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Yikes. I mean, congratulations Swiatek. What a performance. But YIKES.

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Henrietta Leavitt was born hearing, but later went deaf after an illness.

Happy International Women's Day!

Women are underrepresented in the fields of astronomy and physics. According to the International Astronomical Union (IAU), between 20-30% of astronomers are women. While many well-known astronomers are men, there have been numerous female astronomers in history who have made incredible discoveries, but who history has forgotten. Today we'll go over some of those women and their accomplishments.

Annie Jump Cannon (1863-1941)

Annie Jump Cannon is the woman responsible for our current stellar classification system, which organizes stars based on spectral types and temperature.

She worked at Harvard Observatory as a computer, working on the Henry Draper Catalogue, which attempted to map and classify all the stars in the sky. She was regarded as the best out of the computers, being able to accurately classify the stars incredibly quickly, up to three stars per minute.

Cannon's classification system (O, B, A, F, G, K, M) is still in use today, and separates stars into one of these spectral groups based on different characteristics of their absorption lines.

Henrietta Swan Leavitt (1868-1921)

Henrietta Leavitt is most well known for her discovery of the period-luminosity relationship of Cepheid variable stars.

Henrietta Leavitt was also a computer at Harvard Observatory in the late 1800s and early 1900s, working on cataloguing positions and luminosities of stars. In 1912, Edward Pickering published a paper with Leavitt's observations, which contained a relationship between the brightness of the Cepheid and the logarithm of the period of it.

This discovery, and the ensuing P-L relationship (sometimes known as Leavitt's Law), allowed astronomers to determine the distance to further objects. Because Cepheids are visible in nearby galaxies, astronomers were able to determine that these galaxies (or nebulae, as they were called then), were actually much further away than previously thought, leading to our current understanding of the universe and galaxies outside our own.

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin (1900-1979)

Cecilia Payne-Gaposchkin was the first astronomer to conclude that stars are primarily made of hydrogen and helium.

At the time her thesis was proposed in 1925, it was thought that the sun had a similar elemental composition as the Earth. Payne-Gaposchkin, however, had studied quantum physics, and recognized that the differences in absorption lines between different stars was due to ionization and temperature differences, not elemental differences, and that stars were primarily made of hydrogen and helium, with heavier elements making up less than two percent of stars' masses.

Her theory was met with resistance, and she even put a disclaimer in her thesis, saying the results were "almost certainly not real" in order to protect her career. She was, however, proven right within a few years, and her discovery shaped our knowledge of the composition of the universe.

Vera C. Rubin (1928-2016)

Vera Rubin is most well known for studying the rotation curves of galaxies, and finding a discrepancy that didn't align with the current understanding of physics. This discovery was used as evidence of dark matter, as proposed by Zwicky in the 1930s.

Rubin discovered that spiral galaxies didn't rotate as expected. When looking at our solar system, the outer planets orbit slower due to the inverse square nature of gravity. However, this decaying rotation curve wasn't what was found in spiral galaxies - rather, the outer edges of the galaxies were rotating at about the same speed as the inner areas.

According to Rubin's calculations, galaxies contained 5-10 times more mass than what was accounted for with visible matter. This supported the dark matter theory, and resulted in the current "anatomy" of galaxies, with the visible matter surrounded by a dark matter halo.

Jocelyn Bell (1943-present)

Jocelyn Bell discovered pulsars among a sea of data as a graduate student at Cambridge.

Pulsars (shortened from pulsating radio stars) are rapidly rotating neutron stars, which emit bursts of radiation at extremely short and consistent time intervals.

Bell discovered these, and published the findings in a paper with her thesis supervisor, Antony Hewish. in 1974, Hewish received the Nobel Prize in physics for this discovery, while Bell was omitted, due to her status as both a woman and a graduate student. In 2018, she was awarded the Breakthrough prize in Fundamental Physics for her discovery, and used the three million dollar reward to help minorities in physics.

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✨⚜️✨Stars are blinking✨⚜️✨

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[Link]

Under the "has cleared its orbital neighborhood" and "fuses hydrogen into helium" definitions, thanks to human activities Earth technically no longer qualifies as a planet but DOES count as a star.

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Close up of Pluto from the New Horizons space probe.

Will be adding several more photos to this same post

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Fuck poorly generated, unchecked subtitles in particular. How in 2025 can we have not have accurate subtitles? Especially for pre-recorded things.

And also fuck people who laugh at the subtitles while I'm watching telly. Them: haha subtitles said 'phone rings' me: well yeah. I dont the know the phone is ringing unless the subtitles tell me. Also you're talking over it and now I can't hear anything.

happy disability pride month and once again, FUCK lazy subtitles. fuck the [speaks foreign language] instead of actually transcribing the words, fuck shortening sentences and changing whats been said for no reason, fuck censoring swearing in captions but not in audio and fuck anyone who says youre being 'too sensitive' for being upset about a lack of accessibility

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🔬This scientist crafts stunning visual art through chemistry.

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Ah these children who always create problems for poor mothers....

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5 conversations Siegfried and Audrey have before they get married, plus one they have after.

Rated M. One shot.

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In Samuel West’s words: “[Siegfried and Audrey]’re sort of married already. You can tell a lot of story just by holding hands.”

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Divorce can be messy and difficult and painful. Going through it you can experience any number of things from rage to relief to regret. Sometimes all at the same time.

If someone had congratulated me on my divorce I would have burst into tears, or punched them, or high fived them, depending on the day. It's a process and not always a linear one.

The correct response is not always 'congratulations'. That makes their divorce about you. The correct response is to find out how they feel and tailor your response accordingly. Y'know, like a grown up.

I love it when women tell me they just finalized their divorce. ESPECIALLY older women. The correct response is always “congratulations” and they always seem so pleasantly surprised, they just seem to light right up and talk about how happy they are, what their plans are, how well they’re doing. I’ve only ever met like 1 person who was upset to be divorced and it was a middle-aged dude. Second most exciting is young men. A 25 year old guy says he just got divorced and you go “congratulations” and he SMILES? You KNOW there’s a story. I love it. People should get divorced more

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I know that some British people take umbrage at Americans calling the Great British Bake Off relaxing, but it's just because GBBO is such a different kind of stressful from American baking shows.

American baking shows will be called something like "Cupcake Knife Fight", there's horror movie lighting everywhere and dramatic stings every 5 seconds. All of the contestants are shit talking each other and fist fighting over the one single deep fryer provided by production. It will show the judges all whispering to each other at their super villain table overlooking the whole kitchen, and one will be like, "Oh my god. Everyone look at Brenda right now. She's straight tanking it." And it will cut to Brenda, who is running around covered in flour and crying and also bleeding for some reason. Then you get a clip from an interview with one of the contestants, and they're like, "I really need to win this. Without this award money, I'm gonna need to close my restaurant, sell my dad, and live out of my car. AGAIN." Then the giant digital doomsday clock overhead lets out a horrid klaxon, the judges tell half of them that their cupcakes taste disgusting, and one of them gets eliminated and sent to walk down the dramatically-lit shame hallway never to be seen again.

Meanwhile GBBO is in a lovely, brightly colored tent, there are delightful and friendly hosts/jesters there to keep everyone entertained, and all of the B Roll is of like... a bumblebee going into a flower, or a lamb running in a field. And yes, there will be moments where someone will mess up their timing or something, and they'll be looking at their bake through the oven door like, "oh gosh I don't think this will rise in time!" Then they stand up to find Paul Hollywood directly behind them ominously. His creepy whitewalker eyes will glow white, and he'll say something like "the 12th of June. 2035. Drowning." And his eyes will go back to normal and he'll walk away. Then the baker gives a playful grimace to the camera and says "that didnt sound great, did it?". Cut to a sweet looking older woman sipping tea on a stool and she says "oo I do hope that Prue enjoys the taste of my sugary, sticky baps!". Then, at the end, someone gets a gold star for doing good, and the loser of the episode gets in the middle of a giant group hug. You see all of them at the end of the series at a giant carnival with their families and the post credits informs you that all of the contestants have become a Partridge Family-style traveling band and stayed friends forever.

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Look, there’s just something about Siegfried in his reading glasses that’s really hot, ok? It does something to me, especially when they’ve slid down his nose a bit and he’s peering through them.