotted targets for Number 1. Generally, the Bren was fired from the prone position using the attached bipod. On occasion, a Bren gunner would use his weapon on the move supported by a sling, much like an automatic rifle, and from standing or kneeling positions. Using the sling, Australian soldiers regularly fired the Bren from the hip, for instance in the marching fire tactic, a form of suppressive fire moving forward in assault. Each British soldier's equipment normally included two magazines for his section's Bren gun. The large ammunition pouches on the 1937 Pattern Web Equipment were designed around the Bren magazine. Every soldier would be trained to fire the Bren in case of an emergency, though these soldiers did not receive a Bren proficiency badge.

The Bren had an effective range of around 600 yards (550 m) when fired from a prone position with a bipod. For a light machine gun of the interwar and early World War II era, the Bren was about average in weight. On long marches in non-operational areas it was often partially disassembled and its parts were carried by two soldiers. The top-mounted magazine vibrated and moved during fire, making the weapon more visible in combat, and many Bren gunners used paint or improvised canvas covers to disguise the prominent magazine. The 30-round magazine was in practice usually filled with 27 or 28 rounds to prevent jams and avoid wearing out the magazine spring. Care needed to be taken when loading the magazine to ensure that each round went ahead of the previous round, so that the .303 cartridge rims did not overlap the wrong way, which would cause a jam. The spent cartridge cases were ejected downwards, which was an improvement on the Lewis gun, which ejected sideways, since the glint of them flying through the air could compromise a concealed firing position. In general, the Bren was considered a reliable and effective light machine gun, though in North Africa it was reported to jam regularly unless kept very clean and free of sand or dirt. It was popular with British troops, who respected its reliability and combat effectiveness. The quality of the materials used would generally ensure minimal jamming. When the gun did jam through fouling caused by prolonged firing, the operator could adjust the four-position gas regulator to feed more gas to the piston increasing the power to operate the mechanism. The barrel needed to be unlocked and slid forward slightly to allow the regulator to be turned. It was even said that all problems with the Bren could simply be cleared by hitting the gun, turning the regulator or doing both.

Although they were generally well-liked, the high cost of £40 each gun was an issue for the British Army leadership. This became a greater issue when it was discovered that only 2,300 of the 30,000 Bren guns issued to the British Expeditionary Force came back to Britain after the defeat of France. As the result, cost savings and increased rate of production became two main goals for subsequent variant designs. The Bren Mk II design simplified production by replacing the drum rear sight with a ladder design, making the bipod legs non-adjustable, simplifying the gun butt, reducing the use of stainless steel, among other steps that reduced the cost by 20% to 25%; Mk II was approved in September 1940 and entered production in 1941. While the Bren Mk III design also aimed at reducing cost, it also had the concurrent goal of being lightened for jungle warfare; the final product weighed 19 pounds and 5 ounces (3 pounds lighter than the original Bren Mk I design); it was standardised in July 1944 and saw a production of 57,600. Among the variant designs were two speciality prototypes that never entered production: The belt-fed Taden gun for stationary defence use, and the ultra-simplified Besal gun to be produced in case a German invasion of Britain actually took place (which would hinder British production efforts). Later designs of production Bren guns featured chrome-lined barrels that offered less resistance, preventing overheating and reducing the need for quick changes of barrels. Bren guns were produced outside of Britain as well. In Canada, the John Inglis plant in Toronto began tooling its facilities for production in 1938; the first of 186,000 examples was completed in Mar 1940. Some of the Inglis-built Bren guns were chambered for the 7.92-millimeter Mauser ammunition; these were destined for export to Nationalist Chinese forces rather than for British and Commonwealth forces. In Australia, the Lithgow Small Arms Factory in New South Wales began building Bren guns in 1940; a total of 17,249 were built. In India, the factory at Ishapore began building Bren guns in 1942 (it had produced Vickers-Berthier machine guns prior to this time), and would continue producing them for decades long after the end of WW2.

The Bren was also employed in the anti-aircraft role. The tripod could be adjusted to allow high angle fire. There were also several designs of less-portable mountings, including the Gallows and Mottley mounts. A 100-round pan magazine was available for the Bren for use in the anti-aircraft role. The Bren's direct ancestor, the Czechoslovak ZB vz. 26, was also used in World War II by German and Romanian forces, including units of the Waffen SS. Many 7.92 mm ZB light machine guns were shipped to China, where they were employed first against the Japanese in World War II. The Bren was also delivered to the Soviet Union as part of the lend-lease program.

The British Army, and the armies of various countries of the Commonwealth, used the Bren in the Korean War, the Malayan Emergency, the Mau Mau Uprising and the Indonesia–Malaysia confrontation, where it was preferred to its replacement, the belt-fed GPMG, on account of its lighter weight. In the conflict in Northern Ireland (1969–1998), a British Army squad typically carried the L4A4 version of the Bren as the squad automatic weapon in the 1970s. During the Falklands War in 1982, 40 Commando Royal Marines carried one LMG and one GPMG per section. Its final operational deployment with the British Army, on a limited scale, was in the First Gulf War in 1991. Bren guns were in service with the Rhodesian Security Forces during the Rhodesian Bush War, including a substantial number re-chambered for 7.62 mm cartridges similar to those examples in the British Army. The South African Defence Force deployed Bren guns during the South African Border War alongside the more contemporary FN MAG as late as 1978.

[f-r-e-s-h]

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Although director John Carpenter in the 70s and (early) 80s with films like "Halloween", "The Fog", "Christine", "Die Klapperschlange", "Dark Star" and the ingenious remake of "Das Ding" was half a dozen Delivered a dozen genre classics, he has not succeeded in a really convincing film for over a decade. A good reviewer should not repeat itself, but as with "Matrix Reloaded", a short digression on the subject of "expectations" is appropriate at the end of the trilogy. Probably because of the simple choreography and the high level of awareness. I'm sorry. The time to edit this comment has expired. Because, as in the second part of May, the attitude of the viewer when entering the cinema is now a decisive criterion for his state of mind when leaving it. Previously, the daily newspapers "Krone" and "Austria" reported that Kurz would meet Schwarzenegger during his visit to the USA and to one of ex-Google boss iphone 11 bazooka phone case Eric Schmidt attend organized meetings of IT giants in the US state of Montana. According to the Federal Chancellery, the country is still in the United States until next week. No further appointments by the chancellor of public interest were planned. YMCA - One of the Oktoberfest hits is YMCA from the Village People.

I wouldn't say so badly now, but yes, at some point the drop sucked. The app can be purchased in the Apple App Store and the Android Play Store. “Dravens Tales from the Crypt” has charmed for over 12 years with a tasteless mix of humor, serious journalism and zombies, garnished with lots of art, entertainment and punk rock. Draven has turned his hobby into a popular brand. That sounds like shit, of course.

Briefly met Schwarzenegger at digitization conference

Life means dealing with time properly. It is difficult for me to describe what I am actually doing here, over the years DravensTales has become a culture blog, music blog, shock blog, tech blog, horror blog, fun blog, a blog about network finds, internet bizarre things, trash blog, art blog, water heater, Zeitgeist blog , Scrap blog and surprise bag blog called. What is all right ... - and yet not. The focus of the blog is contemporary art, in the broadest sense of the word. There was a time when 'The New Schwarzenegger' was an event that could trigger wet palms among friends of the action film. 19 percent from abroad and 9 percent from the rest of Germany. Twelve celebrities will again be moving to the jungle camp as candidates from January. Viewers wonder how much the participants in "I'm a Star - Get Me Out of Here" earn. The AZ spoke to a celebrity manager about the stars' money, salary and fee. The celebrities have their trip to Australia royally paid for by RTL and the production company ITV. The pictures of the Bavarian dads. Unfortunately you are not allowed to use this name! Register and choose your own chiller name. Shock moment for Arnold Schwarzenegger. When visiting a sports competition in South Africa, the Hollywood star and bodybuilder is brutally attacked. This function is currently not available. Please try again later. Michael Wendler's mother, on the other hand, doesn't seem to think much of the new girl at her son's side. She is still enthusiastic about daughter-in-law Claudia Norberg, who moves to the jungle camp. The packaging should match the retail packaging, unless the item is handmade or was supplied by the manufacturer in non-retail packaging (e.g. in an unlabelled box or plastic bag). My pulse is 30 above normal, my hands are trembling slightly, I am unable to articulate a coherent sentence, my cerebral cortex slowly slips back to its original place, my visual nerves tentatively resume normal operation, and my left Half of the brain desperately tries to cope with the stream of images and impressions to be interpreted, which flows continuously from the right side of the brain. I just saw "Matrix".

[safarifirearms-blog]

Safari Firearms New Year Offers Air Rifle Firearms 2020

If you are into hunting or are into competitive shooting then it is but natural that you will be in the lookout for good quality firearms and related accessories. Those staying in Australia are generally into recreational hunting because of two main reasons. The first one is that hunting is a legal activity here, though the laws pertaining to it varies from state to state. Secondly it faces the problem of the growing number of feral and invasive pests which are a threat to the indigenous animals and incur huge loss to the agriculture and livestock. The animals which come under this category include deer, hare, rabbits, horse, donkeys, camel, fox and water buffalos and hunting of them are encouraged by the Government as the economy is negatively impacted by them. If you are new to this then you should read the laws pertaining to your state but then the basic law states that you should have a valid license and the permission of the landowner. Armed with this you can be out in the field and if you target is rabbit or deer then you will have the double advantage of excitement and having free range meat for the table.

Now coming to Firearms and Accessories Australia, there is no dearth of stores and online sites but then most of the people are apprehensive about the quality of products and cumbersome return policies. In this regard you will find Safari Firearms to be your best possible bet. This company has gone from strength to strength because of their branded products, on time delivery, easy return policy and excellent customer care. You can also be on the lookout for deals and discounts which will make shopping easy and you will be able to buy good quality firearms, optics, apparel, reloading supplies and a variety of other hunting and shooting items at a pocket friendly price. This company has a store in Sydney but if you want to shop from the comforts of your home then just log on to their site, read the features, compare the same product from different brands and while you are at it take the help of the experts in case you are faced with a dilemma.

Binoculars are an all time favourite with hunters, nature lovers, bird watchers and also those doing the surveillance work. In Safari firearms Australia you will get excellent ones from reputed companies like Athlon, Bushnell, Leupold, Nikon, Swarovski, Tasco and Zeiss  to name a few.

LEUPOLD BX-4 PRO GUIDE HD 12X50 ROOF SHADOW GREY BINOCULAR- SKU: LE172675The BX-4 Pro Guide HD”s are built around the Leupold Twilight Max Light Management System. Completely waterproof and backed by the Leupold full lifetime guarantee these are a welcome addition for all those who want to see more outdoor.

FEATURES:·

         High- definition calcium-fluoride lenses·         Twilight Max Light Management Lens System·         Phase coated BAK 4 prisms·         Twist-Up eye cup·         Ergonomic design·         Lightweight alloy housing·         GO afield case and shoulder strap included·         Lens cloth and lens cover·         Waterproof and fogproof·         Rugged and armour coatedNot just optics, this online store has the best of ammunition and reloading supplies. You will find bullet casting, bullet pullers, priming tools, reloading dies and many such items which will make you extremely hands on and it becomes economical if you are actively involved in hunting and shooting.

For more details Swarovski Optik Australia visit www.safarifirearms.com.au

[falken-tyres-australia-blog]

7,000km on the Wildpeak M/T's

Greg Plumridge - Geelong 4WD and Camping.

The Geelong 4WD & Camping/Ironman PX2 Ranger has just completed a month long 7,000klm trip road testing the impressive new Falken Wildpeak M/T tyres with our ultimate destination being the Big Red Bash concert on the edge of The Simpson Desert

The trip was a great test of Man, Woman and Machines with a route that took us through Port Augusta, Woomera, Coober Pedy and then on to some of the greatest natural wonders in the Australian Outback including Uluru, Kata Tjuta, Kings Canyon, Hermannsburg, Palm Valley, Ellery Creek Big Hole, and Standley Chasm before leading us into Alice Springs where we spent an educational day at the Alice Springs Desert Park before a final reload of supplies.

The next leg of the journey was the most remote and slowest as we travelled during the next 6 days travelling the 700klms from Jervois Station down the Hay River Track joining the Simpson Desert near Poeppel’s Corner to follow the QAA line East into Birdsville.

A 2 day visit to Bedourie (180klm north of Birdsville) in the Dimantina Shire for the Annual Camel and Pig Races was an absolute jewel of an event on our trip and fitted in neatly before the Big Red Bash.

To see Midnight Oil perform in the Centre of Outback Australia, the heartland of the Country that they protect so vigorously was definitely the highlight of the 3 Day Concert although so many of the other performers delivered outstanding performances, The Living End, Chocolate Starfish, Richard Clapton, Casey Chambers, Bjorn Again, The Chantoozies, The Eurogliders and 1927 just to mention some of them.

With a leisurely departure for the journey home via the Birdsville Track we encountered our only significant hiccup at Mungerannie when we lost a wheel bearing on our camper. Fortunately this did not really impact on our schedule it just forced a change in route via Adelaide to source and replace the bearings……….. Lesson learned……...never travel without spares.

As a result of our forced detour we were able to visit the Coorong (for the first time) and then onto Robe for the final night before home

All in all it was an unforgettable trip with great memories, a trouble free run on the Falken Wildpeak tyres and many places crossed off  ”The Bucket List”.

If you would like any tips for a serious Off Road Trip to the Outback then please drop in and talk to our experienced Team at Geelong 4WD and Camping.

[karrol56]

The Best Removalists in Sydney

We are now the top valued Removalists in Sydney, in time Removals travel around Sydney, Australia at best prices. Have a quick quote right here! Move has become a fast process which requires time and preparation. When you do plan and organize things well during time, they could make note of any belongings, prevent harm to any assets, or experience certain other issues. At Quick Furniture removals Sydney designers offer a huge spectrum of cheaper removal services and therefore can assist customers with any movement element. Everything the products can be transferred through one position to some other on time but without loss by our house clearance team in Sydney. Best removalists Sydney

Advantages of hiring Sydney quick removal

Which could do more damage than good, notably if you've no background with both the middle of transitioning. Here’s some other big benefits of employing a specialist for both the work: Learn Where to Schedule - Preparation is really the secret to a positive and orderly operation but is recognized by our skilled removal professionals. Individual’s help consumers prepare the transfer as quickly as possible, organize packaging and charging, decide the future road, arrange movement documents, when necessary, or ensure that every object is Developers could manage packaging – the Sydney removal company provide a broad variety of packaging services. They will supply packaging materials, guarantee that now every package is properly packaged, mark it to find things simpler to manage but instead pass it on.  Through all Sydney uni prerequisites

Carrying heavy experiment is available – it can be quite dangerous to carry heavy and unusual objects, in different furnishings. Unfamiliar transporters risk damaging their self but instead properties in the course of travel. An experienced moving device manager is able to fully lift and hold objects and manoeuvre through the steps, passageways and doors. It is also possible to safely anchor all things throughout the vehicle to prevent transport issues.

Our skilled Sydney removals need access to decent machines and resources to ensure movement is easy. Developers need access to decent equipment and materials. That cabinets, bags and clothes, carts, vans, boards, etc would be going. We also you are able to effectively use resources and reduce the risk of damaging the land.

Developers get a health coverage plan to protect your interest – accidents may happen because about how many measures a removal worker requires. This is why Perth has broad health insurance for all existing moving companies. If the motions harm your assets or belongings, the policy will well cover associated costs.

How then can you support Sydney's Quick Removals?

 Everyone’s aim is to simplify movements with the clients. Developers are really a customer-orientated retraction agency which always works to keep a high quality. And here's a short description of our service providers:

1. Wrapping and unpackaging

Developers offer a wide variety in service providers and multiple combinations for moving plans so how you can want what's right for your needs. We deliver travel solutions for consumers on a plan and take care of boarding, carriage and discharging. We provide a total cheaper removal service, with all aspects through packaging to unpackaging at the venue, if please want low stress moving. Please talk to everyone’s customer care managers about the possible candidates. Most significance removalists near me

2. Sydney and Road Home Service tech

Developers provide Sydney and Regional with cheap home best movers and it can transfer all forms of furniture pieces to the destination. Throughout this operation, a wide furniture is removed, that parts are packed, loaded, unloaded, unpackaged and assembled. You may employ us to perform tasks to remove small and large furniture and ensure the items reach the destination unchanged and free of harm. The group is also well and over the decades have done these moves many times so they know the procedure very well. Developers may supply a consumer's furniture, transfer individual pieces through one place to another and then transfer that furnishings comfortably to a different area inside the house.

3 . Best moving Frontloading

Consumers are always finding competitive options and offers to help themselves at Sydney's removals prices. As just an option to total removal services, we provide backload removal services. Once completely removed, can reserve a complete pickup van. If you have several things to transport, it is a great choice. Able to book a truck complete is a waste of time and money if you've only a handles of products to carry. Frontloading helps consumers to submit vans, so that only the room they use has to be paid for. You wouldn't have to schedule a whole pickup van, of instance if you'd like a home removal service to move one sofa. All may simply pick or exchange your room with your reloading service. 2020 all new Newcastle removalists

We're the biggest removal companies in Sydney and provide removals alike locally and overseas.

What are we using?

It's a very profitable marketplace, and that strongest removalists throughout the region isn't simple to find. Here are a few explanations why you should take us into consideration:

Licensed and Insurance – Developers get all the licenses and permits required for operating in the business lawfully and taking local as well as long-distance steps. Developers do offer extensive insurance policies to prevent unintended injury or loss of value to certain clients. All furniture removalists Newcastle here

Dependable personnel – Developers get an experienced team of skilled removal employees who are trustworthy. Through deep examination, we are selected and committed to the quality of the service.

Broad variety of services – We provide a broad array of services and provide numerous planners projects and specifications. You shouldn't need to look any further if you're after top-quality removals.

Reasonably priced removal operators – We know that movements can be a large cost strain for our customers so we want to hold our Sydney removals small yet accessible.

Please wouldn't hesitate to call us at Quick Removals Sydney for more information on any leader removalists. We are delighted to assist you phone or filled in the registration platform.

Visit Our Site: https://www.intimeremovalist.com.au/

[topseedsportsaus]

Tennis Ball Machines - Best store to buy in Australia

Tennis ball machines round tools's are a fantastic techniques to leave the court together with you can practice when you continue to be in the middle of a suit with your playing companions. The reality is that the practice makes extraordinary as they specify. You never ever have also much time to exercise in despite what your flaunting job it. The lower line is the extra the much far better. There is an affordable option when it entails tennis ball machines round tools's. There are numerous topspeed brand names offered around. Well perhaps they are, yet the cost for the easygoing gamer can be discouraging. You require to really invest your time playing as long as feasible in addition to do not bother with acquiring tools when you are alone. The tennis ball machines round devices's are easy makers that can keep you busy on the track for a while. The tennis ball machines round tools are made with simpleness in mind. It does the similar factors that those a whole lot extra pricey tools's such as Lobster or different other versions from tennis tutor do. Tennis Ball Machines round producers supply you an ability to hold a tennis round gadget that can toss the ball at you every 5 secs. The tennis round tools do not oscillate like its bigger pals do. The tennis round makers will definitely feed the ball to you in the very precise very same area over and over.

  Round ability is furthermore an added commitment with the tennis round manufacturer. The maker can fit just 28 tennis balls each time, so you require to invest even more time in between getting as well as reloading, so you simply obtain relating to 2 mints to rally in time. The tennis ball machines manufacturer can similarly toss rounds at a brief series of 15-20 feet, or two you should place the tools on its side of the network for far better performance unless simply breaks fundamental strategies. The tennis ball machines manufacturers are outstanding makers. It can be exceptionally helpful for gamers of any ages, especially gamers from rookie to intermediate degree capabilities. The tennis round tools can in addition be used as a baseball batting technique create (with rounds) for youngsters.

  To know More Click Here >> Best Tennis Ball Machine

[arplis]

Arplis - News: Awesome Bbq Smoker Accessories

Not Absolutely Necessary But Nice-to-Have Accessories 링크로 이동 – You can successfully grill without the following items, but boy do they make . Cool unique Christmas idea for men dad or him; 10 YEARS LIMITED MANUFACTURE . Griddle Tool kit – Professional Stainless Steel Grade Grill Accessories – Griddle . The case is nice, but the tools themselves are of extremely low quality. Masterbuilt Smoker & Grill Accessory Kit with Mat, Gloves & Rib Rack . Will get hot when holding a pot for more than 10 seconds or so but nice grip and better . 2018. 6. 11. – . you could buy them with ease and have a wonderful time at your very own BBQ party. . Now, when you hear about grill, this accessory for the first time, you may think that it . You probably had no idea that this even existed! 2019. 1. 9. – Outdoor grills are a wonderful way to cook food and there is no end to the number of . BBQ Grill Tools Set with 16 Barbecue Accessories. 2018. 3. 26. – Since there are so many meat smoker accessories it would be a shame not to . That is why it is always a great idea to have a thermometer with you. and you will also get a 1-year warranty on it and that is pretty impressive. 2019. 3. 22. – You can’t grill without a flame, and if you’re a traditionalist, you’re using charcoal. . or pretty much anything else you need to get grilling in 60 seconds idea: Stuff everything you need for a barbecue (minus the grill) into a . 2016. 6. 26. – You’ll regret not investing in these 6 smoker and grill accessories . 20 minutes during a 10 hour brisket cook started to get pretty annoying. 2018. 4. 6. – The best barbecue and grill accessories for perfect grilling include a . At the risk of sounding pompous, I’m a pretty competent outdoor griller. We have a range of smoker accessories to complete your meat-smoking dream. 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MASSIVE SAVINGS ON ALL RANGES. Image Barbecues · Image Smokers . Australian Family Business. Hark Enterprises – BBQ – Roast – Grill – Supplier of Green Mountain Grills, Hark Smokers and BBQ Accessories. BBQ Smokers and Grills :: Australia’s Barbecue Outfitter – BBQ Smokers and Grills :: Australia’s Barbecue Outfitter . BBQ Accessories. Yeti. Cookware. ​Australian Manufacturer of BBQ Smoking Wood Products Accessories Melbourne . See Facebook Pics:- //mybookreview.club/AussieBBQSmoke See . The ultimate barbecue store. All the barbecue sauces, rubs, gas grill, wood grills, pellet, fire, smokers, equipment, supplies, and accessories you need. Great for . 2018. 5. 1. – Grilling is easier, safer and more fun with the best grill accessories. . may make an excellent addition to an emergency supplies backpack). Big Poppa Smokers has the best selection of BBQ supplies and accessories for sale online. Shop the best knives, knife sharpeners, ice coolers, disposable . 2018. 6. 11. – 12 best bbq smoker accessories . This is very hectic and also risky because you may injure yourself when you are too close to the charcoal flame. but believe me when I say this smoking on an oil drum is the best feeling. 2018. 4. 6. – These are the best grill accessories I use. Grillux Grill Basket. AP Products 024-1001 Propane Tank Gas Level Indicator. The Pit Glove Insulated Gloves. ThermoWorks Thermapen. Coleman RoadTrip LXX Grill. Masterbuilt 30-Inch Black Electric Digital Smoker. Beer Can Chicken Roaster Rack. 2016. 6. 26. – You’ll regret not investing in these 6 smoker and grill accessories sooner! . For a detailed breakdown check out our review of the top smoker thermometers. . After a cook, crank the temperature for around 10 minutes and then clean with a . If you’re like me and like to avoid burning your own hands you’ll . A good way to get more flavors for the money. . Masterbuilt Smoker & Grill Accessory Kit with Mat, Gloves & Rib Rack . spare ribs, found cutting the ribs in half they fit better and less flopping around. Dont even get me started on the flavor! The Kansas City BBQ Store has The World’s Biggest Best Inventory of BBQ Sauces, Seasonings, Smokers, and Supplies. Everything you need for Serious BBQ . Products 1 – 40 of 714 – Shop for Charcoal and Smoker Accessories in Grill Tools & Accessories. Buy products such as (4 pack) Kingsford Original Charcoal . Shop BBQ Guys for grill gadgets & smoker accessories! Find BBQ utensils, firestarters, steel grill tools, grill lights, & much more for every grill master! Free next day delivery on eligible orders for Amazon prime members Buy bbq smoker accessories on Amazon.co.uk. Results 1 – 24 of 44 – ProQ ® Cold Smoke Generator – BBQ Smoker Accessory for Cold . Garden Secrets Cherry BBQ Smoker Wood Chips – For Barbecue Food . Barbecue And Smoker Accessories (101) . Kamado Joe Accessory ‘X’ rack for the Big Joe . Wild Goose Half moon cast Iron Grill with holes for 18” Kamado. 2019. 1. 21. – . LANDMANN has stood the test of time as a leading European manufacturer of premium Gas Grills, Charcoal Grills, Smokers & Accessories. EVENT: Traeger Grills Meat Master/Backyard BBQ Class with Diva Q – Sunday 19th May ’19. (traeger-diva-q-event-19-05-19). £50.00. Out of stock. 2018. 8. 15. – Home > Fireplace Accessories > Fireplace Smoke Guards. Fireplace Smoke . Many parts of the UK are smoke control areas which means you can only burn . Find great Engrossing Pre Hung Doors . Beat Barrel Bbq Pits. 2018. 12. 5. – 200 Adorably Cute Names For Your Australian Shepherd Puppy. We have full range of Walkera rc helicopters, walkera parts and accessories, . 2018. 12. 7. – Oscillating Tower Fan with Twin Grills. . Pivoting Blower and Built-in Outlets: Space Heaters & Accessories – Amazon.com ✓ FREE . Visit The . Get Free Download Ebook User Manual Guide Repair Reference, AVAILABLE NOW EXAM ANSWER 2019. 7 Sins BBQ (7). Four 41 South (5). Franklin BBQ (1). Kosmo’s Q (23). Rum and Que (4). Simply Marvelous BBQ (6). Sweet Smoke Q (2) . Meat Church (14) . New Zealand -. New Zealand’s Home of ProQ® BBQ Smokers, Accessories and the Best Low and Slow Cooking Products. See our Premium BBQ Products . Here at The Smokehouse we specialize in gourmet food smoking products. We offer a variety of smokers and outdoor cooking products, smoking accessories, . To help you get the most from your Everdure by Heston barbeque, we’ve put Any other accessories included in the box? . Is this a BBQ or a smoker? Its both. New Zealand . is the perfect balance of function and form, taking design cues from minimalist Danish design. . Porcelain enamel firebox; Hinged chrome grill for easy reloading of charcoal; Comes with pedestal stand . Optional accessories. Everdure Cube Portable Charcoal Barbeque by Heston Blumenthal – Grey . Wishlist. Everdure Force 2 Burner Gas Barbeque by Heston Blumenthal – . Simple . With a barbecue to suit a range of needs, Masport will have you cooking your sausages, burgers and steaks with minimal fuss. Saffire Grill, the Premier Kamado Grill & Smoker features the highest quality components and innovations for championship BBQ grilling in your own backyard. The goal was being able to monitor, manage and smoke perfectly BBQ food while getting the weekend shopping done! Like many Smartfire was frustrated with . 2018. 6. 11. – In this article I have gathered the 12 must-have BBQ smoker accessories so that you could buy them with ease and have a wonderful time at . 2018. 5. 1. – The Best BBQ, Grill, and Smoker Accessories and Gadgets in 2019. Charcoal Chimney Starter. Heat-Resistant Gloves. Kebab Skewers. Fish/Vegetable Grilling Basket. Meat Shredding Claws. Rib Rack. Remote Digital Thermometer. 2016. 6. 26. – Investing in the right smoker accessories doesn’t just make your life a lot easier, it’ll improve the quality of your BBQ too! There is nothing more satisfying than buying a new grill. except maybe . So I have narrowed my list down to 10 essential grill accessories I feel every man . 2018. 11. 5. – If you are an avid charcoal griller, this list of must have charcoal grill accessories should be on your radar and should be in . If you invest in these quality items, your life with grilling and barbecue will be as gratifying as mine. There’s just something super satisfying about magnets. With this accessory holder, you can keep your grill tools handy and . If giving up your rake has you rethinking your garden tools, check out this list of 12 must-have garden tools. . Crate and Barrel. Browse grills and grill accessories including utensils, seasonings and more. . Grilling tools are essential when it comes to outdoor cooking. Foolproof Techniques for Smoking & Grilling, plus 193 Delicious Recipes Fred . hot pepper sauce 2 tablespoons of your favorite barbecue rub 1 recipe North . sauce is great with any smoked chicken, but particularly gratifying with wings. . accessories necessary for smoking on your particular grill, along with the grill rack. Your enthusiasm for the first edition has been gratifying and amazing, and helped spark a . Multiple grill–ownership is on the rise and what was once an activity for . I’ve revised the techniques chapter based on the latest grills and accessories. . full-page photographs to show you what the finished dishes should look like. 2018. 5. 1. – The Best BBQ, Grill, and Smoker Accessories and Gadgets in 2019. Charcoal Chimney Starter. Heat-Resistant Gloves. Kebab Skewers. Fish/Vegetable Grilling Basket. Meat Shredding Claws. Rib Rack. Remote Digital Thermometer. Top 10 Essential BBQ Grill and Smoker Accessories – We look at some of the best accessories for your grill and smoker that you should own. 2018. 4. 6. – The best barbecue and grill accessories for perfect grilling include a meat . I hunkered down and bought a Broil King Baron S440 grill, which is . 2016. 6. 26. – You’ll regret not investing in these 6 smoker and grill accessories sooner! . the meat type or choose a manual temperature; Choices usually include custom, . For a detailed breakdown check out our review of the top smoker . 2019. 1. 9. – This reversible grill/griddle can be used both indoors and outdoors on any type of cooking heat in order to provide a solid cooking surface. BBQ And Kitchen Tools, Toys, And Accessories Reviewed And Rated Which grill grate is best: stainless steel, cast iron, enamel coated, plated wire, or cast . It would be nice to have all kinds of small appliances on hand from a waffle maker . BBQ smoker accessories are everywhere, but these will actually do . If you plan on being a serious smoker, or even a weekend warrior type, these three items . 2018. 5. 15. – The 11 Best Grill Gadgets for a Better BBQ . use and comes with presets based on the type of meat you are grilling and how you like it cooked. 2018. 5. 18. – Looking for the best barbecue accessories for summer? Check out the must-have grill essentials and best BBQ gear for your summer parties . The right grill accessories will make all the difference. Enhance your grilling experience with Weber’s broad range of BBQ grill accessories. Accessories Weber Grills. . Flavorizer Bars Built for most Spirit 300 series, Spirit 700, Weber 900, and Genesis: Smoker Box Built for most gas barbecues. For about $90 you can easily convert a standard Weber Kettle into a much better grill as well as a smoker capable of making restaurant quality smoked ribs, . Weber Kettle Discada Weber Kettle, Weber Bbq, Weber Grills, Charcoal Grill, Weber . Maria style attachment,accessories adjustable grate Weber Grill Accessories, . Tempting!!! Southwest Disk is the only manufacturer providing a seasoned . 2018. 10. 1. – Cool grill gift ideas for the cooking grill master in your life. . From nifty tools and accessories to make cooking easier, or a new grill setup to take BBQ to the next level. . Where the Weber Spirit excelled was in its ability to slow cook. . The only problem is resisting the temptation to use it indoors – while you . Results 1 – 48 of 272 – Weber Grill Jenn Air Drop Rotisserie Motor L And L Hawaiian Barbecue 230 BBQ Prep and serve accessories (36) Weber Q Accessories (39) . 2016 · I know it’s tempting to just grab a bird at the store, but once I show . 2018. 5. 23. – We’ve already extolled the virtues of grilling with gas BBQs and . The secret is to keep the lid on and not be tempted to take a peek or the . It just pips the Weber, below, by dint of that adjustable height grill and the off-set hinged lid. . be replaced with a host of optional cooking accessories, including a cast . 2018. 7. 6. – The Weber Original Kettle Premium Charcoal Grill 22″ is a classic for good reason. It’s compact yet big enough to cook an entire elaborate . Whether you want a gas or charcoal BBQ, or even a dedicated smoker for meats, Weber’s ‘Gourmet’ system of cooking accessories: simply remove the centre of that look so cool you may be tempted into doing all your barbecuing at night. Visit us today for all you Accessories needs! Shop Online or come Instore to Barbeques Galore! . Pro Smoke Grey Box Smoking Chunks – PSMKCHUNKGB . Shop the range of Barbeque Smoking Accessories from Barbeques Galore, online & instore. There are many ways to Barbeque, LPG, Natural Gas and Electric; each with their advantages so find your perfect on with Barbeques Galore online or instore. Barbeques Galore 38″ Grill Cover for Freestanding Gas Grill. Barbeques Galore 38″ Universal Cover for Freestanding Grill. $69.99. Add to Cart. Turbo Empire . Find everything you need to make the most of your electric or charcoal smoker at Barbecues Galore. We offer a wide selection of wood chips & chunks, smoker . Looking for an Australian BBQ Store in Sydney? At Joe’s BBQs, we . Traeger Smokers & Accessories . Heatstrip Elegance THE1800 Outdoor Electric Heater. Outdoor Chef Silver Dual Chef Gas Barbecue . from traditional charcoal BBQs, professional gas fuelled barbecues or even smokers, when it comes to outdoor . Vancouver BBQs, Patio Furniture, Fire Pits & Fire Tables — Your best BBQ Vancouver store! . Barbeque – BBQ sales, bbq parts, bbq accessories and patio furniture! . We also carry a large selection of smokers, patio heaters, outdoor campfires, . the kids around an elegant and hassle-free campfire in your own backyard! 8-2pm Delongi coffee machine, smoker BBQ, scrapbooking galore, tins deluxe newpaint . Luxurious, Stylish, Refined, Spacious, Sophisticated. . In good condition comes with accessories Cost me over $900 new from bbq galore Only selling . Big Poppa Smokers offers the best online selection of BBQ rubs, seasonings, . Free standard shipping on all rub, sauce, fuel and accessory orders $75 or more! . Big Poppa Smokers is proud to offer a wide selection of all things barbecue. . a whole Thanksgiving dinner with only minimal effort, the MAK 2 Star locks in . Best barbecue grill for spring and summer 2019 . Of course, you don’t want all of the gear with no idea. . of cooking accessories: simply remove the centre of the heavy-duty grill and replace it with a wok, Weber barbecues are extremely well built and suffer from only minimal rust after years left out in the cold and damp. The German Manufacturer of stainless stell barbecues and accessories . The THÜROS T-Line – find your suitable barbecue . THÜROS Grill Accessories. 2018. 4. 6. – The best barbecue and grill accessories for perfect grilling include a meat thermometer, outdoor lamp, and grill basket. Ships from and sold by Adrenaline Barbecue Company. Wireless Remote Digital Cooking Food Meat Thermometer with Dual Probe for Smoker Grill BBQ. +. BBQ grill tools storage Patio Storage, Tool Storage, Grill Tools, Grill Area, Learn How Accessories Can Make Shed Organization Fun and Easy Outdoor . Free Barbecue Tool Cabinet Plans – Click on the photo for a free, downloadable PDF Like the idea of getting the tools out of the kitchen and keeping next to the grill. Offering grill accessories specifically designed for your charcoal or smoker grill. . up to 3 Tools. Stainless Steel. Installs Easily. Cast Iron Charcoal and Smoker Tray for all Prestige (except 308) & Mirage . Cool Handle. Aluminized Steel. 2018. 8. 19. – Smoker: Authentic “low and slow” Southern barbecue has been one of the fastest It’s incredibly versatile for its small size, taking up a minimalist . That’s why the Rib Rings ($49) is such a brilliant idea – and a budget stretcher. It comes from accessory makers The BBQ Guru, and it’s a spiral rack of hefty . Weber is the world’s premier manufacturer of charcoal, gas, and electric grills, and grilling accessories. Includes recipes, grilling tips, parts, and support. Easy barbecue smoker recipes, gas grill recipes and meat smoker cooking ideas. Outdoor bbq grilling tips, water smoker and gas grill reviews. 2018. 4. 20. – I’ve got 16 recipes that will make you want to buy a smoker so you can . This recipe is from the BBQ brothers over at Cuts and Crumbles. The ultimate barbecue store. All the barbecue sauces, rubs, gas grill, wood grills, pellet, fire, smokers, equipment, supplies, and accessories you need. Great for . Results 1 – 24 of 512 – LANNEY Pellet Smoker Tube, 12” Stainless Steel BBQ Wood Pellet . Smoke Generator Works with Electric Gas Charcoal Grill Smokers . or Smoker Hot Smoking & Cold Smoking E-Book with Recipes are Included. The best pellet grills and wood pellets, rubs, and sauces. Find recipes, and learn about our 6-in-1 wood fired grill versatility. You can grill, bake, smoke, roast, . 4일 전 – Looking for the best grills and smokers to barbecue this summer? Check out this handy guide, including grilling tips, recipes, and cookbooks for . Where to buy · Recipes & Blogs · Contact Us · About Us . With the flexibility of stackable baskets, grill trays and hanging hooks the Fornetto Basso is more . Fornetto vertical smoker and oven you can rely on quality BBQ accessories and tools, . Since 1948 we’ve been a leader in gas, charcoal and electric grills. Click here for more on our products, grilling tips, parts and support. Video & Recipes · Smoking FAQS · Browse Smoker BBQs . to go from rookie to expert with our smoker range guide, recipes, and how-to videos provided by our . Smoking your food it a healthy, tasty alternative to the norm. So enjoy your Smoked fish, chicken or beef and Shop instore or online with Barbeques Galore. Take a close look at the Cajun Grill Super 36-inch Charcoal Grill in this review video! . Find out why. Close . In this video, I show you how to smoke a big slab of pork belly on the Cajun Preaux Charcoal Grill! Full . Louisiana Grills are the most versatile grills ever made: – All natural hardwood pellets provide an amazing . Subscribe Now: //mybookreview.club/subscription_center?add_user=Cookingguide Watch More: //mybookreview.club . //mybookreview.club/bacon Tom Mylan, executive butcher and co-owner of The Meat Hook in Brooklyn, New . In this video, we take a look at the Cajun Preaux Charcoal Grill. This is a very versatile, all 304 stainless steel . Not Your Ordinary Stuffed Pepper Recipe! . Ever since the Big Apple Barbecue came to town, we’ve been dreaming of smoked brisket. . This is the best way to smoke ribs where they come out oh so tender and flavorful with this dry rub recipe. . The Best Quick Smoked Meat Recipes on Yummly Smoked Sausage Cajun . Louisiana Grills specializes in wood pellet grills, and enhancing the grilling experience through great out door products. Louisiana offers a top in class 5 year . Cajun Grill – 204 Wilson St, Lafayette, Louisiana 70501 – Rated 5 based on 12 . built as a present for his father Percy, Ray Guidry built the first Percy Guidry pit in. Put out over 500 pork chops, 30 lbs. of grilled boudin, smoked 20 racks of . #BbqSmokerAccessoriesUk #BestBbqSmokerAccessories #BbqGaloreSmokerAccessories #BbqSmokerGrillCajun #BbqSmokerKaufen

Arplis - News source http://feedproxy.google.com/~r/Arplis-News/~3/AtaMc8QYNyA/awesome-bbq-smoker-accessories

[safarifirearms-blog]

New Year Special Safari Firearms Reloading Supplies Australia

If you are a serious hunter then it is but natural for you to have your own reloading kit. But if you are new to the game then it is important for you to know how having proper Reloading Supplies Australia can go a long way in saving money and it also improves accuracy, performance and can be fun too. As per the Wikipedia hand loading or reloading is the process of loading from firearm cartridge or shotgun shells by assembling the individual components rather than purchasing completely assembled ones.

Reloading refers more specifically to the assembly of ammunition re-using the cases and shells from previously fired ammunition and you can know see why it is important to have your own kit. If you happen to be in Australia then it is quite possible that you are into hunting which is a legal practice and moreover the hunting of feral and invasive pests are allowed all throughout the year but make sure that you have a valid license and the permission of the landowner before venturing out. Though you can browse the local stores to find the necessary equipments it might not be possible to get all that you want at one place. In this case you can check out Safari Firearms, one of the most trusted distributors for firearms and related accessories including a whole range of reloading supplies. While you are at it do check out the firearms, gun parts, optics, apparel and ammunition for your hunting or shooting. This online store has become extremely popular with thousands of customers as it is easy to buy products after comparing the price and features of different brands. They also have excellent customer care, easy return policy and you can chat with their experts in case there is any doubt.

Safari Firearms Australia have a lot of items under reloading supplies including ammo boxes, bullet casting, pullers, callipers and micrometres, priming tools, reloading dies, manuals, press accessories, shellholders and shellplates, meplat uniformers and trimmers and many other such tools which are a must have for a serious hunter or for someone who is into competitive shooting.

RCBS UNIVERSAL HAND PRIMING TOOL – SKU: R90201

This is an excellent hand priming tool for the reloaders looking to get maximum sensitivity and feel from their hand priming units. This tool uses a universal shellplate which will accept virtually any case from the tiny 32 ACP to the large 45-70 Government, eliminating the hassle and expense of using shellholder. It also features a patented safety gate which helps to isolate the primer seating operation from the primer supply virtually eliminating the possibility of tray detonation. The removable primer tray correctly positions the primers before they are seated and will work with any manufacturers’ primer packaging.

·         No shellholders needed as it uses universal shellholder

·         Works with all brands of large and small rifle and pistol prime

 FRANKFORD ARSENAL PERFECT FIT RELOAD TRAY #2 223 REM- SKU: FA-PFRT2

These trays are sized for individual calibres or a family of calibres for a precise fit. They are an essential tool for reloading efficiency and organisation. Twelve tray sizes are available for 25 ACP through 500 Nitro. Each tray holds 50 cases. A lip around the outside edge provides a sure grip on the tray.

So go ahead and buy all your reloading supplies from Safari Firearms and with the right tools you will soon be doing it like a true professional.

For more details Swarovski Optik Australia visit www.safarifirearms.com.au

[mastcomm]

As Coronavirus Stifles China, Economic Logjams Build Worldwide

In Australia, after hauling hundreds of thousands of tons of iron ore to China, returning freighters can face a 14-day quarantine before being able to reload.

BHP, which has headquarters in London and Melbourne and is one of the world’s largest copper mining companies, has been in talks to possibly delay shipments to Chinese ports.

And from Qatar to Indonesia, exporters of liquefied natural gas face the prospect of disrupted shipments after a crucial importer in China is reportedly turning back deliveries after invoking clauses in long-term contracts that blame a “greater force.”

The coronavirus outbreak in China has generated economic waves that are rocking global commodities markets and disrupting the supply networks that act as the backbone of the global economy.

“We’re seeing a rippling out,” said Ed Morse, global head of commodities research at Citigroup in New York. “And we don’t see it stopping.”

Prices for key industrial raw materials such as copper, iron ore, nickel, aluminum and liquid natural gas have plummeted since the virus emerged. Currencies of countries that export these goods at high rates, including Brazil, South Africa and Australia, are near their lowest levels in recent memory. And manufacturers, mining companies and commodity producers of all stripes are weighing whether they will be forced to cut back on production for fear of adding to a growing inventory glut.

The woes of the commodities markets — arguably the worst-performing asset in financial markets this year — reflect the basic reality that China’s industry-heavy economy is the most important consumer of raw materials on earth.

Updated Feb. 10, 2020

What is a Coronavirus? It is a novel virus named for the crown-like spikes that protrude from its surface. The coronavirus can infect both animals and people, and can cause a range of respiratory illnesses from the common cold to more dangerous conditions like Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome, or SARS.

How contagious is the virus? According to preliminary research, it seems moderately infectious, similar to SARS, and is possibly transmitted through the air. Scientists have estimated that each infected person could spread it to somewhere between 1.5 and 3.5 people without effective containment measures.

How worried should I be? While the virus is a serious public health concern, the risk to most people outside China remains very low, and seasonal flu is a more immediate threat.

Who is working to contain the virus? World Health Organization officials have praised China’s aggressive response to the virus by closing transportation, schools and markets. This week, a team of experts from the W.H.O. arrived in Beijing to offer assistance.

What if I’m traveling? The United States and Australia are temporarily denying entry to noncitizens who recently traveled to China and several airlines have canceled flights.

How do I keep myself and others safe? Washing your hands frequently is the most important thing you can do, along with staying at home when you’re sick.

And drastic efforts to quell the outbreak, including a lockdown of Wuhan, a city of 11 million, and severe curtailment of transportation nationwide, have slowed the Chinese economy sharply.

JPMorgan economists now think China’s economy will grow at a pace of just 1 percent in the first quarter, well down from an initial forecast that anticipated a peppy 6.3 percent rate.

The slowdown will be most pronounced in the industrial sector. Most Chinese provinces had extended the Lunar New Year holiday and kept factories closed until Monday in an effort to contain the virus. Some have reopened, but it could be weeks or months before production can fully ramp up.

That is a major challenge for the supply chains that have developed in recent decades to deliver a constant supply of the materials that make Chinese factories hum.

Commodities markets have tumbled as those factories idled. Iron ore is down more than 10 percent this year. Copper is down about 8 percent, as is nickel, a key ingredient for stainless steel. Zinc and aluminum are both down more than 5 percent in 2020.

“There is a big drop in consumption and you need storage space,” said Harry Tchilinguirian, head of commodity strategy at the French bank BNP Paribas, in London. “And if you don’t have storage space that’s one of the reasons why the buyers have invoked this clause.”

One of China’s largest importers of liquefied natural gas, China National Offshore Oil Corporation, or CNOOC, was one of the entities to invoke a “force majeure” clause, according to multiple news reports. Asian gas prices tumbled in response; benchmark prices for North Asian liquid natural gas are down more than 30 percent in 2020.

Copper prices have also been tested as China’s construction and automotive industries have stalled. BHP said it was monitoring the situation and was “working closely with our copper customers” as they returned from the holiday.

For some, the decline in copper is an ominous sign: Copper has long been considered an unofficial leading indicator of the direction of the global economy, because of its close connection to the industrial sector.

On Tuesday, the Federal Reserve chair, Jerome H. Powell, told House Financial Services Committee members that the central bank was “closely monitoring the emergence of the coronavirus, which could lead to disruptions in China that spill over to the rest of the global economy.”

Whether the downturn is a blip or a serious shock is as much a question of epidemiology as economics.

If the spread of the virus starts to slow — as many expect it will — commodities will most likely rebound as production returns to normal and inventories that have been built up over the past few weeks gradually shrink.

“A lot of what’s happened in some of these commodity prices is more speculation that it gets worse before it gets better,” said John LaForge, the head of real asset strategy at Wells Fargo Investment Institute. “My guess is that commodity prices bounce pretty quickly.”

Others are not so sure.

Mr. Morse, at Citigroup, said several key markets — like crude oil — had already been showing softness, suggesting that the global economy was weak even before the virus hit. That could complicate any quick rebound for commodities prices.

“The market has been thinking that there’s going to be a V-shaped recovery at some point,” he said. “And we don’t think that’s in the cards.”

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[montieltjlindseyba37insuran-blog]

car insurance tax deductible

car insurance tax deductible

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[corkcitylibraries]

It Seems Like Nothing Changes

Paul Cussen

April 1919

April is the cruellest month, breeding Lilacs out of the dead land, mixing Memory and desire, stirring Dull roots with spring rain.

                                           -The Waste Land by T.S. Eliot

Tipperary Urban District unanimously adopted the resolution ‘that we believe that the only result of the continuance of martial law is to produce a rebellious spirit amongst the citizens, and to make municipal government impossible by inflicting an unbearable burden on the ratepayers’.

Leslie Irvin makes the first premeditated free-fall parachute jump.

While convalescing in Italy, Hemingway falls in love with his nurse, Agnes von Kurowsky, who was the inspiration for Catherine Barkley, the nurse in A Farewell to Arms.

1 April            

52 members attend the second meeting of Dáil Éireann and Éamon de Valera is elected Príomh Aire of Dáil Éireann and appoints the government of the first Dáil. Seán T. O’Kelly is appointed Ceann Comhairle. “There is in Ireland at this moment only one lawful authority, and that authority is the elected Government of the Irish Republic”   - De Valera

2 April

Constance Markievicz is appointed Minister of Labour.

Vladimir Nabokov leaves Russia with his family.

3 April            

Myles McKeon (Bishop of Bunbury, Australia) is born in Drummin (d. 2016)

Eoghan Ó Tuairisc is born in Ballinasloe (d. 1982)

5 April            

The Polish army kill 35 Jews in the Pinsk massacre.

6 April            

Limerick City IRA volunteers attempt to free a prisoner from Limerick Prison workhouse. RIC officer Martin O'Brien (aged 35) is killed and another policeman is wounded. The prisoner, Robert Byrne, under police guard in the local hospital, is being treated for the effects of a hunger strike and is also wounded. He dies later in the day.

Mohandas Karamchand Gandhi orders a General Strike.

7 April

Gunner Tom Barry is discharged from the army described as sober and ‘a good hardworking man’.

The Cork Examiner reports several deaths in Tipperary North, ‘.........in some instances two and three members of the same family are down with the malady and the Nenagh Hospital is full with patients......’

The Original Dixieland Jazz Band appears at the Joy Bells Revue in the London Hippodrome, the first official live jazz performance by any band in the United Kingdom.

Anarchist writers Gustav Landauer and Erich Mühsam play leading roles in the creation of the Bavarian Soviet Republic.

8 April

Three RIC Constables are wounded at Parkmore near Eyeries. Sergeant O’Connell, Constable Cummins, Constable Quinlan and Constable Ronan are returning to their barracks in Eyeries when they are intercepted by members of the Inches Company under Peter Neill who open fire with shotguns.

An armoured car and detachment of soldiers arrive on site in search of the Inches Company but are unable to locate any of the men involved. This leads to the area being placed under martial law and the market fair the following day is cancelled. (see http://www.corkpastandpresent.ie/history/timeline-1918-1923/1919.html)

8-9 April        

Strong tornadoes kill at least 92 people in the Southern Great Plains of the USA.

9 April            

C. Gordon Lambert is born in Dublin (d. 2005) He will donate 310 paintings to the Irish Museum of Modern Art in 1992, including work by Picasso, Miró and Vasarély, and by Irish artists Patrick Collins, Barrie Cooke and Robert Ballagh.

10 April          

The third meeting of Dáil Éireann is held, where a motion is passed calling on Irish people to ostracise the RIC. ‘The Minister of National Defence is, of course, in close association with the voluntary military forces which are the foundation of the National Army.’                                                                                                                                                                                                               - Éamon De Valera

 The US Naval Air Service closes its base at Queenstown (Cobh)

Emiliano Zapata is ambushed and shot dead in Morelos.

A referendum in Quebec on the prohibition of alcohol allows for the sale of light beer, cider and wines.

11 April          

Fethard Town Commissioners order ‘that the Clerk write to the Surveyor pointing out to him their present financial position owing to Military Restrictions on the Markets and Fairs and they refuse to pay the Tax demanded’

HMS Marlborough leaves Yalta carrying 17 members of the Russian Imperial Family into perpetual exile.

13 April          

Troops of the British Indian Army under the command of Colonel Reginald Dyer fire into a crowd of Indians gathered in Jallianwala Bagh for Baisakhi, the Sikh New Year’s Day. The shooting lasts 10 minutes, the soldiers reloaded twice.

Cease-fire is ordered only when ammunition supplies are almost exhausted and approximately 1,650 rounds are spent. The Hunter Commission report 379 deaths, Indian nationalists suggest approximately 1,500. The incident is recounted in both Salman Rushdie’s Midnight’s Children (which was voted the Booker of Bookers) and Shauna Singh Baldwin’s What the Body Remembers and Paul Scott’s The Day of the Scorpion (the second part of the Raj quartet).

13-19 April    

Three black Masonic lodges in Millen are burned and white racist mobs roam Jenkins County, Georgia leaving at least 165 dead.

15–27 April    

The Limerick Soviet – a general strike called by the Limerick Trades and Labour Council, as a protest against the declaration of a “Special Military Area” under the Defence of the Realm Act. Special permits are issued by the Royal Irish Constabulary, and are required to enter the city. The response was a general strike and boycott of the troops. A special Strike Committee was set up to print money, control food prices and publish newspapers.

Liam Cahill’s book Forgotten Revolution is an excellent account of the Limerick Soviet.

17 April          

Polish troops under General Józef Adam Lasock capture Lida from the Red Army. At noon Józef Piłsudski visits Lida.

Brigadier General Wilds P. Richardson arrives in Arkhangelsk after a personal briefing from President Woodrow Wilson to take charge of the evacuation of U.S. forces from North Russia.

18 April          

1,000 delegates attend the Sinn Féin Árd Fheis where Eamon de Valera is elected president of the organization.

19 April          

Sinn Féin proposes an Executive Council of the Irish National Alliance to challenge the right of any foreign parliament to make laws for Ireland.

Leslie Irvin, makes the world’s first free fall parachute descent using a rip cord.

20 April          

In Araglin seven Volunteers approach the RIC barracks at the rear and see that there is only one RIC Constable on duty, Constable O’Malley.

Con Leddy secures him as a prisoner and Constable O’Malley requests that the Volunteers fire a few shots from their revolvers into the stairs and then gag him so that his Sergeant and the other Constables will get the impression he has put up a fight in defence of the barracks. Con Leddy obliges this request and the young Constable later makes no effort to identify the Volunteers.

The district inspector and a number of RIC come from Fermoy to investigate the raid but after a week there are no arrests made and no recovery of the taken rifles and ammunition.

(see http://www.corkpastandpresent.ie/history/timeline-1918-1923/1919.html)

22 April          

The Proclamation to the Inhabitants of the Former Grand Duchy of Lithuania, a bilingual proclamation formulated by Józef Piłsudski is distributed mainly in Vilnius.

28 April          

An explosion takes place in a make shift bomb factory at 33, Grattan Street Cork City. The premises belong to a man named Andy Ahern who uses the bottom floor as a shoe shop.

The explosion occurs while the Volunteers are in the process of moving explosives to a secure location, after hearing that police are searching nearby. A build up of heat emptying the explosive powder from storage tins into coarser linen bags, ignites the explosive material. Luckily there is only powder in the bags and no shrapnel, however three Volunteers are badly injured and Lieutenant Michael Tobin subsequently dies.

(see http://www.corkpastandpresent.ie/history/timeline-1918-1923/1919.html)

30 April          

Sir John Pentland Mahaffy dies in Dublin (b. 1839, Vevey, Switzerland)

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Sydney's smallpox outbreak of 1789 - Biological warfare against Aboriginal tribes | Sovereign Union - First Nations Asserting Sovereignty

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(Source: Treaty Republic) An outbreak of smallpox in Sydney in 1789 killed thousands of First Nations people and weakened their resistance to white settlement. Researchers argue that the pandemic was no accident, but rather a deliberate act of biological warfare against the original inhabitants, on the continent named Australia by the perpetrators. The outbreak of smallpox in and around Sydney 'coincidentally' occurred at the time that there was a shortage of ammunition and following marine captain Watkin Tench writing in his journal that the First Fleet carried bottles of smallpox.   This deliberate infestation was probably the maneuver that determined Britain's permanent occupation of the east coast as Aboriginal resistance was persistent and often co-ordinated. The smallpox infection killed thousands of First Nations people as it spread across New South Wales and deep into Victoria.   There has been some neo-colonial skeptics and cynics regarding this biological warfare with stories of it spreading from other locations etc., but researchers Chris Warrens put all these hypotheses to rest in the video above and its accompanying transcript. Another independent researcher Jim Poulter attests to the deliberate act and provides an insight into how the smallpox destruction wiped out Aboriginal people deep south into Victorian tribes. Chris Warren ABC Radio National 'Ockham's Razor' 17 April 2014 In April 1789, a sudden, unusual, epidemic of smallpox was reported amongst the Port Jackson Aboriginal tribes who were actively resisting settlers from the First Fleet. This outbreak may have killed over 90 per cent of nearby native families and maybe three quarters or half of those between the Hawkesbury River and Port Hacking. It also killed an unknown number at Jervis Bay and west of the Blue Mountains Smallpox in Victorian Tribes   History of Smallpox & Diseases 18th - 19th century   THE DUST of THE MINDYE The use of Biological Warfare in the conquest of Australia By Jim Poulter By utilising both colonial documentation and Aboriginal oral history, the buried truth about the 1789 smallpox is finally exhumed.   The plague was released in a deliberate act of genocide by the two top military officers in the First Fleet, and their unwitting dupe was Joseph Jeffries, a Native American ‘Red’ Indian, who was a sailor on the First Fleet.   The author provides some insight into the spread of smallpox into Victoria and beyond.   Price $20.00 (+ postage) to buy direct - Website (or ask your local library to get it in) Some authors have argued that the First Fleet had no involvement whatsoever in the outbreak, while others argue that if the Fleet was involved, then it must have been some other disease such as chickenpox. Yet the journal of marine captain Watkin Tench indicates that the First Fleet carried bottles of smallpox. We know that smallpox materials retain the virus for a number of years when exposed to room temperatures. Knowing the temperatures on the First Fleet, it is clear that the virus would have weakened to around half-strength and could easily have caused the epidemic if spread amongst local tribes. The possibility of chicken-pox has been presented by Dr John Carmody and, hypothetically, a First Fleeter with shingles could have infected Aborigines with this virus, which then manifested as a virulent form of chickenpox. The chickenpox theory was first floated by Richard Hingston in 1985 and was immediately rebutted by a leading virologist, Professor Frank Fenner. Professor Fenner specialised in smallpox and noted that if chickenpox was present, it would have been seen amongst First Fleet children. Fenner also raised another problem. Around 1829, smallpox erupted in central New South Wales. A military surgeon, John Mair, investigating the epidemic reported that, those natives with marks from previous smallpox, were now immune from catching the disease. No other disease but smallpox could have arrived with the First Fleet to generate this immunity. Mair’s report therefore demonstrates that the earlier outbreak was true smallpox. Extracts from Mair’s report have been available since 1919. They were published by the Australian government in John Cumpston’s History of Small-Pox in Australia. It is now not reasonable to reintroduce chickenpox theory today - without addressing the issues raised by Fenner nearly 30 years ago. Now there is another argument suggesting that the First Fleet was not responsible for spreading smallpox. Some authors have argued that the Sydney outbreak was caused by smallpox from the district of Macassar in the Celebe islands, 3,000 miles away, which just happened to coincide with European settlement. This Macassan theory was contested by Professor Noel Butlin in 1983 and refuted by Craig Mear in 2008. However, it was revived by Campell Macknight in 2011 and appeared in the Cambridge History of Australia published last year. We know that in the 18th century, Macassans set up temporary camps along Australia’s northern coastline while processing sea-cucumbers for the Chinese market. If these Asian visitors carried active smallpox, then it is possible that they infected local communities. Recommended listening However there was no smallpox at Macassar around the time of the First Fleet. This is clear from the medical history of the Celebes (or Sulawesi as it is now known). The Dutch maintained medical services around Macassar for most of the 18th century and the first report of smallpox only occurred there in 1789, far too late for it to have caused the First Fleet epidemic thousands of miles away near Sydney Cove. Furthermore, if smallpox entered northern Australia and spread across the continent, it would have left telltale evidence in the form of pock marks along native trade routes. Children along these routes who suffered smallpox in the 1780s would have been in their 40s when Europeans started spreading from Sydney Cove, but there are no reports from early explorers of smallpox scars in inland Australia. On the contrary, as late as 1824 explorers were reporting that smallpox was unknown amongst Aboriginal tribes; that local clans were free of disease; and that their skins were sleek and without a blemish. The journal of marine captain Watkin Tench indicates that the First Fleet carried bottles of smallpox. In 2009 another author, Michael Bennett, concluded that smallpox was released from the First Fleet, but he suggested this was a deliberate act by rogue marines or convicts. In effect Bennett corroborated the earlier work by other scholars; Craig Mear, David Day, John Lampert, Norbert Finzsch, Henry Reynolds and Noel Butlin. Where I differ from both Mear and Bennett is that a close examination of the circumstances suggests that some authority, not necessarily involving Governor Phillip, ordered the deployment of smallpox. Consider the weakness of the First Fleet’s position initially; it left England in May 1787 without its main supply of ammunition, and without tools to repair its flintlocks. They obtained 10,000 musket balls at Rio de Janeiro, but as this was only 50 balls per musket, this supply would not have lasted more than 12 months. On top of this, by November 1788 the commander of the marines, Major Robert Ross, reported that five muskets were unserviceable and two more were with the blacksmiths who were unable to attend to them. He also reported that their stocks of cartridge paper were damaged and almost useless. As early as June 1787, Phillip had already sent a plea from Santa Cruz to Evan Nepean at the Home Office requesting that the missing ammunition be sent out with William Bligh’s ship the Bounty. Presumably this was why Phillip felt it was safe to continue the voyage beyond Cape Town. Unfortunately the missing ammunition was never sent, and by early 1789 the marines must have thought their ammunition and tools were never going to arrive. Even at full strength, the marine force of 160 privates would have been unable to both supervise the convicts and protect the settlement, particularly when the settlement needed to expand to start farming the more fertile land at Parramatta. The strength of the Aboriginal opposition was much greater than anticipated and Phillip advised England that he needed around 500 soldiers plus supervisors for the convicts. During 1788, conflict increased. This was most likely due to the fact that the British occupied large areas of tribal land and dragged fishing nets through the harbour, seriously depleting Aboriginal food supplies. In the period before the outbreak, 11 marines died or went missing, four more were permanently incapacitated and, typically, over a dozen were on the unfit list. This was out of a total strength of 212. We also need to recognise that flintlock muskets were not effective against Aboriginal weapons. They were inaccurate at moderate ranges or against moving targets. They misfired and needed reloading after every shot. They had no rear sight and only a rudimentary foresight that was obscured when a bayonet was attached. After an initial period, Sydney Aborigines were becoming used to muskets and less likely to scatter when confronted with them. In all these circumstances, with no resupply and a dire need to expand the settlement, some marines must have viewed their predicament, and therefore that of the settlement, as either untenable or on the verge of total calamity. At this point in time the release of smallpox may well have occurred as an act of military necessity. We can be confident that the spread of smallpox was authorised by senior officials because it occurred on the opposite side of the harbour from the settlement. This indicates that boats were used for smallpox deployment, which would have required official planning and sanction because any marines leaving Sydney Cove without permission were court-martialled. Aboriginal traditions tend to support this analysis. In 1820 William Charles Wentworth noted that the story of the outbreak would be re-told in traditional songs for a long time. In 2001, Dennis Foley published such a traditional account of smallpox from near Balmoral. This account, in Foley’s Repossession of Our Spirit: Traditional Owners of Northern Sydney, contains sufficient detail for it to be corroborated by modern knowledge of smallpox. The quantity and disposition of Aboriginal remains near Sydney also appears to corroborate traditional accounts. In the 18th century, the use of smallpox by British forces was not unprecedented. This tactic was promoted by Major Robert Donkin and used by General Jeffrey Amherst in 1763, when smallpox-laden blankets and a handkerchief were distributed to Native Americans from Fort Pitt near the Great Lakes. Nevertheless, we must be wary of judging the use of smallpox based on modern values and modern rules of war. At the time smallpox was released, native people outside the United Kingdom were often seen merely as goods and chattels. Smallpox was released before slavery was abolished and other social reforms were introduced and before more enlightened values and notions of justice prevailed. What is certain is that if smallpox had not been used, the history of Australia might have been very different. FURTHER READING: Journal of the Royal Australian Historical Society, June, 2008 by Craig Mear (Treaty Republic) MORE: Australian Aboriginals: Intentional Genocide by Smallpox Elizabeth A. Fenn (Treaty Republic) A Lethal weapon - Smallpox: Boston 1775 - Sydney 1789 (Treaty Republic)