#Best Sample Paper for Class 12 CBSE Economics

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Best Sample Paper for Class 12 CBSE 2025 Economics

Together with CBSE Sample Paper Class 12 Economics (EAD) (Physical + Digital) for board exams 2025. Following the Latest exam pattern, Economics Class 12 CBSE Sample Paper 2024-25 offers an aligned preparation approach. 35+EAD papers to practice the newest typologies of questions as per CBSE guidelines make the students exam ready.

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Best Home Tuition Near Me – Expert Learning at Your Doorstep with Saraswati Tutorials

Are you searching for the Best Home Tuition near me to help your child achieve better academic results? Whether your child is struggling with core subjects, needs support with board exam preparation, or simply learns better in a one-on-one setting, Saraswati Tutorials offers the perfect solution — high-quality, personalized home tutoring right in your neighborhood.

In today’s competitive academic world, students often find it difficult to thrive in crowded classrooms where personal attention is limited. That’s why thousands of families are turning to trusted home tuition providers like Saraswati Tutorials to give their children the edge they need.

Why Choose Home Tuition?

Every student learns differently. Some need more time, some need concept clarity, and others just need someone to explain things their way. Home tuition creates a space where students can ask questions freely, learn at their own pace, and build confidence — all from the comfort of home.

Key benefits include:

Personalized Teaching: The tutor focuses solely on your child’s strengths and areas that need improvement.

Flexible Timings: Sessions are scheduled at times that suit your family’s routine.

One-on-One Interaction: Students can clear doubts immediately without any hesitation.

Faster Academic Improvement: Regular guidance and practice lead to better results.

Safe and Comfortable Environment: Students learn more effectively in a familiar space — their own home.

So, if you’ve been asking yourself, “Where can I find the Best Home Tuition near me?”, the answer may be just a call away.

Why Saraswati Tutorials Is the Right Choice

Saraswati Tutorials is one of the most trusted home tuition providers in Dehradun, with a wide network of qualified, friendly, and experienced tutors. Our approach is focused on ensuring that each student receives academic support tailored to their needs, goals, and school curriculum.

Here’s what makes us different:

Verified & Experienced Tutors: All our tutors go through a strict selection and background verification process.

All Classes & Boards Covered: We provide tuition from Class 1 to 12, and across CBSE, ICSE, ISC, and State Boards.

Subject Experts: Whether it's Math, Science, English, Social Science, or Commerce subjects, we match you with the right expert.

Performance Tracking: Regular feedback and assessments to track progress and ensure improvement.

Free Demo Class: Try before you commit — get a trial session to see if the tutor fits your child’s learning style.

When parents search for the Best Home Tuition near me, Saraswati Tutorials consistently ranks among the top choices thanks to our result-driven approach.

Subjects and Classes Offered

We offer expert tutoring in the following categories:

Primary Classes (1–5):

Math, English, EVS, Hindi, and General Science

Foundational reading and writing support

Concept-based and activity-based learning

Middle School (6–8):

Mathematics and Science

Social Science and English

Project guidance and assignment help

Secondary Classes (9–10):

Full subject preparation for board exams

Special focus on Math, Science, SST, and English

Sample paper practice and revision tests

Senior Secondary (11–12):

Commerce: Accountancy, Economics, Business Studies

Science: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Math

Humanities: History, Political Science, English Core

Competitive exam coaching (NEET, JEE, CUET, etc.)

Available in Your Locality

We provide home tutors across all areas of Dehradun, including:

Rajpur Road

Sahastradhara Road

Balliwala

Clement Town

Patel Nagar

Vasant Vihar

Jakhan

Prem Nagar

Subhash Nagar

Nehru Colony

Dalanwala

So wherever you’re located, when you search for the Best Home Tuition near me, Saraswati Tutorials brings expert guidance right to your doorstep.

How It Works

Getting started is simple and efficient:

Contact Us: Share your requirements — class, subject, board, and preferred timing.

Tutor Matching: We find the most suitable tutor based on your needs and location.

Free Demo Session: Evaluate the tutor’s teaching style before committing.

Start Regular Classes: Begin personalized, one-on-one sessions at home.

What Parents Say

“We were looking for the Best Home Tuition near me for my daughter in Class 10. Saraswati Tutorials matched us with a brilliant tutor who made even the toughest concepts easy to understand. Her results have improved significantly.” – Meenal Joshi, Balliwala

“My son is in Class 5 and needed help with English and Math. The tutor from Saraswati Tutorials is so patient and encouraging. I’ve seen a huge improvement in his confidence.” – Sanjay Rawat, Rajpur Road

Results That Speak for Themselves

At Saraswati Tutorials, our success is measured by student performance and satisfaction. Our students routinely show:

20–40% improvement in academic scores within 3–6 months

Enhanced conceptual clarity and retention

Better exam readiness and time management skills

Greater participation and confidence in school classrooms

When you search for the Best Home Tuition near me, you’re not just seeking convenience — you’re looking for real results. Saraswati Tutorials delivers both.

Conclusion

A good home tutor can make a lasting impact on your child’s education. With Saraswati Tutorials, you get access to experienced, compassionate, and subject-focused tutors who know how to bring out the best in each student. If you want a flexible, reliable, and affordable way to improve your child’s academic performance, look no further.

Still wondering where to find the Best Home Tuition near me? Saraswati Tutorials is just a phone call away.

[kavinderrawat]

Home Tuition in Dehradun – The Smartest Choice for Academic Excellence

In today's highly competitive academic environment, students need more than just classroom education to thrive—they need focused, personalized guidance to truly succeed. That's where Home Tuition in Dehradun by Saraswati Tutorials comes in. We bring customized, one-on-one learning experiences to the comfort of your home, designed to unlock the true academic potential of your child.

Why Choose Saraswati Tutorials for Home Tuition in Dehradun?

We understand that every child is unique—with different strengths, weaknesses, learning styles, and pace. Our approach to Home Tuition in Dehradun is built on this very principle. Whether your child needs help in understanding tough concepts or is aiming to top their class, we create a learning roadmap that is perfectly aligned to their individual goals.

With over a decade of success, Saraswati Tutorials has become a trusted name among parents seeking the best Home Tutor in Dehradun for their children’s academic growth.

Our Expert Home Tutors – The Strength Behind the Success

At the heart of our service is a hand-picked team of qualified, experienced, and passionate Home Tutors in Dehradun. Every tutor at Saraswati Tutorials is not only a subject expert but also trained in child psychology, pedagogy, and student motivation.

We provide tutors for:

Classes 1 to 12 (CBSE, ICSE, and State Board)

Science (Physics, Chemistry, Biology)

Mathematics (Basic to Advanced)

English, Hindi, Sanskrit

Social Studies, History, Geography

Commerce (Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics)

What Makes Our Home Tuition in Dehradun Stand Out

1. Personalized One-on-One Teaching

Unlike overcrowded tuition centers, we focus on personalized attention. Our tutors adapt their teaching pace and style to suit the student’s learning ability, ensuring better understanding and retention.

2. Flexible Scheduling at Your Convenience

Our tutors come to your home at a time that suits your family’s routine, ensuring that learning is both effective and stress-free.

3. Regular Assessments and Performance Reports

We conduct weekly tests, periodic assessments, and provide detailed feedback reports to track your child’s academic progress.

4. Complete Exam Preparation

Our tutors prepare students for:

Unit tests and school exams

Board exams (10th & 12th)

Olympiads and NTSE

Entrance exams like NDA, NEET, JEE, etc.

Home Tuition in Dehradun for Every Learning Stage

Primary Level (Classes 1 to 5)

We make learning fun and interactive at this level, focusing on building strong literacy, numeracy, and basic science skills.

Middle School (Classes 6 to 8)

Conceptual clarity becomes vital here. Our home tutors guide students to understand and apply concepts rather than memorize them.

Secondary Level (Classes 9 & 10)

Board exams begin here, and our Home Tutors in Dehradun ensure students are well-prepared with NCERT solutions, sample paper practices, and conceptual revisions.

Senior Secondary Level (Classes 11 & 12)

Specialized tutors for Science and Commerce streams help students tackle advanced topics and score well in board as well as competitive exams.

Benefits of Hiring a Home Tutor in Dehradun

1. Personalized Learning Pace

Every student learns differently. A Home Tutor in Dehradun adjusts the teaching speed and difficulty level to match the child’s capacity.

2. Instant Doubt Resolution

Unlike in schools, students can ask questions freely and get their doubts cleared instantly, building confidence and deep understanding.

3. Enhanced Focus and Discipline

In a one-on-one environment, students remain more focused and motivated. They also develop better study habits and time management skills.

4. Safer and More Convenient

There’s no need to send your child out in traffic or harsh weather. With home tuition, your child learns in the safety and comfort of home.

Why Parents Trust Saraswati Tutorials for Home Tuition in Dehradun

Over 10 years of excellence in personalized tutoring

Trusted by parents across Rajpur, Balliwala, Race Course, Sahastradhara, and Prem Nagar

Verified, punctual, and professionally trained tutors

Consistent academic improvement and excellent board results

Affordable and transparent fee structure

Flexible learning plans and trial classes available

Success Stories from Saraswati Tutorials

“My daughter had lost interest in studies during the pandemic. After enrolling with Saraswati Tutorials, her interest revived, and her marks improved drastically.” – Mrs. Shalini Joshi, Vasant Vihar, Dehradun

“We hired a Home Tutor in Dehradun from Saraswati Tutorials for Class 12 PCM, and the results were outstanding. Highly recommended!” – Mr. Deepak Chauhan, Dalanwala

Home Tuition for Competitive Exams in Dehradun

We also offer home tutoring for students preparing for:

NDA (National Defence Academy)

NEET (Medical entrance)

JEE (Engineering entrance)

SSB Interviews

Scholarship tests and Olympiads

Our tutors provide targeted preparation, covering syllabus, mock tests, doubt sessions, and revision schedules that help students excel under pressure.

Get Started with the Best Home Tuition in Dehradun Today

Finding the right tutor can be overwhelming, but Saraswati Tutorials simplifies it for you. From the moment you reach out to us, our team helps match your child with the most suitable Home Tutor in Dehradun, ensuring results and satisfaction.

We don’t just teach—we transform learning experiences.

How to Book a Tutor

Call or message us with your child’s academic details

Get matched with the best available tutor

Book a free demo session

Finalize schedule and fees

Begin the journey to better marks and deeper understanding

Conclusion – Choose Academic Success with Saraswati Tutorials

If you're searching for quality, dedication, and results-driven tutoring, Saraswati Tutorials offers the most effective Home Tuition in Dehradun. From improving grades to building confidence and achieving academic goals, our Home Tutors in Dehradun are changing lives—one student at a time.

Choose Saraswati Tutorials – where excellence comes home.

[charteredcommerce]

Best Coaching for Class 12 Commerce Students in Kankarbagh

Class 12 is a crucial year for commerce students as it lays the foundation for higher studies and professional careers. With board exams, competitive exams, and future career decisions at stake, selecting the right coaching institute is essential. If you are a Class 12 commerce student  in Kankarbagh, Patna, Chartered Commerce is the best coaching institute for class 12  to help you excel in Accountancy, Business Studies, Economics, and other subjects.

With experienced faculty, structured study materials, regular assessments, and personalized attention, Chartered Commerce ensures that students achieve top scores in board exams and prepare for professional courses like CA, CMA, and B.Com.

Why Choose Chartered Commerce for Class 12 Commerce Coaching?

1. Highly Experienced and Qualified Faculty

Chartered Commerce boasts a team of experienced and well-qualified teachers, including CA professionals and commerce experts, who: ✔ Provide concept-based learning to strengthen fundamental concepts. ✔ Offer easy-to-understand explanations for complex topics. ✔ Conduct interactive and engaging classes to keep students focused.

With expert guidance, students gain in-depth knowledge of their subjects, ensuring better performance in board exams and entrance tests.

2. Comprehensive Subject Coverage for Class 12

Class 12 syllabus requires thorough understanding and application-based learning. Chartered Commerce provides:

Accountancy – Covers Partnership Accounts, Company Accounts, and Cash Flow Statements in depth.

Business Studies – Focuses on management principles, business finance, and marketing strategies.

Economics – Includes Macroeconomics, National Income, and Indian Economic Development.

Each subject is taught using real-world examples, case studies, and practical applications to ensure better retention and conceptual clarity.

3. Structured and Well-Researched Study Material

Chartered Commerce provides comprehensive study materials, including: ✔ Simplified notes and concept-based explanations for quick understanding. ✔ Practice questions and worksheets for revision. ✔ Previous years’ board exam papers to help students familiarize themselves with the exam pattern. ✔ Mock tests and sample papers designed according to CBSE standards.

These resources ensure that students are fully prepared to tackle their Class 12 board exams with confidence.

4. Regular Tests, Mock Exams, and Performance Analysis

At Chartered Commerce, assessment and evaluation are key priorities. The institute conducts: ✔ Weekly and monthly tests to track progress. ✔ Mock board exams under real exam conditions. ✔ Detailed performance analysis and feedback sessions to help students improve.

By practicing under exam-like conditions, students gain time management skills and confidence to score high in their final board exams.

5. Small Batch Sizes and Personalized Attention

One of the biggest advantages of Chartered Commerce is its small batch size, which allows for: ✔ One-on-one interaction with faculty. ✔ Special doubt-clearing sessions for weak topics. ✔ Personalized mentoring to improve individual performance.

Unlike overcrowded coaching centers, Chartered Commerce ensures that every student gets the attention and guidance they need to excel.

6. Smart and Interactive Learning Methods

To make learning more effective and engaging, Chartered Commerce integrates modern teaching techniques, such as: ✔ Smart classrooms with visual presentations. ✔ Live problem-solving sessions for better understanding. ✔ Case studies and real-world applications to relate concepts to practical scenarios.

This approach enhances critical thinking skills, preparing students for board exams, competitive exams, and future careers.

7. Affordable Fees and Scholarship Opportunities

Chartered Commerce believes that quality education should be accessible to all. The institute offers: ✔ Affordable fee structures for Class 12 students. ✔ Scholarships for meritorious students to encourage excellence. ✔ Flexible payment options to reduce financial burden.

This ensures that every student in Kankarbagh has access to top-quality commerce coaching.

8. Career Counseling and Professional Course Guidance

Class 12 students often struggle with choosing the right career path. At Chartered Commerce, we provide: ✔ Career counseling sessions to help students make informed choices. ✔ Guidance for CA, CMA, B.Com, MBA, and Finance-related careers. ✔ Information about top universities and entrance exams for higher studies.

With expert career counseling, students can plan their future wisely and choose the right career path in commerce.

9. Convenient Location and Well-Equipped Infrastructure

Located in the heart of Kankarbagh, Patna, Chartered Commerce offers: ✔ Easily accessible location for students across the city. ✔ Well-equipped classrooms and a resourceful library for an optimal learning experience. ✔ A disciplined and student-friendly environment to encourage focused learning.

The state-of-the-art infrastructure ensures that students have all the facilities needed for effective learning.

Final Verdict: The Best Choice for Class 12 Commerce Students in Kankarbagh

If you are a Class 12 commerce student in Kankarbagh, Patna, Chartered Commerce is the best coaching institute to help you achieve academic excellence. With expert faculty, structured learning, high-quality study materials, personalized attention, and career counseling, it provides everything needed to score high in board exams and prepare for a successful commerce career.

Join Chartered Commerce Today!

Give your Class 12 commerce preparation the best start with the top coaching institute in Kankarbagh, Patna.

📍 Visit us at: A-10, above Bank of Baroda, Housing Board Colony, Kankarbagh, Patrakar Nagar, Patna, Bihar 800020 📞 Call us at: 8674817276 📧 Email us at: ccptna@gmail.com 🌐 Website: Chartered Commerce

Admissions Open! Secure your future with the best commerce coaching in Kankarbagh!

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Comprehensive Guide to Arihant's All in One Book Series for CBSE Classes 11-12 Commerce

Arihant Publications has been a trusted name in the field of educational resources for years. Their All in One series, specifically designed for CBSE students, stands out for its thoroughness and reliability. For students in Classes 11 and 12 pursuing commerce, Arihant's All in One books are an essential tool for mastering their subjects. This article explores the features and benefits of these books, focusing on their exceptional coverage of accounts and other commerce subjects.

Textbooks for Accounts: A Solid Foundation

For commerce students, accounts is a critical subject that requires a clear understanding of fundamental concepts and meticulous practice. Arihant's Textbooks for Accounts provide comprehensive coverage of the entire syllabus, making them indispensable for students. These books are meticulously designed to explain complex concepts in a simple and understandable manner, ensuring that students can grasp the subject matter effectively.

CBSE Book for Accountancy: In-Depth and Updated

The CBSE Book for Accountancy by Arihant is regularly updated to reflect the latest CBSE syllabus and examination patterns. As Textbooks for 2025, they incorporate all recent changes and additions, ensuring that students have access to the most current material. The books include a wide range of practice questions, from basic to advanced levels, helping students build confidence and improve their problem-solving skills.

Features of Arihant's All in One Books for Commerce

Comprehensive Coverage: These books cover all topics in the commerce stream, including accounts, business studies, and economics. Each topic is explained in detail, with numerous examples and illustrations to aid understanding.

Practice and Application: The Textbooks for Accounts and other subjects include a variety of practice questions, previous years' papers, and sample papers. This extensive practice helps students familiarize themselves with the exam pattern and type of questions asked.

Concept Clarity: Each chapter in the CBSE Book for Accountancy begins with a detailed explanation of concepts, followed by solved examples and unsolved questions for practice. This approach ensures that students have a clear understanding of the theoretical and practical aspects of the subject.

Updated Content: As Textbooks for 2025, these books are updated regularly to include the latest syllabus and guidelines from CBSE. This ensures that students are studying the most relevant and up-to-date content.

Interactive Learning Tools: The books incorporate various interactive learning tools, such as flowcharts, mind maps, and diagrams, which make the learning process more engaging and effective.

Benefits of Using Arihant's All in One Books

Thorough Preparation: With comprehensive coverage of all topics and extensive practice questions, these books ensure thorough preparation for exams.

Confidence Building: Regular practice with a variety of questions builds confidence and reduces exam-related anxiety.

Time Management: The structured format of the books helps students manage their time efficiently, allowing them to cover the entire syllabus systematically.

Conceptual Understanding: Detailed explanations and step-by-step solutions ensure a clear understanding of all concepts, which is crucial for excelling in exams.

Why Choose Arihant's All in One Series?

Arihant's All in One books for commerce students are designed to provide a complete learning solution. Whether it's the Textbooks for Accounts or other commerce subjects, these books ensure that students have all the resources they need to excel. The focus on concept clarity, comprehensive coverage, and extensive practice makes them the best choice for CBSE students.

Conclusion

Arihant's All in One book series for CBSE Classes 11-12 commerce is an essential resource for students aiming for academic success. The CBSE Book for Accountancy and other commerce subjects provide detailed explanations, comprehensive coverage, and extensive practice questions, making them the ideal Textbooks for 2025. With Arihant’s All in One series, students can be confident in their preparation and ready to achieve their academic goals. Investing in these books is a step towards mastering commerce and securing a bright future.

[rankerscommerce]

BEST COMMERCE COACHING IN PATNA

Rankers Commerce is the best commerce coaching institute in Kankarbagh, Patna, Bihar. We have been providing commerce coaching in Patna since 2010 with a strong focus on excellence education. Our aim is to provide the best commerce classes in Patna for 11th and 12th students and prepare them for outstanding results in their career. We create a friendly educational environment for students through motivational teaching, expert faculty and top administration.

1. Top Commerce Classes in Patna

We provide the best commerce classes of all Papers for Class 11th & 12th, B.Com (Hons), CA and CMA Foundation courses with the latest syllabus. We offer academic and professional courses as per the recent trend of examinations. The important subjects that are taught in the Commerce stream in Class 11 and 12 consist of Accountancy, Economics, Business Studies, Statistics and Mathematics. We do provide a commerce tutorial program for XI and XII commerce students.

2. Online Classes

We are conducting online classes for all courses of 11th,12th commerce by a team of top CA Faculties. Explore your thoughts with unlimited access to online classes on the topics of Accounts, Business Studies, Economics and more. Online classes are easily accessible on mobile phones, laptop and desktop. Learn from the best study materials.

3. Class Room Facility

We conduct separate batches for Hindi and English medium students to understand every topic taught in the class room in an easy manner. We organize weekly and monthly tests to analyze the performance of the students. Unlimited doubt classes are specially conducted for weak students. Our batches consist of smaller size ratio to get a clear concept of every topic taught in the classroom.

4. Expert Faculty Team

We have experienced CA, CS, professors & senior teachers in the faculty team having more than 8+ years of experience in the education industry. All commerce academic & professional courses are being taught by experienced teachers. They use a professional and simple method of teaching in the classroom. Our teachers pay extra attention towards weak students. Our teachers complete the course syllabus before the timeline. Our Expert Team is known for creating toppers.

5. Study Materials

Daily assignments and notes are uploaded on YouTube channels. You can easily subscribe to the channel for upcoming assignments and notes. We provide updated course materials and sample test papers to students which help to prepare for their exams. The test papers prepared by our expert teachers and professors.

6. Fee Structure

All Commerce Courses fees are very economical and can easily be affordable by students. Fees can be paid through various online modes like GPAY, Net banking and many more.

7. Results

We are consistently producing 98% results every year. Priyanshu Jaiswal scored 1st rank in commerce and was Bihar Topper in the year 2017. This year 2020 we have scored 100% result in 12th Bihar Board exams.

8. Administration

We are backed by the top administration team for smooth running of our operation. They plan and manage all our educational events, seminars, and academic events of our institute.

9. Discipline

We are very strict to our discipline rules and regulations. No Misconduct or improper behavior is tolerated in our coaching center. Strict action is being taken for violating rules and regulations.

10. Education Environment

We build a friendly education environment between teachers and students. Students can easily build up a strong relationship with teachers which help them to learn more and understand every topic in the easiest way.

Some Extra Features:

1. Commerce Class for CBSE and Bihar Board Students

2. Separate Batches for Hindi and English Medium.

3. Consistently producing 98% results every year in Commerce.

4. Best Faculty Team for All Subjects.

5. Weekly Topic Wise Test.

Our Branches:

Commerce Coaching in Kankarbagh, Patna

[publisherfinds]

10 Tips To Prepare CBSE 2021 Board Exams With Gurukul 15+1 Practice Papers - Like A Pro!

To help students excel in their Board Exams with flying colours, we stuck to the idea of “Seizing Perfection with Practice” and as a result launched our 15+1 practice papers based on the revised academic curriculum prescribed by CBSE for the 2021 Examinations.

The practice papers are focused to help students score high by letting them evaluate their weak points, avoid silly mistakes, and helping them mark-down the important questions for their last-minute revision data, to scale up their preparation graph to the uppermost level.

Find our Tips: 

1.      Be Aware of The Latest Exam Pattern Oct 2020

Knowing the fact that prioritizing chapters based on their weightage is of paramount importance, you shouldn’t miss out on being up to date. Keeping an eye on the newest exam pattern released on Oct 9th, 2020 we formulated our 15+1 Practice Papers, to familiarise you with the changes.

2.      EMH Model to Help You Attain A Step by Step Approach

15+1 Practice Papers has a step by step approach of learning as it is divided into 3 sections, with 5-easy, 5-medium, and 5-hard level practice papers to help you in assessing yourself and gradually learn by-

Strengthening your basics

Acquainting you with the type & style of questions

Making sure that your analysis works parallel with your diligence

Reducing stress and anxiety

Boosting your confidence level

3.      In-Depth Practice with 15+1 Practice Papers

Prepare, Practice, and Perform is the mantra of 15+1 Practice Papers. They are customized for every subject with level-based learning. It will help you with self-evaluation at every stage and in turn, improving your problem-solving skills.

EMH Practice Paper: Solved Board Sample Question Paper Oct 2020- 21

15 Solved Practice Papers based on Easy, Medium, and Hard Difficulty Level

Typology of questions based on Remembering, Understanding, Applying, Analyzing, Evaluating, and Creating

Detailed coverage of the latest CBSE Syllabus for better understanding

4. All Subjects Are Equally Important

Gurukul 15+1 Practice Papers are available for every subject. Study equally and regularly as all subjects are having equal weightage. Try not to avoid any topic just because it's being more complicated or taking more time. Practice more and more until you’re convinced.

a.   For Class 10:

Mathematics Standard, Mathematics (Basic), English Language & Literature, Hindi-A, Hindi-B, Social Science, Science, and Computer Applications

b. For Class 12:

Science Stream- English Core, Mathematics, Physics, Chemistry, Biology, and Physical Education

Commerce Stream- English Core, Economics, Accountancy, Business Studies, Physical Education, and Mathematics

5. Do Not Forget English & Hindi, As Languages Are Important Too

Underestimating the significance of language subjects can prove to be speculative during boards as it is observed that there has been an increase in the difficulty level of language exams. We often end up depreciating the value of language subjects while grooming & focussing on other subjects and as a result, we conclude to last-minute learning during boards, which eventually ceases the extent of our percentage. Whereas contributing just 20-30 minutes a day can help you score to the peak, unlike other subjects.

Gurukul’s 15+1 Practice Papers for Hindi A, Hindi B & English can save you from the situation of freaking out as practicing with them will help you not only evaluate what you have learned but will also enhance your in-depth knowledge.

6. Learn the Tricks from Solved Step by Step Solution

The answers to each & every question are provided in an accurate & skillful manner, which will help you choose the right words to make your answers look more presentable. The tricks followed are simple & understandable as they will improve your precision in writing answers and at the same time, it will enhance your knowledge.

7. Enhances Your Time Management Skills

It focuses on minutely pertained short answers to help you solve them quickly whereas it focuses on planned & precisely detailed long answers to familiarize you with the time limits provided for distinct answers by the CBSE board. Training you to solve the questions by choosing appropriate words while paying attention to both, the weightage, as well as the time-limit, provided for the answers.

Henceforth, enhancing your time management skills by providing you with accuracy & precision.

8. Know Your Strength, And Weaknesses

It’s rightly said that you are able to learn the best if you know your Strength, Weakness, Opportunities, and Threats. SWOT analysis works best when utilized with appropriate resources like sample papers or practice papers. You can do your SWOT analysis and apply it to the 15+1 Practice Papers as it will experientially help you gain a practical approach towards your exam preparation.

9. Gain Those Extra Marks with Neat & Clean Handwriting

Neat Handwriting is one of the most prominent aspects to look at while writing in Board Exams. Oftentimes, due to bad handwriting or poor management, teachers are unable to understand what students have written, which makes the students lose marks.

To avoid such unnecessary reduction of marks you need to practice good handwriting that runs parallel with your accuracy & time as it’s observed that innovative and self-written answers tend to gain more favorable scrutiny.

So, start practicing with sample papers to ensure that you don’t miss out on any target!!

10.  Balanced Study Schedule, Will Improve Your Studying Efficiency

Having a well-organized study area with appropriate study-practices will help you reap the best out of your learning sessions. A balanced study schedule doesn’t sacrifice anything, be it proper 8 hours of sleep, practicing sample papers, revising chapters, or a healthy diet. You need to maintain an equilibrium between all these utterly important tasks to ensure that you can grasp & execute them with your highest capability. And in doing so, nothing can prove to be more helpful than a well organized “Time-Table”.

The previous year proved to be one of the toughest ones in this entire decade, yet we are happy that we were able to come over it friskily. Although one present problem left for us was with the preparation of exams for students. Parents, teachers, and students are still trying their best to resolve all the difficulties coming ahead of them, efficiently.

Yet, somewhere in this hustle-bustle students & teachers suffered greatly as they had to undergo lots of hurdles in delivering & receiving the knowledge. Henceforth, a simple solution combined with lots of efforts in the form of these 15+1 Practice Paper Series has been proposed to you by us. As we understand that for students of classes 10 & 12, this is the most crucial time, and we wish to do our best to prepare them well for their boards.

You can also check out 10 Year solved papers and sample papers for enhancing your preparation.

We hope we will land on your expectations….

[ncert-prep]

NCERT Solutions Class 11 Computer Science Free PDF Download

To free download NCERT Questions and answers of NCERT Books All Classes Physics, Chemistry, Biology, History, Political Science, Economics, Geography, Computer Science, Accountancy, Business Studies, Hindi, English, Mathematics, EVS,  Social Science and Home Science; do check NCERTPREP website. This site provides sample papers with solution, test papers for chapter-wise practice, NCERT book solution, NCERT Exemplar solutions, quick revision notes for ready reference, CBSE guess papers and CBSE important question papers. Sample Paper all are made available through the best app for CBSE students and NCERTPREP website.

Class 11 NCERT Solution Computer Science Python includes all the questions given in NCERT Books for all Subject. Here all questions are solved with detailed information and available for free to check. NCERT Solutions Class 11 Computer Science Python are given here for all chapter wise. Select the subject and choose chapter to view NCERT Solution chapter wise.

Computer Science is a practical subject.  Deriving every answer on your own is a tedious task. Most of the students find it difficult to solve the problems or the practice exercise of the NCERT textbook difficult. So, what’s the best way out? The best way is to have a solution book. The first unit comprises of computer fundamentals, software concepts, data representation, microprocessor, and memory. The basics of Operating systems and some common algorithms are dealt with here.  The data representation is the main and very important chapter of computer science.

The main concept of binary numbers and how they are stored in computer memory is well explained. A student should learn to convert a decimal number into binary and vice versa. Practice the question given at the end of your NCERT books and verify the answer from the solution book.

The solution book also explains step by step how the answer has been derived. All the concepts related to microprocessors such as Instructions sets, 8085, and 8086 microprocessors have been explained in the fourth chapter.

Moving over to the next unit i.e. program methodology teaches us how to write any language in syntax. How the comments are used and why writing comments is very important in coding. The next chapter algorithms and flowcharts throw light over modular and structured programming. The various operators such as AND, OR, and NOT have been discussed in detail over here.

The third and the fourth unit deals with the language “PYTHON”. Python is a programming language basically the most trending and acceptable language in today’s world. You can build anything to everything by using python’s libraries and tools. It is used in web development, Blockchain development, somewhere in AI and ML as well. It’s a very easy language with many active communities worldwide. It has been rated as 5/5 over the user-friendly ratings.

The third unit basically teaches you the basics of python, the operators, functions, and loops. The fifth unit calls for some nice coding skills. A solution book helps a student in the right kind of logic building so that the code development process goes clear in the kind of a student

NCERT Solutions of NCERT Books All Classes for CBSE class 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 & 12 are very helpful to students. Although, NCERT solutions contain only chapter-end questions and answers yet these are considered as key questions. Most of the questions in exams are either same or similar to these questions. So, it is advised that students must go through the NCERT Text Books and practice all the questions given at the end of the chapter. These questions will clear their basic doubts. We also recommend students should read the whole NCERT book line by line and prepare notes from NCERT books. It is always recommended to study NCERT books as it covers the whole syllabus. These questions with detailed explanation are now available in NCERTPREP.com for free to view and download.

First of all, Student must understand that NCERT textbook answers are not enough for exam preparation. Therefore, they must take NCERT textbook question and answers as basic learning tools. These questions and answers are basically meant for understanding the concepts. NCERT textbooks are certainly a good source of quality content. Hence, it is expected that students should not settle for chapter end questions only rather they should read the whole book thoroughly.NCERT Solution of NCERT Books All Classes are available in PDF format for free download. These ncert book chapter wise questions and answers are very helpful for CBSE exam. CBSE recommends NCERT books and most of the questions in CBSE exam are asked from NCERT textbooks.

We hope that our NCERT Solutions Class 11 Computer Science Python helped with your studies! If you liked our NCERT Solutions for Class 11, please share this post.

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Best Business Studies Coaching for Class 11th in Jaipur

  Online & Offline Classes for Class 11 Business Studies

CP Classes offers the best classes for business studies for Class 11th commerce students under the guidance of Divita Agarwal having an experience of 6+ years in the field of professional mentoring.

Learning Modes:

The following modes of study are available on our Business Studies classes:

·         Face-to-Face Classes (at our Jaipur Campus)

·         Google Drive Lectures (All India & Abroad)

·         Pen Drive Lectures (All India)

What is Business Studies? Business studies is an academic subject taught in schools and at university level in many countries. Its study combines elements of accountancy, finance, marketing, organisational studies and operations.

Coaching Classes for Business Studies:

Luckily, you’ve landed to the right place If you are looking for Class 11th Business Studies Classes for CBSE and other State Boards.

BSt. is theoretical subject in Class 11th Commerce with a practical application. For those students who plan to study commerce, Business Studies is an integral part of the student’s syllabus. Business studies require you to memorise a lot of business laws and trade sanctions. CP Classes is the most recommended Commerce Institute in Malviya Nagar in Jaipur. The faculties of the institute have 12+ years of experience.

NCERT Solutions of Class 11 Business Studies is available in a study material and video lecture format for the student’s convenience. Class 11 NCERT Business Studies Solutions have been designed to provide the best assistance to the students as they prepare for the exams. Business Studies is a subject that requires in-depth practical knowledge of concepts and the topics. Hence, these help the student to understand the concept in a better and more reliable way. Moreover, it clears out doubts in the minds of the students while reading the complete chapters. This not only helps the students to get good marks but also help them to get a solid foundation for the upcoming classes.

For class 11 students to understand the business operations as well as gaining targeted skills in your specific field, such as customers, markets, finance, operations, strategy, business policy, communications, etc, CP Classes conducts the best business studies class 11 lectures. NCERT Business Studies for Class 11 Book, is the best-recommended book for students to get a better understanding of the subject in a detailed way.

Why Commerce Paathshala is Best for Class 11 Business Studies?

·         Personalised, Conceptual & Quality Teaching

·         Coverage of the entire syllabus with complete comprehension

·         Quality Notes help students learn more effectively and speed up the revision process.

·         Mock Tests are provided on a regular basis to measure students’ performance.

·         For each lecture, a video backup is also available.

·         Special Doubt Clearing Session

While doing this, we would also ensure that, Class 11th Business Studies Classes at Commerce Paathshala covers all NCERT topics as per the updated CBSE Class 11 Business Studies syllabus for 2021-22.

Our Pen Drive Classes & Google Drive Classes

Class 11 Business Studies Video Lectures, is another option for our students to learn the concepts easily of the entire CBSE or State Boards Class 11th Business Studies Syllabus.

Our video lectures for BSt. are very adequate for Class 11th students in the CBSE or any State Board. We also provide study material through PDFs. We always look forward to help students in providing in-depth knowledge regarding the syllabus, books, marking scheme, and question paper, sample papers etc.

Class 11 Accounts Economics Business Classes

₹14,000

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Best Sample Paper for Class 12 CBSE 2025 Economics with Pre-Board papers

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Shri Sai Institute offers the Best Institute for Offline and  Online Coaching Classes for IX, X (All Subjects) and XI, XII (Commerce and Science).

CBSE Syllabus will be covered through these classes followed by the weekend practice of concepts through worksheets, Google Forms and Sample Test Papers.

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If you are serious about your success and have determination then SHRI SAI INSTITUTE is where your belong.

Your Search for Best Coaching Institute for CBSE Tuition in Rohini Delhi for Class 9,10,11&12 ends here. 

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We are specialised in providing Quality education to classes 9,10,11,12 in English, Maths, Social Science (SST), Science (Physics, Chemistry, Maths & Biology) and Commerce (Economics, Accountancy, Mathematics).

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CBSE Sample Paper + Question bank Class 12 Accountancy, English Core, Business Studies & Economics 2022-2023 is one of the best CBSE Reference Books for the Class 12 board exam. It includes Latest Solved Board Sample Papers with Marking scheme 2022- 2023 which were released on 16th September 2022 for enhanced learning.

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Accounts Coaching Classes in Chandigarh

Accounts Coaching Classes in Chandigarh offers Accounts Coaching for Class 12th for CBSE, ICSE, AND PSEB board students. Accounts Academy in Chandigarh has designed 11th 12th Class Tuition in such a way that it will clear all the basic fundamental concepts of CBSE 11th 12th class syllabus for those students who wish to excel & score good rank in CBSE 11th 12th Examination. Accounts Coaching Classes in Chandigarh is one of the best tutoring institutes for Class 11th & 12th Commerce students. Our teachers cover here apart from teaching and also work as their instructors.

Our unique study method combines modern practice techniques and our accounts programs are easy to design in coaching classes. Our training for those accounts helps the student overcome all confusions about accountancy. The study involves accounting laws, fraud detection, managerial accounting, and auditing in the study. Motivated accountants generally take their accounting courses through a full degree program. Traverse the contents of general accounting classes by studying accountancy.

Our

Accounts Training

Accounts Classroom Training

Accounts Mock Test

Accounts daily Practice

Accounts Problem Solving Classes

Accounts Weekly Practice Test

Accounts Result

Some common concepts we hear here involve auditing procedures and standards, cost analysis, financial statements, and reporting, tax deductions and liabilities, international accounting, business or tax research methods, global economy, etc. Solve all your confusion with the Accounts Coaching Institute in Chandigarh. In our accountancy coaching classes in Chandigarh, you get the full solution for the accounts. Students learn the business side of accounting in this classical classroom, such as direct handwriting, bookkeeping, numerous equations, and liabilities. Involves original accounting principles and how they relate to making statements. This accounting course is a must for any accounting major in our tuition classes. We also provide all the subjects for commerce stream 11th & 12th students like Accounts, Business Studies, Economics, English, and Mathematics

Vision

To attain apex in sharing knowledge, training students in accountancy and related domains, and to provide professional guidance for their success.

Mission

To provide students with quality-oriented personalized attention by delivering educational solutions and to see they prosper their career.

Focus

The teaching methodology is designed in such a way to realize how learning accountancy is made so easy, with an ultimate goal to attain the untold secret of success in every walk of life.

Syllabus for Class 11th Accountancy

Accountancy syllabuses differ from schools affiliated to one board of education to schools affiliated to another board. While there may be some differences across syllabuses advised by several education boards, the core study areas remain the same. Here are the things that commerce students have to cover in Class 11th.

Theoretical Framework – Benefits, Importance, Objectives, and Limitations of Accounting, Basic Accounting Terms

Theory Base of Accounting – presumption, Principles, Accounting Standards, Double Entry System

Recording of Transactions

Debit and Credit Rules

Journal

Cash Book

Purchase or buy Book, Sales Book, Purchases Returns Book & Sales Returns Book

Bank Reconciliation Statement

Ledger

Objectives and Preparation of Trial Balance

Depreciation

Provisions and Reserves

Promissory Note and Bills of Exchange

Accounting Treatment of Bill Transactions

Rectification of Errors

Financial Statements

Balance Sheet

Trading and Profit and Loss Account

Sole Proprietorship Trading, Profit & Loss Account and Balance Sheet

Limitations and Uses of Incomplete Records

Statement of Affairs Method for regulating Profit & Loss

Financial Statements of Not-for-Profit Organizations

Syllabus for Class 12th Accountancy

Here partnership firms and companies will come into the picture. What are the main subjects?

Accounting for partnership firms: Partnership deeds, preparation of profit and loss accounts, admission of a partner, retirement, and death of a partner, and dissolution of a partnership firm.

Accounting for the organization: Accounting for share capital and accounting for debentures will be clear here.

Analysis of financial statements: The students are taught how to analyze financial statements using various tools such as ratio analysis.

Cash flow statement

Besides the students are also given classes in computerized accounting.

Books followed in the

Accounts Coaching Classes

in Chandigarh

T.S. GREWAL

D.K. GOEL

P.C. TULISAN

S.A. SIDDIQUE

Importance of

Accounts Coaching Classes

in 12th Class?

The majority of class 12 students would answer this question by saying that it is essential to get a good score in the subject. Which is perfectly true. But by focusing on a broader aspect, you will realize the following.

Preparing for accountancy for class 12 will:

Enhance your chances of getting admissions to a good institute that broaden your exposure and knowledge

Keep your foundation strong

Broaden your skills set and competency

Gain your confidence

Train you to be able to understand advanced accounting concepts with ease method

Offer you opportunities that can make you a versatile accountant in the future

Help you get a job in some of the best financial consultant companies due to the rising demand for accountants

Help you get one step closer to writing the common proficiency test (CPT)

Help you get one step closer to becoming a Chartered Accountant (CA)

Teaching Methodology:

One to one attention (individual attention) is a great favor in Accounts Coaching Classes in Chandigarh.

All illustrations and exercises in a textbook & practice manual will be explained.

Students are given instructed to do all exercise problems and submit. Corrections will be made then and there. If required related concepts will be explained once again, where the students find it difficult to solve the exercise problems.

Mock tests will be directed for each chapter and if needed for each concept.

Questions that appeared in previous year’s question papers will also be solved or explained.

Parents are informed then and there concerning wards performance

How should you prepare for

accounts in class 12th?

Accountancy has both theoretical topics and practice-based topics in every chapter. There are six exact steps to be followed while preparing for accounts in class 12th.

Step 1: Study the theory – definitions, conceptual explanations, applications and p 4: Work on questions at the end of every chapter – at the end of the third step, you must be comparatively thorough with a chapter and its concepts. Now is the best time to work on the problems, questions, and adjustments that are available at the end of every chapter of the textbook. This will not only make you comprehensively thorough but will also demonstrate various kinds of questions that can be asked in the exam.

Step 5: Analyze past year’s papers – past year’s papers on accountancy for class 12th is available on 2 main sources, the internet, and books by many authors. Sometimes, the last few pages of your accountancy textbook could also have several year’s papers. By checking these papers, you can get a clear-cut idea and outline of:

Question paper format

Emphasized topics

Allocation of marks

Frequently asked questions

Answer expectation

Step 6: Solve sample papers – numerous students think that analyzing the past year’s papers are sufficient in conducting a good score. But sample papers are equally essential when offered by the right source. These sample papers will give you information and updates on:

Any changes in the question paper format

Any predicted questions

Changes in answer expectations

Changes in answer pattern

After following these steps, you will know that you are not only prepared with the right answers but also prepared for any changes or surprises that may happen in the examination hall. You would have learned to manage time, maintain your confidence, work efficiently, and stay aware.

Benefits of

Accounts Coaching Classes

in Chandigarh for 11th 12th Classes

Commerce students who have ambitions and aspirations for prosperous careers in the world of accounting only have one year to familiarize themselves with the basic accounting concepts; Class 11. While there are advanced concepts to learn in Class 12, candidates must grasp the basics in Class 11 to make sure that they don’t face any problems in understanding advanced concepts in the future. With an accounts home tutor, candidates can gain greater insights into accounting concepts and learn them thoroughly.

Classroom teaching at school may not always be efficient as teachers have limited time to explain concepts. However, a home tutor can take as much time as needed to explain concepts thoroughly. Regular Practice: Your accounts teacher at school may be great, but they cannot ensure that you are practicing regularly. There are two-parts of accountancy; the theoretical side and the practical side. What you learn in your accounts theory section will be of less use if you cannot use it practically. Coaching classes helps in this regard as they can assign tasks and homework for students that they need to submit regularly.

School teachers also mostly rely on the advised school textbook for examples and problems. However, a home tutor has the freedom to use any resource they see fit and may also come up with problems that students have to solve. Correspondence with Parents: School teachers remain under a lot of pressure for the whole academic session and apart from the two or three parent-teacher meetings scheduled by the school, they don’t get many chances to speak to parents. However, a home tutor can keep parents up-to-date regarding the performances of their children. Parents can use this information to motivate their children to practice more and they can also be more aware of the difficulties their children are facing with regards to accountancy.

Careers in Accounting

Finding a job in the accounting field is one of the decisions. Accounting is a field that will always be in demand and it is a field that you can continue to develop and move up inside your organization. There are various positions you can find in the accounting field. Careers in the accounting field can differ from entry-level positions to executive level. Choose the accounting career you are most interested in learning what it requires, what education you may require, and the salary you can potentially earn.

Jobs in Accounting

Accountant

Accounting Assistant

Accounting Clerk

Accounting Manager

Accounts Payable Clerk

Accounts Receivable Clerk

Bookkeeping

Budget Analyst

Certified Internal Auditor

Chief Financial Officer – CFO

Comptroller/Controller

CPA

Forensic Accounting

Government Accounting

Payroll Clerk

Staff Accountant

Tax Accountant

Why us for

Accounts Coaching Classes

in Chandigarh?

Accounts Coaching Classes in Chandigarh apply ease techniques to train our students and make smooth command over the desired subject. We have a practical approach and follow the 360-degree feedback system, to maintain hygiene in our Service Delivery Eco system. We prefer to deliver Quality students/professionals instead of delivering a lump of students reaching nowhere! Accountancy coaching classes in Chandigarh have the best and experienced teachers, offering students total insight and ample knowledge of the subject.

Exclusive Study Material

Properly compiled study material is our specialty which contains

Complete course topic-wise,

The easy language that helps in remembering the concepts,

Flow charts,

Diagrams,

Tabular representation,

Solved and unsolved questions,

Fast Track Revision section,

Important points to remember,

Do’s and Don’ts for the exam.

All these spotless features make this study material exclusive.

Routine Feedback & Tests

Surprise tests and feedback are important to make sure the student has understood the concept thoroughly. We believe in a quality product, therefore students are given regular tests and feedback on their work.

Our modernistic system will take the test of our students online and make sure that the result of the feedback is given immediately.

Doubt solving sessions

Our teaching sessions and methods are different and simple giving students no doubts about any concepts.

If there is any query or doubt, our doubt solving session or one to one sessions with students will work wonders to solve the problem of the students. Examples of the concepts should be studied to lay strong foundations for the chapter before moving next to complex adjustments.

Step 2: Solve accounting problems – after having enhanced the base knowledge for the chapter, you can go ahead with working on simple-moderate accounting problems. These accounting problems will have terms or concepts that have been explained in the theoretical expansion of the chapter.

Step 3: Practice computerized accounting – repeatedly practicing accounting on a spreadsheet or DBMS or even on software like Tally can make a huge difference in keeping what you studied and can lead to a better understanding of treating some accounting adjustments.

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NCERT Class 12 Micro Economics Chapter 1 Introduction to Economics

NCERT Class 12 Micro Economics Solutions

Chapter 2 Consumer Equilibrium

NCERT TEXTBOOK QUESTIONS SOLVED : Question 1. Discuss the central problems of an economy. [4-6 Marks]

Answer: The three central problems of an economy are: 1. What to produce? [CBSE 2004C, 05, 06, 08, 08C, 09, 10; AI 2006, 10] (a) What to produce refers to a problem in which decision regarding which goods and services should be produced is to be taken. (b) Since its resources are limited, every economy has to decide what commodities are to be produced and in what quantities. (c) ‘The guiding principle for an economy here is to allocate resources in such a way that gives maximum aggregate utility to the society. 2. How to produce?[CBSE 2014C, 2006, 08C, 10, AI 2001, 05, 08, 10, 11] (a) How to produce refers to a problem in which decision regarding which technique of production should be used is made. (b) Goods and services can be produced in two ways: by using labour intensive techniques, and by using capital-intensive techniques. (c) The guiding principle for an economy in such a case has to decide about the techniques of production on the basis of cost of production. Those techniques of production should be used which lead to the least possible cost per unit of commodity or service. 3. For whom to produce?[CBSE 2014, 2005C, AI 2013] (a) For whom to produce refers to a problem in which decision regarding which category of people are going to consume a good, i.e., economically poor or rich. (b) As we know, goods and services are produced for those who can purchase them or have the capacity to buy them. (c) Capacity to buy depends upon how income is distributed among the factors of production. The higher the income, the higher will be the capacity to buy and vice versa. So, this is a problem of distribution. (d) The guiding principle is that the economy must see here that important and urgent wants of its citizens are being satisfied for the maximum possible extent or not. Question 2. What do you mean by the production possibilities of an economy? [ 1 Mark]

Answer: Production possibilities of an economy refer to different combinations of goods and services which an economy can produce from a given amount of resources and a given stock of technology. Question 3. What is a production possibility frontier? [CBSE 2006C; AI 2006, 09] [1 Mark]

Answer: Production possibility frontier is a curve which depicts all the possible combinations of two goods which can be produced with given resources and technology in an economy. Question 4. Discuss the subject matter of economics. [3 Marks]

Answer: 1. The subject matter of economics includes microeconomics and macroeconomics. 2. Microeconomics, studies the behaviour of individual economic units of an economy, like households, firms, individual consumers and producers etc. It does not study the economy as a whole. 3. Macroeconomics is the part of economic theory that studies the economy as a whole, such as national income, aggregate employment, general price level, aggregate consumption, aggregate investment, etc. Question 5. Distinguish between a centrally planned economy and a market economy.

Answer: Out of syllabus Question 6. What do you understand by positive economic analysis?

Answer: Out of syllabus Question 7. What do you understand by normative economic analysis?

Answer: Out of syllabus Question 8. Distinguish between microeconomics and macroeconomics. [AI 2010] [3-4 Marks]

Answer:

MORE QUESTIONS SOLVED

I. Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 Mark) Question 1. What is meant by economy? [CBSE 2012]

Answer: Economy is a system which provides people with the means to work and earn living. Question 2. What is economics?

Answer: Economics is about studying economic problems arising due to limited means (having alternative uses) in relation to unlimited wants. Question 3. Why does an economic problem arise? [CBSE 2007] Or What gives rise to an economic problem? [CBSE, Sample Paper 2008] Or Why does the problem of choice arise? [CBSE 2004]

Answer: If we are not able to satisfy unlimited wants out of limited resources then the economic problem arises. Question 4. State two features of resources that give rise to an economic problem. [CBSE, Sample Paper 2010]

Answer: The two features of resources that give rise to an economic problem are: 1. Resources are limited. 2. They have alternative uses. Question 5. Which type of science is economics?

Answer: Economics is a social science. Question 6. What is the basic reason for economic problem in all economies?

Answer: It is scarcity of resources. Question 7. What is meant by economising of resources? [CBSE 2003]

Answer: Economising of resources means that resources are to be used in such a manner that maximum output is realised per unit of input. It also means optimum utilisation of resources. Question 8. What is meant by central problem of an economy?

Answer: The problem of making a choice among alternative uses of resources is known as basic or central problem of an economy. Question 9. What does a rightward shift of production possibility curve indicate?[CBSE 2007]

Answer: It indicates growth of resources. Question 10. Give two examples of growth of resources.

Answer: 1. Supply of skilled labour (like IT engineers) has increased in India causing a rightward shift in the production of IT software. 2. Discovery of oil reserves in the gulf countries has caused a substantial shift to the right in the PPC of these countries. Question 11. Give two examples of underutilisation of resources.

Answer: 1. Related to less developed countries: Labour is underutilised as indicated by mass unemployment in countries like India. 2. Related to developed countries: Capital is underutilised during depression when production is decreased owing to lack of demand. Question 12. Define Opportunity Cost. [CBSE 2007] Or Give the meaning of ‘Opportunity Cost’. [CBSE 2008, 09]

Answer: Opportunity cost is the cost of the next best alternative. Question 13. Define Marginal Rate of Transformation (MRT). [CBSE 2012]

Answer: Marginal rate of transformation is the ratio of a number of units of a good sacrificed to produce an additional unit of another commodity. Question 14. Why PPC is concave to the point of origin? [CBSE 2011, AI 2007]

Answer: Because of increasing marginal opportunity cost. Question 15. Define microeconomics.[CBSE 2007C; AI 2005, 2012] Or Give the meaning of microeconomics.[CBSE 2009]

Answer: Microeconomics studies the behaviour of individual economic units of an economy, like households, firms, individual consumers and producers etc. Question 16. Give one/two examples of microeconomics study.[CBSE 2004C, 09, 09C, 11C;AI 2004, 05, 07, 11] Or Name any three variables of micro-economics.

Answer: 1. Individual demand; 2. Individual supply; and 3. Individual income. Question 17. Name any three variables of macroeconomics.

Answer: 1. Aggregate demand; 2. Aggregate supply; and 3. National income. Question 18. State any two central problems under ‘problem of allocation of resources’.[CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Answer: 1. What to produce and in what quantity? 2. How to Produce?

II. Multiple Choice Questions (1 Mark)

Question 1. The law of scarcity (a) Does not apply to rich, developed countries. (b) Applies only to the less developed countries. (c) Implies that consumers’ wants will be satisfied in a socialistic system. (d) Implies that consumers’ wants will never be completely satisfied.

Answer: (d) Question 2. The central problem in economics is that of (a) Comparing the success of command versus market economies. (b) Guaranteeing that production occurs in the most efficient manner. (c) Guaranteeing a minimum level of income for every citizen. (d) Allocating scarce resources in such a manner that society’s unlimited needs or wants are satisfied in the best possible manner.

Answer: (d) Use the given figure to answer question no. 3. Question 3. Which one of the following bundles of goods cannot be produced with the resources the economy currently has?

(a) A (b) B (c) C (d) D Answer: (d) Question 4. An economy achieves “productive efficiency” when: (a) Resources are employed in their most highly valued uses. (b) The best resources are employed. (c) The total number of produced goods is the greatest. (d) Goods and services are produced at least cost and no resources are wasted. Using the figure gives below answer the following (Q.5 to Q.7)

Answer: (d) Question 5. Which point on PPF shows a “productively efficient” level of output? (a) A 

(b) B (c) C 

(d) All of the above.

Answer: (d) Question 6. Which of the following clearly represents a movement toward greater productive efficiency? (a) A movement from point A to point B. (b) A movement from point C to point D. (c) A movement from point F to point C. (d) A movement from point E to point B.

Answer: (c) Question 7. Which one of the following alternatives illustrate a decrease in unemployment using the PPF? (a) A movement down along the PPF. (b) A rightward shift of the PPF. (c) A movement from a point on the PPF to a point inside the PPF. (d) A movement from a point inside the PPF to a point on the PPF.

Answer: (d) Question 8. If the PPF is linear, i.e., a straight line, which one of the following statements is true? (a) As the production of a good increases, the opportunity cost of that good rises. (b) As the production of a good increases, the opportunity cost of that good falls. (c) Opportunity costs are constant. (d) The economy is not at full employment when operating on the PPF.

Answer: (c) Question 9. Which one of the following statements is a reason for the negative slope of PPF? (a) The inverse relationship between the use of technology and the use of natural resources. (b) Scarcity at any point of time due to limited amounts of productive resources. (c) Resource specialisation. (d) Increasing opportunity costs.

Answer: (b) Question 10. Capital intensive technique is chosen in a (a) Labour surplus economy. (b) Capital surplus economy. (c) Developed economy. (d) Developing economy.

Answer: (b) Question 11. Labour intensive technique is chosen in a (a) Labour surplus economy. (b) Capital surplus economy. (c) Developed economy. (d) Developing economy.

Answer: (a) Question 12. If the marginal (additional) opportunity cost is a constant, PPC would be (a) Convex. (b) A straight line. (c) Backward bending. (d) Concave.

Answer: (b) Question 13. The branch of economic theory that deals with the problem of allocation of resources is (a) Micro economic theory. (b) Macroeconomic theory. (c) Econometric’s. (d) None of them.

Answer: (a) Question 14. Which one of the following options is likely to cause an inward shift in a country’s PPC? (a) Earthquake destroying resources of the country. (b) Scientists discovering new machines. (c) Workers getting jobs in a new metro- project. (d) The country finds new reserves of crude oil.

Answer: (a) Question 15. The various combinations of goods that can be produced in any economy when it uses its available resources and technology efficiently are depicted by (a) Demand curve. (b) Production curve. (c) Supply curve. (d) Production possibilities curve.

Answer: (d) Question 16. Scarcity is a situation in which (a) wants exceed the resources available to satisfy them (b) something is being wasted (c) people are poor (d) none of them

Answer: (a) Question 17. Production Possibilities Curve is also known as (a) Demand curve (b) Supply curve (c) Indifference curve (d) Transformation curve

Answer: (d) Question 18. A lot of people die and many factories are destroyed due to floods in a country. How will it affect the production possibility curve? [CBSE 2014] (a) PPC will shift towards right (b) PPC will shift towards left. (c) PPC will remain the same (d) None of the above.

Answer: (b) Question 19. Which of the following is not a subject matter of microeconomics? [AI 2014] (a) Consumer’s behavior (b) Market structure (c) Monetary Policy (d) Pricing of factor services

Answer: (c) Question 20. Which of the following is an assumption of Production Possibility Frontier? (a) Resources are not fully employed. (b) Resources are not equally efficient for production of the two goods. (c) Resources are not efficiently employed. (d) Resources available are not fixed.[ CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Answer: (b)

III. Short Answer Type Questions (3-4 Marks)

Question 1. Why does an economic problem arise? [CBSE 2006, 07C, 09; Or AI 2007] State any two causes of economic problem. [CBSE 2005C, 09C, 12;Or AI 2007] State two characteristics of the economic resources which give rise to economic problem.Or [AI 2007] Why does problem of choice arise?[CBSE 2004, 05C, 06, 07] Or Explain three factors that lead to an economic problem.

Answer: Economic problem arises because of scarcity of resources in relation to demand for them. 1. Wants are unlimited: (a)This is a basic fact of human life. Human wants are unlimited. (b)They are not only unlimited but also grow and multiply very fast. 2. Resources are limited: (a)The resources to produce goods and services to satisfy human wants are available in limited quantities. Land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are the basic scarce resources. (b)These resources are available in limited quantities in every economy, big or small, developed or underdeveloped, rich or poor. Some economies may have more of one or two resources but not all the resources. (c)For example, Indian economy has relatively more labour but less capital and land. The U.S. economy has relatively more land but less labour. No economy in the world is comfortable in all the resources. 3. Resources have alternative uses: (a)Generally a resource has many alternative uses. (b)A worker can be employed in a factoiy, in a school, in a government office, self employed and so on. (c) Like this, nearly all resources have alternative uses. But the problem is that which resource should be put to which use. Question 2. Give reasons for the following statements: 1. Every economy has to make the decision relating to what to produce. 2. Problem of choice arises because available resources have alternative uses. Answer: 1. As, we know there is no economy in this world which possesses infinite resources to produce each and everything in infinite quantities.Therefore, if an economy decides to produce a quantity of one commodity, then they have to sacrifice the production of another commodity. 2. Resources in eveiy economy are always scarce. But the available resources can be put to alternative uses. Therefore, an economy will always prefer to make use of its resources in production of those goods and services that are most required and sacrifice the production of less- required goods and services. Question 3. Why do all economies have similar central problems?

Answer: All economies whether developed or developing, have similar central problem because one or more of their resources (land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship) are limited and these resources can be put to alternative uses. The wants of the economies are unlimited. Therefore all economies have to face the basic economic problem of choice (what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce). Question 4. State the central problems of an economy. [CBSE Sample Paper 2014]

Answer: The central problems of an economy are: 1. What to produce and in what quantity? 2. How to produce? 3. For whom to produce? Question 5. Define Production Possibility Curve and state its properties.[CBSE, All India 2013 C]

Answer: Production possibility curve is a curve which depicts all possible combinations of two goods which can be produced with given resources and technology in an economy. Properties of Production Possibility Curve 1. PPC is downward sloping: The downward slope of PPC means if the country wants to produce more of one good, it has to produce less quantity of the other goods. 2. PPC is concave to the point of origin: Concave shape of PPC implies that the slope of PPC increases. Slope of PPC is defined as the quantity of goods Y given up in exchange for additional unit of goods X.[Slope of Production Possibility Curve]

[Slope of PPC] = MRT = [Marginal Opportunity Cost] Question 6. State any three assumptions on which a production possibilities curve is based. [CBSE 2013 Q]

Answer: The concept of PP curve is based on the following assumptions: 1. First, the amount of resources in the economy is fixed. 2. Second, the technology is given and unchanged. 3. Third, the resources are efficient and fully employed. Using the figure given below answer the following (Q.9 & Q.10). Question 7. Does production take place only on PPC?

Answer: Both Yes and No.

Yes, production will take place on PPC, if the given resources are fully and efficiently utilised. In such case, production will take place at any point on the curve AB, like point F. No, production will take place on PPC, if the resources are either underutilised or inefficiently utilised or both. In such case, production will take place on any point below the curve AB, like point H. Any point below the PP curve, thus highlights the problem of unemployment and inefficiency in the economy. Question 8. “An economy always produces on but not inside PPC. Defend or refute.

Answer: The given statement is refuted. An economy operates on PPC, only when resources are fully and efficiently utilised. It means, if there is unemployment or inefficient use of resources, the economy may operate inside PPC. So, the economy may operate at point ‘H’ (Figure), in addition to the points on the curve AB on PPC. Question 9. Why is Production Possibilities Curve concave? Explain.[CBSE 2011, AI 2014, 2007]

Answer: 1. PPC is concave because of increasing marginal opportunity cost (MOC). 2. This behavior of the MOC is based on the assumption that all resources are not equally efficient in production of all goods. 3. Rise in opportunity cost occurs when factors (resources) which are specialized or more adopted for production of a piece of particular good (say, tanks), is transferred to the production of another good (say, wheat) for which they are less productive or less specialized. 4. Thus, transfer of resources from more productive to less productive uses indirectly means fall in their productivity, with the result more of such resources are needed to produce an additional unit of the other commodity. Thus marginal opportunity cost goes on increasing making the PP curve concave in shape. Question 10. Give reasons for the following statements:

1. A Production Possibility Frontier is always a downward sloping concave curve.

2. An efficient economy would always produce a combination of goods that lies on the given Production Possibility Frontier. 3. Growth of an economy is represented in the form of a rightward shift of a Production Possibility Frontier. Answer: 1. A PPF slopes downward to indicate if an economy chooses to produce more of one commodity, then it would have to reduce the production of another commodity. The concave shape of PPF is due to Increase in Marginal Opportunity Cost. 2. Any point on a given PPF presents a production possibility wherein all the available resources in an economy get fully utilized. Any combination located below the given PPF shows an under utilization of available resources. Likewise, any point to the right of the PPF is beyond the available resources. 3. By economic growth, we mean that an economy has developed greater capacity to produce larger quantity of goods by acquiring more resources. Graphically, this would be represented by a rightward shift of PPF. Question 11. Explain the meaning of opportunity cost with the help of production possibility schedule.[CBSE, All India 2013]

Answer: Opportunity cost of any commodity is the amount of other good which has been given up in order to produce that commodity. Alternatively opportunity cost of a given activity is the value of the next best activity.

Initially at combination B, in order to produce one unit of X, the economy has to sacrifice one unit of Y. So, at combination B, opportunity cost is 1 unit. At combination C, for producing additional unit of commodity X, the economy has to sacrifice 2 units of commodity Y. So, at combination C, opportunity cost is 2 units. Similarly, at combination D, for producing additional unit of commodity X, the economy has to sacrifice 3 units of commodity Y. So, at combination C, opportunity cost is 3 units and so on. Question 12. Define Marginal Opportunity Cost. Explain the concept with a hypothetical numerical example.[CBSE Sample Paper 2016]

Answer: 1. Marginal opportunity cost is an addition to a cost in terms of a number of units of a commodity sacrificed to produce one additional unit of another commodity. 2. Marginal opportunity cost can also be termed marginal rate of transformation, Marginal rate of transformation is the ratio of number of units of a good sacrificed to produce one additional unit of another commodity.

IV. True Or False

Giving reasons, state whether the following statements are true or false. Question 1. An economy always manages to meet all the needs of the people living in the country.

Answer: False: An economy always tries to provide means of living to all the people. It may be successful (as in most of the developed countries), or it may not be successful (as in many developing countries) to achieve its objective. Question 2. In the context of an economy when we talk about ‘scarcity’, we refer to short supply of land.

Answer: False: Scarcity refers to limited availability of all types of goods and services in relation to their requirements. The concept of scarcity, thus, is not limited to land alone. Question 3. Economic problem arises due to plenty of resources.

Answer: False: Economic problem arises due to scarcity of resources and alternative uses of various means. Question 4. Because of destruction caused by war, a country’s PPF will shift to the left.

Answer: True: Country’s PPF will shift to the left; this will be due to the fact that the country’s capacity to produce will get reduced. Question 5. A job guarantee scheme will lead to a rightward shift of PPF.

Answer: False: A job guarantee scheme does not add anything new to a country’s resources. This will only ensure that available unutilised or unemployed resources are productively employed. Question 6. If a PPF shifts to the right, the new PPF will be parallel to the original.

Answer: False: A new PPF need not be parallel to the old one. It can take any possible shape. Question 7. A ‘Production Possibility Frontier’ (PPF) is always represented as a upward sloping curve.

Answer: False: A PPF represents different combinations of two commodities that can be produced with the help of available resources in an economy. If an economy decides to produce a larger quantity of one commodity, it would be left with lesser resources to produce another commodity. A downward sloping curve represents this relationship. Question 8. If the economy operates inside PPC, it shows full utilisation of resources.

Answer: False: If economy operates inside PPC, it shows underutilsation of resources. Question 9. Growth of resources shifts PPC towards left.

Answer: False: Growth of resources increases the capacity of economy to produce more. It shifts PPC towards right and not left. Question 10. PPC is concave shaped as production of one good can be increased only by reducing quantity of another good.

Answer: False: PPC is concave shaped due to increasing marginal opportunity cost. Question 11. Economy can never operate outside PPC with the given resources and technology.

Answer: True: Economy can never operate outside PPC with the given resources and technology as all points outside PPC are unattainable. Question 12. Economy always operates on PPC.

Answer: False: Economy operates on PPC only when resources are fully and efficiently utilised. If resources are not fully and efficiently utilized, economy operates at any point inside PPC. Note: As per CBSE guidelines, no marks will be given if reason to the answer is not explained.

V. Higher Order Thinking Skills Questions

Question 1. Define Marginal Opportunity Cost.[AI 2008] [1 Mark]

Answer: Marginal opportunity cost is an addition to the cost in terms of a number of units of a commodity sacrificed to produce an additional unit of another commodity. Question 2. How does Maruti Udyog Ltd. fix the prices of its cars, is it studied in macroeconomics? [ 1 Mark]

Answer: False: Macroeconomics is the study of aggregates e.g., determination of general price level in an economy. The principles underlying the pricing of a single good by a single firm or single industry are studied in microeconomics. Question 3. Whether the cotton textile industry is an example of micro or macroeconomics?

Answer: Microeconomics. Question 4. “Scarcity and choice go all together”. Defend or refute. [3-4 Marks]

Answer: 1. We defend this statement because scarcity arises as resources are limited. The resources to produce goods and services to satisfy human wants are available in limited quantities. Land, labour, capital and entrepreneurship are the basic scarce resources. 2. These resources are available in limited quantities in eveiy economy, big or small, developed or underdeveloped, rich or poor. Some economies may have more of one or two resources but not all resources. 3. For example, the Indian economy has relatively more labour but less capital and land. The U.S. economy has relatively more land but less labour. No economy in the world is comfortable in all the resources. 4. Since resources are limited, then we have to make a choice because resources have an alternative use. Generally a resource has many alternative uses. A worker can be employed on a farm, in a factory, in a school, in a government office, self-employed and so on. Like this nearly all resources have alternative uses. But the problem is that which resource should be put to which use. Question 5. “Only ‘Scarce Goods’ attract price.” Comment. [3-4 Marks]

Answer: 1. The given statement is correct. 2. All resources are not scarce in the economy. For example, the water taken from river or air we breathe is abundant in relation to wants. Such goods are available free of cost. These goods are known as Non-Economic Goods. 3. On the other hand, some goods are scarce in relation to their wants. For example, diamonds, petrol, electricity, etc. are scarce in relation to wants. These goods command price and are known as Economic Goods. Question 6. A lot of people died and many factories were destroyed in an earthquake. How will it affect the PPC of the economy? [3-4 Marks]

Answer: PPC of the economy will shift to the left from PP to P,Pr It happens because the number of possible combinations available with the economy has decreased due to destruction of resources in the economy.

  Question 7. Massive unemployment will shift PPC to the left. Defend or refute. [3-4 Marks]

Answer: The given statement is refuted. Massive unemployment does not decrease the capacity of economy to produce. So, there will be no shift of PPC. However, due to unutilisation of human resources, economy will operate at some point inside PPC as shown in the adjacent figure at point U.

VI. Value Based Questions

Question 1. A country’s resources are fully and p efficiently employed. The problem of scarcity exists. What advice would be given to raise the efficiency level of the human resource to fight scarcity? [CBSE Sample Paper 2013] [1 Mark]

Answer: Spread of education and training. Value: Awareness about efficient utilization of resources Question 2. In an underdeveloped economy why there is the need of efficient utilization of resources? [1 Mark]

Answer: Developmental needs are more in underdeveloped economy and these are fulfilled with our limited resources. Value: Critical thinking Question 3. India is a labour abundance and capital scarce economy. Which technique of production should be used to produce the commodity?[1 Mark]

Answer: India should adopt labour intensive technique. Value: Analytic Question 4. As water resources are limited in our country, how can we economise the water resources so that it could not cause a future problem for us? Give any two suggestions. [1 Mark]

Answer: 1. Rainwater should be conserved by rain water harvesting. 2. Water wastage should be avoided i.e., economical use of water. Value: Awareness about efficient use of water. Question 5. Scarcity of resources is a universal phenomenon and is not confined to poor and backward countries only. Comment.

Answer: All countries, rich and poor, face the problem of choice due to scarcity of resources to fulfil unlimited wants. Value: Critical thinking Question 6. The problems of scarcity of resources and their alternate uses arise everywhere but particularly in backward countries. For their solution non-economic considerations can be stressed. How?[1 Mark]

Answer: Central problems, what to produce?, How to produce? and for whom to produce?, can be solved in poor countries by laying more stress on the social aspects, e.g., public utility services may be developed, labour intensive techniques may be preferred and the distribution of national income may be made equitable. Value: Analytic Question 7. Although water is useful, yet it is cheap. On the contrary, diamond is not much of use, still it is very expensive. Give an economic reason for this paradox. [ 1 Mark]

Answer: The economic reason for this paradox is scarcity. Although water is useful, yet it is cheap due to its abundance in the economy. Diamonds are very expensive because they are scarce and people are ready to pay a high price. Value: Analytic Question 8. Why is it that on one hand coal is found in plenty, yet it is scarce while on the other, a rotten vegetable is rare but not scarce? [1 Mark]

Answer: Coal is found in plenty yet it is scarce because its demand is also high. Scarcity means that availability is less than sufficient to satisfy all wants or desires. On the other hand, a rotten vegetable is rare but not scarce because there is no demand or want for a rotten vegetable. Value: Analytic Question 9. A farmer is getting more profit by producing opium rather than that of wheat. In situation of famine which crop should be produced?

Answer: Production of wheat. Because in situation of famine, food grain like wheat is required more than opium. Value: Social welfare Question 10. Large number of technical training institutions have been started by the government. State its economic value in the context of production possibility frontier.[Foreign 2014] [1 Mark]

Answer: This would lead to technological innovations in the economy. When the level of technology improves production possibility frontier is expected to shift to the right. There would be better utilization of the resources and the economy will move closer to the production possibility frontier. Value: Economic Growth with technological innovation Question 11. Unemployment is reduced due to the measures taken by the government. State its economic value in the context of production possibilities frontier. [CBSE 2014] [1 Mark]

Answer: When unemployment is reduced due to the measures taken by the government, the economy will be able to realize its production potential (Full employment) level. Value: Efficient utilization of resources Question 12. The government has started promoting foreign capital. What is its economic value in the context of Production Possibilities Frontier? [AI2014] [1 Mark]

Answer: The inflow of foreign capital is expected to increase the availability of the resources in an economy, which will thereby shift the production possibility frontier to the right. Value: Economic Growth with increase in resources Question 13. Name the economic value achievable when attempts are made to increase resources in the country. [CBSE 2014C] [1 Mark]

Answer: The economic value here is economic growth in the country, which will thereby shift the production possibility frontier to the right. Value: Economic Growth Question 14. Production in an economy is below to its potentiality due to unemployment. Government starts employment generation schemes. Explain its effects by using production possibility curve. [CBSE 2013] [3-4 Marks]

Answer: Production possibility curve is a curve which depicts all the possible combinations of goods which can be produced with given resources and technology in an economy i.e., producing goods at its full potentiality. Production below the potentiality means that total production in the economy is somewhere below the production possibility curve PPi; for example, point U in the diagram. We know production below the production possibility curve highlights unemployment. When government starts employment generation schemes, the economy moves towards the full employment, thereby removes unemployment. So, economy comes back to its potential level. Value: Analytic Question 15 There are various sources of income a teacher has; such as, 1. He can earn Rs 40000 from teaching in school. 2. He can earn Rs 50000 by tuition/ coaching 3. He earns Rs 60000 by writing the help book guides. What is the opportunity cost of his teaching in school? Why should he choose teaching profession? [1 Mark] Answer: Opportunity cost of teaching is the writing of books. He should choose teaching profession because it provides maximum social welfare. Value: Social welfare Question 16. Economic slowdown in some parts of the world has adversely affected demand for Indian exports. What will be its effect on the production Possibilities frontier of India? Explain. [CBSE Sample Paper 2013][3-4 Marks]

Answer: There will be no effect on Production Possibility Frontier (PPF). It is because PPF shows only what a country can potentially produce, and not what it actually produces. Slowdown by reducing demand for exports may ultimately bring down output. Assuming that the country’s actual production is somewhere on PPF, Slowdown may result in the country producing at a point somewhere below PPF as shown in the figure at point U. Value: Analytic

Question 17. Using a diagram explain what will happen to the PPC of Bihar if the river Kosi causes widespread floods?[CBSE Sample Paper 2014] [3-4 Marks]

Answer: If the river Kosi causes widespread floods in Bihar, it will lead to destruction of resources in Bihar. This will shift the PPC leftward. Initially PPC is PP. With floods, the PPC will shift to 

Value: Analytic

VII. Applications Based Questions

Question 1. A teacher is getting Rs 6,000 per month as salary. If he leaves the job and starts tuition work, he is expected to earn Rs 5,000 per month. What would be his opportunity cost? [1 Mark]

Answer: The opportunity cost of school job is Rs 5,000 p.m., that the teacher could have earned in the alternative use, by doing tuition work. Question 2. A doctor has a private clinic in New Delhi and his annual earnings are Rs 10 lakh. If he works in a government hospital in New Delhi, his annual earning will be Rs 8 lakh. What is the opportunity cost of having a clinic in New Delhi? [1 Mark]

Answer: The opportunity cost of opening a clinic in New Delhi is Rs 8 lakh, that he could have earned in the next best alternative use, by working in a government hospital in New Delhi. Question 3. With the same amount of resources a farmer can feed the following combination of goats and horses:

Taking into consideration the options available with him, find out the opportunity cost of the farmer of feeding one horse. [1 Mark]

Answer: The opportunity cost of the farmer ‘of feeding one horse is 3 goats i.e.,

Thus, the opportunity cost of feeding one horse is 3 goats. Question 4. Why is production possibility curve also called opportunity cost curve? [3 Marks]

Answer: 1. Production possibility curve is a curve which depicts all possible combinations of two goods which can be produced with given resources and technology in an economy. 2. PPC is also called opportunity cost curve because each and every point on PPC measures the opportunity cost of one commodity in terms of sacrificing other commodity. 3. The rate of this sacrificed commodity is called the Marginal Opportunity Cost of the expanding good. Question 5. What will be the impact of recently launched ‘Clean India Mission’ (Swachh Bharat Mission) on the Production Possibilities curve of the economy and why? [CBSE 2015][3 Marks]

Answer: Cleanliness reduces chances of people falling ill and, thus ensure better health. This in turn will reduce forced absenteeism from work, raise efficiency level and thus raise country’s production potential. Rise in potential shifts PP curve to the right.

Question 6. What will likely be the impact of large scale outflow of foreign capital on Production Possibility Curve of the economy and why? [CBSE 2015] [3 Marks]

Answer: 1. The Production Possibility Curve shifts to the left. 2. It is so because outflow of foreign capital decreases the capital resource in our country leads to fall in production capacity of our country. 3. It can be explained with the help of the diagram that PP is at full employment level and due to outflow of foreign capital it shifts leftwards P1P1. Question 7. What is likely to be the impact of ‘Make in India’ appeal to the foreign investors by the Prime Minister of India, on the production possibilities frontiers of India? Explain.[AI 2015] [3 Marks]

Answer: (i) The production possibility frontier of India shifts rightward because of ‘Make in India’ appeal.

(ii) It is so because it attracts foreign companies or investors to set up factories in India and invest in country’s infrastructure. (iii) It leads to huge capital inflow shifting the production possibility curve rightward as shown in the figure. Question 8. What is likely to be the impact of efforts towards reducing unemployment on the production potential of the economy? Explain. [AI 2015] [3 Marks]

Answer: 1. The economy moves towards the full employment, thereby removes unemployment. 2. This can be done when government starts employment generation schemes. By this, economy moves towards full employment and production potentiality of an economy increases. 3. It can be explained with the help of the following diagram. In the given figure, from unemployment (U), we are moving towards full employment (F).

Question 9. Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule. [CBSE 2015] [3 Marks]

Answer:

The Production Possibility Curve is downward sloping concave because of increasing marginal opportunity cost. Question 10. Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule. [CBSE 2015] [3 Marks]

Answer:

The Production Possibility Curve is downward sloping straight line because of constant marginal opportunity cost. Question 11. Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities curve based on the following schedule. [AI 2015] [3 Marks]

Answer:

The Production Possibility Curve is downward sloping straight line because of constant marginal opportunity cost. Question 12. Giving reason comment on the shape of Production Possibilities Curve based on the following schedule. [AI 2015] [3 Marks]

Answer:

The Production Possibility Curve is downward sloping straight line because of constant marginal opportunity cost.

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