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Belbin Test Result

The Belbin test helped me to understand what my strength and weaknesses is while working in the team. It also stated my working preferences and my individual behavior in the team. I also got the team roles where I am lacking in the perfection but on the other hand, I get an overall idea of where I am the best in the team.

I am creative and imaginative. I can enjoy working in tough situation. I can bear tough situations and lot of pressure while working in the team. However, I sometime find difficulties while working in the team. I am not dedicated to a particular subject. I preferred to go out of the box to complete the task. I don’t bound myself to the structured working. This is my evaluation of my own report.

Here is my test result.

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The Five Stage of Team Development

Bruce Tuckman identified a five-stage development process. These stages are followed by the most teams to get highest performance in the team task. These stages are: forming, storming, norming, performing, and adjourning. Team progress through the stages is shown in the following diagram.

Forming

This is the first stage of team formation. Orientation of people and getting familiar with each other is the main purpose of this stage. Leadership and authorities have been assigned during this stage. A person who has vast experience or sound knowledge of the tasks to be perform has been appointed the charge of the team. Interactions between members are social during this stage.

Storming

This is the most difficult stage. Most of the conflicts are occur during this stage. A team get the lowest performance in this stage. If not tackle properly, the conflicts between the team result in the life-long problem. The probability of breaking down a team is the highest in this stage.

Norming

The unity in the team arises in this stage if the team successfully passed the storming stage. The development of the understanding of individual roles occurs in this stage. Overall performance of the team started going up by this stage. Everyone in the team learns to cooperate with each other while going through this stage. This stage develops a positive attitude of the team.

 Performing

Team became well-established till this stage. A team may achieve maturity, organization and well-functioning when this stage arrives. All the members start to focus on the team goals rather than individual goals. The team has problem solving approach in this stage and hence, the overall performance is at its peak in this stage.

Adjourning

In this stage, most of the teams archive their desired targets. The team is in the sum up position of the task. As the workload reduces, individual members may assigned to the other teams to perform other task or the team has been dismissed in this stage. If the team is being dismissed, a success ceremony will help the members to overcome their regrets.

Reference of Image: https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fcourses.lumenlearning.com%2Fsuny-principlesmanagement%2Fchapter%2Freading-the-five-stages-of-team-development%2F&psig=AOvVaw0xOS9lS0MpROTQgQ4ZVAyA&ust=1614700944865000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAMQjB1qFwoTCPDltvS7j-8CFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD

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Reflective Evaluation

Reflective evaluation of the group’s creative and conceptual development processes

 When we have been asked to create an artefact on the COVID-19 situation, all the group members have creative thoughts. We discussed and decided to do work which is different from other groups. Every group was supposed to work on the dark side of the pandemic, so we decided to work on the emotional effect of the pandemic on the humans.

         After deciding the topic, we held a separate meeting to show our previously done work to each other so that everyone can get the idea about strength and weaknesses of other members. That was the point from where we started thinking creatively. Instead of talking about people’s emotion, all group members were agreed to talk about their personal feelings during the COVID situation. We met again over the internet with individual story which we are going to present through the idea. The story was the concept behind our artefact which we are going to produce separately. We also discussed the options for the final artwork in which we can compile our work together.

         Concept development from the stories was another creative think of our group. Each member shared their story and told their plan to develop an artefact; what are they going to develop, what will they include, etc. with others. Then other member gave their views and ideas about the story development. We gave our input to each member to make their work more aesthetic. This move of our group helped each member to clear their concept for the artefact in my opinion. We also shared our work to each other and worked on the other member’s artefact to make it more creative. So apparently, the pictures in final artefact is the result of five creative brains. It showed us each other’s perspective on the same image.

 How it will affect my creative practice

‘Turning words into the visualization’ that is what I have learned from this interdisciplinary project. We also did work in the team. For my practice in Interior Architecture, these two things will impact in my view. Everyone has a unique approach on the project. Everyone has their own style of creativity. While working in the group, we might get some unique approaches to the problems. This approach can come from anyone, either experienced or beginner. But as a creative practitioner, we must respect each other’s opinion. When two people think about something, we always get two options. So, in future while doing my practice, I may prefer to have an opinion from my colleagues or from the person who has a vast experience in the same field. This will improve the quality of my work. I also learned how to manage group while doing the task. This will also help me to perform better in the job.

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A pandemic of memory

Since 2020, coronavirus has brought great changes to people's life. People used to face a lot of hidden dangers and problems in the design of all walks of life. What used to be public Spaces for people such as schools, supermarkets, airports, cinemas and restaurants have now become places where the coronavirus has spread. The luxury cruises that people once yearned for around the world were supposed to carry people's hopes. Now it's turned into a nightmare, with more than 3,000 people banned from landing and quarantined on boats. Airplanes are essential to getting around, but the global aviation industry has been halted by the outbreak, leaving thousands of planes on standby at airports.

Home self-isolation is the only option for people in the current environment. Now when we go out, masks are like shoes and clothes, which we must take with us. But now there is no fashion week, it is more about doctors and nurses in hospital wearing protective clothing. However, the design on the protective clothing is too monotonous. In order to facilitate the identification, doctors mostly write their name brands on the protective clothing with pens. I think those fashion designers can also add design elements to the design of protective clothing, protective glasses, masks and other convenient identification. People have been forced to stay away from restaurants, bars and other public places to cook for themselves, and portable appliances have become their first choice.

Coronavirus will eventually pass, like those historical epidemics, but it will change the way people live and the trajectory of their lives. Novel coronavirus epidemic situation below the design should not be partial or it is the reflection of stylist technology to whole industry however all-around, integral reflection. From a macro point of view, people have been on the earth for hundreds of thousands of years, and in recent decades, human technology and culture seem to have reached a peak. People have lived in a world of optimism and complacency since the war. But since the advent of the new crown, this outbreak has served as a warning. Human cannot fight against nature.

This makes me reflect on the relationship between man and nature, and whether people can firmly develop a green or even sustainable path. There may be some people who make money by harming nature for their own greed and desire. For me, as a graphic designer, low carbon design, how to minimize the harm to the natural environment in the design process, and how to include the whole life cycle of the design products in the design process, this should be the concept that we designers should reflect on and adhere to in the epidemic situation.

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Belbin Test

Belbin's team role assessment helps me to understand individual behavior tendencies in a team.Understand my strengths and weaknesses in the team and maximize my strengths in the team.

At the same time, everyone knows how each person contributes to the team; Through self-evaluation and other evaluation, the author shows his own cognition in the team and the cognition of others. We all know that everyone is different, but exactly how and how different is difficult to articulate. 

When I saw that my evaluation report was the exact opposite of another student's, like two Tetris pieces that could be canceled when they came together, I realized that our way of thinking about problems was two species, and we didn't understand each other, which was perfectly normal. The next time you have a different point of view, try to figure out if you have opposite traits and at least understand each other. After all, everyone is not perfect, but one person also has one advantage. When a group of people with different advantages forms a group, the creativity and potential of the group is infinite.

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Tuckman’s Five stages of group formation and development.

Being a part of the group develop my skills and as part of a team it will help me develop my interpersonal skills such as speaking and listening as well as team working skills such as leadership, and working with and motivating others. Being part of a study group allows me to observe different types of study methods. My own study methods might be good, but I am also able to sharpen my skills by adding new methods that my group study members are using. Using Tuckman’s five stage of group formation we as a group has learnt in whole that working with 2 brains is easy than working individually.  

This image shows the theory of Tuckman’s stages of group development

Forming to Storming

To establish clear objectives for the group at this first stage, we created team members to set personal goals so that we can see how our work will fit with the bigger picture. We also got to know one another.

Storming to Norming

Storming can make or break a team, so it's essential that we establish processes to track the progress and success of tasks. We started our concepts to flow in each other where we derived many different ideas we could implement on.

Norming to Performing

These social connections on zoom were especially important, as more of us work from home. So, we kept them up through the norming period and beyond. We decided on a particular concept and started developing that.

Performing to Adjourning

When the team settled into the performing stage, we focused on other goals and new areas to benefit our group. Since our group members are from each different course of study, we as a group had 5 different areas of focus of our minds. We explored gaming, animation, graphic designing and interior architecture designs where each of us worked on each other’s illustration to have a best of we can.

Adjourning

We are having positive experiences now after working in a group and this will make it easier if us, I believe to work with some of the same people again in the future.

It is important to remember that every team – regardless of what the team is working on – will follow these stages of team development. It is the job of the team leader to help see the team through these stages; to bring them to the point where they are working as effectively as possible toward a common goal.

As a part of the group, my team has helped me achieve the best I feel, each member of the team has given good efforts out of which I feel Berty has always kept things on track and flow with our lectures and lessons we learnt. All members Humal, Chengming and Hardik also equally contributed. Humal is really confident in talking out and suggesting new options to the team and Chengming and Hardik have really good creative skills which formed a great team. Each one of us from different courses like graphic design, animation, gaming and interior architecture broadens our learning style and skill set of creativity. Implications of work on each other’s art made our artefact more attractive and creative.

- Niddhi Soneji

References:

Five Stages of Team or Group Development. (n.d.). [online] . Available at: https://static1.squarespace.com/static/52ae6cd8e4b09af7f3cb0e53/t/55cab4dce4b06fab5e0c92ed/1439347932764/CA+TakeAway+Stages+of+Team+Development.pdf.

Challenge Applications. Stages of Team Development — Challenge Applications. [online] Available at: <https://www.challengeapplications.com/stages-of-team-development> [Accessed 15 February 2021].

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HARNAD’S CREATIVITY: METHOD OR MAGIC?

This article is written by Stevan Harnad. In this article, he starts of with different questions about creativity. What are different notions of creativity and how they are stated? Whether creativity is a trait, a state or it is defined by its products. He discusses about Pasteur’s dictum “…le hasard favorise l’esprit prepare” (“chance favours the prepared mind”).

He then discusses how it is interpreted and how creativity is related to the traits of the person or the state where the person is being creative. After that, he even discusses what is not creativity. In which all the soft skills are involved which supports the person to be creative but it is not counted as creativity in the person.

In the other segment of the article, he talks about whether the IQ is a trait of the person or it’s a state of the person in which he is more knowledgeable. This was a good example for stating that the study of creativity is complex.

In the later phase of the article, he talks about the underlying mechanisms and where he explains that there are four different mechanisms such as method, memory, magic, mutation. Where he defines different types of concepts and which concept is of which mechanism. “Creativity: Method or Magic” forces one to think about the makeup of creativity. Harnad maps out four theories (along with subcategories) that classify the underlying mechanisms of creativity: (1) method, (2) memory, (3) magic, and (4) mutation. These theories variously emphasize the role of an unconscious mind, innate constraints, analogy, aesthetics, anomalies, formal constraints, serendipity, mental analogs, heuristic strategies, improvisatory performance, and cumulative collaboration.

Harnad concludes that creativity is a phenomenon that concerns the historical state of the problem domain, the role of the unpredictable (chance), and how prepared and favored a mind is. Harnad bases such conclusion heavily on Pasteur’s dictum: “chance favors the prepared mind” and proposes that the best strategy to undertake to result in creativity is to maximize preparation (whether it be prepared to encounter a creative outcome or prepared to move on).

Reading Harnad’s article in advance of executing the interdisciplinary group project is useful in many ways, however, I would say especially in understanding that for purposes of this project copying may render itself useful in forming originality. Within this first week, we as a group have taken a look at many things which in some way that appeals to the audience. Further, we are still brainstorming our own ideas and concepts on how we may be able to extend to contribute to our works that have already been done.

- Niddhi Soneji

Reference:

HARNAD, S. (2007) Creativity: Method or Magic? [Online] Available from: http://cogprints.org/1627/1/harnad.creativity.html. [Accessed: 12 February 2021]

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Belbin Test

Belbin tests are used to identify behavioural strengths and weaknesses in an individual who basically works in groups or at workplace. Whether developing people, resolving conflict or fine-tuning high performance, Belbin Team Roles provide the details which enhances one to work and communicate and with greater understanding.

Basically, using Belbin Team Roles and tests will give you balanced teams based on behavioural contributions, self-aware individuals who can adapt their behaviours according to the situation, the right people doing the right tasks, leading to better-performing teams, depersonalised team conversations, using a common language to discuss team contributions, Informed, impartial decision-making, based on fact rather than a 'gut-feel' which may be subject to unconscious bias.

Confidence when making decisions involving people.

Here is my test result,

Belbin result set me primarily as a Co-ordinator and a Plant. Co-ordinator's are usually confident people who have an interest in others. They usually bring out the best in their colleagues. Good Co-Ordinator's understand what work needs to be done and will organize others or delegate if appropriate. Plants are unconventional in their thinking and produce imaginative and original lines of thought when the team is stuck for ideas. My major strength is being creative and being able to come up with ideas when others can't. This combination of top two Team Roles suggests me an ability to innovate and to keep people on board, organizing others without dominating them, and, at the same time, to generate new solutions. The overall working style is one of being able to navigate a way ahead, either through making the best use of others or by mapping out the path alone.

 Our tutor set us on a task after we took a Belbin test and in 15 minutes of time, we created a story board where we then had a spot presentation. This task helped us team mates to know and grasp knowledge of each other and come up with a story line. We quickly brainstormed on ideas and our decision taking was too quick, in addition all the team members contributed equally where we enhanced ourselves to another level. Our task made us work in group and created a bond where we all believed and wanted to be the best of all. Every members of the group made a line for themselves and we discussed it once in our group before presenting it. Since our topic was related to COVID 19 we presented the topic where we split ourselves to virus and normal humans, and how virus is communicating and making people fear of it, on other side how people are getting over with the virus and coming up positively.

 Our target was to create a positive impact to the audience, in terms of the virus because somewhere even we as students felt that doing this task is also when we were studying and having lecture on zoom meet, so eventually giving a positive vibe to the audience emphasis on our current situation and how to deal with our emotions.

To conclude I would say, test theories like Myers – Briggs and Belbin help us to develop our skills and knowledge and boosts up our confidence to work in teams and turns up our qualities of being a part of a group.

- Niddhi Soneji

Reference:

Belbin.com. 2021. About Belbin. [online] Available at: <https://www.belbin.com/about/> [Accessed 1 March 2021].

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Time, History, Memory In Contemporary Asian Art

The first thing that comes to mind when I think about art and memory is how we use contemporary art work to display a moment from the past or present. I personally feel very inspired and educated by these type of galleries exhibitions as “it addresses a range of issues, such as our ongoing relationship with technology, climate change, globalization, and changing attitudes toward gender and national identity”. But because of the current pandemic a lot of businesses and galleries had to shut down. It brings me great discomfort knowing such master pieces can’t be shown because of the current situation around the globe. These pieces portray craft that many of us admire as it pictures moments we didn't consider showing in such mediums of art. It captions moments that feel  surreal to us and it affects us emotionally to the degree that we feel captivated by the art piece.

This gallery in particular takes place at the “University of Kansas features 26 contemporary artists from across Asia whose work explores ideas about time, history and memory. In addition to works from the museum’s permanent collection”. This type of art work is very inspiring to me because it shows both craft and meaning. I would love to take ideas and create something similar that sends a message in regards to how we live our lives now during the pandemic.

Moving forward I would love to understand how to create similar art work and to include it into my own work. As a group we have many skilled artist that I'm sure to learn many useful skills that could potentially help me achieve my goals and ideas.

Reference: The University of Kansas. (2016). New exhibition explores time, history, memory in contemporary Asian art. [online] Available at: https://news.ku.edu/2016/11/10/new-exhibition-explores-time-history-memory-contemporary-asian-art [Accessed 1 Mar. 2021].‌

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Belbin Test

As a group we had to understand each others skills and core strengths as well as each others weaknesses. By completing the Belbin test it has given me an idea of what sort of person I am when working in a group. I would like to say its very accurate because I received the implementer role which mainly focuses on turning ideas into practical actions. The Belbin is a great tool to understand what each one of us is capable of and by doing this test we each individually we get an understanding of who should be working on what in the group. “Team Roles. Each one has plus points (the strengths) and minus points (the allowable weaknesses). It is usual to have both the strength and the allowable weakness for a particular role”.

By:Berty Robu

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Group decisions and tasks.

We are all really competent as a group, and I am sure that we will be able to finish this project without any problems. Thankfully, Niddhi agreed to take on the position of group admin and has saved us a great deal of tension and time, which has significantly aided our group's ability to keep on track. I've also suggested that the community meet, and Ted has set up a few zoom calls for us to use to discuss our project, which has been very helpful in ensuring that everyone knows the roles we each have and how we can progress.

For the first few days we have decided to set a few tasks:

· Each one come up with 3 blog posts related to Art and Memory,

· Group name Idea,

· Group logo idea

· finally, any idea for what the artefact should be.

It was important to keep track of time and delegate roles to one another as we went through the project to avoid falling behind. We may have been confused at times, but it never prevented us from supporting one another. This workflow has been extremely helpful to our group, as it has allowed us to deliver work more rapidly.

Bellow is one of the mind maps that we explored with to understand our aims for this project.

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Artwork Development

Some of the artwork I've been looking at consists mostly of 2D drawings with a message that is important to us because it reminds us of the laws that we must all obey. I believe that if our group created a gallery of images similar to the ones shown above, we might reflect our feelings during COVID-19 and how that is influencing all of us during this period.

My plan for this project is to draw a character that, in my mind, reflects my anger and emotions during the lockdown. I'm thinking of making the illustration look semi-realistic, close to the picture on the left, but with a green colour palette since COVID-19 reminds me of a virus and the biohazard symbol. The explanation for making this piece of art is that it not only portrays me as an individual, but it also has the power to help me in the future because it resembles a character artist's work.

Reference: 

Mzezewa, T. (2020). How to Disinfect Your Space on an Airplane. The New York Times. [online] 3 Mar. Available at: https://www.nytimes.com/2020/03/03/travel/how-to-clean-your-airplane-seat-and-space.html [Accessed 24 Feb. 2021].

Pinterest. (n.d.). Biohazard symbol wallpaper | Biohazard symbol, Biohazard, Black hd wallpaper. [online] Available at: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/4362930863749340/ [Accessed 24 Feb. 2021].

Vecteezy. (n.d.). Download Sick man coughing due to COVID 19 disease in pop art style for free. [online] Available at: https://www.vecteezy.com/vector-art/1254107-sick-man-coughing-due-to-covid-19-disease-in-pop-art-style [Accessed 24 Feb. 2021].

By: Berty Robu

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Reflection and Task management

As a group, we have agreed to act on making a decision on the subject we will be concentrating on after today's lesson. We were advised to select and concentrate on one particular aspect of how COVID-19 has influenced us and is influencing us based on feedback from today's session. This point was made because we were trying to figure out what each of us was capable of when we should have first concentrated on the main theme of our project and then discussed what the artefact would be.

 I've been looking at and studying how COVID-19 has affected people's feelings as a result of the lockdown. I wanted to look into it further because I've been personally influenced by it. COVID-19 has been in several lockdowns so far, and we are still in one right now, forcing many of us to work or study from home .Many of us miss out on successful interactions with people and relationships as a result of this; as university students, we hope to make new friends, which is virtually impossible in this situation. Many of us have not had the ability to interact with even our own peers, resulting in many students feeling depressed and alienated.

This subject is so critical because it affects all of us, and no matter how hard we try to communicate with one another through Zoom calls, it will never be enough. As a university student, it's hard to make real friends during this period, and because of the lockout, we can't even go to the park with our friends.

After doing some research, I discovered that there is a sizable audience clamouring for the government's attention. Several artists have produced works of art that represent and express the numerous negative effects that lockdowns and the pandemic has.

Group Artifact Idea

Illustration

We can each create an illustration in our own chosen style to represent the chosen topic

As a group we can make a piece of artwork how COVID-19 has affected us emotionally

As a group we will all focus on the same topic but each one will do their own independent work to explore and show how COVID-19 has affected us emotionally

Poster

As a group we can work on creating a poster that includes each one of our styles to represent corvids effect on our emotions because of the lockdown.

Focus

As a group w can all focus on making a piece of work that represents how we all feel during COVID-19

The artwork should consider all aspects of how COVID-19 affected us that being lonely or gaining weight. Overall, it should include meaning that we can associate with

By: Berty Robu

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How lockdown causes depression

Reference: Culture and Sport Evidence Programme What Works Centre for Wellbeing COVID-19 AND LONELINESS WHAT WORKS BRIEFING. (n.d.). [online] . Available at: https://whatworkswellbeing.org/wp-content/uploads/2020/08/COVID-LONELINESS-2020.pdf.

This article builds on the subject of how isolation plays a major role when the latest lock down rules were put in place. The article reveals facts that right before the lockdown, isolation increased and how it has only gotten worse after the lockdown. The article offers a few examples, such as being unemployed or getting a low wage, as well as several other main factors, which are why most individuals feel lonely. “As such, increased loneliness is likely to compound other impacts on our wellbeing from the health, economic and social changes that people have experienced”.

The second topic in the article that I believe will be helpful to further investigate in the group is how the government tried to assist and not succeed during the lockdown. On this subject, the article then expands and guides its reader to useful websites. The pandemic has a very big effect on society, and it creates a lonely atmosphere because more of us are stuck at home.

By: Berty Robu

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Research: How Covid affected the art Industry

In the Midst of COVID-19, Chinese Galleries Adapt and Persevere. (2020). Artsy. [online] 17 Mar. Available at: https://www.artsy.net/article/artsy-editorial-midst-covid-19-chinese-galleries-adapt-persevere [Accessed 22 Mar. 2020].

I found this article very fascinating and beneficial to our team as it focuses on a very essential aspect related to how Covid affects both multinational companies and art galleries. Because of the pandemic, the article expands on how galleries in China are affected on a large scale, more clients tend not to attend galleries yet alone visit them. The challenges and struggles of the pandemic often reflect more profoundly on the issue of life for many artists. The pandemic is affecting a lot of peoples lives to the point that it causes distress and depression.  

“It’s not only the art industry, but our entire society is facing an enormous challenge. The global economy will most likely be affected and it is still early for us to predict its consequences,” Wang said. “In the face of a matter of life and death, many artists are also reflecting deeper on the question of existence. These are the invisible but positive aspects of what is happening right now.” This quote reflects on how we must be strong to prosper and to do that we must look on the “positive aspects” of the current situation.

By: Berty Robu

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Colours are your salesman!

Every single thing matters in the design’ no matter what it is and what is its size. Colours are one of these elements whose effect often neglected by the designers. But recent studies shows that the colours do not only impact on the aesthetic view and luxury, but it also impacts on the viewer’s emotion. In the retail stores, colours can be your nonpaid employee which can help you to sell things!!

The hue and saturation of the colour, lightings, paints, etc. can encourage customer to spend more money in the store if they are used properly in the design. Apart from this, it also gives the feeling of richness. When a customer enters in the shop which has the excellent interior lighting and wall designs, customer sets his mindset to spent more than the ordinary shops. The shops which seem luxurious, the visitors are easily spend money there. That’s why the expensive item shops have vast colours in their interior through wall paints and lightings.

Cho, J. and Lee, E. (2016). Impact of Interior Colours in Retail Store Atmosphere on Consumers’ Perceived Store Luxury, Emotions, and Preference. Clothing and Textiles Research Journal, [online] 35(1), pp.33-48. Available at: https://doi-org.ezproxy.herts.ac.uk/10.1177/0887302X16675052 [Accessed 15 February 2021].

Kim, D., Hyun, H. and Park, J. (2020). The effect of interior colour on customers’ aesthetic perception, emotion, and behaviour in the luxury service. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, [online] 57, pp.102-252. Available at: https://doi-org.ezproxy.herts.ac.uk/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102252 [Accessed 15 February 2021].

https://www.freelogoservices.com/blog/2019/08/07/best-color-palette-generators/

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Architecture and ancient India

India has the rich history in the construction and architecture. Many modern architectural principles have been derived from the Indian architecture. There is the book called ‘Vaastu Shastra’ in which principles of building planning have been included. Modern principles state the rules for the building planning. Such rules were in practice in India thousand years back. The “Vaastu Shastra’ states the rules for site layout, site dimension, facing of the building etc. It also includes the rules for the orientation of the rooms, directions for the windows, arrangements of the rooms according to its purposes and many more. Each rule in the book has the scientific reasons which can make human living more pleasurable.

‘Vaastu’ not only limited to the building design principles but it is actually more than that. The ‘Vaastu Shastra’ also gives the concept of the sustainable development of the building which is ecologically neutral and self-sustained. It allows building to use maximum natural resources available which makes the building ecologically sustain. It has the significant contribution towards the development of modern principles of sustainable construction.

 Patra, R. (2009). Vaastu Shastra: Towards sustainable development. Sustainable Development, [online] 17(4), pp.244-256. Available at: https://doi-org.ezproxy.herts.ac.uk/10.1002/sd.388 [Accessed 17 February 2021].