#AMIE-Syllabus

[kitchen-light]

I think to me, it's an obligation of education. And I think it begins with kind of refusing to see reading as equating to celebration. And this is where I think a lot of my students, I found particularly young people, I tried to, you know, kind of revise this impulse to cancel authors, right? And I think, or take them off the syllabus. And I think, you know, if we take Whitman off the syllabus, we don't get to investigate. We don't get to investigate what's contemporaneous to Whitman, what he succeeded in, in innovating the the line. And thereby, we deny ourselves that education. We also can't see where he went wrong in his, you know, racism, his beliefs of Western expansionism, you know, and also the great trauma that he experienced as a queer person and how some of this, you know, self-rising barred, this sage was kind of like a persona in an ego mask, right?

Ocean Vuong, from Novel Dialogue Podcast: 5.1 We Have This-ness, Y’all! Ocean Vuong and Amy E. Elkins, published April 6, 2023

[yessadirichards]

What to stream this week: 'Young Sheldon,' Amy Schumer, 'Oppenheimer' and lots and lots of JLo

Christopher Nolan's “Oppenheimer” arriving on Peacock and a documentary and album from Jennifer Lopez are some of the new television, movies, music and games headed to a device near you.

Also among the streaming offerings worth your time as selected by The Associated Press’ entertainment journalists: “Young Sheldon” returning for its seventh and final season, Dr. Henry Louis Gates Jr. exploring the power of gospel in a two-part PBS documentary and Ubisoft’s Skull and Bones pirate-themed video game.

— If you were holding out for “Oppenheimer” on streaming, now’s your chance to catch up before the Oscars (March 10), where it’s up for 13 awards including best picture, best director for Christopher Nolan and best actor for Cillian Murphy. The film arrives on Peacock on Friday, Feb. 16. Nolan and Emma Thomas, his producer and wife, are passionate advocates of the big screen experience, but they also know that most people will watch their films in the home — sometimes even as their first time. It’s how both discovered some of their favorites as well, they’ve said. In an interview with The Associated Press, Thomas added, “The nice thing about Chris’ films is because they are so very rich and reward multiple viewings, I think that they’re perfectly pitched for home viewings.”

— Jennifer Lopez has a new movie coming to Prime Video on Feb. 16. She co-wrote “This is Me…Now: A Love Story,” a movie musical about finding love which she called “the most personal thing I’ve ever done.” It is a star-studded endeavor, with appearances from her husband, Ben Affleck, Keke Palmer, Sofia Vergara, Post Malone and more, and ties in with her first studio album in a decade (see below). Also coming to Prime Video is Emma Seligman’s “gay high school fight club” comedy “Bottoms,” starring Rachel Sennott and Ayo Edebiri as a few misfits who start a fight club to flirt with the hot cheerleaders (Kaia Gerber and Havana Rose Liu). In his review, AP Film Writer Jake Coyle wrote that, “The rites and rituals of the raunchy high-school comedy can be as prescribed as a class syllabus. But what makes Emma Seligman’s “Bottoms” such an anarchic thrill is how much it couldn’t care less.”

— And finally, Taika Waititi’s “Next Goal Wins” arrives on Hulu on Thursday. It’s based on the real story of the American Samoa men’s soccer team quest to qualify for the FIFA World Cup after an historic loss (31-nill) against Australia. Michael Fassbender plays the coach who tries to help. In his AP review, Mark Kennedy wrote that “’Next Goal Wins’ is most winning in the way it handles the team’s star player, Jaiyah Saelua, who became the first nonbinary player to compete in a men’s FIFA qualifier. Played with real tenderness and joy by nonbinary actor Kaimana, the way the team and coach relate to Saelua is genuine and touching."

— AP Film Writer Lindsey Bahr

— Get ready for a second dose of J.Lo. On Friday, Feb. 16, she drops the Amazon original film “This is Me… Now: A Love Story” (see above) as well as her “This Is Me… Now” album. The 13-track set’s song titles include “To Be Yours,” “Mad in Love,” “Greatest Love Story Never Told” and “Dear Ben Pt. II,” a seeming sequel to a track on her 2002 album “This Is Me … Then.” The video for one new pop single, “Can’t Get Enough,” has as much JLo strutting as all of Paris Fashion Week. Lopez’s last album, “A.K.A.,” came out in 2014 and reached No. 8 on the Billboard 200.

— Blackberry Smoke — a Georgia-based band that has been together for 24 years and seven studio albums — makes a strong return with “Be Right Here,” blending blues, Southern rock and Americana. The album contains the arena country “Hammer and the Nail,” the rocking “Little Bit Crazy” and the driving, bluesy “Dig a Hole.” The band goes more acoustic with the wistful “Azalea,” about a loved one making a wrong decision, with the lyrics “Coming back don’t mean you're leaving here was wrong/Sorry ain’t the same as moving on.”

— AP Entertainment Writer Mark Kennedy

— In a new docuseries for PBS, Dr. Henry Louis Gates Jr. examines how sermon and song have long been a source of strength and wisdom in America, particularly among Black Americans. “Gospel,” a four-part series told over two nights has interviews with Dionne Warwick, U.S. Senator Raphael Warnock and more. “Gospel” airs Monday Tuesday on PBS.

— Ben Mendelsohn and Juliette Binoche play Christian Dior and Coco Chanel in a new historical drama “The New Look” for Apple TV+. The 10-episode series is set against the backdrop of Paris reemerging from Nazi occupation in WWII. Dior’s designs helped to lift an oppressed France and its culture with a stylish, modern glow up. As Dior rose to prominence, a rivalry developed between other established designers, including Chanel. “The New Look” also stars Maisie Williams, John Malkovich, Emily Mortimer and Glenn Close. The first three episodes of “The New Look” drop Wednesday on the streamer.

— Before Sheldon Cooper met Leonard, Penny or Amy he was a child prodigy growing up in east Texas. Iain Armitage plays the coming-of-age version of the character in the CBS comedy “Young Sheldon.” Emmy winner Jim Parsons who played Sheldon on “Big Bang” for 12 seasons, narrates. “Young Sheldon” returns for its seventh and final season on Thursday.

— Amy Schumer’s Hulu dramedy “Life & Beth” charmed viewers when it debuted in 2022 and the series returns for a second season on Friday, Feb. 16. Schumer writes, directs and stars as Beth opposite Michael Cera, who plays John, a farmer. The two fell in love in season one despite their differences and personal baggage. Now, the couple is planning to marry. Schumer has said the story is semi-autobiographical, inspired by her real-life marriage to chef Chris Fischer. All 10 episodes of season two will be available on the premiere date.

— Alicia Rancilio

— Batten down the hatches: Ubisoft’s Skull and Bones is finally ready to launch after more than a decade of development and delays. You are the captain of a pirate vessel in the Indian Ocean in the 18th century. You have a decent ship to start with, but if you want to make it really deadly you need to start collecting booty. That means pillaging merchant ships, battling rival scalawags, dodging the authorities and even surviving the occasional sea monster on your way to becoming the Pirate Kingpin. You can team up with friends or fight against them in epic naval warfare — something Ubisoft has shown a flair for in some of its Assassin’s Creed games. Set sail Friday, Feb. 16, on PlayStation 5, Xbox X/S or PC.

— Focus Entertainment’s Banishers: Ghosts of New Eden travels to the New World in the 17th century. The protagonists are a couple of paranormal investigators, Red and Antea, who are trying to clear the tormented wraiths out of a haunted settlement. They can help the lost souls ascend or banish them to eternal misery, and those choices have consequences down the line. It all gets more complicated when Antea gets killed — but fortunately she can use her supernatural powers to help Red finish the job. Banishers comes from the French studio Don’t Nod, best known for story-heavy cult favorites like Vampyr and Life Is Strange. You can take possession Tuesday on PlayStation 5, Xbox X/S or PC.

— Lou Kesten

[classami]

Best Govt Exam App: Top Choices for Government Job Aspirants

Preparing for government exams requires the right study materials, structured practice, and effective time management. With the rise of mobile learning, having the best govt exam app on your smartphone can be a game-changer. In this article, we will explore the top government exam preparation apps that provide comprehensive learning resources, mock tests, and expert guidance to help you succeed.

Why Use a Govt Exam App?

Government job exams like UPSC, SSC, Banking, Railways, and State PSC require a strategic approach. A well-designed govt exam app offers:

Daily Current Affairs & GK Updates

Mock Tests & Previous Year Papers

Live Classes & Video Lectures

Personalized Study Plans

Offline Access to Study Materials

Now, let’s explore the best government exam apps available in India.

1. Testbook – Exam Preparation App

Best for: SSC, Banking, Railways, State PSC, Defence

Features:

Mock tests for 200+ government exams

Video lessons & live coaching

Daily quizzes & current affairs

Exam strategy & mentorship

Why Choose Testbook?

Testbook offers affordable test series and quality study materials, making it one of the best apps for government job preparation.

2. Gradeup (BYJU’S Exam Prep)

Best for: UPSC, Banking, SSC, Defence, Teaching Exams

Features:

Live classes by expert faculty

Free quizzes & previous year papers

Comprehensive notes & PDFs

Performance analysis & AI-based suggestions

Why Choose Gradeup?

It provides a structured approach to government exam preparation, ensuring complete syllabus coverage.

3. Adda247

Best for: Banking, SSC, Railways, Defence, Teaching Exams

Features:

Bilingual study material (English & Hindi)

E-books & video lectures

Free daily quizzes & mock tests

24/7 doubt-solving sessions

Why Choose Adda247?

It’s one of the best apps for banking exams and SSC, offering real exam-like test series.

4. Unacademy

Best for: UPSC, SSC, Banking, Railways, NEET, JEE

Features:

Live interactive classes by top educators

Unlimited access to courses & PDFs

Personalized doubt clearing sessions

Exam-specific study plans

Why Choose Unacademy?

Its interactive learning experience and structured courses make it a top choice for serious aspirants.

5. Oliveboard

Best for: Banking, SSC, Railways, Insurance, MBA Exams

Features:

AI-driven performance analysis

Sectional & full-length mock tests

Personalized study plans

Live doubt-solving sessions

Why Choose Oliveboard?

It’s ideal for adaptive learning, helping aspirants improve their weak areas.

Which Govt Exam App is Best for You?

Exam TypeRecommended AppUPSCUnacademy, GradeupSSCTestbook, Adda247BankingOliveboard, Adda247RailwaysTestbook, GradeupDefenceAdda247, Testbook

Conclusion

Choosing the best govt exam app depends on the exam you’re preparing for and your learning style. Apps like Testbook, Gradeup, Adda247, Unacademy, and Oliveboard provide top-quality study materials, test series, and expert guidance to boost your chances of success.

Download the CLASS AMI app today and start your journey towards a government job!

[samatasonar]

GATE Physics Eligibility 2025: A Comprehensive Guide

GATE is a very prestigious test which opens gates to postgraduation studies and job opportunities in many public sector undertakings. Therefore, a successful application from aspirants' end is based on the eligibility criteria for GATE physics 2025. Let's go through GATE physics eligibility criteria for 2025 to help you gear up with great preparation for this fantastic jump in the respective areas of academic and professional life. 

Know About GATE and Its Importance 

GATE is a collaborative initiative taken by the IITs and IISc to test the knowledge and reasoning skills of the applicant on various engineering and science subjects. In addition to getting candidates admitted to various postgraduate courses conducted by well-established institutes, an important virtue of the GATE exam is that it also acts as a pass key for recruitment into other public sector companies. Therefore, applicants who want a career in these streams must satisfy the eligibility criteria. 

GATE Physics Eligibility Criteria 2025 

For eligibility in GATE 2025, candidates are required to accomplish following particular education criteria and other necessities.  

Here is detailed break in GATE physics eligibility criteria: 

1. Qualification: 

Candidates must have completed or be currently enrolled in their third year or above undergraduate degree program in Physics, Engineering, Technology or any similar discipline. 

- Those with a Bachelor's degree in any field of study minimum period of three years. 

- Those with degrees from recognized universities or institutions such as B.Sc., B.A. equivalents. 

2. Age 

- Like other tests JEE, there is no age barrier for attempting GATE 2025. This means that any student across all age groups can attempt the test. 

3. Nationality: 

- Candidates from India as well as foreign nationals who satisfy the eligibility criteria referred in the conducting body are eligible to apply for GATE 2025. 

4. Society Exams: 

Candidates who have passed examinations conducted by professional societies such as AMIE which have been recognized as being equivalent to B.E./B.Tech./B.Arch. can also apply. 

Application Form 

The GATE 2025 registration process was opened on August 28, 2024 and continues until October 3, 2024, without late fee. Applicants must ensure that they get their applications right since wrong applications would lead to disqualification. 

Preparation of GATE Physics 

Now that you have confirmed your eligibility under the above criteria, the next step is to prepare for the exam itself. The following tips help do so: 

- Familiarize yourself with the GATE Physics syllabus, which covers classical mechanics, electromagnetism, quantum mechanics, and statistical mechanics. 

- Use textbooks and online courses along with previous years question papers to build up your foundation. 

- Practice Regularly: Regular practice through mock tests will help you manage time effectively during the actual exam. 

- Join Study Groups: Collaboration with peers can enhance your understanding of complex topics and provide moral support. 

Conclusion 

Anyone desiring further studies or careers in physics or similar fields must be aware of the GATE physics eligibility. Qualifying for GATE physics eligibility puts you in an excellent position within this highly competitive examination. Stay abreast of all the requirements and adequately prepare to achieve your academic goals.    Must read blog for you:  

Top 7 Career Opportunities After GATE Exam 

GATE Exam 2025: Registration Opens Aug 24, Exam Date, Syllabus, Pattern & Question Papers 

Comparing IIT JAM and GATE: Which One Is Right for You? 

Purpose and Benefits of the GATE Exam: Unlocking Opportunities in Engineering 

What is the Purpose of the GATE Exam? A Complete Overview 

GATE 2025 Preparation Strategy, Tricks, and Strategies to Ace the Exam 

How To Crack GATE Exam: Essential Strategies for First-Time Success 

[iasaim]

Corridors

When Amy turned the corner, she knew exactly where she was. Headed toward the Performing Arts Center on the third floor. Directly below her was the History Department and below that was the Computer Science wing. It was unusually large for a community college, and the particular building she was in sprawled out over nearly a third of the campus. Even still, there were only so many hallways to travel down before you hit a dead-end or came full circle back to where you’d started. She was searching for the office of the modern dance instructor to get the syllabus for the class she’d just enrolled in.  This was after dropping out of an economics course, much to the dismay of her parents. The place where the office was supposed to be located wound up being a lounge area with a few chairs, a small circular table, and a pair of vending machines. She doubled back, or at least thought that she had, but the corridors didn’t look like the ones she’d come from. The walls had all been white, but now contained different colors for each hall, shifting from red, to blue, to green, to yellow. Patterns on the carpeting had changed as well, from a series of beige geometric shapes in various configurations set against a gray background, to jumbles of unrecognizable forms that skewed off at odd angles. Looking at them made Amy disoriented and dizzy and she had to force herself to keep from glancing down. More colors filled her vision as she desperately searched for something familiar.  Walls of pink, orange, and teal transitioned into nauseating hues that summoned unbidden images of bile, vomit, pus, and the mottled purple bruising of a cadaver Amy had seen on a true crime television show. She turned another corner and the corridor ahead was solid black from top to bottom. It was like staring into the interior of a black hole. A realm where all traces of illumination beyond its borders had been obliterated. Amy turned to head back the way she’d came, but there was now nothing behind her except a blank wall. The only place to go was forward through that obsidian void. Marching into the darkened maw of a terrible creature that was patiently waiting to swallow her whole.

[ayearwithoutwater]

Twenty.

This past June, Nymphia Wind—winner of the most recent season of MTV’s RuPaul’s Drag Race—was interviewed by Joel Kim Booster for Gay Times. In their conversation, they discuss the trappings of being celebrities of Asian descent in the West, such as dating while Asian. Nymphia is succinct in her summation of the accompanying discourse: “Being Asian, you have to realize that you are…a type.”

It’s for similar reasons why I’ve come to disdain the “Gaysian” label. A portmanteau of “gay” and “Asian,” it’s a term I know to be broadly applied to any and all non-heterosexual people of (East) Asian descent. I don’t accept the necessity of the label, but I do begrudgingly accept that the label may be applied to me by people who know me only by my phenotype. However, let it be known: I may be gay, I may be Asian, but I am not a “Gaysian.” I am not a type.

This is manifested partly due to a disdain for "rice queens," as Nymphia and Joel call them. It is true that there is a subset of men who are not of Asian descent themselves but exclusively seek out Asian partners, and I've more or less spent the entirety of my dating career avoiding them. Being fetishized makes me uncomfortable.

I’ve often wondered whether this hyper-awareness is a problem of my own creation. In college, under the umbrella topics of scientific racism and capitalism, I sought to mold my undergraduate thesis as a rumination on the limitations imposed by such systems upon individual agency. I devised and read my own syllabus, seeking to put my assertions into conversation with Amy Tan, Franz Kafka, and Edward Said. Throughout this process, I ran into one singular idea, expressed by innumerable luminaries, over and over again: otherness. To be othered is to be ostracized; to be othered is to be misunderstood.

I understand why these classifications exist. I can even find use for social stratification, to convey information about groups of people strung together by even the flimsiest of commonalities, hopefully for a noble purpose. Nonetheless, when it comes to dating in particular, I resent being defined by my identity. I want to be wanted for who I am, not what I am. I know that this is a common complaint shared by many, and not just by those who look like me. It's not a novel concept.

Somewhat ironically, I realized that I was doing it too. When I tried using Hinge and other apps of the sort, I thought it would make dating easier if I gravitated primarily towards the men of my demographic. I assumed that our similar backgrounds would make for fertile common ground, shared experiences from which we might have drawn corresponding conclusions that would be precursory to having real chemistry between us. Although I didn't entirely write off going on dates with non-Asian men, the ones I did end up dating longer term were (not so) coincidentally of Asian descent: Malay Singaporean, Filipino American, Korean American, etc. None of them were rice queens and, for the most part, it sort of worked. I felt understood at a baseline level, and any real problems that did appear throughout those relationships came as a result of deeper-rooted issues.

I did wonder whether I precluded non-Asian partners out of fear that they would fetishize me just because they did not share my cultural background, but I did go on dates with them, too—I was willing to be an equal opportunist when it came to finding a partner. I thought that I needed to come to terms with the very real possibility that the love of my life may not be of Asian descent. Statistically speaking, it’s not an implausible outcome. I’m a resident of New York, a city not infamous for its lack of racial diversity, and it would be unrealistic to assume that I would never in my life date someone outside of my own demographic checkbox…unless I were actively preempting that possibility. So, I did it. I met some nice people, too, but those didn't work out either.

Somewhere along the way, when I interrogated my motives to determine the genesis of my fear of being misunderstood, I pinpointed an argument I’d had with Jun, my third boyfriend, during which he’d derided me for being “too Asian." In the three years that I gave him, he thought that I didn't show him enough affection, like a stereotypical Asian partner. Himself being of mixed White and Asian heritage, Jun was, in comparison, the “better” Asian, the enlightened one who gave away love for free because he supposedly wasn’t held back by the same assumptions that stunted me. 

In contrast, Henry, my fourth boyfriend and the man that succeeded Jun, never had that complaint. Although I was born in North America and Henry was born in Asia, we at least had in common the ways in which we were affectionate. We never overly gushed about each other, but we never felt the need to do so because it was a truth universally comprehended. Like Jun, Henry was also of mixed White and Asian heritage, but I thought he understood me better than Jun ever did, and I accredited that to him being more ���Asian” by virtue of having spent most of his life on that side of the world, amongst the people there. I thought I related to him more because I’d spent half of my upbringing there, too.

In the aftermath of my breakup with Henry, I realized that I mainly searched for Asian partners because I wanted to avoid the same dust-ups that I’d had with Jun. I wanted the same easygoing partnership that I thought I’d had with Henry because it had felt more natural to me in comparison. I realized that I, like so many others, had allowed the trauma of my (very ugly) breakups seep into my subsequent relationships; I had felt that those relationships ended because I was misunderstood, because the men didn’t know me for who I truly am. Yet, while I attempted to circumvent being defined by my identity, being wanted because I was a type, I projected an assumption onto these other men: that they could not know me because they were not like me. But, in truth, my relationship with Henry had ended because I thought that he too echoed the stereotype of Asian men being unable, or unwilling, to express their emotional self. Disagreements with him often came about because I begged us to communicate better. Perhaps I was simply too American.

There's no happy ending here. Maybe I was too preoccupied with identity; love is as fickle as it is elusive, and all the more so when it is subject to all sorts of qualifiers. Thus, when my year without water came to a close, I found myself in a roundabout way starting back at square one: at a gay club watching Nymphia Wind perform, and catching a glimpse of Henry amongst the crowd of gay Asian men. If he saw me, I never knew—I pretended not to see him.

[argroupofedu5]

Best Medical Universities: The Premier Choice for MBBS in Kyrgyzstan

MBBS in Kyrgyzstan: An Diagram

Seeking an MBBS (Bachelor of Medicine, Bachelor of Surgery) in Kyrgyzstan has ended up an progressively well known choice for universal students, particularly from nations like India, Pakistan, and Nepal. The combination of reasonable tuition expenses, high-quality education, and the chance to encounter a different culture makes Kyrgyzstan an alluring goal for medical aspirants.

Why Study MBBS in Kyrgyzstan?

Affordable Education:

One of the essential reasons students elect Kyrgyzstan is the cost-effective nature of medical education. Compared to nations just like the United States, the United Kingdom, or indeed India, the tuition fees in Kyrgyzstan are altogether lower. This makes it accessible for students from middle-class foundations who might discover it challenging to bear education in more expensive countries.

Quality of Education:

Medical universities in Kyrgyzstan offer a tall standard of education. Many of these universities are recognized by worldwide medical bodies such as the World Health Organization (WHO) and are listed within the World Directory of Medical Schools. The curriculum is planned to be comprehensive and up-to-date with current medical practices.

English-Medium Instruction:

For worldwide students, language can be a boundary. In any case, many medical universities in Kyrgyzstan offer courses in English, making it easier for students from non-Russian speaking nations to take after the syllabus without the added pressure of learning a new language.

Streamlined Admission Process:

The admission process for MBBS in Kyrgyzstan is generally clear. Not at all like a few nations where entrance exams are obligatory, numerous Kyrgyz universities offer admission based on the student's tall school execution, particularly in subjects like Science, Chemistry, and Physics.

Assorted Social Encounter:

Considering Kyrgyzstan gives an opportunity to encounter a modern culture and way of life. The nation is known for its picturesque magnificence, wealthy history, and affable individuals. This worldwide presentation can be improving for understudies, both actually and professionally.

MBBS Expenses in Kyrgyzstan

The fetch of studying MBBS in Kyrgyzstan shifts depending on the college. However, on average, the tuition expenses run between USD 3,000 to USD 5,000 per year. Once you add living costs, the entire yearly toll can come to roughly USD 5,000 to USD 7,000. This is generally reasonable compared to the cost of medical education in Western nations.

Best Medical Colleges in Kyrgyzstan

A few medical colleges in Kyrgyzstan are eminent for their instructive measures and offices. Here are a few of the leading:

Kyrgyz State Medical Academy (KSMA):

KSMA is one of the most seasoned and most prestigious medical universities in Kyrgyzstan. Established in 1939, it is known for its amazing staff, modern infrastructure, and comprehensive curriculum. KSMA is recognized by WHO and the Medical Council of India (MCI).

Osh State University (OSU):

Osh State University is another popular choice among worldwide students. The Workforce of Medicine at OSU offers a strong MBBS program with English as the medium of instruction. The college is additionally recognized by universal medical bodies and provides a multicultural environment for students.

Jalal-Abad State University (JASU):

Jalal-Abad State University offers a well-structured MBBS program. The university emphasises viable preparing and clinical exposure, which are crucial for medical students. JASU is additionally known for its affordable educational cost fees.

International School of Medicine (ISM):

ISM is part of the International University of Kyrgyzstan and offers medical programs specifically planned for universal students. The school has modern offices and an updated curriculum that meets worldwide standards.

Asian Medical Institute (AMI):

AMI may be a generally newer institution but has rapidly gained popularity due to its quality education and affordable fees. The institute offers an MBBS program in English and has a different student body from various nations.

Medical Colleges in Kyrgyzstan for Indian Students

Indian students frame a critical extent of the international understudy community in Kyrgyzstan. The components that pull in Indian students incorporate the reasonable expenses, the acknowledgment of degrees by the MCI, and the accessibility of Indian nourishment and social communities.

Popular Colleges Among Indian Students:

Kyrgyz State Medical Academy (KSMA)

Osh State University (OSU)

Jalal-Abad State University (JASU)

Worldwide School of Medication (ISM)

Asian Medical Organized (AMI)

MBBS Admission in Kyrgyzstan

Qualification Criteria:

To apply for an MBBS program in Kyrgyzstan, students typically need to fulfill the following criteria:

Educational Qualifications: Completion of higher secondary education (10+2) with a minimum of 50% marks in Physics, Chemistry, and Science.

Age: The student must be at least 17 years ancient by the 31st of December of the admission year.

NEET Capability: Indian understudies must qualify for the National Qualification cum Entrance Test (NEET).

Affirmation Handle:

Application Shape: Fill out the application frame available on the university's site or through authorised educational consultants.

Archive Accommodation: Submit the specified archives, including scholastic transcripts, visa copies, NEET scorecard (for Indian students), and other relevant certificates.

Admission Letter: Upon successful evaluation of the application, the college will issue an admission letter.

Visa Process: Apply for a student visa at the closest Kyrgyzstan embassy or office. The confirmation letter, passport, and other required reports must be submitted for visa processing.

Travel Arrangements: Once the visa is granted, make travel arrangements to Kyrgyzstan. Guarantee to educate the university about your entry details.

Documents Required:

Visa (valid for at least 18 months)

10th and 12th-grade mark sheets and certificates

Birth certificate

Passport-sized photos

NEET scorecard

Admission letter from the university

Medical certificate (HIV test and COVID-19 test results)

Valid student visa

Conclusion

MBBS in Kyrgyzstan offers an amazing opportunity for students seeking quality medical education at an affordable cost. The country's medical universities are well-equipped, recognized globally, and offer programs in English, making it a reasonable choice for worldwide students. With simplified admission procedures and the chance to experience an unused culture, MBBS in Kyrgyzstan stands out as a promising destination for medical aspirants.

As the request for medical experts proceeds to develop around the world, getting an MBBS degree from Kyrgyzstan can clear the way for a fruitful career in pharmaceuticals. Whether it's the reasonable expenses, the quality of instruction, or the multicultural involvement, Kyrgyzstan has much to offer to yearning restorative understudies from around the globe.

[kitchen-light]

And that takes a lot of time and rigorous discussion. And it can't happen if we just, you know, remove ourselves from the conversation. That might feel powerful at first as an act. I won't have so and so on my syllabus. But in the long run, we really just surrendered our agency and given the field back to the more dominant discourses.

Ocean Vuong, from Novel Dialogue Podcast: 5.1 We Have This-ness, Y’all! Ocean Vuong and Amy E. Elkins, published April 6, 2023

[classami]

Free Mock Test Apps: Boost Your Exam Prep with These Top-Rated Options

Are you preparing for a competitive exam and looking for a reliable way to assess your knowledge and skills? Look no further! Free mock test apps are an excellent resource to help you evaluate your performance, identify areas of improvement, and boost your confidence. In this article, we’ll explore the benefits of using free mock test apps and highlight some of the top-rated options available.

Benefits of Free Mock Test Apps

Improved assessment: Free mock test apps provide you with a realistic assessment of your knowledge and skills, helping you identify areas where you need to focus your studies.

Personalized feedback: Many free mock test apps offer personalized feedback and analysis, providing you with insights into your strengths and weaknesses.

Time management: Mock tests help you practice time management, ensuring you can complete the exam within the allotted time frame.

Reduced anxiety: By taking mock tests, you’ll become more familiar with the exam format and content, reducing your anxiety and stress levels.

Access to quality study materials: Many free mock test apps provide access to quality study materials, including video lessons, practice questions, and study guides.

Top-Rated Free Mock Test Apps

Unacademy: Unacademy is a popular learning platform that offers free mock tests for various competitive exams, including UPSC, SSC, and banking exams.

Testbook: Testbook is a well-known online test preparation platform that provides free mock tests for exams like SSC, banking, and railways.

Oliveboard: Oliveboard is a free mock test app that offers practice tests for various competitive exams, including banking, SSC, and insurance exams.

CLASS AMI: Class Ami is a learning platform that provides free mock tests for exams like UPSC, SSC, and banking exams.

Embibe: Embibe is a free mock test app that offers personalized feedback and analysis for exams like JEE, NEET, and banking exams.

Features to Look for in a Free Mock Test App

Realistic exam simulation: Look for apps that provide realistic exam simulations, including timers and similar question formats.

Personalized feedback: Choose apps that offer personalized feedback and analysis to help you improve your performance.

Access to quality study materials: Opt for apps that provide access to quality study materials, including video lessons, practice questions, and study guides.

User-friendly interface: Select apps with user-friendly interfaces that are easy to navigate and use.

Regular updates: Look for apps that regularly update their content and question banks to reflect changes in the exam format and syllabus.

Conclusion

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[kiki-de-la-petite-flaque]

Louise

Glück

b. 1943

The Nobel-winning poet was pitiless to herself, yet fiercely generous toward her students.

By Amy X. Wang The New York Times

She stood barely five feet tall — slight, unassuming, you had to stoop low to kiss her cheek — but whenever Louise Glück stepped into a classroom, she shot a current through it. Students stiffened their spines, though what they feared was not wrath but her searing rigor: Even in her late 70s, after she won the Pulitzer and the National Humanities Medal and the Nobel, she always spoke to young writers with complete seriousness, as if they were her equals. “My first poem, she ripped apart,” says Sun Paik, who took Glück’s poetry class as a Stanford undergraduate. “She’s the first person whom I ever received such a brutal critique from.” Mark Doty, a National Book Award-winning poet who studied under Glück in the 1970s at Goddard College, felt that she “represented total authenticity and complete honesty.” This, he recalls, “pretty much scared me half to death.”

Spare, merciless, laser-precise: Glück’s signature style as a writer. It was there from an early age. Born in 1943 to a New York family of tactile pragmatists (her father helped invent the X-Acto knife), Glück, a preternaturally self-competitive child, was constantly trying to whittle away at her own perceived shortcomings. When she was a teenager, she developed anorexia — that pulverizing, paradoxical battle with both helplessness and self-control — and dropped to 75 pounds at 16. The disorder prevented her from completing a college degree. Many of the poems Glück wrote in her early 20s flog her own obsessions with, and failures in, control and exactitude. Her narrators are habitués of a kind of limitless wanting; her language, a study in ruthless austerity. (A piano-wire-taut line tucked in her 1968 debut, “Firstborn”: “Today my meatman turns his trained knife/On veal, your favorite. I pay with my life.”) In her late 20s, Glück grew frustrated with writing and was prepared to renounce it entirely.

So she took, in 1971, a teaching job at Goddard College. To her astonishment, being a teacher unwrapped the world — it bloomed anew with possibility. “The minute I started teaching — the minute I had obligations in the world — I started to write again,” Glück would confess in a 2014 interview. Working with young minds quickly became a sort of nourishment. “She was profoundly interested in people,” says Anita Sokolsky, a friend and colleague from Williams College, where Glück began teaching in 1984. “She had a vivid and unstinting interest in others’ lives that teaching helped focus for her. Teaching was very generative to her writing, but it was also a kind of counter to the intensity and isolation of her writing.”

Glück’s own poems became funnier and more colloquial, marrying the control she earlier perfected with a new, unexpected levity (in her 1996 poem “Parable of the Hostages”: “What if war/is just a male version of dressing up”), and it is her later books, like the lauded “The Wild Iris” from 1992, that made her a landmark literary figure. Teaching also coaxed out a new facet in Glück herself: that of a devoutly unselfish mentor, a tutor of unbridled kindness.

A less fastidious writer and thinker may have made their teaching duties rote — proffering uniformly encouraging feedback or reheating a syllabus year after year. Glück, though, threw herself into guiding pupils with the same care and intimacy she gave to her own verses. “There was just this voraciousness, this generosity,” says Sally Ball, who met Glück while studying with her at Williams and remained close with her for the three decades until her death. “Every time I moved, she put me in touch with people in that new place. She enjoyed bringing people to know each other and sharing the things she loved.” And as a teacher, Ball says, “Louise was really clear that you have to make yourself change. You can’t just keep doing the same things over and over again.” In that spirit of boundless self-advancement, Glück also taught herself to love cooking and eating. She once hand-annotated a Marcella Hazan recipe and mailed it to Ball, with sprawling commentary on how best to prepare rosemary. “She’s very beautiful and elegant, right,” Ball says, but “we’d go to Chez Panisse and sit down and she eats with gusto. It’s messy, she’s mopping her hands around on the plate.”

Paik recalls spending hours each week decoding Glück’s dense, cursive comments on her work. “I was 19 or 20,” she says, “writing these scrappy, honestly pretty bad poems, and to have them be received with such care and detail — it pushed me to become a better writer because it set a standard of respect.”

“She was 78, and whenever she talked about poetry, it felt like the first time she’d encountered poetry,” says Shangyang Fang, who met Glück when he was at Stanford on a writing fellowship. Glück offered to edit his first poetry collection, and the pair became close friends. “She would talk about a single word in my poem for 10 minutes with me,” Fang says. Evenings would go late. They cooked for each other sometimes, spending hours talking vegetables and spices, poetry and idle gossip. “By the end, I couldn’t thank her enough, and she said: ‘Stop thanking me! I am a predator, feeding on your brain!’”

Photograph by Charles S. Hertz

[the-music-keeper]

Guys. Guys. GUYS. Y'ALL.

ONE OF MY COURSES JUST GOT PUBLISHED THIS AFTERNOON.

[thinkingisadangerouspastime]

my language class is gonna kill me 😰

[modulationinstitute]

RRB JE Mechanical Engineering Syllabus and Exam Pattern - Modulation Institute

[mr-smith-stories]

Mr. Smith #15: Mr. Smith Becomes A Professor

Mr. Smith sat back in his chair on a warm September morning, the first day of the autumn semester. The leaves had not started to fall from the trees, and as Mr. Smith peered out his window he could see Greenbirds hopping around on the field by the lake. Mr. Smith sighed, wishing desperately that he could pet those Greenbirds, which for some reason always flew away. Besides, he had an important job to do- today was his first day as a professor, teaching Child Psychology to a bunch of pretentious stuck up nerds and his friends, who he had blackmailed into joining the class.

Mr. Smith smiled to himself as students began to enter the class and take their seats. Mr. Smith’s friends all sat down next to Mr. Smith’s desk. Mr. Smith stood up, turning on his computer with the syllabus displayed on the screen. It was five minutes until the class began, but Mr. Smith figured it was time to start. “Hello, class. Welcome to Child Psychology. My name is Mr. Smith, but you must call me -“ Mr. Smith paused upon seeing who entered the classroom. He gasped. “YOU! The gay geniuses! Oh no! What do I do? I have to teach a class and now you’re going to make me look STUPID!”

Leo and Ritchie groaned while Alex held back a laugh. “We’re in class with YOU? Oh dear lord. This is going to be a long semester, unless of course you inevitably quit your job once you remember that we’re smarter than you,” Leo said.

“Now you listen here, devil spawn! I’M the genius here! You’d better RESPECT me, or you’ll be forced to leave this class!” Mr. Smith stamped his foot.

“Shouldn’t you be teaching instead of arguing with us?” Asked Ritchie.

Mr. Smith gasped. “You’re right! Oh no! Um, welcome to Child Psychology class. My name is Mr. Smith, but that’s Dr. Smith to you, because I have recently gotten my PhD in psychology, which is why I’M the genius here, and all of you stuck up intellectual rich brats had better not forget it!”

“Did you just insult the entire class?” Alex asked.

“People insult me all the time!” Amy said. “When I was working at Target, I kept forgetting what to type into the cash register, even though what they bought was right in front of me, and people would tell me I wasn’t qualified to work there. It was so annoying!”

“That is annoying! When I worked at Target, I would lose the stuff people bought right after they gave it to me, and spend twenty minutes looking for their purchases when I had put them under the cash register. People talked to my manager and I got fired. It was a-nnoying!” Susan replied.

“Oh my God, that’s so relatable!” Amy high fived Susan, who sat next to her.

“They fired you?!” Frankie asked, alarmed. “What a cruel world for the working class! America is supposed to be land of the free and home of the brave! How villainous your boss must have been! To leave you out on the street like that!”

“Actually, I was living with my parents still, I was sixteen-“ Susan began.

“Oh, you were but a little sixteen year old girl! A child! How sadistic the system is to children! Poor, hard working children slaving away for hours at a cash register! It’s back to the Industrial Revolution! These are tough times for us all! Poor, young, naive, innocent Susan! A victim of the rich liberal elite!” Bob began to sob.

“I hate the rich liberal elite. They refuse to acknowledge hard working kitty cats and how we contribute to society as a whole! Cats should have equal rights with humans! I want a cat to be president one day!” Kitty yelled.

“I want to see a trans person in office one day,” Alex said.

“A trans person?! A cat would make a better president than a trans person! Trans people are delusional!” Kitty paused. “Oh, look at the clock. It’s time for my nap. Cats sleep multiple hours a day, you know.” Kitty laid his head down, closed his eyes and began to meow softly.

“Please, TEACH the class, Mr. Smith.” Ritchie groaned.

“Yes, let’s try not to make this as painful as possible,” Leo remarked.

“That’s DR. Smith to you!” Mr. Smith pounded his fist on the white board.

“Oh yeah?” Ritchie snorted. “What was your dissertation on?”

Mr. Smith began to gesture with his hands and mouth words no one could hear. “Is a dissertation a type of dessert?”

“No. Oh my God!” Leo facepalmed.

“What is your PhD in?” Asked Ritchie.

“I studied genius IQ in children at the puppy farm! Did you know children from the puppy farm have more consistent scores on standardized tests?” Mr. Smith asked.

“Do you mean they all fail?” Asked Leo.

“Yes! Because their minds are pure with the beautiful, creative freedom of thought taught at the puppy farm! These children know all about Greenbirds and Oak Trees, but these tests simply don’t know how to measure intellect. If they did, why do all these geniuses score so low?” Mr. Smith scratched his head.

“Jesus Christ,” Swore Leo.

“Just get on with reading the syllabus.” Ritchie sighed.

“Ok, devil spawn,” Mr. Smith said. “First, there are no tests. You will instead be asked to prove your genius level intellect at the end of the semester by playing a game of Jenga against me. If you lose, you’re obviously not a genius and you fail automatically. If you refuse, you fail again.”

“That’s not very fair-“ Ritchie began.

“Shut up devil spawn! I’m the genius here! I know what I’m doing!” Mr. Smith threw a marker from the board on the ground.

“You’re such a cute professor,” Said Philip. “I’ve never had a professor as handsome as you.” Philip smiled in a daze, then snapped to attention. “But no homo, right?”

Mr. Smith sighed. “You’re cute too. No homo.”

“You can’t flirt with the students, that’s completely inappropriate!” Alex said.

“What does the word, “flirt” mean?” Asked Mr. Smith.

“I think it means that thing on a male’s neck that moves when you talk.” Philip said.

“You’re such a genius, Philip. You’re almost as much of a genius as me,” Mr. Smith said. “Anyway, there are no assignments, except one quiz. The quiz is just, ‘True or False: Mr. Smith is the smartest person to ever live.’ If you answer differently than how I want, you fail.

“Next on the syllabus is attendance. If you don’t constantly remind me that I’m smarter than you, I will count it against your class participation and attendance and you will fail. Writing this was a lot of work, so that is the end of my syllabus. Now we will move on to lecturing.” Mr. Smith pressed a button and began his slides.

“Now, before we begin, let’s establish some background knowledge. Does everyone know what a child is?” Mr. Smith addressed the class.

“Are you kidding me? This is Child Psychology. Of course we know what a child is!” Leo exclaimed furiously.

“Well, as your professor, I have to account for the fact that most of you did not attend the school of the puppy farm, and are wherefore not as educated as me. And that some of you are level 10 or 50 IQ.” Mr. Smith said smugly.

“For the last time, I am obviously not a level 10 IQ, and Ritchie is obviously not a level 50 IQ! We are both geniuses and you are just jealous of us!” Leo snapped.

Mr. Smith scatched his chin, then began to gesture with his hands and mouth things. “I didn’t have any jello with the sandwich Mom packed me today.”

“That’s not what jealous means!” Leo snapped.

“Shut up and let me lecture, devil spawn, or I will give you a Detention!” Mr. Smith stamped his foot.

“This is college, you can’t give me a detention-“ Leo began.

“Shh!” Mr. Smith shushed him. “Let’s discuss the maturity of children. Despite common miscontraceptions, children are very mature. I know this because people are always comparing me to a very young child, and I’m very mature. Children must wherefore be very mature and geniuses, and lose their genius intelligence as they get older, except me because I have 1 million level IQ.”

“That doesn’t make any sense,” Said Leo. “You’re not qualified to teach us anything! That’s it! I’m walking out! Who’s with me?”

Ritchie and Alex got up to leave, followed by several other students. Mr. Smith yelled, “Wait! Don’t go!” More students got up to leave, so Mr. Smith became enraged. He ran to his desk, picked up his computer monitor and chucked it out the window. “Whole lot of good you did me!” Then he picked up one of the student’s backpacks and threw it across the room. Then he tipped his desk over and dumped water all over his computer, and chucked that out the window for good measure. As more students began to leave, Mr. Smith ran to the whiteboard and began to pound on the white board while yelling, until finally everyone was gone, including his friends who thought it would be funny to leave and make Mr. Smith angry.

Mr. Smith ran out into the hallway. “That’s IT! I’ve had it with you gay geniuses! I quit! I’ll never teach ever again!” Then he called the dean and quit his job, which he had only gotten because the dean had eaten yet another apology pot brownie from Mr. Smith’s father.

Fin.

***

[todaysdocument]

The Supreme Court ruled that the Defense of Marriage Act was unconstitutional on June 26, 2013. 

In U.S. v Windsor, SCOTUS held that the federal government could not discriminate against same-sex couples. 

Record Group 267: Records of the Supreme Court of the United States Series: Appellate Jurisdiction Case Files

Transcription: 

[Stamped: " FILE COPY "]

(Bench Opinion)                 OCTOBER TERM, 2012            1  [Handwritten and circled " 1"  in upper right-hand corner]

Syllabus

NOTE: Where it is feasible, a syllabus (headnote) will be released, as is

being done in connection with this case, at the time the opinion is issued.

The syllabus constitutes no part of the opinion of the Court but has been

prepared by the Reporter of Decisions for the convenience of the reader.

See United States v. Detroit Timber & Lumber Co., 200 U.S. 321, 337.

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

Syllabus

UNITED STATES v. WINDSOR, EXECUTOR OF THE

ESTATE OF SPYER, ET AL.

CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR

THE SECOND CIRCUIT

No. 12-307.  Argued March 27, 2013---Decided June 26, 2013

The State of New York recognizes the marriage of New York residents

Edith Windsor and Thea Spyer, who wed in Ontario, Canada, in

2007. When Spyer died in 2009, she left her entire estate to Windsor.

Windsor sought to claim the federal estate tax exemption for surviv-

ing spouses, but was barred from doing so by §3 of the federal Defense

of Marriage Act (DOMA), which amended the Dictionary Act---a

law providing rules of construction for over 1,000 federal laws and

the whole realm of federal regulations-to define "marriage" and

"spouse" as excluding same-sex partners. Windsor paid $363,053 in

estate taxes and sought a refund, which the Internal Revenue Service

denied. Windsor brought this refund suit, contending that DOMA vi-

olates the principles of equal protection incorporated in the Fifth

Amendment. While the suit was pending, the Attorney General notified

the Speaker of the House of Representatives that the Department

of Justice would no longer defend §3's constitutionality. In re-

sponse, the Bipartisan Legal Advisory Group (BLAG) of the House of

Representatives voted to intervene in the litigation to defend §3's

constitutionality. The District Court permitted the intervention. On

the merits, the court ruled against the United States, finding §3 un-

constitutional and ordering the Treasury to refund Windsor's tax

with interest. The Second Circuit affirmed. The United States has

not complied with the judgment.

Held:

1. This Court has jurisdiction to consider the merits of the case.

This case clearly presented a concrete disagreement between oppos-

ing parties that was suitable for judicial resolution in the District

Court, but the Executive's decision not to defend §3's constitutionali-

[page 2]

2                  UNITED STATES v. WINDSOR

Syllabus

ty in court while continuing to deny refunds and assess deficiencies

introduces a complication. Given the Government's concession, ami-

cus contends, once the District Court ordered the refund, the case

should have ended and the appeal been dismissed. But this argu-

ment elides the distinction between Article Ill's jurisdictional re-

quirements and the prudential limits on its exercise, which are "es-

sentially matters of judicial self-governance." Warth v. Seldin, 422

U. S. 490, 500. Here, the United States retains a stake sufficient to

support Article III jurisdiction on appeal and in this Court. The re-

fund it was ordered to pay Windsor is "a real and immediate econom-

ic injury," Hein v. Freedom From Religion Foundation, Inc., 551 U. S.

587, 599, even if the Executive disagrees with §3 of DOMA. Wind-

sor's ongoing claim for funds that the United States refuses to pay

thus establishes a controversy sufficient for Article III jurisdiction.

Cf. INS v. Chadha, 462 U. S. 919.

Prudential considerations, however, demand that there be "con-

crete adverseness which sharpens the presentation of issues upon

which the court so largely depends for illumination of difficult consti-

tutional questions." Baker v. Carr, 369 U. S. 186, 204. Unlike Article

III requirements---which must be satisfied by the parties before judi-

cial consideration is appropriate---prudential factors that counsel

against hearing this case are subject to "countervailing considera-

tions [that] may outweigh the concerns underlying the usual reluc-

tance to exert judicial power." Warth, supra, at 500-501. One such

consideration is the extent to which adversarial presentation of the

issues is ensured by the participation of amici curiae prepared to de-

fend with vigor the legislative act's constitutionality. See Chadha,

supra, at 940. Here, BLAG's substantial adversarial argument for

§3's constitutionality satisfies prudential concerns that otherwise

might counsel against hearing an appeal from a decision with which

the principal parties agree. This conclusion does not mean that it is

appropriate for the Executive as a routine exercise to challenge stat-

utes in court instead of making the case to Congress for amendment

or repeal. But this case is not routine, and BLAG's capable defense

ensures that the prudential issues do not cloud the merits question,

which is of immediate importance to the Federal Government and to

hundreds of thousands of persons. Pp. 5-13.

2. DOMA is unconstitutional as a deprivation of the equal liberty of

persons that is protected by the Fifth Amendment. Pp. 13--26.

(a) By history and tradition the definition and regulation of mar-

riage has been treated as being within the authority and realm of the

separate States. Congress has enacted discrete statutes to regulate

the meaning of marriage in order to further federal policy, but

DOMA, with a directive applicable to over 1,000 federal statues and

[NEW PAGE]

Cite as: 570 U.S._ (2013)           3

Syllabus

the whole realm of federal regulations, has a far greater reach. Its

operation is also directed to a class of persons that the laws of New

York, and of 11 other States, have sought to protect. Assessing the

validity of that intervention requires discussing the historical and

traditional extent of state power and authority over marriage.

Subject to certain constitutional guarantees, see, e.g., Loving v.

Virginia, 388 U.S. 1, "regulation of domestic relations" is "an area

that has long been regarded as a virtually exclusive province of the

States," Sosna v. Iowa, 419 U. S. 393, 404. The significance of state

responsibilities for the definition and regulation of marriage dates to

the Nation's beginning; for "when the Constitution was adopted the

common understanding was that the domestic relations of husband

and wife and parent and child were matters reserved to the States,"

Ohio ex rel. Popovici v. Agler, 280 U. S. 379, 383-384. Marriage laws

may vary from State to State, but they are consistent within each

State.

DOMA rejects this long-established precept. The State's decision

to give this class of persons the right to marry conferred upon them a

dignity and status of immense import. But the Federal Government

uses the state-defined class for the opposite purpose---to impose re-

strictions and disabilities. The question is whether the resulting injury

and indignity is a deprivation of an essential part of the liberty

protected by the Fifth Amendment, since what New York treats as

alike the federal law deems unlike by a law designed to injure the

same class the State seeks to protect. New York's actions were a

proper exercise of its sovereign authority. They reflect both the

community's considered perspective on the historical roots of the in-

stitution of marriage and its evolving understanding of the meaning

of equality. Pp. 13--20.

(b) By seeking to injure the very class New York seeks to protect,

DOMA violates basic due process and equal protection principles ap-

plicable to the Federal Government. The Constitution's guarantee of

equality "must at the very least mean that a bare congressional de-

sire to harm a politically unpopular group cannot" justify disparate

treatment of that group. Department of Agriculture v. Moreno, 413

U. S. 528, 534-535. DOMA cannot survive under these principles.

Its unusual deviation from the tradition of recognizing and accepting

state definitions of marriage operates to deprive same-sex couples of

the benefits and responsibilities that come with federal recognition of

their marriages. This is strong evidence of a law having the purpose

and effect of disapproval of a class recognized and protected by state

law. DOMA's avowed purpose and practical effect are to impose a

disadvantage, a separate status, and so a stigma upon all who enter

into same-sex marriages made lawful by the unquestioned authority

[page 3]

4           UNITED STATES v. WINDSOR

Syllabus

of the States.

DOMA's history of enactment and its own text demonstrate that

interference with the equal dignity of same-sex marriages, conferred

by the States in the exercise of their sovereign power, was more than

an incidental effect of the federal statute. It was its essence. BLAG's

arguments are just as candid about the congressional purpose.

DOMA's operation in practice confirms this purpose. It frustrates

New York's objective of eliminating inequality by writing inequality

into the entire United States Code.

DOMA's principal effect is to identify and make unequal a subset of

state-sanctioned marriages. It contrives to deprive some couples

married under the laws of their State, but not others, of both rights

and responsibilities, creating two contradictory marriage regimes

within the same State. It also forces same-sex couples to live as mar-

ried for the purpose of state law but unmarried for the purpose of

federal law, thus diminishing the stability and predictability of basic

personal relations the State has found it proper to acknowledge and

protect. Pp. 20-26.

699 F. 3d 169, affirmed.

KENNEDY, J., delivered the opinion of the Court, in which GINSBURG,

BREYER, SOTOMAYOR, and KAGAN, JJ., joined. ROBERTS, C. J., filed a

dissenting opinion. SCALIA, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which

THOMAS, J., joined, and in which ROBERTS, C. J., joined as to Part I.

ALITO, J., filed a dissenting opinion, in which THOMAS, J., joined as to

Parts II and III.

[NEW PAGE]

Cite as: 570 U. S. _ (2013)          1

Opinion of the Court

NOTICE: This opinion is subject to formal revision before publication in the

preliminary print of the United States Reports. Readers are requested to

notify the Reporter of Decisions, Supreme Court of the United States, Washington,

D. C. 20543, of any typographical or other formal errors, in order

that corrections may be made before the preliminary print goes to press.

SUPREME COURT OF THE UNITED STATES

No. 12-307

UNITED STATES, PETITIONER v. EDITH SCHLAIN

WINDSOR, IN HER CAPACITY AS EXECUTOR OF THE

ESTATE OF THEA CLARA SPYER, ET AL.

ON WRIT OF CERTIORARI TO THE UNITED STATES COURT OF

APPEALS FOR THE SECOND CIRCUIT

[June 26, 2013]

JUSTICE KENNEDY delivered the opinion of the Court.

Two women then resident in New York were married

in a lawful ceremony in Ontario, Canada, in 2007. Edith

Windsor and Thea Spyer returned to their home in New

York City. When Spyer died in 2009, she left her entire

estate to Windsor. Windsor sought to claim the estate tax

exemption for surviving spouses. She was barred from

doing so, however, by a federal law, the Defense of Mar-

riage Act, which excludes a same-sex partner from the

definition of "spouse" as that term is used in federal stat-

utes. Windsor paid the taxes but filed suit to challenge

the constitutionality of this provision. The United States

District Court and the Court of Appeals ruled that this

portion of the statute is unconstitutional and ordered the

United States to pay Windsor a refund. This Court granted

certiorari and now affirms the judgment in Windsor's

favor.

I

In 1996, as some States were beginning to consider the

concept of same-sex marriage, see, e.g., Baehr v. Lewin, 74

[gucciwins]

it’s your birthday?

As luck would have it you once again find yourself in a breakout room with Harry

Word count: 3296

A/N: Hello friends, it’s a new semester and it felt only right to continue breakout room, a story that was well loved by you. The inspiration once again came to me during class and also because it’s Harry’s birthday. Thank you to the lovely @soullikestyles for reading this over. Here it is, enjoy!!!

I hope you love this, it is a continuation from Breakout Room 

Please shoot me a message of what you thought!!!!

i love you, take care xx 

_____

It's the start of a new semester. It's safe to say you did not make any friends last semester due to this ongoing pandemic, but what you did manage to get was a 3.9 G.P.A for the Fall semester. It was probably because you did not leave your apartment, and when you did, it was to go grocery shopping with your roommate, who would be dead without you because, as she liked to put it, you're the chef, and she's the taster. 

Well, you maybe did make one friend. 

Harry Styles.

He was the person to talk to you during a zoom breakout room in your women's gender studies course.

Sure, you were never in the same room again, but you might or might not have pinned his face during one of the professor's long ramblings that is no longer related to the course. 

He was pretty to look at; you would never deny that. 

No, with the floppy curls that he almost always seemed to run his hand through, then stopping when one of his rings got caught in a knotted ringlet. His camera would instantly turn off, and in thirty seconds, he was back as if nothing had happened. The glasses framed his face just right, making his eyes look soft and inviting. Also made his dimples stand out. He almost always wore a different colored cardigan. Your favorite from the semester was when he wore a multicolored cardigan. That looks like it was knitted; there was a hole by his heart. Honestly, you were hoping he had, would have made him even more endearing. 

Also, might one day ask him to make you one, or he could even teach you. You're a fast learner and have patience. 

He's got a great choice in clothing from what you was able to observe in such a short time—also a lovely personality. 

After his initial email, you decided to answer, thus creating a chain of messages back and forth. He was honestly funny, and that was just on paper. He had asked for her number and said no, and he respected that. It doesn't mean they never helped each other in the class; Harry asking for more help than Y/N. She sent him over her notes and explained the readings he found harder to grasp. 

As soon as finals week hit, she received her last email from him with the subject as Goodbye. It took you by surprise, and you erased the draft you had waiting for him that had your phone number wanting to keep talking to him. Still, clearly, he thought of them as just classmates for the semester, so without even opening his last email, you trashed it. 

You felt guilty about it, so you then transferred it to your archives, where it sits with other unwanted emails. 

_____

The holidays are over, and since you could not make the trip home, you celebrated with Amy, your roommate. You both help each other buy your family's presents, looking for the best discounts and adding extra items to get the free shipping. Together, well, mostly you as she handed you pieces of tape you wrapped present after present in brown wrapping paper. It was harder to tear and more comfortable to decorate in any way you wanted. On each box, it had everyone's name written in beautiful handwriting, courtesy of you. Then you would add snowflakes or stripes to make it stand out. 

It was a success from their looks when each gift was open through the zoom call. 

The month break flew by, and the next thing you knew, it was time to be back at your desk for hours of learning. It was fun until it wasn't sure there was a lot to look forward to, but you would miss sleeping all day and eating snacks in bed with no fear of forgetting to submit an assignment. 

This semester you had four major courses. Psychology of Personality and Psychology of Aging were the two courses you were most looking forward to. You decided on taking the women's gender studies class called Politics of Sexuality. You had gotten the recommendation from the department's head to take it and did so without a second thought. Yes, fifteen units was a lot, but you were close to graduating, and you knew you could handle it. 

The first week flew by because it was merely going over the syllabus. You had your camera on, but you did not bother to look at your other classmates. Sasha, a fellow person in your major, would be your study partner as she had been all semester. Sasha might not always be in the class section, but she did take the same professors and courses. It makes studying and taking notes easier. You know you won't always have Sasha, but having a study partner has ever made you do better. 

February 1st. The start of the second week of the semester. 

You woke up at seven, got the tea that Amy had ready for you, and were sitting at your desk by eight. Your professor droned on about the first chapter of the book. You felt confident knowing you understood the significant points. 

It's 11:30, and your second course of the day is going to start. You were not looking forward to the class simply because Dr. Rossi had warned you he would be putting you into breakout rooms of two. That person would be your partner for the semester. You had a project due at the end of the semester, and he wanted you to be acquainted with someone rather than having a person working alone. 

You sat there, Baby Yoda ceramic mug in hand, as you waited for your breakout room to load and to see who you were destined to work with for the next fourteen weeks. 

There was a knock on your door that distracted you from seeing the video of someone else load. 

"Sorry, I know you're in class, but I was wondering when lunch was to see how big of a snack I should have." Amy shoots you a small smile. 

"No worries, Ames, I'm out at 12:45 and will need half an hour to cook, so roughly 1:30. Is that okay?" You tell her feeling a little awful, making her wait. 

"It's perfect. Have a good class." Amy shuts the door.

As you hear the click, you turn back to your computer, and they're staring at you in a lavender cardigan with a white shirt underneath is the one and only Harry Styles.  

His curls are shorter, meaning he recently got a haircut, and they are just growing back. You wished he had let it grow out, wanting to see how much more ruly they would have gotten.

You feel your face heat up, remembering you did not do your hair, instead of letting it sit messily in a low ponytail, small hair framing your hair. You were sure the black sweatshirt you had one had a hummus stain but too afraid to look down to check. You weren't even aware he was in this class; it shows you should be paying attention more to your classmates. 

He shoots you a small smile, and you grimace, trying to force one out, but you're still a bit shocked. 

You see his microphone go white, meaning he was about to speak. You leaned forward in anticipation, a bit desperate to hear his smooth accent through your computer speakers. 

"Hello, it's been a while." Harry raises his glasses to hold back his hair. 

You reach forward and unmute yourself. "Hello, Harry. It has been a while. It's a new year and everything." You joke. 

He chuckles, scratching his chin. You aren't sure what to do; it was never this awkward the first time you chatted. 

"Guess we're partners, huh." 

"Apparently." You sigh, a bit loud, forgetting he can hear you. 

"Ouch, don't need to sound too excited." He tells you not at all hiding his frown. 

"No, I didn't." You stop not knowing how to go back from that. "Sorry, that was rude of me." 

He nods, not saying anything more, and you take it as a sign to continue. 

"I-i, well, after our last class ended, I figured that was that. You said goodbye in the last email, so I figured that was the end of our friendship, if you can even call it that." 

"I thought my email would give the opposite impression, but not everything can translate as smoothly when talking." He tells you, which causes you to pause. 

"Your email literally said goodbye," You blurt out before you can stop yourself.

He hides his smile, "My subject said goodbye, the content said quite the opposite. You did read it, right?" 

You duck your head, not allowing yourself to meet his eye even through a computer screen, too embarrassed to be caught. "Well, no, I didn't. Hurt my feelings, just seeing the goodbye." You look up and see his eyes soften, giving you just a bit more courage to continue. "I've always struggled to make friends, I have like three good friends, and it's hard putting myself out there, and I didn't actually if you considered me a friend or not." 

"Y/N" He breathes out your name.

You stop him before he can continue. "Do you mind if I read it now?" 

Harry shakes his head. 

You restore down the zoom and open up your Gmail on the split-screen. You find it reasonably quickly; you look up at him to see him patiently sitting back chipping at his nails. They are a pastel yellow; it makes you smile, knowing just yesterday you went from that color to a deep red. 

hstyles@gmail.com 

Subject: Goodbye 

Y/N, 

It's been enjoyable emailing back and forth. I honestly would not have passed this class without you. I think you are brilliant and if I had you in every course, I would finish with A's in them all. So, thank you for having the patience to teach me. 

Also, thank you for being my friend. I know we mostly talked about school work. Still, you did help me decide on what coat to buy for my sister, so I know that makes us friends, and I did help you get that switch for your little brother. (That was like trying to buy floor tickets for Lady Gaga.)

On another note, after emailing for twelve weeks, I was wondering if I could have your number. I would like the chance to give you a call and formally ask you on a date. I know we're in the middle of a pandemic, and dating is hard, but we can do zoom dates before we try in person. 

I understand if it's a no, but I am really grateful to have met you.

Your friend (although I do want to try to be more)

Harry Styles 

City Pointe Apt 32 (in case you want to send a care package, I would gladly return the favor)

"Oh, Harry," You inhale, "I'm so sorry." 

"No worries." He shrugs. 

You pause, thinking your next words. "I live in Rose Villa." Those were not the words you wanted to say, but you don't take it back. 

"That's across the street from my building." He gasps. "We could have run into each other." 

You nod. "Small world." 

Harry brings his focus back to something you skipped over. "I realize you didn't mention the part of asking you on a date." 

"Oh, I figured you over that now. It's been well over a month since I ignored your email." You grimace, starting to feel awful about it all over again. 

"I guess it was email abandonment this time." He jokes.

You laugh, and it gets Harry laughing as well. He was always good at that, making you laugh and not be so serious even if he didn't know it. 

"Y/N," Harry's voice was strong, no signs of laughter in his trace. You lock eyes as best you can through a computer screen. "I would still very much like to take you on a date."

A date with Harry. 

You want to say yes, but it's like you're frozen. 

"Can I say something else before you give me an answer?" You nod, waiting for him to go on. "Sarah Jones, do you know her?" 

Sarah Jones, you rack your brain trying to place her. 

The theater composer. She's written original tracks for the theatre department for the original plays they've done and remakes. She's won countless awards.

Sarah even won the talent show. Played a killer drum solo that no one else could ever think of topping. 

If you're honest, she's the definition of your girl crush. 

"We follow each other on social media. We met at a paint night; she was really easy to talk to." You tell him, remembering how sweet she was to you when she saw you walk in, and just as you were about to walk out, she introduced herself to you, asking to sit with you. 

He nods. "Sarah is my roommate's girlfriend. Mitch and Sarah practically live together; he's so in love with her it truly is the sweetest thing. Back to the point, she overheard me talking about you to Mitch and spoke how she knew you. Then I proceeded to stalk your Instagram on her account. I hope that's not weird." 

You laugh, and it causes Harry to calm down, "Not weird at all. I would have done the same thing, but as you can see, I rarely upload anything." 

"Well, the things you do have, I think, are wonderful." He rambles on explaining how your beach photo on a bike with a pretty pink basket was one of his favorites and how cute you look wearing sweaters. 

As endearing as Harry was being, you decided to put him out of his misery. "Harry," you interrupt. 

"Yes." 

"I'd love to go on a date with you." 

"You would?" He gasps in surprise. 

"Yes." 

"That's fantastic. I think this is the best birthday gift I could have received." He tells you, but you're stuck on the last thing he said. 

"It's your birthday?" 

Harry smiles sheepishly. "Yes." 

"Happy Birthday, Harry." You tell him softly, a big smile on your face.

A blush overtakes his face; you can tell he wishes to cover up his face with hands but holds back from doing so. "Thank you." 

"Do you have any plans?" 

"No, well. Mitch and Sarah are coming over for lunch in a bit. Then they are off to study at Sarah's for the week. Her roommates are gone for the week." 

You frown, not liking that he'll spend the rest of his birthday alone. 

"Would you-never mind" You stop yourself from being able to invite yourself over to celebrate with him?

"Hey, it's okay. Whatever you wanted to say, I wouldn't judge you, love." His voice was soft and reassuring. 

"Well, I'd love to come over and hang out with you if that's okay. I can make us dinner, I make delicious enchiladas. Also, my carrot cake is to die for." 

Harry is surprised at her offer but nods his head quickly. "That sounds wonderful, but you don't have to cook for me. We can order takeout."

She shakes her head. "Consider it my gift to you." 

"Well, okay. Is six okay for you?" He bites his lip, not believing this is happening.

"Perfect." 

You sit there smiling at each other. 

When a message pops up overhead, "You have five minutes left before we join back as a group."

Your eyes go wide, having forgotten you were in class. "We didn't even discuss the assignment." 

Harry shakes his head in laughter, a smile spreads over your face. He has an adorable laugh that just rings through your ears, and you can't wait to hear it in person. 

"We've got time, now that it seems we'll be getting to know each other better." 

You relax, settling a bit, you have weeks before the assignment is due.

"I'll email you my number, love. Easier to communicate for later."

"Sounds great." You respond. 

_____

It's five-fifty, and you're standing outside his door. You're more than a little nervous. You're wearing high waisted jeans paired with a black off the shoulder top with floral embroidered sleeves. You decided against a sweater knowing the short walk would keep you warm enough. Your mask is red, with three small hearts stitched on the lower right side. Perfect for February. 

You shift the items in your hand to the right and lift your hand up to knock. After three gentle knocks, you hear footsteps and take a step back. 

"Hi," Harry breathes out, a big smile on his face.

"Hello, Harry, happy birthday." 

"Thank you." He smiles wide, blessing you with his dimples. Definitely look better in person. "Please come in." He grabs some of the items from your hand and allows you to step in before locking the door behind you. 

"Your mask is lovely. Did you make it?" 

"I did!" You share excitedly. "My roommate, Amy, and I spent lots of our free time making a different kind. We took old shirts we no longer wanted and used for the material. It was a lot of trial and error, but we're pretty solid at it now. My embroidery could use some work, but I think it's lovely. 

"It really is. Would you make me one?" He asks, staring at you as you pocket your mask. No longer needing it in his home. 

"Yes, I'll send you pictures of the fabric I have, or you could come over, and I can teach you as well." You tell him, excited at the prospect. 

"Sounds like a wonderful date." You nod, feeling your body get warm at the word date because today could also classify as a date. 

Harry knocks you out of your head when calling your name. "Turned the oven on like you requested." He informs you. 

"Thank you, my mom showed me how to make them, but I learned about the melted cheese on my own. She wasn't a big fan of it, but everyone else I know loves it, so I hope you will as well." 

Harry grabs your hand and gives it a squeeze. "I'm sure it's wonderful." He bumps your shoulder gently. "Go finish up; I'll set the table." 

He pushes you into the kitchen, and you go in and place your stuff. Harry is whistling, settling down on the table two glasses and two forks when you turn back around towards him. 

Harry turns around just in time for you to wrap your hands around his waist. You fit perfectly in his arms, taking in his musky scent. "Happy birthday, Harry." You whisper against his chest.

He squeezes you tighter, leaning his head on top of yours. "Thank you, love." 

He pulls back, holding you by your shoulders. A big smile on his face, you reciprocate it feeling his happiness warm your heart. 

"Run along now; I'm starving." He jokes.

You walk backward, creating distance; as his left-hand trails down your right hand slowly until he's touching your fingertips, do you pull away. Although you, more than anything, wanted to hold his hand. You want to feel the weight of it in yours; you want to know if his hands are soft or calloused. How cool his rings will feel against your palm. All in due time. 

"I'm happy to be here." 

"Me too, love. Me too." 

It's safe to say you were more than luckily going to have yourself a valentine for the first time in a long time.