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kshme-kdrama-addict · 5 years ago

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Verb? Study: 이다 to be

Technically, 이다 is not a verb or adjective, even though it is also conjugated. It is instead a positive copula. In English, this is basically to be, am, is, are, being, was, were, been. Its definition can be ‘do something (verb)’, ‘be + adjective’, ‘be + location’ and ‘be + noun’. So, it’s almost same to 하다(do).This is also used to connect nouns to certain grammar patterns that normally require a verb or adjective. This grammar pattern cannot be used with grammar patterns that express suggestion or a command. However, without getting bogged down, let’s look at the conjugation. Like 하다, 이다 is one of the more basic forms of Korean verbs so understanding it will help with conjugating other verbs.

Present Tense

For example, if you wanted to say “I am a student”, in Korean it would be: 나는 학생이다.

But if you were to say “I am a doctor”, in Korean 나는 의사이다 or 나는 의사다 could both be considered correct.

You can conjugate 이다 differently depending on if the noun it is being attached to ends in a vowel or consonant.

Here is 이다’ s conjugation in the different levels of speech

Formal Polite: Add ~입니다 (~이 + ~ㅂ니다) to words ending in a vowel or consonant:. Ex: 저는 미국사람입니다

Informal Polite: Add ~이에요 to a word ending in a consonant, or ~예요 to a word ending in a vowel. Ex: 나는 미국사람이에요

Impolite: Add ~이야 to a word ending in a consonant, or ~(이)야 to a word ending in a vowel. Ex: 나는 미국사람이야

Past Tense

If a noun ends in a vowel, 었다 is added to the stem 이, which can be merge into 였다. However, this is not the case for nouns ending in consonants, as seen below.

Formal Polite: You should add ~이었어요 to all words. If the word ends in a vowel, ~이었어요 can contract to ~였어요. Ex: 선생님이었섭니다

Informal Polite: This conjugation is the same as above (Informal Low Respect), except for that “~요” is added to the end of ~이었 or ~였. That is, you should add ~이었어요 to all words. If the word ends in a vowel, ~이었어요 can contract to ~였어요. Ex: 선생님이었어요

Impolite: Add ~이었어 to all words. If the word ends in a vowel, ~이었어 can contract to ~였어. Ex: 선생님이었어

Conjugating Future Tense is a bit more complicated, so I will work on that later!

#language learning #korean #한걸

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korean-layout · 7 years ago

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Introduction

이름 뭐예요? ireum(i) mwo-yeyo? What is your name? (the subject marking particle is typically used, but can be dropped 이름은 팀입니다. Ireumeun Timimnida. "Name is Tim 저는 (name)입니다. jeoneun (name)imnida.I am (name).

제 이름은 민준입니다. (Je ireumeun minjunimnida.) My name is Minjun. So like this way, you can say 제 이름은 ... (Je ireumeun...) my name is, your name 입니다. (imnida.) to be. My name is Jaehwi Lee, so I can say 제 이름은 재휘입니다. (Je ireumeun jaehwiimnida.) or with my family name, I can say제 이름은 이재휘입니다. (Je ireumeun ijaehwiimnida.) So when you introduce yourself in Korean, make sure you say family name first and then your first name.

Nice to meet you 처음 뵙겠습니다 cheoeum boepgetseubnidaIt’s nice to meet you. (for the first time) 처음 cheoeumfirst, the first time Mannaseo bangabseubnida - nice to meet you 반갑습니다. bangapseumnida.Pleasure to meet you, Pleasure to see you )반가워요.' nice to meet you bangawoyo 저��요 (jeodoyo 저도요 (jeodoyo) is used just like it's English counterpart "Me too," or "Me as well." Whenever a statement is made, and the same statement holds true for the speaker, the speaker can say 저도요 (jeodoyo) to express that it holds true for him/her. 저도요 (jeodoyo) is in the standard politeness level. In the intimate politeness level it is 나도 (nado

안녕하세요. 만나서 반갑습니다. (Annyeonghaseyo. Mannaseo bangapsseumnida.) Hello it’s nice to meet you. In general like if you meet someone before you talk about your name or after you talk about your name, you can say 안녕하세요. 만나서 반갑습니다. (annyeonghaseyo. mannaseo bangapseumnida.) Hello it’s nice to meet you or if you know the other person is younger than you or you know, you just want to be a little bit more casual, you can say 안녕. 만나서 반가워. (annyeong. mannaseo bangawo.)

how old are you

naiga myeoch ieyi how old

myeoch saeng ieyi what year were you born

92nyeon saeng ieyo i was born in 92

1.몇 살이에요? (myeot sal-ieyo? 2.몇 살이��요? (myeot sal-iseyo) Standard , with honorific infix 시 (si) 3.몇 살입니까? (myeot sal-imnikka)formal a. 나이가 어떻게 되세요? (nai-ga eotteoke doeseyo?) Literally: age, how, be. This question asks how many years one has. - Polite b. 연세가 어떻게 되세요? (yeonse-ga eotteoke doeseyo?) Same as [a], however, this is an extremely respectful question, usually reserved for those who deserve the most respect and for those who are advanced in years - extremely polite question . to recite age, one can say: 저는 (#) 살입니다. (jeo-neun # sal-imnida.) When reciting age, the counter, 살 (sal) is attached to the end of a number. This counter means "years of age." And when a counter is attached to the end of these numbers (the Native Korean numbers), numbers 1 through 4 change slightly in pronunciation 하나 (hana) 하나 (hana) changes to 한 (han) when something is attached to the number. 둘 (dul) 둘 (dul) changes to 두 (du) when something is attached to the number. 셋 (set) 셋 (set) change to 세 (se) when something is attached to the number. 넷 (net) 넷 (net) changes to 네 (ne) when something is attached to the number -한 살 (han sal) - 1 year of age. -두 살 (du sal) - 2 years of age. -세 살 (se sal) - 3 years of age -열한 살 (yeolhan sal) - 11 years of age. -열두 명 (yeoldu myeong) - 12 people. -스물세 살 (seumulse sal) - 23 years of age.

스물다섯살 입니다seumul-daseotsal imnidaI'm 25 years old. 스물다섯이에요.(seumuldaseosieyo.) I am 25.' 말하고 싶지 않습니다.(malhago sipjji ansseumnida.) 'I prefer not to say.'

27살입니다. (Seumurilgop sarimnida.) I am 27 years old. The basic way to say 27 is 이십칠 (ishipchil) but when you talk about your age, for example 27 years old, you have to use native Korean numbers like in 스물일곱 살 (seumurilgop sal) 27 years old. Not 이십칠살 (ichipchilsal.) Let me pick up some numbers for example if you are 30 year old, you can say 저는 서른 살입니다. (jeoneun seoreun sarimnida.) If you are 20 years old, you can say 저는 스무 살입니다. (jeoneun seumu salimnida.)

where are you from

eoneu naraeseo oasseoyo

어느 나라 사람입니까?” (eoneu nara saram-imnikka?) “어느” (eoneu) means “which.” 나라” (nara) means “country.” What nationality are you?”

어디에서 왔습니까? eodieseo wasseumnikka. Where are you from? 미국에서 왔습니다. migugeseo wasseumnida. I'm from the U.S.A. 멕시코에서 왔습니다. meksiko-eseo wasseumnida. I'm from Mexico. 프랑스에서 왔습니다. peuranseu-eseo wasseumnida. I'm from France. 베트남에서 왔습니다. beteunam-eseo wasseumnida. I'm from Vietnam. 한국인입니다.(hanguginimnida.) 'I am Korean.' in-person 한국 사람이에요.(hanguk saramieyo.) 'I am Korean.' 저 사람은 미국인입니다. (jeo sarameun miguginimnida.) That person is American.

3. 저는 미국사람 입니다. Jeoneun migukssaram imnida. "I am American." 2. (그는) 외국사람 입니다. Oegukssaram imnida. "(He) is a foreigner." 3. 저는 미국사람 입니다. Jeoneun migukssaram imnida. "I am American." 4. 저는 한국사람 입니다. Jeoneun hangukssaram imnida. "I am Korean." 친구가 일본사람입니다. Chinguga ilbonsaramimnida. "(My) friend is Japanese." 내 친구는 중국 사람이에요.(nae chinguneun jungguk saramieyo.) My friend is Chinese. 사람(saram) and 인(in) both mean "person." But the '인' used in 한국인(hangugin) is the Sino-Korean word for "person." So you can add 사람(saram) or 인(in) after the country name to tell people where you are from.

한국 사람입니다. (Hanguk saramimnida.) I am from South Korea. 한국 사람입니다. (Hanguk saramimnida.) I am from South Korea or I am South Korean. So I will just put your country’s name instead of 한국 (hanguk) in this sentence. For example, if you are Chinese, you can say 중국 사람입니다. (jungguk saramimnida.) If you are American, you can say 미국 사람입니다. (miguk saramimnida.) 중국 (jungguk) means China and 미국 (miguk) means America and here we have 사람 (saram) means person. So it really means I am a person of Korea. I am a person of China.

where do you live 어디에 살고 있습니까? eodieseo salgo isseumnikka Where do you live? 뉴욕에 살고 있습니다. nyu-yoge salgo isseumnida. I live in New York city. 서울에 살고 있습니다. seoul-e salgo isseumnida. I live in Seoul. 도쿄에 살고 있습니다. tokyo-e salgo isseumnida. I live in Tokyo. 하노이에 살고 있습니다

서울에 살고 있습니다. (Seoure salgo itsseumnida.) I live in Seoul. So you can put any city’s name. For example, if you are living in New York City, you can say 뉴욕시에 살고 있습니다. (Nyuyoksie salgo itsseumnida.) I live in New York City.

what is your job 어떤 일을 하고 있습니까? eotteon ileul hago itsseumnikka? What do you do? 학생입니다. haksaeng-imnida I'm a student. 회사원입니다. hoisawon-imnida. I'm an office employee. 변호사입니다. byeonhosa-imnida. I'm a lawyer. 은행원입니다. eunhaengwon-imnida. I'm a bank worker 남희: 미선 씨, 어머니는 뭐 하세요? namhui: miseon ssi, eomeoni-neun mwo haseyo? Namhui: "Miseon, what does your mother do?" 남희: 아... 아버지는 뭐 하세요? namhui: a... abeoji-neun mwo haseyo?what does your father do

교사입니다. (gyosaimnida.) I am a teacher. For example, if you are a teacher, you can say 교사입니다. (gyosaimnida.) or in some way, you can also say 선생님입니다. (seonsaengnimimnida.) I am a teacher. If you are student, you can say 학생입니다. (haksaengimnida.) I am a student.

Hobbies 독서는 제 취미 중 하나입니다. (Dokseoneun je chwimi jung hanaimnida.) One of my hobbies is reading. If you like drawing you can say 그리기는 제 취미 중 하나입니다. (geurigineun je chwimi jung hanaimnida) or just to make it simple, you can say 그리기는 제 취미입니다. (geurigineun je chwimiimnida) which means that my hobby is drawing. 음악 감상을 즐깁니다. (Eumak gamsangeul jeulgimnida. ) I enjoy listening to music. 음악 감상을 (eumak gamsangeul) means listening to music or music listening literally. So you can just put something else. For me, I can say 여행을 즐깁니다. (yeohaeng-eul jeulgimnida.) I enjoy traveling.

Do you have… 펜 있어요?(pen isseoyo?) Do you have a pen? 펜 있습니까?(pen itsseumnikka?) Do you have a pen? 네, 있어요.(ne, isseoyo.) 'Yes, I have 네, 여기 있습니다.(ne, yeogi itsseumnida.) Yes, here you are.' 펜 없어요.(pen eopseoyo.) I don't have a pen 시간 없어요.(sigan eopseoyo.) I don't have time.' 모르겠어요.(moreugesseoyo.) I don't know 잘 모르겠습니다.(jal moreugetsseumnida.) I am not sure.

핸드폰이 있습니까? haendeuponi isseumnikka

네. 아이폰을 갖고 있습니다. ne aiponeul gakko isseumnikka

네. 스마트폰을 갖고 있습니다 ne seumateupon gakko isseumnikka

네. 안드로이드폰을 갖고 있습니다 ne seumateupon gakko isseumnikka

형제나 자매가 있습니까? hyeongjena jamae-ga isseumnikka lit brothers or sisters do you have siblings 여동생이 있습니다 I have a younger sister 남동생이 있습니다 I have a younger brother 형이 있습니다. I have an older brother as a boy 오빠가 있습니다 I have an older brother as a girl 누나가 있습니다. I have an older sister as a boy 언니가 있습니다. I have an older sister as a girl

Like/Dislike 단 것 좋아하십니까?(dangeot joahasimnikka? Do you like sweets 네, 좋아합니다.(ne, joahamnida.) Yes I like it.

초콜릿 좋아하세요?(chokollit joahaseyo?) Do you like chocolate?'

네, 좋아해요.(ne, joahaeyo Yes I like it.

초콜릿을 좋아하지 않아요.(chokoliseul joahaji anayo.) I don't like chocolate.'

초콜릿을 싫어해요.(chokoliseul sireohaeyo.)I hate chocolate

기다리는 것을 좋아하지 않습니다.(gidarineun geoseul joahaji ansseumnida.)

I don't like waiting. 기다리는 것을 싫어합니다.(gidarineun geoseul sireohamnida.) I hate waiting Can you say you don't like something without really saying it? In Korean, you can! Here are some indirect ways to express that you don't like something. 글쎄요(geulsseyo.) meaning "Well" and 그건 좀(geugeon jom) meaning "That's a little..." are frequently used phrases to show disapproval.

have you been to 서울에 간 적이 있습니까? seoul-e ganjeog isseumnikka have you been to seoul

네. 두 번 간 적이 있습니다 ne du beon gan jeo gi isseumnida yes, I've been there twice.

네. 한 번 간 적이 있습니다. ne han beon gan jeo gi isseumnida yes, I've been there once

아니요. 없습니다 aniyo eobsseubnida no i haven

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