#Armament Research and Development Establishment

[mariacallous]

KYIV, Ukraine—The office of Practika, a Ukrainian company specializing in armored vehicles, is concealed behind a tall security gate that fences off an anodyne suburban building that is otherwise indistinguishable from the neighborhood’s many residential homes. But step inside and one is immediately thrust into another world: that of Ukraine’s precocious defense sector.

Companies such as Practika have allowed Ukraine to manufacture more than a third of its own battlefield hardware at a fraction of the cost of arms industries elsewhere in Europe. Indeed, Ukraine’s weapon-makers also provide a template—and an opportunity—for modernizing the rest of Europe’s militaries.

Speaking to Foreign Policy in April, Practika’s top executive, Yuliia Vysotska, presented sleek marketing literature that displays a spectacular range of military vehicles, including a mobile guard house, armored trucks, and other tactical multipurpose vehicles mounted with firepower.

“We know exactly what’s needed and can shift quickly as new needs arise because we’re in direct contact with the front,” said Vysotska, who also heads the League of Defense Companies of Ukraine.

About 200 of Practika’s staff, for example, are research and development engineers who repair and adapt the machinery according to the specific, rapidly changing conditions of the battlefield.

“We’ll supply the weaponry of future because this is what war will look like,” Vysotska said, gesturing around herself to indicate all of Ukraine.

Ukrainians such as Vysotska aren’t the only ones championing the country’s dynamic new sector: Denmark, among other countries, is now purchasing equipment including howitzers, missiles, and long-range strike drones directly from Ukraine—and for Ukraine. It is an ideal way for countries without their own developed defense industries to aid Ukraine, and simultaneously to build out Europe’s production capacities. Three Nordic countries, the European Union, and Canada plan to spend roughly $1 billion dollars on the Ukrainian defense market through 2025.

��The Danish model of support is effective and fast,” said Ukrainian Deputy Defense Minister Dmytro Klymenkov last year, “as it allows us to reduce our dependence on international aid and respond flexibly to the frontline.”

And figures in the Danish industry are gushing over it, too: It’s “a win-win for European defence: cheaper, faster supply to Ukrainian forces and a bigger defence industrial capacity for Europe,” wrote Fabrice Pothier of the Danish consulting firm Rasmussen Global in a post on LinkedIn.

Vysotska is obviously proud of the metallurgy company that she took over from her father in the aughts—when it produced safes. In 2009, Practika’s first armored transporter rolled out of its single plant. When Russia invaded Ukraine and annexed Crimea in 2014, Practika switched to diverse tactical combat vehicles, expanding its production, eventually, to three factories and new products—the kind that Ukraine’s military, border guards, and police units urgently required to stem the Russian advance.

Ukraine’s competitive advantage is on full display in Practika’s flagship product: the Kozak 2M1, a nimble, mine-resistant personnel carrier that sports a 14.5 mm heavy machine gun.

“They save the lives of our troops—every day,” Vysotska said, underscoring that the 14-ton model’s V-shaped hull offers special protection against roadside bombs, hand grenades, and anti-personnel explosives. Operated by a crew of two, the Kozak 2M1 transports six troops in full battle gear and hits a top speed of 110 kilometers per hour (68 mph). It lists at around $450,000—about $150,000 to $250,000 less than equivalent models manufactured beyond Ukraine.

Practika is among about 400 established private armament manufacturers in the country that the war has shot to the fore of domestic arms production. (The Ukrainian government counts more than 1,500 military technology start-ups.) So impressively has the private sector stepped up—and outshined the state arms manufacturer that is the primary supplier of Ukraine’s armed forces—that ever more foreign countries are interested in purchasing Ukrainian weaponry for themselves. (It is illegal in wartime Ukraine to sell armaments to foreign buyers for their own purposes.)

Enterprises such as Practika are at the cutting edge of modern warfare, said Taras Kuzio, a political scientist at the Kyiv-Mohyla National University. “Because of this war’s existential nature, Ukraine couldn’t take years to produce military wares, the way it is in the West with so much bureaucracy and long gestation periods,” he said. “These companies have only weeks or months.”

Kuzio predicted that the war would end in Ukraine’s favor, and that the country will be among the world’s five largest arms producers when it’s over. Ukraine’s defense minister said in January that in 2025 alone, the country’s defense industrial capacity could reach 34 billion euros ($35.4 billion)—more than a fifth of Europe’s entire defense industry revenues.

Ukraine’s industry has ramped up exponentially since the full invasion, but it didn’t start from scratch. In the Soviet era, Ukraine was a hub for military-industrial research and development, and factories across the country manufactured missiles, transport aircraft, tanks, surface ships, and marine and aircraft engines. Ukraine remained a producer of armaments and other technology in the post-Cold War decades, but it was between 2014 and 2021 that military procurement shot up 13 times over: from $62 million to $836 million. During roughly the same period, market share of private arms companies more than doubled. After the full-scale invasion began in February 2022, government spending on arms and dual-use goods surged to nearly $31 billion. Setting the stage for this trend were several government reforms, including the creation of the Ministry of Strategic Industries, the implementation of more transparent arms procurement guidelines, and an overhaul of the state-owned arms companies. Nevertheless, when the full invasion began, foreign weaponry constituted the bulk of supply. But in some sectors, that’s quickly changing.

Ukraine’s drone production is already legendary—and more innovations are in the works.

“Ukrainian drones fly further and can carry ever more payload,” said Oleksii Babenko, the owner of Vyriy Drones, a firm that began operations in 2022. Ukraine now produces unmanned aerial systems equipped with payloads capable of striking heavy equipment such as tanks and armored personnel carriers.

Earlier this year, Babenko’s company supplied its first 1,000 drones that had been produced exclusively with Ukrainian components. Vyriy manufactures its own frames, initiation boards, flight controllers, and radio control systems; other domestic companies supply the likes of cameras and video.

“Almost none of these parts were made in Ukraine before the full invasion,” Babenko told Foreign Policy, adding that originally, much of the tech had come from China. When a foreign county requested that Vyriy Drones manufacture several thousand long-range homing strike drones for its own purposes, Babenko insisted that it buy an equal number for Ukraine.

The arms laboratory that is Ukraine has innovations in progress that are reshaping modern warfare. Interceptor drones capable of destroying enemy reconnaissance drones are already in the field. Add to that the likes of long-range missile-drone hybrids that rely on turbojet engines and function similar to cruise missiles; malware-equipped drones that destroy themselves should they be captured; remotely controlled bombs that move on tracked wheels; and remotely guided trolleys, which can be used to transport casualties from the battlefield.

Moreover, the one-drone model is quickly becoming redundant. So-called drone swarms are the future: autonomous, intelligent networks of multiple drones operated by a single system.

One of the Danish government’s top scores—and the talk of Europe’s defense industry—is the 2S22 Bohdana self-propelled howitzer, a long-range artillery piece mounted on a six-wheel truck chassis, manufactured to NATO specs by the Kramatorsk Heavy Duty Machine Tool Building Plant. The vehicle features an armored cabin at the front and artillery system at the rear that can hit enemy targets up to 50 kilometers (31 miles) away with rocket-assisted artillery projectiles. The Bohdana’s added value over similar weaponry produced in Europe is its precision firing and durability.

Moreover, say the Danes, Ukrainian weapons are easier to maintain in a combat-ready state. And, at 2.8 million euros per unit, the price is half that of its French equivalent and a quarter of Germany’s. The maker claims that it can repair damaged units within 48 hours and unlike the small handfuls in the West, forty units a month are rolling out of the Kramatorsk production facilities.

Europe’s private sector spots a bargain in Ukraine, too. Perhaps the highest-profile example is the German arms manufacturer Rheinmetall, which—in a joint venture with Ukraine’s state-owned arms maker—has already fabricated one factory in Ukraine for armored vehicles and plans to construct three more: a gunpowder production facility, one for artillery shell manufacturing, and an air defense systems production facility.

Direct investment is happening as well.

“We want Western companies to have a stake in the industry, to be part of it, and have an interest in its long-term growth,” said Denys Gurak, a partner at MITS Capital, a Kyiv-based international investment company working on defense. “The Ukraine defense sector is interesting for a West rearming itself in the face of new battlefield threats,” he added.

As the Brussels think tank Bruegel put it in a recent policy brief: Ukraine is becoming “Europe’s arsenal.”

[pathoscleaved]

𝐁𝐋𝐔𝐄 𝐔𝐌𝐁𝐑𝐄𝐋𝐋𝐀

I follow the lore implied that Wesker is behind Blue Umbrella/is the Umbrella Co. executive.

There are a lot of ties to this theory.

After betraying Umbrella and testifying on the stand, he stole the last of the Archives from the Caucasus base. Wesker would keep the archives he recovered and took over all of Umbrella's assets, planning to establish a new Umbrella.

In 2017, the Umbrella Co. Anti-Bioweapon Development Bureau based in the U.S. developed the "Anti-B.O.W. Arms Albert System Weapon Series" using Wesker's research results. The smallest unit in this series was the Samurai Edge Albert W. Model 01 handgun deemed to be humanity's penultimate anti-biohazard armament and based on Wesker's custom Samurai Edge. Another was the Thor's Hammer Albert.W.Model 02, a 12-gauge automatic shotgun. Umbrella conducted development based on mass-production to be supplied for testing to anti-biohazard units such as the BSAA. His anti-B.O.W. research results were extremely effective in redeeming most of the old Umbrella's dark legacy and mesmerized the researchers.

The entire Anti-B.O.W. Arms Albert System Weapon Series was created from Wesker's own research. Joseph Kendo, who worked on S.T.A.R.S's weapons is also under employ by Blue Umbrella. The executive and owner of Blue Umbrella remains anonymous, completely enshrouded. . . but his telling information about Las Plagas, TRICELL's involvement in Africa, and the 2004 Abduction of the President's Daughter all line up to show that Wesker is the executive.

But, Viktor, why would Blue Umbrella be created?

In the event that Wesker's plan fell through, he had to create a backup: Blue Umbrella. Knowing that the BSAA was corrupt, Albert simultaneously worked on Uroboros & Blue Umbrella so if one plan could not heal the world, the other could. Blue Umbrella was inspired by Chris Redfield; Albert figured that if his modality of purging the earth could not save it, then perhaps Chris's notion of defending it was better.

Since 2007, Blue Umbrella has been slowly collecting evidence for a case against the BSAA. Things changed in 2010, as Blue Umbrella secretly had its own Defense Force activated as the UN wished for Blue Umbrella to catch the BSAA in a sting operation; they were sanctioned by the UN & NATO in a hush-hush manner. There, Dr. Albert Wesker revealed he was still alive, but in a generous show of resources and technology he had been working on, he offered to defend the world instead of kill it. He provided documentation from his time with TRICELL to show other organizations that went heel and had added to corruption within the BSAA. Citing Chris Redfield as his reason for his turn, sharing Project W content with the UN, and showing himself as owner of Blue Umbrella, Wesker was trusted to fulfill Blue Umbrella's goal of a better world. His information also incriminating the previous Umbrella Co was a show of his integrity.

With a life-time prison sentence hanging over his head if he messed up, Wesker maintains clear decorum when interacting as the Captain of Blue Umbrella's Defense Force. On the surface, the organization uses outside talent. . . except for the Blue Umbrella Defense Force.

By the time of approval, the Defense Force was made up of two personnel, both B.O.W.s: Dr. Albert Wesker & Shiloh, a Cerberus that was trained & found personally by Wesker. Knowing about the Blue Umbrella Defense Force requires Top Secret Clearance. In the time span between 2010 and 2017, Albert operated under the name "Barret Welkes," an anagram of his name, and used it during missions. Upon meeting Chris again in 2017, Albert dropped the alias and started using his name again to identify himself.

Then, when Chris accepts the offer to join Blue Umbrella fulltime, Albert steps down as Head Captain of the Defense Force, and becomes team medic and handler/trainer to the C-9 (Cerberus) unit. He still retains his captain designation, but answers to Chris. Chris's Hound Wolf Squad eventually joined under the Blue Umbrella banner. Because of this, Wesker was also a member of Hound Wolf Squad: he chose the name Remus, and Shiloh had the name Romulus.

Blue Umbrella has invented many things:

The Med Injector

Anti B.O.W. ammo: custom tailored to not harm Shiloh or Wesker or those carrying the antibodies from their blood

Anti-Regen Ammo: RAMRODS (for fungal B.O.W.s)

A personal phone / communicator device

Vaccines for every B.O.W. they come into contact with

- Cure for E-Type Infection

AMD Helmet Hud + System (switches to Rebreather Mode and has an oxygen tank that refills; can be upgraded with various parts like Nightvision)

And more!

Members of the BUDF are often innoculated with a vaccine made of Albert Wesker's blood that has the Uroboros virus isolated.

They handle many cases with B.O.W.s and their uniforms and equipment are patterned off of S.T.A.R.S.

They have a headquarters in Munster, Indiana.

Mentioned

↳ @valour-bound

[usafphantom2]

Chinese Navy Fujian aircraft carrier advances with J-35 stealth fighter tests

Fernando Valduga By Fernando Valduga 12/13/2023 - 12:15 in Military

The recent progress of the Chinese Navy is evident in the Fujian aircraft carrier, Type 003 model, including tests with the J-35 stealth jet.

The tests include electromagnetic catapults with two red vehicles and an aircraft similar to the J-35 stealth fighter on deck, as reported by passengers flying over the aircraft carrier.

Chinese media sources released new photos depicting Fujian's activities, including the J-35 stealth fighter, initially identified from low-resolution images and later confirmed in sharper images. This aircraft is probably the first to undergo electromagnetic catapult tests in Fujian.

The J-35 is a next-generation multifunctional poaching fighter, developed by China as an improved and combat-ready version of the FC-31, an aircraft carrier-based fighter. Scheduled to debut in 2021, the J-35 is a collaborative effort led by the Chinese Aeronautical Establishment, AVIC's Shenyang Aircraft Research and Design Institute and the 29º Chengdu Research Institute of China Electronics Technology Group Corporation.

The FC-31, predecessor of the J-35, debuted in 2012. However, China has never mass-produced it, mainly due to inexperience in the manufacture of jet engines. The FC-31 is equipped with Klimov RD-33 engines, the same as those used in Russia's MiG-29 aircraft. China has faced challenges in the design of high-performance turbofan engines with post-combustion, especially in metallurgy, although it has made significant progress in other aircraft components.

The J-35 meets the urgent need of the People's Liberation Army Navy for a stealth fighter capable of operating from future aircraft carriers. This is partly a response to the U.S. F-35B and F-35C stealth fighters developed for amphibian assault ships and aircraft carriers.

After the inaugural flight of the J-35 in 2021, it is expected to undergo about five years of testing before active service. As the FC-31 has been tested for many years as a technical demonstrator, this testing period may be reduced, according to Chinese defense experts.

Chinese J-35 stealth jet.

Satellite images from November 2023 indicated that Fujian temporarily left its pier, suggesting an imminent maritime test. With a displacement of almost 80,000 tons, the aircraft carrier can accommodate more than 20 aircraft, such as the J-35 twin-engine jet.

In addition to the J-35, other aircraft scheduled for testing include the KJ-600 early air alert aircraft and the Z-20 utility helicopter, which has already been widely deployed in several Chinese military branches. The KJ-600, crucial for aircraft carrier combat capability, will probably follow the J-35 in the test sequence. Unmanned aerial vehicles are also on the testing agenda, with a forecast to be tested after the J-15T and Z-20.

Tags: Military AviationPLAN - People's Liberation Army Navy / People's Liberation Army Navyaircraft carrierShenyang J-35

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Fernando Valduga

Fernando Valduga

Aviation photographer and pilot since 1992, has participated in several events and air operations, such as Cruzex, AirVenture, Dayton Airshow and FIDAE. He has work published in specialized aviation magazines in Brazil and abroad. Uses Canon equipment during his photographic work in the world of aviation.

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[walkingghotst]

Europe Military Drones Market Key Companies Profile, Supply, Demand and SWOT Analysis (2023-2028)

The Europe military drones market is expected to grow from US$ 3,834.49 million in 2023 to US$ 5,931.60 million by 2028. It is estimated to grow at a CAGR of 9.1% from 2023 to 2028.

Surge in Global Defense Sector Fuels Europe Military Drones Market

The ongoing transformation in modern warfare systems is urging governments regionally to increase financial allocations for their respective military forces. This increased budgetary capacity empowers military forces to acquire state-of-the-art technologies and equipment from both domestic and international suppliers. Simultaneously, soldier and military vehicle modernization initiatives are gaining traction in numerous countries. Given the escalating need to bolster military capabilities with advanced technologies, armaments, and vehicles, defense forces globally are investing substantial amounts. The continuous drive to integrate novel technologies into both offensive and defensive operations by defense forces is further boosting defense spending.

Asymmetric warfare or today's battlefields demand enormous information to execute operations successfully. Fiscal budgets are now heavily focused on robotic platforms and related technologies, contributing significantly to the development and procurement of military drones.

Download our Sample PDF Report

@ https://www.businessmarketinsights.com/sample/BMIRE00028705

Europe Military Drones Market Overview

By country, the Europe military drones market is segmented into France, Germany, Italy, the UK, Russia, and the Rest of Europe. Government authorities in Europe are rolling out new regulations for military drones. According to a news article by the European Commission in January 2023, new European Union (EU) rules focusing on establishing a dedicated airspace for drones—U-space—were enforced, allowing operators to provide a broader range of services. This U-space creates a safe operating environment for drones and facilitates the scaling up of the drone industry. These rules will contribute to improved military drones' performance in carrying out complex, long-distance operations. They also prioritize the technological development of drones under Drone Strategy 2.0 and support the full implementation of U-space by 2030. Furthermore, in May 2022, the Indian government conducted Bharat Drone Mahotsav 2022 to promote the use of drone technologies in defense. Such government initiatives are pivotal for the adoption and technological evolution of military drones, driving market growth.

Europe Military Drones Market Segmentation

Europe Military Drones Market By Type

Group 1

Group 2

Group 3

Group 4

Group 5

Europe Military Drones Market By Application

ISR

Warfare

Europe Military Drones Market By Range

Short Range

Medium Range

Long Range

Europe Military Drones Market By Technology

Fixed Wing

Rotary Wing

Europe Military Drones Market Regions and Countries Covered  

Europe

UK

Germany

France

Russia

Italy

Rest of Europe

Europe Military Drones Market leaders and key company profiles

AeroVironment Inc

BAE Systems Plc

Elbit Systems Ltd

General Atomics

Lockheed Martin Corp

Northrop Grumman Corp

Textron Systems Corp

Thales SA

The Boeing Co

Israel Aerospace Industries Ltd

About Us:

Business Market Insights is a market research platform that provides subscription service for industry and company reports. Our research team has extensive professional expertise in domains such as Electronics & Semiconductor; Aerospace & Defense; Automotive & Transportation; Energy & Power; Healthcare; Manufacturing & Construction; Food & Beverages; Chemicals & Materials; and Technology, Media, & Telecommunications

[literaturereviewhelp]

The modern world is characterized by a great deal of instability that can threaten the world order established after the Second World War. It becomes clear that the created paradigms are inefficient in meeting the challenges of the world that ceased to be two-pole over two decades ago. The issues concerning alliances come to the fore as countries are trying to ensure stability and the balance of power. This paper includes a generic hypothesis related to the existing world order through the lens of the theory of power balance. The balance of power theory is one of the most widespread approaches to treating issues related to international relations as well as processes taking place within nations. The balance of power theory holds that countries are “constantly engaged in building, maintaining, and defending the international balance,” which is the balance of power central to stability and peace in the world. The major premise of the theory is that countries try to gain resources and build alliances to make sure that no other nation can swallow them. Since all countries are involved in such processes, the international balance is achieved as countries balance each other. At that, such variables as alliance formation and level of threat are central to understanding the peculiarities of modern international relations. It is necessary to identify major concepts of the Power Balance theory to apply it effectively and develop a hypothesis involving the variables mentioned. As has been mentioned above, the theory is grounded on the assumption that all countries strive for gaining power. Some of them try to achieve the preponderance of power while others focus on being safe and avoiding situations when they can be swallowed by more powerful nations. Two primary patterns of the balance of power have been identified, direct opposition and competition. The pattern of direct opposition implies the situation when one nation wants to take control over the other that “refuses to yield.” The pattern of the competition involves three actors. Two bigger nations’ powers are quite equal, and they balance each other, which makes it impossible for them to gain control over the third country. Apart from the basic principles governing international relations, it is important to understand instrumentation used by countries. Researchers have outlined several tools countries use to achieve their goals in terms of gaining or maintaining power. These instruments include armaments, compensation, buffer zones, alliances, intervention, and divide and conquer. Armament is one of the easiest ways to gain and exercise power over other nations as the country that has a mighty army and sufficient weapons (nuclear weapons, for example) may control to a certain extent other countries. The next tool, seizing territories, involves the situation when a more powerful country (country A) is about to swallow a less powerful nation (country B) but has to share with other powerful actors (country C). Thus, country A has to give away a part of the seized territories of country B to compensate for the disturbance of the balance of power created previously. The establishment of alliances implies the collaboration of nations that want to gain or maintain their powers. Setting up buffer zones consists of ensuring the neutrality of a weaker nation located between two powerful countries. Intervention is a common practice in international relations since many powerful countries interfere with the internal affairs of smaller and less powerful nations. The final tool to be described is divide and conquer which implies activities of a powerful country aimed at breaking alliance (or encouraging, at least, some actors to withdraw) that prevent the nation from achieving its goals. It is important to keep these instruments in mind when considering the variables mentioned above. The level of threat is the independent variable that can be applicable when focusing on international relations. The level of threat involves possible risks a country may face in the international arena as well as regarding domestic issues. When applied within the context of the Power Balance theory, the level of threat can be regarded as a measurement of possible tools that can be used against a country (see figure 1). Importantly, the degree of power of the alliance (both existing or possible) is also associated with a threat as weak alliances make nations vulnerable to other risks. Figure 1: The Level of Threat. The distribution of elements is different for every country as each nation can be a target of each of these threats. Importantly, the size of the country, resources available as well as the amount of power gained affect the level of threat. It is necessary to note that even large and powerful countries are often under pressure, and the level of threat can be even higher compared to smaller nations. For instance, in small countries, the level of threat can be quite low if they have formed strong alliances with other small or bigger nations. At that, the level of threat of powerful countries can grow due to the empowerment of other actors (including alliances of smaller countries). Therefore, when looking into international relations, the use of this independent variable is critical. The dependent variable that can be employed to evaluate the peculiarities of international relations is alliance formation. This involves such aspects as the willingness of actors to participate and the size of contribution aimed at the increase of the alliance power. As has been mentioned above, the alliance is seen as an effective tool to address challenges including a high level of threat. Remarkably, the size and power of a nation are not relevant when measuring alliance formation. It is possible to come up with a generic hypothesis concerning international relations. Thus, the level of threat the country faces positively correlates with the alliance formation that can be measured by the affected country’s willingness to form an alliance and keep it strong and viable. The contribution of the country to the development of the alliance is also important. The generic hypothesis can be formulated as follows: Country A if facing a high level of threat from countries B and C is willing to ally with county D, or even B or C (see figure 2). Read the full article

[news365timesindia]

[ad_1] The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully completed the flight-test of its Guided Pinaka Weapon System, marking a key advancement in its defense capabilities. The tests evaluated the system’s range, accuracy, and rate of fire for engaging multiple targets. The tests involved launching 12 rockets from upgraded Pinaka launchers in three phases across different ranges. #WATCH | Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully completed the Flight Tests of Guided Pinaka Weapon System as part of Provisional Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR) Validation Trials. The flight tests have been conducted in three phases at… pic.twitter.com/WNOkwz9D9H — NewsMobile (@NewsMobileIndia) November 14, 2024 The success of the Pinaka system is a boost to India’s ‘Make in India’ defense initiative, with global interest growing. France has expressed interest in acquiring the Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL) to strengthen its defense. Reports suggest that France plans to test the system soon, highlighting the growing defense ties between India and France. The Pinaka, developed by Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE), was first deployed during the 1999 Kargil War and has since become a key part of India’s artillery. The system can launch 12 rockets in quick succession, covering an area of 700 x 500 meters in just 44 seconds. The Pinaka Mk-II, an upgraded version with a range of 60 km, has further improved its capabilities. With its guided version, the Pinaka now has precision strike capabilities and a range of up to 120 km, with plans for even longer ranges. It is deployed by the Indian Army along the LoC with Pakistan and the LAC with China. France’s interest in the Pinaka system comes as part of stronger defense relations with India. France is India’s second-largest defense supplier after Russia, and the growing defense cooperation reflects the strategic partnership between the two nations. The successful export of the Pinaka system to Armenia further positions India as a key global defense player. Click here for Latest Fact Checked News On NewsMobile WhatsApp Channel For viral videos and Latest trends subscribe to NewsMobile YouTube Channel and Follow us on Instagram [ad_2] Source link

[news365times]

[ad_1] The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) successfully completed the flight-test of its Guided Pinaka Weapon System, marking a key advancement in its defense capabilities. The tests evaluated the system’s range, accuracy, and rate of fire for engaging multiple targets. The tests involved launching 12 rockets from upgraded Pinaka launchers in three phases across different ranges. #WATCH | Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) has successfully completed the Flight Tests of Guided Pinaka Weapon System as part of Provisional Staff Qualitative Requirements (PSQR) Validation Trials. The flight tests have been conducted in three phases at… pic.twitter.com/WNOkwz9D9H — NewsMobile (@NewsMobileIndia) November 14, 2024 The success of the Pinaka system is a boost to India’s ‘Make in India’ defense initiative, with global interest growing. France has expressed interest in acquiring the Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL) to strengthen its defense. Reports suggest that France plans to test the system soon, highlighting the growing defense ties between India and France. The Pinaka, developed by Armament Research & Development Establishment (ARDE), was first deployed during the 1999 Kargil War and has since become a key part of India’s artillery. The system can launch 12 rockets in quick succession, covering an area of 700 x 500 meters in just 44 seconds. The Pinaka Mk-II, an upgraded version with a range of 60 km, has further improved its capabilities. With its guided version, the Pinaka now has precision strike capabilities and a range of up to 120 km, with plans for even longer ranges. It is deployed by the Indian Army along the LoC with Pakistan and the LAC with China. France’s interest in the Pinaka system comes as part of stronger defense relations with India. France is India’s second-largest defense supplier after Russia, and the growing defense cooperation reflects the strategic partnership between the two nations. The successful export of the Pinaka system to Armenia further positions India as a key global defense player. Click here for Latest Fact Checked News On NewsMobile WhatsApp Channel For viral videos and Latest trends subscribe to NewsMobile YouTube Channel and Follow us on Instagram [ad_2] Source link

[forblogmostly]

Apollo Micro Systems Secures Strategic Defence Contracts and Emerges as Lowest Bidder for GNC Kit

On September 16, 2024, Apollo Micro Systems Limited, a leading player in the defense and aerospace sector, shared significant business updates that are set to strengthen its position in the industry. The company announced the receipt of two vital orders, which collectively mark a notable achievement for its operations. This development comes as Apollo Micro Systems continues to advance its commitment to delivering cutting-edge solutions to India’s defense sector.

The first major announcement involved two key orders worth a total of Rs. 4.70 crores. These orders have been secured from Economic Explosives Ltd and ARDE (Armament Research and Development Establishment), a part of the prestigious Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO). Both organizations are integral to India’s defense ecosystem, and securing orders from them reflects Apollo Micro Systems' reputation for excellence and reliability. This new contract demonstrates the company’s technical prowess and its ability to meet the specific needs of critical defense projects.

Economic Explosives Ltd is well-known for its contributions to the explosives industry, and its decision to collaborate with Apollo Micro Systems signifies the trust it places in the company’s ability to deliver high-quality solutions. Similarly, ARDE’s choice to partner with Apollo Micro Systems further cements the company's position as a trusted supplier in the defense space. These partnerships align with Apollo’s ongoing efforts to expand its portfolio in defense technology and meet the growing demand for advanced systems within the sector.

In addition to the news of these significant orders, Apollo Micro Systems also revealed its selection as the Lowest Bidder (L1) for a major project involving the GNC (Guidance, Navigation, and Control) Kit. This project, worth Rs. 72.26 crores, is a collaboration with Munitions India Limited, a state-run defense organization responsible for producing munitions and related products for the Indian armed forces. Emerging as the L1 bidder indicates that Apollo Micro Systems has met all required criteria while offering the most competitive price for this project, further solidifying its position as a leading contender in the defense manufacturing sector.

The GNC Kit project is a significant milestone for Apollo Micro Systems, as it involves advanced technologies that are critical for the success of modern defense initiatives. The kit itself is designed to enhance the precision and effectiveness of various weapon systems, making it a crucial component in the arsenal of India’s defense forces. Apollo’s expertise in delivering such sophisticated systems will be integral to the success of this project, and its involvement is likely to have far-reaching implications for the company’s growth trajectory in the coming years.

For stakeholders and investors, this news brings promising prospects. The combined value of the orders and the GNC Kit project, amounting to nearly Rs. 77 crores, marks a substantial boost to Apollo Micro Systems' revenue stream. More importantly, it underscores the company’s ability to consistently win significant contracts within a competitive market, highlighting its status as a trusted and capable partner in the defense industry.

These developments are not just important from a financial standpoint but also reflect the strategic direction Apollo Micro Systems is taking as it deepens its engagement with key defense organizations. By securing such prestigious contracts and emerging as the preferred bidder for high-value projects, the company is effectively positioning itself as a major player in India’s defense manufacturing sector, which is rapidly growing in response to both domestic and global security demands.

Apollo Micro Systems Limited has long been recognized for its innovation and technological advancements, particularly in the areas of defense and aerospace. The company has built a strong portfolio of products and services, ranging from advanced electronic systems to specialized defense equipment. Over the years, Apollo has established a solid reputation for delivering reliable and cutting-edge solutions that meet the stringent requirements of military operations.

As the defense sector continues to evolve, Apollo Micro Systems is well-equipped to meet the challenges and opportunities that lie ahead. With a focus on research and development, the company remains committed to delivering world-class solutions that support India's defense capabilities. Its recent successes, including the new orders and the GNC Kit project, are a testament to its continued growth and leadership in the industry.

These latest announcements are sure to be of great interest to shareholders, who can view the company’s expanding order book as a positive indicator of future growth. Apollo Micro Systems' strategic moves, coupled with its solid track record of delivering on high-profile projects, place it in an excellent position to capitalize on the growing demand for defense and aerospace solutions both within India and internationally.

For further information on Apollo Micro Systems' business developments and ongoing projects, stakeholders are encouraged to stay updated through official communications from the company. The recent orders and the Lowest Bidder status underscore Apollo’s role in shaping the future of defense technology, and the company’s ongoing efforts to drive innovation and excellence within the sector are poised to deliver lasting impact.

About Apollo Micro Systems Limited

Apollo Micro Systems Limited is a renowned entity in the defense and aerospace industry, specializing in the design, development, and production of advanced electronic and electromechanical systems. With a focus on innovation and excellence, the company serves a wide range of applications, from defense to space exploration. As a publicly listed entity, Apollo Micro Systems remains committed to enhancing its technological capabilities and expanding its footprint within the global defense sector.

[satelitephones123]

Technologies used in anti-submarine warfare

Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW)

Anti-Submarine Warfare (ASW) stands as a cornerstone of naval operations, particularly in modern maritime security strategies. Its evolution is intertwined with the constant advancement of submarine technology, requiring naval forces to continuously adapt to new challenges and threats beneath the waves.

ASW's primary objective is to detect, track, and neutralize hostile submarines. The development of effective ASW techniques and technologies has been paramount in safeguarding maritime trade routes, protecting naval assets, and ensuring national security.

Historically, ASW techniques were rudimentary, relying on surface vessels equipped with sonar systems and depth charges. However, as submarines grew more sophisticated, ASW strategies had to evolve. This led to the development of advanced sonar systems, such as passive and active sonars, capable of detecting submarines at greater distances and with higher precision.

Modern ASW operations integrate various platforms and technologies, including maritime patrol aircraft, helicopters, unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs), and surface ships. These assets work collaboratively to establish a multi-layered defense against submarines.

One of the most critical aspects of ASW is intelligence gathering and analysis. Naval forces employ a combination of signals intelligence (SIGINT), acoustic intelligence (ACINT), and other reconnaissance methods to locate and track submarines. This information is then used to deploy ASW assets effectively.

Moreover, ASW operations often require close coordination with allied forces and intelligence agencies. Navies routinely conduct joint exercises and share intelligence to enhance their ASW capabilities and interoperability.

In recent years, advancements in sensor technology, data processing, and artificial intelligence (AI) have revolutionized ASW. Autonomous systems equipped with advanced sensors can now detect and track submarines with unprecedented accuracy and efficiency. This has significantly expanded the reach and effectiveness of ASW operations, enabling navies to cover larger areas more comprehensively.

As the underwater domain becomes increasingly contested, ASW will remain a critical component of naval warfare. Navies will continue to invest in research and development to stay ahead of emerging threats and maintain their supremacy beneath the waves.

SH-60B Helicopter

The SH-60B Seahawk helicopter is a versatile maritime aircraft renowned for its exceptional anti-submarine warfare (ASW) capabilities. Developed by Sikorsky Aircraft Corporation, the SH-60B has been an integral part of naval aviation since its introduction in the 1980s.

Designed as a multi-mission platform, the SH-60B is equipped with state-of-the-art sensors and weapons systems specifically tailored for ASW operations. Its primary sensor is the AN/AQS-13F dipping sonar, which enables it to detect and track submarines beneath the surface effectively. In addition to the dipping sonar, the SH-60B is outfitted with a magnetic anomaly detector (MAD) and a sonobuoy processing system, further enhancing its ASW capabilities.

The SH-60B's armament includes Mk 46 or Mk 50 torpedoes, depth charges, and anti-submarine missiles, allowing it to engage and neutralize hostile submarines with precision and firepower. Its ability to operate from naval vessels, such as destroyers, frigates, and aircraft carriers, makes it a valuable asset for fleet protection and maritime security missions.

In addition to ASW, the SH-60B is capable of performing other roles, including search and rescue (SAR), anti-surface warfare (ASuW), and intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (ISR). Its flexibility and adaptability make it a preferred choice for naval forces worldwide.

Over the years, the SH-60B has undergone several upgrades and variants, including the SH-60F and SH-60R models, each incorporating advancements in sensor technology, avionics, and mission systems. These upgrades have ensured that the Seahawk remains at the forefront of naval aviation, capable of meeting the evolving challenges of modern maritime operations.

As navies continue to modernize their fleets and enhance their capabilities, the SH-60B Seahawk helicopter will remain a vital asset, providing unparalleled support for ASW and maritime security missions around the globe.

Warships

Warships represent the backbone of naval power projection, serving as the primary means by which maritime nations assert their influence and protect their interests at sea. These formidable vessels come in various classes and configurations, each tailored to fulfill specific roles and missions in naval warfare.

One of the most iconic types of warships is the aircraft carrier, a floating airbase capable of launching and recovering fixed-wing aircraft. Aircraft carriers play a pivotal role in power projection, enabling naval forces to extend their reach far beyond coastal waters and strike targets deep inland. These massive vessels serve as the centerpiece of carrier strike groups (CSGs), which include cruisers, destroyers, and other support ships.

Destroyers and cruisers are another essential component of modern navies, providing multi-mission capabilities ranging from anti-air warfare (AAW) and anti-submarine warfare (ASW) to anti-surface warfare (ASuW) and ballistic missile defense (BMD). Equipped with advanced sensors, weapons systems, and electronic warfare (EW) capabilities, these surface combatants serve as the first line of defense against various threats at sea.

Submarines, both nuclear-powered and diesel-electric, represent a stealthy and lethal force beneath the waves. These underwater predators are capable of conducting a wide range of missions, including intelligence gathering, anti-ship and anti-submarine warfare, and strategic deterrence. Submarines pose a significant threat to surface vessels and are instrumental in controlling strategic chokepoints and sea lanes.

Amphibious assault ships are specialized warships designed to transport and deploy Marines, troops, and equipment ashore in support of expeditionary operations. These versatile vessels serve as the cornerstone of amphibious warfare, enabling nations to conduct rapid and sustained power projection in littoral regions and contested environments.

Naval combatants rely on advanced sensors, weapons, and propulsion systems to maintain their effectiveness in modern warfare. Key technologies such as radar, sonar, missiles, torpedoes, and electronic countermeasures (ECM) play a crucial role in enhancing their survivability and lethality in combat situations.

As maritime threats continue to evolve, navies worldwide are investing in the development of next-generation warships equipped with advanced capabilities such as stealth, unmanned systems, directed energy weapons, and network-centric warfare. These advancements aim to ensure that naval forces remain agile, adaptive, and dominant in the increasingly complex and contested maritime domain.

Naval Aviation

Naval aviation is a critical component of modern naval warfare, providing navies with the ability to conduct a wide range of missions beyond the reach of traditional surface vessels. From reconnaissance and surveillance to strike and anti-submarine warfare, naval aviation assets play a pivotal role in maintaining maritime superiority and projecting power across vast oceanic expanses.

Aircraft carriers serve as the centerpiece of naval aviation, providing a mobile airbase from which fixed-wing aircraft can operate. These massive vessels enable naval forces to extend their reach far beyond coastal waters and project airpower deep into enemy territory. Carrier-based aircraft, such as fighter jets, reconnaissance planes, and airborne early warning aircraft, are essential for achieving air superiority, conducting precision strikes, and providing situational awareness to naval commanders.

In addition to aircraft carriers, naval aviation encompasses a wide variety of platforms, including maritime patrol aircraft (MPAs), helicopters, unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), and tiltrot.

[danieljmkbk]

The Unmatched Prowess of Antonov An-225 Mriya in Light Combat Aircraft

In aviation, where innovation meets the skies, two astonishing miracles stand out: the Light Combat Aircraft and the antonov an-225 mriya. Each marks the peak of engineering, pushing the limits of what is possible in aviation. In this research, we will dig into the realms of aerial domination, revealing the subtle nuances and awe-inspiring capabilities of these winged titans.

Light Combat Aircraft: Evolution in the Sky The title “Light Combat Aircraft” brings up visions of sleek, agile fighters built for aerial domination. These tiny and nimble aircraft play an important part in modern military operations. With technical developments, they have evolved into emblems of national security and technological strength, rather than simply warriors. Light Combat Aircraft (LCA) arose from the requirement for diverse combat platforms and have changed greatly over the years. They exemplify the concepts of speed, agility, and firepower, all rolled into one aerial unit. These aircraft are designed to outmanoeuvre adversaries while delivering precise strikes when needed. The Lockheed Martin F-16 Fighting Falcon is one of the most well-known examples of an LCA. The F-16, renowned for its outstanding performance and agility, has established itself as a cornerstone of air forces around the world. With its lightweight frame and strong armament, it embodies the characteristics of a modern light combat aircraft. However, the legacy of the F-16 is only one chapter in the larger story of LCA development. Countries around the world have engaged in indigenous initiatives to create their own lightweight fighters that are customized to their specific operational needs. From Sweden’s Gripen to India’s Tejas, these aircraft represent national aspirations and technological innovation. The evolution of light combat aircraft is a monument to human ingenuity and the never-ending pursuit of air superiority. As threats adapt and geopolitical landscapes change, these agile soldiers stay at the vanguard of military plans, prepared to defend and deter. Antonov An-225 Mriya, a titan among giants. Few aircraft in heavy load aviation command as much attention and respect as the Antonov An-225 Mriya. The An-225, also known as the “Dream” in Ukrainian, is a flying colossus capable of exploits that defy convention. Originally designed as a Soviet reaction to the demand for strategic airlift capabilities, the An-225 is the pinnacle of heavy lift aircraft. Its sheer size is astonishing, dwarfing all other aircraft in its category. With a maximum takeoff weight of more than 600 tons, it can transport cargoes that other cargo aircraft cannot handle. The An-225’s design revolves around its massive cargo bay, which measures more than 43 meters in length. This wide area may hold huge cargo, such as satellites, industrial machinery, and even other airplanes. Its ability to handle such large weights renders it vital in humanitarian aid missions, disaster relief initiatives, and the delivery of huge freight. The An-225’s capabilities go beyond its sheer bulk. Powered by six turbofan engines, it can travel long distances with exceptional efficiency, making it an invaluable asset in global transportation networks. Despite its imposing size, the An-225 is surprisingly maneuverable, flying from a wide range of airports and airfields around the world. Beyond its utilitarian duty, the An-225 has captured the imagination of aviation fans all over the world. Its striking silhouette and exquisite movements inspire awe and admiration. Each flight is a spectacle, attracting large audiences anxious to see its majestic presence in the sky.

Conclusion: Where Innovation Soars. In the dynamic world of aviation, where invention knows no bounds, the light combat aircraft and the Antonov An-225 Mriya are examples of human ingenuity and ambition. From the nimble fighters patrolling the skies to the massive cargo planes carrying nations’ weight, each is an engineering marvel and a beacon of development. As we look to the horizon, we are reminded of the limitless possibilities that await. The skies, once the realm of dreams and aspirations, today serve as a canvas for our shared goals. Flight inspires, innovates, and embodies the enduring spirit of discovery. The essence of flight lies in the intersection of technology and imagination — a monument to our intrinsic urge to soar above the clouds, defy gravity, and reach new heights. And in the story of the Light Combat Aircraft and the Antonov An-225 Mriya, we may see echoes of our own journey — an everlasting desire for development spurred by the timeless fascination of the skies.

[militaryleak]

Indian Army Approves Advanced Rockets for Pinaka Multi?Barrel Rocket Launchers (MBRLs)

The Indian Army has given the nod for the development of rockets to enhance the capabilities of its Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launchers (MBRLs). A source within Munitions India Limited (MIL), the state-owned rocket manufacturer, revealed that the Defence Research and Development Organisation's (DRDO) subsidiary, Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), has received official approval to spearhead the creation of two advanced rockets with striking ranges of 120 km and 300 km, respectively. The 120 km range rockets, sharing the same 214 mm caliber as existing Pinaka rockets, are set to undergo development under the watchful eye of ARDE, which is currently formulating a Preliminary Services Qualitative Requirement (PSQR). The PSQR delineates essential and desirable parameters for weapon system development, a crucial step in the Indian procurement process. While specifics on the development status of the 300 km range rocket remain undisclosed, this ambitious project marks a notable stride in India's pursuit of advanced artillery capabilities.

The Indian Army has given the nod for the development of rockets to enhance the capabilities of its Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launchers (MBRLs). A source within Munitions India Limited (MIL), the state-owned rocket manufacturer, revealed that the Defence Research and Development Organisation’s (DRDO) subsidiary, Armament Research and Development Establishment (ARDE), has received official…

[blogalkaa]

Natural dye extract supplier in India | Organic dye extracts | Dealer

A Natural dye extract supplier in India, Sam vegetable Colours Pvt. Ltd. was established in the year 1994 with four Directors

1). Mahesh Jain

2). Sajal Jain

3). Alind Jain

4). Rachit Jain

Since then the company has been exclusively and continuously working in the field as a Natural dye dealer in India. Our sister concern named “Sam-N-Ram” and “Interline exports”, with the same directors, has been taken over by the parent company i.e. Sam Vegetable Colours in 2004.

Founder of the company Sam Vegetable Colours (P) Ltd. Mr. Mahesh Chandra Jain after resigning from the post of Armament Engineer in Defence ministry, decided to start his own business in 1974. His love, affection & dedication towards Natural & Naturality could not attract him to join his parental business of Gold & Diamond jewellery. He preferred to start Menthol herb cultivation and its distillation. He remained in this Menthol cultivation and distillation business for 20 years.

As soon as in 1994 he came to know about the ban on use of azo-dyes by Germans, his interest developed to explore our centuries old vegetable dyeing heritage as organic dye extracts available in India was very few. Initially he faced lot of problems in the identification of pigment bearing vegetations, dyeing processes, as dyeing methods were being transformed by one generation to the next generation, no written literature was available except some dyed pieces were seen in different museums.

He came to know that the first National Seminar on Natural dyes was organized by NHDC at Jaipur in 1989. The first International Seminar was also organized by NHDC at Suraj Kund, New Delhi with collaboration of UNDP in 1993. So he started his research and development work on eco-friendly dyes under the guidance of Mr. H.S Ansari chief manager NHDC, Ministry of Textile and Dr. M.I.H Farooqui Phyto-chemist Dypt Director and with various renowned bio-& phyto chemists, scientists, technocrats of different technical department & laboratories of India such as NBRI, CIMAP, FRI, I.I.T Delhi etc.

[varunrajkalse]

The Canopy Severance System (CSS)

The Canopy Severance System (CSS)

The Canopy Severance System (CSS) विमान छत विच्छेदन प्रणाली… © काशिनाथ देवधर, DRDO स्वातंत्राचा अमृत महोत्सव, निमित्त लेख तिसरा: भारतीय बनावटीचे ‘तेजस’ हे हलक्या वजनाचे लढाऊ विमान (Light combat aircraft (LCA)) Indian Air force च्या एका महत्त्वाच्या तुकडीचे मुख्य घटक झाले आहे. Hindustan Aeronautics Limited (HAL) या सार्वजनिक संरक्षण उद्योगाला ८३ तेजस विमाने बनवून देण्याचा कार्य-आदेश मागच्या…

[defencecapital]

India reports successful testing of enhanced range 122mm-calibre rocket

India reports successful testing of enhanced range 122mm-calibre rocket

Photo: Enhanced range 122-mm calibre rocket being tested today. New Delhi: India today said it has successfully test-fired an enhanced range variant of the locally-made 122-mm-calibre rocket off Odisha on the east coast, thus readying a weapon that can hit targets 40 km away. The Defence Research and Development Organisation (DRDO) carried out the test from a Multi-Barrel Rocket Launcher (MBRL)…

[katchwreck]

📝List of research institutes established by the Soviet government during the period 1917–1924

A period when a bloody civil war raged in which the domestic reactionary forces received armaments and attempts of restoration through counter-revolutionary military intervention from 17 different bourgeois and imperialist armies. Not to forget mentioning the complete trade blockade (an economic siege through terroristic attrition warfare) imposed by the British Empire on the newfound proletarian and peasant Soviet state power.

📌 October 1917 - The Congress on Technical Defense of the State decided to organize a radium plant.

📌 1918 - the first one was created in Tver.

📌 1918 - The Institute for the Study of the Brain and Mental Activity was established.

📌 1918 - The Department of Industrial and Geographical Study of Russia (Institute of Geography of the Russian Academy of Sciences) was established.

📌 1918 – The Institute of Applied Mineralogy (VIMS) was established.

📌 1918 – Mining Academy (MISiS) was established.

📌 1918 – The Institute for the Study of Platinum (IONH) was established.

📌 1918 – The Institute of Out-of-School Education was established.

📌 1918 - by the decision of the Supreme Council of National Economy, the State Paper Testing Station (TsINB) was established.

📌 1918 – The Scientific Automobile Laboratory of the Supreme Council of National Economy (NAMI) was established.

📌 1918 - The Central Genetic Laboratory (VASHNIL) was established.

📌 1918 - the Central Chemical Laboratory of the Supreme Council of National Economy was established.

📌 1918 – The Scientific Institute for Fertilizers was established.

📌 1918 - Turkestan Regional Bacteriological Institute was established.

📌 January 1918 - engineer Genrikh Osipovich Graftio, on behalf of Lenin, begins to develop an estimate for the construction of the Volkhov hydroelectric power station.

📌 July 1918 - the decision of the Supreme Council of National Economy to launch the first radium plant.

📌 August 1918 - Lenin instructs Bonch-Bruevich to create the Higher Geodetic Department and the state enterprise «Aerial Photography».

📌 March 1918 - under the leadership of Zhukovsky, a flight and scientific base was created.

📌 May 1918 – Voronezh State University was opened.

📌 May 1918 – The Institute of the Child is established.

📌 July 1918 - the decision of the Supreme Council of National Economy to launch the first radium plant.

📌 August 1918 - Lenin instructs Bonch-Bruevich to create the Higher Geodetic Department and the state enterprise «Aerial Photography».

📌 Autumn 1918 – Commission on Special Artillery Experiments (KOSARTOP) was established.

📌 September 1918 - a decree was signed on the establishment of the physical and technical department of the State X-ray and Radiological Institute.

📌 September 1918 – The Higher Institute of Photography and Photographic Engineering was established.

📌 October 1918 – Lenin's order on the speedy launch of the radium plant.

📌 October 1918 - VSNKh approves the plan to create an aerohydrodynamic scientific center.

📌 December 1918 - Lenin supports the decision of the Council of People's Commissars to create TsAGI - the Central Aerohydrodynamic Institute.

📌 December 1918 – The State Optical Institute (GOI) was established.

📌 1919 – The Institute of General and Communal Hygiene was founded.

📌 1919 – The Institute of Applied Chemistry (GIPH) was founded.

📌 1919 – Institute of Prosthetics was founded.

📌 1919 – The Institute of Theoretical Astronomy is founded.

📌 1919 – Institute of Endocrine Pathology Problems was founded.

📌 1919 – State Hydrological Institute (SGI) was founded.

📌 1919 – The Sociobiological Institute was founded.

📌 1919 - The Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums was founded.

📌 1919 – Institute of Endocrine Pathology Problems was founded.

📌 1919 – State Hydrological Institute (SGI) was founded.

📌 1919 – The Sociobiological Institute was founded.

📌 1919 - The Research Institute of Vaccines and Serums was founded.

📌 1919 – Moscow City Bacteriological Institute was founded.

📌 1919 – The Main Computing Institute was founded.

📌 Spring 1919 - Commission for the Development of Heavy Aviation (COMTA).

📌 1920 - the first faculty of air communications in the country was opened at the Railway Institute (Petrograd).

📌 1920 – The Aircraft Technical School and the Higher Aviation Institute were established.

📌 1920 - Kuban State University was opened.

📌 1920 – Biochemical Institute was founded.

📌 1920 - by Lenin's decree, the Institute of Nutrition was established.

📌 1920 – Institute of Medical Radiology is founded.

📌 1920 – Volodymyr Dahl East Ukrainian National University is opened.

📌 1920 - Gribov experimental station of seed production was established.

📌 1920 – Hydrochemical Institute was founded.

📌 1920 – The Astronomical and Geodetic Institute was founded.

📌 March 1920 - the order of the service station on the construction of a radiotelephone station in Moscow on Shabolovka.

📌 March 1920 - the Northern Scientific and Fishing Expedition (Institute for the Study of the North) is created.

📌 April 1920 – The State Far Eastern University is established.

📌 June 1920 - a decision was made to create an aviation technical school and a higher aviation institute.

📌 October 1920 – establishment of the Ural State University.

📌 November 1920 – The Institute of Engineers of the Red Air Fleet is established.

▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️▫️

In total, during the years 1918–1920, about 50 research institutes were created.

Letʼs continue:

📌 January 1921 - On the instructions of Lenin, a commission is established to develop a program for the development of «Aeronautics and Aircraft Construction».

📌 March 1921 – Creation of the Floating Marine Research Institute «Plavmornin».

📌 1921 - the All-Union Research Institute of Hydraulic Engineering was founded.

📌 1921 - The Institute of Botany was founded.

📌 1921 – The Institute of Physics and Mathematics (MIAN) was founded.

📌 1921 – Omsk Bacteriological Institute was founded.

📌 1921 – The All-Russian Electrotechnical Institute was founded.

📌 1921 – The Institute of Physics and Mathematics was founded.

📌 1921 – The Higher Literary and Artistic Institute was founded.

📌 1921 – Institute of Japhetidological Surveys was founded.

📌 April 1921 – The Institute of Traumatology was founded.

📌 July 1921 – State Tuberculosis Institute was founded.

📌 October 1921 – Belarusian State University was opened.

📌 November 1921 – The State Physical and Technical X-Ray Institute (LPTI) was established.

📌 December 1921 – The State Scientific Center for Social and Forensic Psychiatry (Serbsky Institute) was founded.

📌 December 1921 – the first Soviet radium was obtained.

📌 1922 - by order of Lenin, the Radium Institute was established.

📌 1922 – People in Shabolovka broadcast a concert on the radio for the first time in the world, two months ahead of the British and French, a year ahead of the Germans.

📌 1922 – The Institute of Anthropology was founded.

📌 1922 – Tver State Technical University was founded.

📌 1922 – The Higher Art and Technical Institute (VKHUTEIN) was founded.

📌 1922 - The State Institute for the Protection of Motherhood and Infancy was founded.

📌 April 2, 1922 - the State Institute of Dentistry (GIZ) was opened.

📌 November 1922 – Museum of Anthropology founded.

📌 1923 – The Institute of Occupational Hygiene and Occupational Diseases was founded.

📌 1923 - The Institute of Emergency Care (Sklifosofsky) was founded.

📌 1923 – The Pasteur Institute is founded.

📌 1923 – Microbiological Research Institute was founded.

📌 1923 - The Research Institute of Tuberculosis was founded.

📌 1923 – Ukrainian State Institute of Industrial Chemistry was founded.

📌 1923 – Biological and Geographical Research Institute (ISU) was founded.

📌 1924 - the All-Union State Design Institute «Teploelektroproekt» (Теплоэлектропроект) was founded.

📌 June 1924 – The Far Eastern Regional Research Institute was founded.

📌 July 1924 – The State Institute of Scientific Pedagogy (GIDP) was founded.

📌 1924 – The Chemical Institute was founded.

📌 1924 - The Leningrad Institute for the Study of Occupational Diseases was founded.

📌 1924 - Szeged Institute of Grain Farming is founded.

📌 1924 – The State Research Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology was founded.

📌 August 1924 – The Institute of Dermatology and Venereology of the Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine was founded.