#she may be the most autistic of the pack but she's also the most internet savvy

[bapydemonprincess]

Picrew used: https://picrew.me/ja/image_maker/2259682

Modern Kuro Blorbo AU

[malenkaya-glosoli]

Thinking of Oxana Malaya (PLEASE READ)

CONTENT/TRIGGER WARNING: mentions of violent current events, neglect and some ableism.

My thoughts are with the people of Ukraine after and during the terrible Russian invasion there, but I have also not forgotten this woman who is one of the most vulnerable people there.

This is Oxana Malaya. Some of you have probably heard of her before. She’s commonly known as “the Dog Girl of Ukraine” because of her famous dog-like behaviour — a nickname which she has said offends her. Oxana was born in November 1983 in the village of Novaya Blagoveshchenka. The most common version of her story, which is the version still often passed around today, goes that one night when she was three years old, her alcoholic parents forgot her outside the house and that she sought shelter with a pack of wild dogs near her house. The story continues that Oxana was found still living with the dogs five years later at age eight, unable to speak or walk and instead crawling on all fours and barking. Some accounts with fabricated and exaggerated details published in tabloids claimed that she ate raw meat and when hurt would whine the way a dog might because she literally couldn’t cry. It has even been said that at the schools and orphanages Oxana was sent to, the nurses who had a fear of dogs were afraid of her too because she sounded and behaved so much like a real dog.

Although it took several years, Oxana was rehabilitated and socialised into human behaviour. She can draw, but is unable to read or write; and she learned to speak fluently, which is a rarity for most people who go through prolonged first-language deprivation since they usually end up not being able to use correct grammar or syntax or even master either at all. Although she was taught that barking instead of speaking is socially inappropriate, her caregivers suspected that she still did bark as well as crawl on all fours when in private. Oxana now lives at the Baraboi Clinic in or near Odessa, a group home for disabled adults that has its own farm where they can do work. In 2003, when Oxana was almost 20, a Portuguese documentary crew visited her and filmed her demonstrating her former behaviour for them. The video went viral on the early 2000s internet, which is how some of you may have heard of her, but, although she ultimately recovered, the experience did cause Oxana to regress for a time. Then in 2006, when Oxana was 23, a British child psychologist, Dr. Lynn Fry, visited her to perform an assessment on her. Although Dr. Fry said that she was warned that Oxana could “fly off the handle” and was “very uncooperative and socially inept” (note: Oxana is not autistic), once she met her she was surprised at Oxana’s intelligence and development. She concluded that Oxana had the “cognitive ability” of a five or six year old and likely wouldn’t progress much further (note: I don’t believe in mental age), that she also had the drawing skills of a five or six year old child, and that she had a sophisticated enough grasp of language to understand prepositions, although she speaks “flatly, as though it’s an order” and that “there is no cadence or rhythm or music to her speech, no inflection or tone.” Dr. Fry also added that Oxana loves to be the center of attention and to make people laugh. Oxana’s doctors have said that she would be unable to survive independently. At the same time as Dr. Fry’s visit, Oxana was reunited with her father and met her younger sister for the first time. She has said that it is her life’s dream to someday find and meet her mother.

In 2012, a British anthropologist, Dr. Mary Ann Ochota (shown above with Oxana), flew to Ukraine to investigate the truth of Oxana’s story. While there, Dr. Ochota found that there were no dogs living near Oxana’s childhood house at the time she lived there, that she was taken from her parents by the state as a toddler, and that she grew up in orphanages. At that time orphanages in Ukraine often had dogs on the premises, and Oxana preferred spending time with the dogs. One of her teachers from one of the orphanages recalled that Oxana tried to bark and move like the dogs, that she seemed to be trying to genuinely communicate with them and even confide in them, and that if she got hungry while feeding the dogs she would put her face on the plate and eat the food like how a dog would. Experts believe she spent so much time with the dogs and began imitating them as a way to cope with the trauma of suddenly being placed in an unfamiliar environment. Oxana spent her teenage years in a series of schools until she finally arrived at Baraboi. As of 2013, she had a new boyfriend, although her previous boyfriend (if not the same one) broke up with her after she showed him her former behaviour. She loves taking care of the animals on the farm and has come to see herself as fully human and wants others to see her as such “in spite of her upbringing”.

Please do not forget Oxana or the other disabled people in Ukraine. They are especially vulnerable during the current situation, and it’s terrifying to think what could happen to them. I hope that luck will be on their side and that the overall situation may be resolved soon and with as little violence as possible, although that seems extremely unlikely.

AGAIN, DO NOT FORGET OXANA OR HER PEOPLE!

[impurelight]

Civil War and Autism

In high school one of my teachers said that autistic people are really good at predicting what other people will do. And she gave an example of a fire and how someone with autism can very quickly tell what everyone will do. And I never really got that example until now.

Now I freely admit that I know next to nothing about autism. But I do know there is a spectrum and that many people are on it.

Now I was browsing on youtube and I saw this movie titled along the lines of 'is Civil War the worst movie ever?' You know, one of those click bait titles. And this was the first possibly negative review I've seen of it on youtube the others were all like 'Civil War is the greatest movie ever' and 'the fight scenes were awesome'.

So this review was indeed negative. Maybe too negative. And I looked down at the comments and I saw someone saying something along the lines of 'I would hate you but it's obvious you're autistic'.

And I got really mad. And most of the other comments weren't very nice either (they weren't all bad though). This is the internet after all, people will bash things they don't like even if the point has already been made.

Later I calmed down. And you know what? That post had a grain of truth to it. So I started thinking maybe people with autism are more likely to dislike Civil War.

After all most people that I've seen that dislike it don't like how plot isn't very Civil Wary. The characters don't behave believably, the plot doesn't actually delve into some of the deeper questions (it's just another action packed superhero flick in that regard). You can also see the Verge ESP podcast on Civil War for more commentary on it.

And on the other side people that like the movie keep on talking about the action. Which may be because [it is really difficult to write a good review](post on reviews), but I believe they see the movie differently than how I do.

This conjecture explains why some people see this movie radically differently and it meshes well with everything I've learned about how autism is somehow related to feeling other people's emotions... or something.

Usually when you read a negative review I say something like: oh, that's true, but you've blown things out of proportion. In my review I wrote that the battles were just overshadowed by this nagging feeling of 'what is going on' and when I don't fully understand something I am really interested. That's why I love Inception so much.

This autism/Civil War relation makes perfect sense. Now, it's not black and white, as with anything there will be some people that are in the opposite category then you would expect. But it is one good conjecture if I do say so myself.

[brajeshupadhyay]

Amid a pandemic, lockdown and govt apathy, NGOs ensure online education addresses learning needs of disabled children

A two-acre complex in rural Mahrasthra’s Bendshil village, Sangopita is known for offering long term care to its 60 residents, who live with intellectual or physical disabilities. Equipped with a special school and vocational training centre, the facility has trained educators and medical professionals, responsible for the academic interests in addition to the functional and behavioural skills of the students.

However, in a telephonic interview with Firstpost this week, founder Ravindra Sugwekar disclosed that Sangopita has not been able to provide any educational, vocational or language services to its students since 25 March, when the national lockdown was imposed in India due to the coronavirus pandemic.

With nearly 1.26 billion children impacted by the closure of schools globally due to the rapid spread of COVID-19 , the Indian education sector too has witnessed a transformative shift to virtual learning. However, even as several institutions embark on digital platforms to cope with the disruption of traditional pedagogical methods, the glaring absence of the disabled community from mainstream conversations on education raises troubling questions over the sustainability of online academic practice.

Education goes online

While the road to virtual education has been rugged, to remedy the cracks in a seemingly exclusionary education system, several organisations working with disabled students across the country have recreated instructional programmes to provide familiar learning spaces. For instance, apart from engaging students in customised programmes pertaining to movement, gardening, and cooking, the Snehadhara Foundation in Bengaluru has organised online performances with artists, thereby giving students an experience of the spaces they aren't always allowed into.

Similarly, at Chennai-based charitable trust Mirra, the lesson plan for the day is shared with parents in advance while regular attempts to scout for subjects or tasks to undertake at home are made. “Before we began, we did a thorough analysis on various options for online sessions and chose the one that would suit the needs of the child. It was internally experimented [with] and there was no rigidity in our online options. As a result, there has been digitisation of content in terms of more videos, PowerPoint presentation,” says Lakshmi Satish, special educator and co-founder of the organisation.

For certain nonprofits, such as the National Association for the Blind (NAB), which trains visually impaired students at their own educational unit to ultimately send them to regular private and government schools, geographical and financial barriers have posed unique challenges. “We provide laptops to all our children from Class 6, whereas with the help of a screen reader, the students begin using computers Class 3 onwards. While many of our school-going children have had smooth access to online education, they sometimes have trouble paying for their internet data packs. Even though we regularly recharge their data, some of them do not have the devices required for online education, which can keep them from joining their peers,” says Prashant Verma, general secretary of NAB Delhi.

Parenting under pressure

The coronavirus crisis-induced lockdowns have corrupted the understanding of time and space for many people across the world, thereby forcing them to create some semblance of order in their lives. However, in a world where 'normalcy' is being reinvented, for children with disabilities, the pandemic has delivered a blow to their cultivated ‘routine’, which reflected in their initial response to virtual learning.

Educators say that during the lockdown, an increased number of meltdowns that sometimes manifest as self-injurious activity or just unusual behaviour has been observed by them in children with special needs. However, as nerve-wracking as the phase has been due to the unforeseen lack of physical proximity, certain organisations have been able to manage these breakdowns, while also addressing the additional burden parenting has placed on individuals with disabled children. “I believe that if you work with parents first and ensure that their anxieties aren’t passed on to the children, 50 percent of the battles are already won. Therefore, we’ve started a study circle where we meet parents once a week, pick a topic and conduct activities around it so that they feel that someone is investing in their psychosocial well-being too,” states Gitanjali Sarangan, founder of the Snehadhara Foundation. She notes that the lockdown has also allowed some parents to discuss profound issues such as sexual education and body awareness with their children.

Moreover, other innovative forms of 'parent-empowering' programmes have been in operation at organisations such as Mirra and Action for Autism. These include yoga and wellness programmes as well as modules where parents are able to participate in tasks with their child, or even daily telephonic check ins. Such practices and conversations have inculcated in parents the confidence to ably manage their child during a meltdown.

For residential establishments such as Sangopita, in the absence of parents, local caretakers living in the nearby village have been asked to shift base to the facility during the lockdown. “Since the lockdown was imposed in such a hurry, most of our parents were unable to take their kids home. Therefore, we send them pictures and let them connect with their children over the phone whenever they wish to,” says Sugwekar.

Financial woes

As India, already in the throes of a pandemic, gears up for the worst technical recession since the 1970s, the ripples are palpable in all sectors, including education and welfare. In a utopian society, non-profit organisations working towards the systemic assimilation of the marginalised should not be forced to contemplate their future in the face of financial constraints. However, in the time of the coronavirus pandemic when uncertainly has gripped all quarters, NGOs aren’t impervious to such instability.

Several organisations have committed donors, which may stand behind them in these times. However, for nonprofits which rely on an internal revenue generation system or grants from either corporates of trusts or simply individual donations from the public, the fallout from the lockdown has been especially strenuous. “Our organisation cannot run without donations at all, and in the last two months, our funds have recorded a 70 percent decline due to restricted donor visits. We are now spending out of our reserve funds to meet the daily requirements of our residents,” says Sugwekar. While the caretakers are paid regularly for their services, the teachers’ salaries have not been released.

Reflecting on the past two months, Merry Barua, founder of Action For Austism, says some parents have willingly paid for specific programmes. The organisation depends both on grants from education bodies and foundations, and on charges from parents based on their income levels. Due to the lockdown, the revenue generated from the latter has taken a hit, which has resulted in employees on the higher level of the pay scale taking a voluntary pay cut.

“The registration for the upcoming batch has also been minimal, so finances are going to be difficult. We’ve always had a payment model where we do not completely rely on autistic individuals and their families for money but also on professionals who want to learn, since we’re an organisation that offers capacity building training as well. That too has been hit as online training alone cannot compensate for the hands-on learning component."

Similarly, at the Snehadhara Foundation, the focus has been on “creating a community where every stakeholder is responsible for the wellbeing of the organisation”. To this end, parents have been refunded the amount for services which aren't being used by them.

Government response

While most organisations may have devised an ecosystem that does not involve the government at all, bodies like NAB, which used to rely both on government funding and donations, now find themselves in a bureaucratic quagmire. "We used to get 10-15 percent of our budget from the government until three years ago when we stopped receiving the grant. I have written to the prime minister so that we can at least have our dues cleared as we sometimes pay the schools as much as Rs 5,000 per child, while our services are totally free. Therefore, we're in the middle of a deep financial crisis and have implemented a 30 percent pay cut across the board," says Verma. NAB has also been unable to pay the school fees of the children enrolled in private schools since April, this year.

In a another blow to many organisations, the corporations that would typically provide financial aid via Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have diverted their donations to the PM Cares Fund. Interestingly, the Companies Act was amended to make the PM Cares Fund eligible for CSR funding. This diversion has drawn flak from activists and educators alike. "We had the Prime Minister's Relief Fund already, so what was the need for this?" asks Anita Ghai, professor at School of Human Studies, Ambedkar University. "The government calls us 'divyang' — it assumes we are divine bodies that don't require help. So much so, the heterogeneity of disabilities is also not clear to society as there's hardly any data available. We are always an afterthought for the government."

Furthermore, activists argue that disability is a state subject so the onus of the community's well-being and education lies on the state, not the NGOs. "The Right to Education makes it compulsory for the government to educate disabled children, but the NGOs [solely] are addressing the needs of such individuals and their families. And the government hasn't released any grants for such institutions during this period. This pandemic has pushed people with disabilities behind by two-three decades," says Arman Ali, executive director, National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (NCPEDP).

While the Finance Ministry may have announced a one-time ex-gratia payment of Rs 1,000 for three months (Rs 333 per month), for people with disabilities, a recent survey conducted by the NCPEDP found that 63 percent of the people interviewed had not received the financial assistance announced. Therefore, education for the community doesn't seem to rank high on the government's agenda, even as a digitised examination system seems to be in store, a move that has met with sharp criticism.

The road ahead

Financial worries aside, the upcoming months will see these institutions reopen to contact programmes. For many differently-abled children, practicing social distancing would mean unlearning everything they have been taught so far and expose them to serious discomfort. "Masks can cause a lot of sensory dysfunctionality to these children. Moreover, social distancing won’t happen because many of our students are under care for menstrual hygiene; we change diapers for some 20-year-olds. So, we are trying to factor those areas in," states Sarangan.

For Action For Autism, space might be a worry since some of their rooms may not be spacious enough to maintain safe distance for large groups. This adversity, however, would be turned into an opportunity by permanently digitising certain programmes, which would help families who otherwise travel long distances to partake in them, notes Barua.

Online education is indispensable and NGOs, with their resilience and farsightedness, have ensured children with disabilities aren't left behind. However, if the past two months have made one thing abundantly clear, it is the country's position on "inclusive education".

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[penhppapig-blog]

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Let's carry out the three significant kinds of peppa pig toy characters security. The primary need is usually that the play doh kids kids toys be nontoxic. A single question to ask is, "In which was the play doh peppa pig children toys designed?" Due to the fact the majority of the Peppa Pig em Portugues children toy currently available are derived from China it is usually tricky to know when they are nontoxic. Many of us have noticed scary accounts in regards to the goods received from China. The label may well assure us which the pig youngsters toy is made from secure all-natural resources but may we make sure?

There is absolutely no method to be a hundred percent confident that a peppa kids youngsters toys is nontoxic but we do have got a few tools we could use. Looking over the company name on the internet is 1 smart way to see if anyone has had troubles relating to that manufacturer. Take advantage of the research attribute of your own web browser (Safari, Firefox, Internet Explorer, etc.) to discover what you can find out. Fantastic search techniques are in reality easy. Think of the keywords you can expect to use to find within their order of importance. An example of a couple of excellent key phrases is: "parrot treasures," doh youngsters toys, safe practices, (brand name, exactly what the object is, plus the issue available). I applied estimate represents to share with the search engine that "parrot treasures" can be a individual key word: the manufacturer's identify. If you learn many problems in regards to the business then you have an response. No problems no less than is a part in the appropriate direction. If you realise boisterous compliment in numerous sites then you can certainly relax just a little.

Aside from the source of the product along with the firm history, we have to decide if we rely on the materials in which the peppa youngsters toy was created. Must we have natural neglected wood or will dyes be secure? Paints should be eliminated however, some chemical dyes are scored as risk-free for parrots, such as VitaCritter. Having said that-named normal wooden might have been addressed and frequently there is not any way to be assured on an brought in merchandise. Normal timber also can harbour mold or germs. When you coloring your own personal hardwood with VitaCritter then you could use isopropyl alcohol as being the bottom for any VitaCritter coloring which will eliminate the mildew and bacteria during the solid wood; it will clear any computer mouse or rat feces from your lumberyard. The alcoholic drinks evaporates swiftly and the dyed wood remains safe and secure in 24 to two days. Some forest are harmful for wild birds for example Cherry wooden. Should you be helping to make your individual Peppa Pig English kids toys be sure to examine the basic safety from the wood you are employing. A long list of woods in addition to their safety are available right here:

Some components have a very negative status. Pvc material (Polyvinyl chloride) and Vinyl fabric Peppa Pig English youngsters toys (a form of Pvc material) have hazardous compounds that could leach within your bird's beak or by way of their skin pores within their foot. Still, with regards to I will tell, not one of the lengthy-time caretakers that I know has seen any proof that vinyls trigger toxicity in parrots; this potential for threat is not famous for lengthy. The Wikipedia details head as well as other poisonous precious metals as possibly leaching from vinyls. One Avian veterinary clinic well-advised me which he obtained never noticed a challenge arising from aluminum toxicity who had not been on account of ingesting a sheet of metallic straight. Exclusively, he was talking about feather detrimental actions that arises from such toxicity but this applies with other health issues at the same time. I check out our wildlife cautiously when they are tinkering with plastic-type material peppa pig 2017 youngsters toy and investigate signs that they might be ingesting components of them. If I have any questions i then remove the Peppa Pig em Portugues youngsters toy from your play location.

Our up coming class is "clear of entanglements." Whatever that becomes donned or tattered may well be a possible danger often from ingestion (tiny components) or from entanglements, especially rope. A frayed peppa pig kids youngsters toy or perch might entrap the bird's feet. If your pet bird panics serious damage may well happen. This is also true of supplies for instance towels, sheets, and pieces of furniture with fabric connected. I had noticed both transpire. Chloe, the umbrella cockatoo after which our sanctuary was branded, chewed by means of the back of a seat (most likely over a weeks time or more of furtive chewing) then covered the material close to her neck area. It searched just as if she experienced a snake close to her neck! A very important factor which i acquired is that you must always examine your wildlife to see if they can switch. They can be prey wildlife. After I spotted Chloe I had been oblivious that she was stuck. She withstood and looked over me just as if absolutely nothing was wrong. Subsequent my rule of looking at for flexibility I went over to her and eliminated the tiny section of substance covering up her rear. That is once i discovered her scenario. Infrequently will a victim animal let you know that a thing is completely wrong. A single acquaintance of mine did not abide by this principle and supposed that her pet bird just failed to wish to turn out and participate in; she think it is nesting. Unfortunately, her pet bird died since it was unable to get water and food. It's leg was caught much back in the nest container. I are not able to stress plenty of that prey pets make-believe to get fine while they are over these predicaments; for the reason that a predator will episode a wounded or stuck prey puppy. So, whenever you are buying play doh toys youngsters toys imagine, "Can my pet bird be trapped or harmed by this peppa pig kids youngsters toy?" Attempt to envision just how the peppa pig english episodes youngsters toy might be split separate, wrapped close to, or twisted. Seeking over the internet less than "dangerous parrot peppa pig compilation youngsters toy" might help, too!

The past classification is "quickly ingested tiny areas." Purchase play doh learn colors youngsters toy of correct size. The small parts that make up some peppa pig full episodes youngsters toys must not be small enough on your bird to consume. Understand that their highly effective beaks can sometimes flip a bigger play doh ice cream kids toy into a smaller 1. Don't obtain a peppa pig play doh kids youngsters toys designed for a cockatiel on your macaw. If a Peppa pig em Portugues Brasil youngsters toys is suggested for smaller birds, never purchase it for the huge one. Safety factors are a single reason behind dimension recommendations.

In conclusion, a Peppa pig em Portugues Brasil kids toy needs to be of appropriate measurement without any ingestible parts, free of toxic compounds and also as no cost as is possible of possible entanglements. Parrots and cockatoos might have close to the intellect of the 5-12 months-classic child as well as the sentimental development of a two-year old nonetheless they have outwitted me over and over again. We must be as vigilant as being a committed mom on her behalf toddler and this vigilance must be maintained for several years. A lot of parrots and cockatoos reside for as long or beyond we do. If you think security whenever you make or acquire Peppa pig em Portugues Brasil kids toy and keep watch over them since they are actively playing, then you certainly did your very best for your feathered young children. Furthermore, watching all of them an open cardiovascular would bring amazement and ponder rear into your life. They are awesome.

If you want for additional details on helping to make play doh kids youngsters toys on your parrot, one particular superb no cost resource jobs are The Parrot Enrichment and Process publication (there are two models) that may be delivered electronically here: . The writer gives those to you free of charge. Not just can it be far better to make your own personal Peppa Pig Portugues youngsters toy additionally, it enriches your knowledge of exactly what your parrot takes pleasure in accomplishing with Peppa pig em Portugues Brasil youngsters toy. After you cause them to some thing with your personal hands it not just enhances your bird's lifestyle it enhances your own, way too.

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A two-acre complex in rural Mahrasthra’s Bendshil village, Sangopita is known for offering long term care to its 60 residents, who live with intellectual or physical disabilities. Equipped with a special school and vocational training centre, the facility has trained educators and medical professionals, responsible for the academic interests in addition to the functional and behavioural skills of the students. However, in a telephonic interview with Firstpost this week, founder Ravindra Sugwekar disclosed that Sangopita has not been able to provide any educational, vocational or language services to its students since 25 March, when the national lockdown was imposed in India due to the coronavirus pandemic. With nearly 1.26 billion children impacted by the closure of schools globally due to the rapid spread of COVID-19 , the Indian education sector too has witnessed a transformative shift to virtual learning. However, even as several institutions embark on digital platforms to cope with the disruption of traditional pedagogical methods, the glaring absence of the disabled community from mainstream conversations on education raises troubling questions over the sustainability of online academic practice. Education goes online While the road to virtual education has been rugged, to remedy the cracks in a seemingly exclusionary education system, several organisations working with disabled students across the country have recreated instructional programmes to provide familiar learning spaces. For instance, apart from engaging students in customised programmes pertaining to movement, gardening, and cooking, the Snehadhara Foundation in Bengaluru has organised online performances with artists, thereby giving students an experience of the spaces they aren't always allowed into. Similarly, at Chennai-based charitable trust Mirra, the lesson plan for the day is shared with parents in advance while regular attempts to scout for subjects or tasks to undertake at home are made. “Before we began, we did a thorough analysis on various options for online sessions and chose the one that would suit the needs of the child. It was internally experimented [with] and there was no rigidity in our online options. As a result, there has been digitisation of content in terms of more videos, PowerPoint presentation,” says Lakshmi Satish, special educator and co-founder of the organisation. For certain nonprofits, such as the National Association for the Blind (NAB), which trains visually impaired students at their own educational unit to ultimately send them to regular private and government schools, geographical and financial barriers have posed unique challenges. “We provide laptops to all our children from Class 6, whereas with the help of a screen reader, the students begin using computers Class 3 onwards. While many of our school-going children have had smooth access to online education, they sometimes have trouble paying for their internet data packs. Even though we regularly recharge their data, some of them do not have the devices required for online education, which can keep them from joining their peers,” says Prashant Verma, general secretary of NAB Delhi. Parenting under pressure The coronavirus crisis-induced lockdowns have corrupted the understanding of time and space for many people across the world, thereby forcing them to create some semblance of order in their lives. However, in a world where 'normalcy' is being reinvented, for children with disabilities, the pandemic has delivered a blow to their cultivated ‘routine’, which reflected in their initial response to virtual learning. Educators say that during the lockdown, an increased number of meltdowns that sometimes manifest as self-injurious activity or just unusual behaviour has been observed by them in children with special needs. However, as nerve-wracking as the phase has been due to the unforeseen lack of physical proximity, certain organisations have been able to manage these breakdowns, while also addressing the additional burden parenting has placed on individuals with disabled children. “I believe that if you work with parents first and ensure that their anxieties aren’t passed on to the children, 50 percent of the battles are already won. Therefore, we’ve started a study circle where we meet parents once a week, pick a topic and conduct activities around it so that they feel that someone is investing in their psychosocial well-being too,” states Gitanjali Sarangan, founder of the Snehadhara Foundation. She notes that the lockdown has also allowed some parents to discuss profound issues such as sexual education and body awareness with their children. Moreover, other innovative forms of 'parent-empowering' programmes have been in operation at organisations such as Mirra and Action for Autism. These include yoga and wellness programmes as well as modules where parents are able to participate in tasks with their child, or even daily telephonic check ins. Such practices and conversations have inculcated in parents the confidence to ably manage their child during a meltdown. For residential establishments such as Sangopita, in the absence of parents, local caretakers living in the nearby village have been asked to shift base to the facility during the lockdown. “Since the lockdown was imposed in such a hurry, most of our parents were unable to take their kids home. Therefore, we send them pictures and let them connect with their children over the phone whenever they wish to,” says Sugwekar. Financial woes As India, already in the throes of a pandemic, gears up for the worst technical recession since the 1970s, the ripples are palpable in all sectors, including education and welfare. In a utopian society, non-profit organisations working towards the systemic assimilation of the marginalised should not be forced to contemplate their future in the face of financial constraints. However, in the time of the coronavirus pandemic when uncertainly has gripped all quarters, NGOs aren’t impervious to such instability. Several organisations have committed donors, which may stand behind them in these times. However, for nonprofits which rely on an internal revenue generation system or grants from either corporates of trusts or simply individual donations from the public, the fallout from the lockdown has been especially strenuous. “Our organisation cannot run without donations at all, and in the last two months, our funds have recorded a 70 percent decline due to restricted donor visits. We are now spending out of our reserve funds to meet the daily requirements of our residents,” says Sugwekar. While the caretakers are paid regularly for their services, the teachers’ salaries have not been released. Reflecting on the past two months, Merry Barua, founder of Action For Austism, says some parents have willingly paid for specific programmes. The organisation depends both on grants from education bodies and foundations, and on charges from parents based on their income levels. Due to the lockdown, the revenue generated from the latter has taken a hit, which has resulted in employees on the higher level of the pay scale taking a voluntary pay cut. “The registration for the upcoming batch has also been minimal, so finances are going to be difficult. We’ve always had a payment model where we do not completely rely on autistic individuals and their families for money but also on professionals who want to learn, since we’re an organisation that offers capacity building training as well. That too has been hit as online training alone cannot compensate for the hands-on learning component." Similarly, at the Snehadhara Foundation, the focus has been on “creating a community where every stakeholder is responsible for the wellbeing of the organisation”. To this end, parents have been refunded the amount for services which aren't being used by them. Government response While most organisations may have devised an ecosystem that does not involve the government at all, bodies like NAB, which used to rely both on government funding and donations, now find themselves in a bureaucratic quagmire. "We used to get 10-15 percent of our budget from the government until three years ago when we stopped receiving the grant. I have written to the prime minister so that we can at least have our dues cleared as we sometimes pay the schools as much as Rs 5,000 per child, while our services are totally free. Therefore, we're in the middle of a deep financial crisis and have implemented a 30 percent pay cut across the board," says Verma. NAB has also been unable to pay the school fees of the children enrolled in private schools since April, this year. In a another blow to many organisations, the corporations that would typically provide financial aid via Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) have diverted their donations to the PM Cares Fund. Interestingly, the Companies Act was amended to make the PM Cares Fund eligible for CSR funding. This diversion has drawn flak from activists and educators alike. "We had the Prime Minister's Relief Fund already, so what was the need for this?" asks Anita Ghai, professor at School of Human Studies, Ambedkar University. "The government calls us 'divyang' — it assumes we are divine bodies that don't require help. So much so, the heterogeneity of disabilities is also not clear to society as there's hardly any data available. We are always an afterthought for the government." Furthermore, activists argue that disability is a state subject so the onus of the community's well-being and education lies on the state, not the NGOs. "The Right to Education makes it compulsory for the government to educate disabled children, but the NGOs [solely] are addressing the needs of such individuals and their families. And the government hasn't released any grants for such institutions during this period. This pandemic has pushed people with disabilities behind by two-three decades," says Arman Ali, executive director, National Centre for Promotion of Employment for Disabled People (NCPEDP). While the Finance Ministry may have announced a one-time ex-gratia payment of Rs 1,000 for three months (Rs 333 per month), for people with disabilities, a recent survey conducted by the NCPEDP found that 63 percent of the people interviewed had not received the financial assistance announced. Therefore, education for the community doesn't seem to rank high on the government's agenda, even as a digitised examination system seems to be in store, a move that has met with sharp criticism. The road ahead Financial worries aside, the upcoming months will see these institutions reopen to contact programmes. For many differently-abled children, practicing social distancing would mean unlearning everything they have been taught so far and expose them to serious discomfort. "Masks can cause a lot of sensory dysfunctionality to these children. Moreover, social distancing won’t happen because many of our students are under care for menstrual hygiene; we change diapers for some 20-year-olds. So, we are trying to factor those areas in," states Sarangan. For Action For Autism, space might be a worry since some of their rooms may not be spacious enough to maintain safe distance for large groups. This adversity, however, would be turned into an opportunity by permanently digitising certain programmes, which would help families who otherwise travel long distances to partake in them, notes Barua. Online education is indispensable and NGOs, with their resilience and farsightedness, have ensured children with disabilities aren't left behind. However, if the past two months have made one thing abundantly clear, it is the country's position on "inclusive education".

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