#Aberrant Temporal Perception Disorder

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https://www.tumblr.com/mudarchive/771796651949146112/helloooooo-i-wanted-to-ask-something-if-i-sent-a?source=share Anon here again!!!

Heres the "mud"!!! Mayybe it's a little messy sorry!!!!!!

Aberrant Temporal Perception Disorder (ATPD)

Aberrant Temporal Perception Disorder (ATPD) is a rare condition where an individual perceives time flow significantly distorted from objective reality. This condition affects daily experiences, causing accelerated, slowed or fragmented temporal perception. Although non-physical, ATPD profoundly impacts interactions with the environment.

1. *Time Acceleration (Chronoacceleration)*: Days or weeks feel compressed into minutes

2. *Time Retardation (Chronoretardation)*: Minutes feel like hours

3. *Fragmented Temporal Perception*: Time advances in disjointed segments

4. *Temporal Echo*: Reliving past events while experiencing them again

5. *Temporal Dysrhythmia*: Abrupt shifts between acceleration and deceleration.*

1. *Cognitive Confusion*: Difficulty synchronizing actions with perceived time

2. *Anxiety/Panic*: Fear of losing control of time

3. *Social Isolation*: Struggling to maintain relationships due to temporal discrepancies

4. *Sleep Disorders*: Insomnia or feeling like nighttime never passes.

subtypes

Isolated Time Acceleration (ITA)

Isolated Time Acceleration (ITA) is a subtype of Aberrant Temporal Perception Disorder (ATPD), characterized by an individual perceiving time as extremely accelerated relative to objective reality. While the external environment follows its normal pace, the person feels events are passing at an alarming rate, as if their life is fast-forwarding. This leads to difficulties in keeping up with daily tasks, loss of control, and disconnection from the present.

1. *Compressed Time Perception*: Days seem like hours, and hours like minutes. Events overlap or disappear before being fully experienced

2. *Impaired Memory Retention*: Accelerated time perception hinders clear memory formation, making recent events feel blurred

3. *Temporal Impulsivity*: The sensation of time "running out" prompts impulsive decisions without fully analyzing situations

4. *Disconnection Sensation*: Individuals feel life is passing them by, unable to fully experience moments.

1. *Temporal Anxiety*: Constant urgency or pressure, even without real necessity

2. *Mental Exhaustion*: Rapid time perception causes mental and emotional fatigue

3. *Communication Difficulties*: Frustrations arise from feeling others are too slow to understand or keep up

4. *Routine Disruptions*: Important commitments and tasks are neglected due to perceived time constraints.

Isolated Time Delay (ITD)

Isolated Time Delay is a subtype of Aberrant Temporal Perception Disorder (ATPD), characterized by a persistent sensation that time passes extremely slowly. Seconds feel like minutes, minutes feel like hours, and daily events become unbearable. This leads to feelings of being trapped in the present and significant difficulties coping with routines or prolonged situations.

1. *Temporal Dilation*: Brief time intervals feel excessively long, making tasks mentally exhausting

2. *Hyperdetailed Attention*: Individuals notice minute details, amplifying the sensation of slowness

3. *Perceived Immobility*: Severe cases may involve feeling the world around them is nearly paralyzed

4. *Future Disconnection*: Difficulty planning or imagining the future due to the interminable present

1. *Frustration and Impatience*: Prolonged time perception leads to boredom or emotional agony

2. *Mental Exhaustion*: Extended awareness of daily events causes mental and emotional fatigue

3. *Temporal Anxiety*: Fear of perpetual slowness triggers panic attacks or anxiety crises

4. *Sleep Dysregulation*: Nights feel eternal, causing insomnia or non-restorative sleep.

Cool!

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Unique Brain Activity May Predict Schizophrenia

While some signs can suggest if a person is at risk for developing schizophrenia, a definitive diagnosis is not determined until the fist psychotic episode occurs. But neuroscientists have now discovered an abnormal brain pattern that is linked to the development of schizophrenia.

Schizophrenia is a brain disorder that produces hallucinations, delusions, and cognitive impairments. The disorder usually becomes evident during adolescence or young adulthood. The new research is expected to fuel studies that test use of cognitive behavioral therapy and neural feedback as early interventions to combat the symptoms of schizophrenia.

In the new study, MIT neuroscientists working with researchers at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, and the Shanghai Mental Health Center have now identified a pattern of brain activity correlated with development of schizophrenia.

The researchers believe the discovery of the abnormal brain pattern be used as a marker to diagnose schizophrenia earlier.

“You can consider this pattern to be a risk factor. If we use these types of brain measurements, then maybe we can predict a little bit better who will end up developing psychosis, and that may also help tailor interventions,” said Dr. Guusje Collin, lead author of the paper.

The study, which appears in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, was performed at the Shanghai Mental Health Center.

Researchers explain that before an individual experiences a psychotic episode — characterized by sudden changes in behavior and a loss of touch with reality — people can experience milder symptoms such as disordered thinking.

This kind of thinking can lead to behaviors such as jumping from topic to topic at random, or giving answers unrelated to the original question. Previous studies have shown that about 25 percent of people who experience these early symptoms go on to develop schizophrenia.

The researchers followed 158 people between the ages of 13 and 34 who were identified as high-risk because they had experienced early symptoms. The team also included 93 control subjects, who did not have any risk factors.

At the beginning of the study, the researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure a type of brain activity involving “resting state networks.” Resting state networks consist of brain regions that preferentially connect with and communicate with each other when the brain is not performing any particular cognitive task.

“We were interested in looking at the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain to see if we could detect early aberrant brain connectivity or networks in individuals who are in the clinically high-risk phase of the disorder,” Whitfield-Gabrieli says.

One year after the initial scans, 23 of the high-risk patients had experienced a psychotic episode and were diagnosed with schizophrenia. In those patients’ scans, taken before their diagnosis, the researchers found a distinctive pattern of activity that was different from the healthy control subjects and the at-risk subjects who had not developed psychosis.

The researchers discovered that in most people, a part of the brain known as the superior temporal gyrus — involved in auditory processing — is highly connected to brain regions involved in sensory perception and motor control.

However, in patients who developed psychosis, the superior temporal gyrus became more connected to limbic regions, which are involved in processing emotions. This could help explain why patients with schizophrenia usually experience auditory hallucinations, the researchers say.

Meanwhile, the high-risk subjects who did not develop psychosis showed network connectivity nearly identical to that of the healthy subjects.

Researchers believe this type of distinctive brain activity could be useful as an early indicator of schizophrenia, especially since it is possible that it could be seen in even younger patients.

Source: MIT/EurekAlert

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Brain Activity Pattern May be Early Sign of Schizophrenia

Schizophrenia symptoms tend to appear in adolescence or young adulthood. And while there are some early warning signs which can identify a person at high risk for the disorder, there is no way to definitively diagnose it until the first psychotic episode.

Now, an international research team led by neuroscientists at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have identified a specific brain activity pattern that correlates with the development of schizophrenia. This brain activity could potentially be used as a marker to help diagnose the disease earlier.

“You can consider this pattern to be a risk factor. If we use these types of brain measurements, then maybe we can predict a little bit better who will end up developing psychosis, and that may also help tailor interventions,” says lead author Guusje Collin, a visiting scientist at MIT’s McGovern Institute for Brain Research.

Before a person with schizophrenia experiences a psychotic episode — characterized by sudden changes in behavior and a loss of touch with reality — patients can experience milder symptoms such as disordered thinking.

Disordered thinking can involve jumping from topic to topic at random, or giving answers unrelated to the original question. Previous studies have shown that about 25 percent of people who experience these early symptoms go on to develop schizophrenia.

The study, published in the journal Molecular Psychiatry, was conducted at the Shanghai Mental Health Center due to the huge volume of patients who visit the hospital annually. This allowed a large enough sample of people at high risk of developing schizophrenia.

Overall, the researchers followed 158 people ages 13 to 34 who were identified as high-risk because they had experienced early symptoms. The team also included 93 control subjects wit no risk factors.

At the beginning of the study, the researchers used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to measure a type of brain activity involving “resting state networks.” Resting state networks consist of brain regions that preferentially connect with and communicate with each other when the brain is not performing any particular cognitive task.

“We were interested in looking at the intrinsic functional architecture of the brain to see if we could detect early aberrant brain connectivity or networks in individuals who are in the clinically high-risk phase of the disorder,” says principal investigator Susan Whitfield-Gabrieli, a visiting scientist at the McGovern Institute and a professor of psychology at Northeastern University in Boston.

One year after the initial scans, 23 of the high-risk patients had experienced a psychotic episode and were diagnosed with schizophrenia. In those patients’ scans, taken before their diagnosis, the researchers identified a specific pattern of activity that was different from the healthy control subjects and the at-risk subjects who had not developed psychosis.

For example, in most people, a brain region known as the superior temporal gyrus, which is involved in auditory processing, is highly connected to brain regions involved in sensory perception and motor control. However, in patients who developed psychosis, the superior temporal gyrus became more connected to limbic regions, which are involved in processing emotions. This could help explain why patients with schizophrenia usually experience auditory hallucinations, the researchers say.

In addition, high-risk patients who did not go on to develop psychosis showed network connectivity nearly identical to that of the healthy subjects.

This type of distinctive brain activity could be useful as an early indicator of schizophrenia, especially since it may be seen in even younger patients. The team is currently conducting similar research with younger at-risk populations, including children with a family history of schizophrenia.

“That really gets at the heart of how we can translate this clinically, because we can get in earlier and earlier to identify aberrant networks in the hopes that we can do earlier interventions, and possibly even prevent psychiatric disorders,” Whitfield-Gabrieli says.

She and her colleagues are now testing early interventions, such as cognitive behavioral therapy and neural feedback, that could help mitigate the symptoms of schizophrenia. The neural feedback approach involves training patients to use mindfulness meditation to reduce activity in the superior temporal gyrus, which tends to increase before and during auditory hallucinations.

The researchers are still following the patients in the current study and analyzing data on the brain’s white matter connections to see if they yield any additional differences that could also serve as early indicators of disease.

The study also involved Jijun Wang of the Shanghai Mental Health Center; William Stone and the late Larry Seidman, both of Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center in Boston; and Martha Shenton of Brigham and Women’s Hospital in Boston.

Source: Massachusetts Institute of Technology

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