#High speed LED driver circuit

[addohaislam2000]

DC-DC converter, high power lighting, High speed LED driver circuit

100 - 277Vac, 180W, 100 - 1800mA, 50-144V, [DALI 2], IP66 LED Driver

[knth2dson]

https://www.futureelectronics.com/p/semiconductors--Led-lighting-components--led-driver-modules-rev--constant-current-acdc-led-drivers/rsld035-16-enedo-8362501

High power led, 12v constant current led driver, LED Power Supply Transformer Adapter

100 - 277Vac, 39.2W, 700mA, 40-56V, [0-10V], IP64 LED Driver

[aaron04jpg]

Indycar crash course

(For this all I’m just going to use 2024 as an example)

I hope this is helpful feel free to ask any questions!!

1. Teams/drivers

* There is no limit on how few or many drivers can race for a single team.

* Most teams have 3 cars but some have as low as 2 and others have as high as 5

* Drivers don’t have numbers, the cars/teams do (ex: David is car #66 but will change to #41 when he changes to Aj Foyt racing)

* Additional Teams/drivers will come in for the Indy 500

2. Circuits

* circuit types – from road and street circuits to short ovals (one mile or less) and long ovals, often referred to as superspeedways.

* From what I have seen most Indycar drivers like/prefer ovals

3. Chassis and engines

* Dallara is the exclusive chassis supplier for INDYCAR. The chassis is made of carbon fibre, Kevlar and other composites, and weighs approximately 770 kg.

* Chevrolet and Honda are the two engine manufactures in the series and supply competitors

4. Tyres

* Like Formula 1, INDYCAR has a sole tyre supplier. But instead of Pirelli rubber, INDYCAR uses Firestone.

* Firestone provides three types of tyres for road and street courses, and one for ovals. On road and street courses, there is the ‘primary’ black tyre. The ‘alternate’ red tyre is a softer compound that allows for higher speeds but wears faster. A grey sidewall tyre is used in wet weather conditions.

* On ovals, only the ‘primary’ black tyre is used and if the rain falls at this type of circuit, Indy cars will not take to the track.

5. Aeroscreen

* In Formula 1, the teams have the halo. In INDYCAR, the aeroscreen is a ballistic, canopy-like windscreen anchored by titanium framework surrounding the cockpit.

6. Race weekend format

* The format of race weekends changes from race to race, however the most common is that Friday consists of two practice sessions – one in the morning and one in the afternoon.

* On Saturday, there is a morning practice session followed by qualifying in the afternoon.

* Sunday is race day and it begins with a warm-up session at road and street courses. However, on oval circuits there is no warm-up session.

7. Pit Stops

* Unlike Formula 1 where 16 team members assist during a pit-stop, just seven members of each INDYCAR team are permitted go ‘over the wall’ to execute a pit-stop.

* Team members include: four tyre changers, a fueler, a person responsible for the air jack (to raise the car to change the tyres) and an aeroscreen assistant to clean or pull a ‘tear-off’ from screen to help the driver’s vision.

* Each crew member is required wear a firesuit and helmet for protection.

* Indy cars refuel at each stop and drivers pit depending on the length of the track. In the 10 seconds it takes to fuel the car, all four tyres are changed.

8. Point scoring

* Points are awarded for all finishing positions in INDYCAR.

* First – 50 points, second – 40, third – 35, fourth – 32, fifth – 30, sixth – 28, and so on, going down to just five points for the lowest finishing position in the field.

* Bonus points are awarded for: pole position – 1 point, leading at least one race lap – 1 point, and most race laps led – 2 points.

* For the Indianapolis 500 and the final race of the season, points are doubled in those races.

TEAMS (as of end 2024 season)

1. AJ Foyt Racing

* 14 Santino Ferrucci

* 41 Sting Ray Robb

2. Andretti Global

* 26 Colton Herta

* 27 Kyle Kirkwood (logan’s friend !!)

* 28 Marcus Ericsson

3. Arrow McLaren

* 5 Pato O’Ward (McLaren reserve driver)

* 7 Alex Rossi

* 6 Nolan Siegel

4. Chip Ganassi Racing

* 8 Linus Lundqvist

* 9 Scott Dixon

* 10 Álex Paluo Montalbo

* 4 Kyffin Simpson

5. Dale Coyne Racing

* 51 Katherine Legge

* 18 Jack Harvey

6. Ed Carpenter Racing

* 20 Christian Rasmussen

* 20 Ed Carpenter (ovals only)

* 21 Rinus Veekay

7. Juncos Hollinger Racing

* 77 Romain Grosjean

* 78 Conor Daly

8. Meyer Shank Racing

* 66 David Malukas

* 60 Felix Rosenqvist

9. Rahal Letterman Lanigan Racing

* 15 Graham Rahal

* 45 Christian Lundgaard

* 30 Pietro Fittipaldi

10. Team Penske

* 2 Josef Newgarden

* 3 Scott McLaughlin (twt icon)

[its-avalon-08]

kiss and tell (cs55)

(in honor of our fav smooth operator's birthday!!)

✦ pairing - carlos sainz x female!reader

✦ genre - friends with benefits, jealousy, comfort

It all started in Singapore. The city was electric that night, the lights from the Marina Bay Street Circuit casting a mesmerizing glow over the entire island. The race had been grueling, one of the most challenging of the season, but Carlos Sainz had come out on top, crossing the finish line first and claiming victory. The celebration that followed was nothing short of euphoric.

The entire paddock was buzzing with excitement as the night unfolded, but amidst all the chaos, Carlos only had eyes for one person—Y/N. She had been a part of the McLaren team for a while now, working closely with the drivers and crew, and over time, a comfortable camaraderie had developed between her and Carlos. There was always something more beneath the surface, though, an undercurrent of tension that neither of them dared to acknowledge.

But tonight, things felt different. The champagne was flowing, the atmosphere was light, and the barriers they usually kept firmly in place were starting to crumble.

Later that night, after the podium celebrations, the party had spilled over into one of the swanky hotels overlooking the Marina Bay. The drivers were mingling, the music was loud, and the drinks were even stronger. Y/N found herself at the bar, nursing a cocktail when Carlos approached, still riding the high of his win.

“Not gonna lie,” Carlos said, leaning against the bar with that trademark smirk of his, “seeing you out there cheering for me was the best part of the race.”

Y/N laughed, rolling her eyes playfully. “Oh, sure, it wasn’t the adrenaline rush of winning or the thrill of outmaneuvering the other drivers? Just me?”

“Absolutely just you,” Carlos teased, his voice dropping to a low, flirtatious tone. “You looked good today, Y/N. Real good.”

She raised an eyebrow, feeling the familiar warmth that always crept up when Carlos started flirting. “Careful, Sainz, someone might think you’re trying to get me into trouble.”

Carlos chuckled, taking a sip of his drink as he studied her. “Trouble? Who, me? I’m as innocent as they come.”

“Right,” Y/N replied with a grin. “Innocent like you didn’t just race at breakneck speeds through the streets of Singapore.”

“Innocent until proven guilty,” Carlos shot back, his eyes locking onto hers, the playful banter doing little to hide the tension building between them.

They spent the next hour trading flirty remarks, each one drawing them closer until the space between them was almost nonexistent. The noise of the party faded into the background, leaving just the two of them standing at the bar, caught up in a moment that felt like it had been building for months.

Finally, Carlos leaned in, his voice dropping to a husky whisper. “You know, I don’t think I’ve properly thanked you for cheering me on today.”

Y/N tilted her head, her heart racing at his proximity. “Oh? And how do you plan on doing that?”

Carlos’s lips curled into a slow, seductive smile. “I have a few ideas. But I think we’d need a little more privacy.”

Y/N’s breath caught in her throat as she met his gaze, the unspoken invitation hanging between them. She knew what he was suggesting, and she also knew she wanted it just as much. They had danced around this for too long—why not see where it led?

Without breaking eye contact, she downed the rest of her drink and set the glass on the bar. “Lead the way, Sainz.”

Carlos didn’t need any more encouragement. He took her hand, the heat of his touch sending a shiver down her spine, and led her through the crowd, away from the noise and the people. The tension was palpable, an electric current running between them as they made their way to the elevators.

When the doors slid shut, sealing them inside, the air became even thicker with anticipation. Carlos leaned against the wall, his eyes dark with desire as he looked at her. “You sure about this?” he asked, his voice rougher than usual.

Y/N stepped closer, the proximity making her pulse race. “I think we’ve both wanted this for a while, don’t you?”

Carlos nodded, his hand brushing against her arm, leaving a trail of warmth in its wake. “Yeah, I have. But let’s keep it simple, okay? No strings, just…us, enjoying the moment.”

She hesitated for a split second, knowing that agreeing to this meant putting aside any hope for something more. But tonight, with Carlos looking at her like that, she was willing to take the risk. “No strings,” she agreed softly.

The elevator dinged as it reached their floor, and Carlos wasted no time in pulling her out, his hand gripping hers tightly as they walked down the hallway to his room. The tension was almost unbearable by the time they reached the door. Carlos fumbled with the keycard, his usual steady hands slightly shaky with anticipation.

Once they were inside, the door barely clicked shut before Carlos had her pressed against it, his lips crashing onto hers with a hunger that left her breathless. The kiss was everything she had imagined—hot, desperate, and filled with months of pent-up tension.

Carlos’s hands roamed her body, pulling her closer until there was no space left between them. Y/N responded in kind, her fingers tangling in his hair as she kissed him back with equal fervor. The world outside disappeared, leaving only the two of them in a whirlwind of passion.

When they finally broke apart, gasping for breath, Carlos rested his forehead against hers, his voice rough with desire. “God, Y/N…this is exactly what I needed tonight.”

Y/N smiled, her lips brushing against his as she whispered, “I’m not going anywhere, Sainz.”

That night was the beginning of everything—and nothing. They had agreed it would be no strings attached, just something casual between two people who enjoyed each other’s company. But as the weeks went on, and the nights like this one became more frequent, it was clear that the feelings they had been trying to keep at bay were only growing stronger.

But Carlos was determined to keep things light, not wanting to ruin what they had with complications. He told himself over and over that this was enough, that he didn’t need more. But damn, he thought as he watched Y/N fall asleep beside him, her face peaceful and content, I’m in trouble. Because I think I’m falling for her.

And that was the one thing he was truly afraid of.

time skip

The days leading up to that night had been a rollercoaster of emotions for Y/N. Carlos had a habit of making offhand comments about relationships that cut deeper than she’d ever admit. They were subtle, sometimes even playful, but each one was like a small dagger to her heart.

It was just a few days ago when they were sitting in the McLaren hospitality area, surrounded by the usual crowd of drivers and team members. Daniel Ricciardo had been teasing Carlos about settling down, something about how the Spanish driver was getting too old to be a bachelor forever.

"So, Carlos," Daniel started, a mischievous grin on his face, "when are you going to finally settle down and stop breaking hearts left and right?"

Carlos chuckled, leaning back in his chair with an easy smile. "Settle down? Nah, mate, I’m not ready for all that. Relationships are too complicated. I’m enjoying life as it is."

Y/N, who was sitting across from him, felt her heart drop at his words. She masked it with a forced smile, pretending to focus on her coffee. Of course he isn’t ready, she thought, Why would he be? But underneath the casual demeanor, it hurt more than she could admit.

Carlos glanced at her, his smile faltering slightly when he noticed the way her eyes had dimmed. Fuck , Carlos, he thought to himself. Why do you keep saying this stuff? He hated seeing that look on her face, the one she tried so hard to hide.

But then, he did what he always did. He pushed those thoughts away, shoving his feelings deep down where they couldn’t betray him. It’s better this way. She deserves someone who can give her everything, not someone who’s constantly on the move, constantly putting himself first.

Yet, when he was alone, away from the noise of the paddock and the constant demands of racing, his thoughts always circled back to her. He would picture her smile, the way she laughed at his jokes, the way her eyes sparkled when she talked about something she was passionate about. It made his chest ache in a way that was both painful and comforting. God, I love her. I’m so damn scared of how much I love her.

It wasn’t just the teasing from the other drivers, either. There were moments in between—when they were alone, when the world was quiet, and it was just the two of them. Like the time when they were sitting in the team garage late one night after everyone else had left. She was leaning against him, her head resting on his shoulder, and the silence between them was warm, comfortable.

Y/N had looked up at him then, her voice soft and filled with an emotion that made his heart race. "Do you ever think about the future, Carlos? About…what you want?"

He had stiffened slightly, the question pulling him out of the comfort of the moment. He knew what she was really asking, and it terrified him.

Carlos hesitated before responding, forcing a lightness into his voice that he didn’t feel. "I don’t think too far ahead. I’m just taking things as they come, you know? No need to complicate things."

He felt her deflate beside him, her silence saying more than words ever could. It was in moments like these that Carlos hated himself the most. Why can’t I just tell her? he thought, his mind screaming at him to say something, anything, to ease the hurt he knew he was causing. But instead, he just sat there, pretending everything was fine. She deserves better. I can’t give her what she needs. It’s safer this way.

But it wasn’t safer. Not for him, not for her. Every time he said something like that, he felt the distance between them grow a little wider, the connection that had always been so natural starting to strain under the weight of unspoken words and buried feelings.

They were friends with benefits, nothing more. At least, that's what they told themselves. Y/N knew she was in too deep; her feelings for Carlos ran far deeper than casual. But every time she tried to bring it up, Carlos would brush her off with a charming smile and a playful comment about how he wasn't ready for anything serious.

As the night progressed, someone suggested a game of spin the bottle. The group erupted in cheers and groans, the perfect mix of nerves and excitement. The bottle spun, pointing first to Y/N who blushed, much to everyone's amusement.

Then it was Y/N's turn. The bottle spun, clinking against the floor as it finally slowed down, the neck pointing directly at Lando. The room erupted in playful cheers and wolf whistles, while Carlos froze, his smile faltering just for a second.

Y/N glanced at Carlos, her heart skipping a beat, but he had already turned his attention away, a coldness settling into his features. She could see his jaw clenching, the muscle ticking angrily, but he said nothing.

Lando leaned in with his usual cheeky grin. "Guess it's us then," he said, his tone light and playful, trying to make the situation as un-awkward as possible.

Y/N nodded, her heart pounding, but not for the reason everyone thought. As Lando's lips met hers, what was supposed to be a simple, friendly kiss quickly shifted. Lando, sensing the tension in the room, deepened the kiss, his hand slipping to the back of Y/N's neck, pulling her closer.

The room fell silent, the air thick with a sudden intensity. Lando's kiss was anything but innocent—it was slow, deliberate, and filled with a surprising passion. Y/N's hands instinctively moved to his chest, gripping his shirt as she found herself kissing him back with equal fervor. She could feel Lando's heartbeat beneath her fingertips, the heat of his body against hers.

(a little carlos pov)

As Lando leaned in for the kiss, Carlos’s internal monologue went into overdrive. Don’t do it, don’t kiss her like that, don’t touch her like that. She’s mine, for fucks sake! Why can’t you see that?

He watched as Y/N responded to Lando’s kiss, her hands on Lando’s chest, their bodies too close for his liking. That should be me. I should be the one holding her like that, kissing her like that. But I’m the one who keeps pushing her away. This is my fault. I’m going to lose her, and it’s my own fucking fault.

The kiss went on longer than it should have, and with each passing second, Carlos felt his control slipping. His heart pounded in his chest, anger and jealousy swirling together until he couldn’t tell where one ended and the other began. I love you, Y/N. I love you so much it’s tearing me apart. But I’m too scared to say it, and now I’m losing you.

(out of carlos pov)

Carlos watched, every muscle in his body tensing, his breath catching in his throat. He tried to look away, but he couldn't. The kiss was more than just a game now—it was a reminder of everything he was too afraid to claim.

When Y/N finally pulled away, her cheeks were flushed, her breath unsteady. Lando kept his hand on the back of her neck for a moment longer, his thumb brushing against her skin as he gave her a small, knowing smile. "Well, that was something," he murmured, his voice low and teasing.

Y/N felt a shiver run down her spine, but it wasn’t from Lando's touch. It was from the cold, icy glare she felt burning into her from across the room. She turned to Carlos, who was no longer just silent—he was seething. His eyes were dark, filled with a mix of anger and something else, something deeper.

Carlos pushed his chair back abruptly, the legs scraping loudly against the floor. The room fell silent, all eyes on him. He stood up, his expression cold and unreadable. "I'm going outside for some air," he muttered, storming out without another word.

Y/N felt a knot of anxiety tighten in her stomach. She excused herself from the group, ignoring the curious glances, and followed Carlos outside. The night air was cool, a stark contrast to the warmth inside. Carlos was leaning against the side of the motorhome, his back to her, hands clenched into fists at his sides.

"Carlos," she called softly, but he didn’t turn around.

She moved closer, reaching out to touch his arm. "What's going on?"

Carlos finally turned to face her, his eyes blazing with an intensity that took her breath away. "What the fuck was that?" he demanded, his voice low but filled with anger.

Y/N blinked, taken aback by the sudden outburst. "It was just a game, Carlos. It didn’t mean anything."

"Didn’t mean anything?" He repeated, his voice dripping with sarcasm. "Sure didn’t look that way."

"What are you talking about?" Y/N asked, her voice rising in frustration. "You’re the one who said you weren’t ready for anything serious. You’re the one who keeps pushing me away!"

Carlos ran a hand through his hair, his expression torn between anger and something else—something deeper. "You think I don’t know that? You think I don’t hate myself for that?"

Y/N stared at him, her heart pounding in her chest. "Then why, Carlos? Why do you keep doing this?"

"Because I’m scared!" Carlos exploded, the words ripping from him like a confession. "I’m scared of how much I care about you, how much I need you. I’m scared of what happens if I let myself love you and it all goes wrong!"

Y/N's breath caught in her throat. She had waited so long to hear those words, but now that she had, they were wrapped in so much pain and fear.

"I’m already in love with you, Carlos," she said softly, her voice trembling. "And it’s killing me that you don’t trust me enough to let me in."

Carlos closed his eyes, his face contorted in anguish. "I don’t want to lose you, Y/N."

"Then don’t," she whispered, stepping closer until they were inches apart. "Don’t push me away anymore. Let me love you, Carlos. You don’t have to be scared."

For a long moment, he just stood there, staring at her as if trying to decide whether to take the leap. Then, with a shaky breath, he reached out, pulling her into his arms. His lips found hers in a kiss that was anything but friendly—passionate, desperate, and filled with all the emotions he had kept bottled up for so long.

When they finally broke apart, Carlos rested his forehead against hers, his voice barely a whisper. "I love you, Y/N. I’m just…scared of how much."

She smiled through her tears, cupping his face in her hands. "Then be scared. But be with me. We’ll figure it out together."

Carlos nodded, his heart finally beginning to thaw. "Together," he repeated, sealing the promise with another kiss.

[wheelsgoroundincircles]

𝟭𝟵𝟲𝟲 𝗦𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗯𝘆 𝗚𝗧𝟯𝟱𝟬-𝗛

𝗧𝗵𝗲 𝟭𝟵𝟲𝟲 𝗦𝗵𝗲𝗹𝗯𝘆 𝗚𝗧𝟯𝟱𝟬-𝗛 "𝗥𝗲𝗻𝘁-𝗔-𝗥𝗮𝗰𝗲𝗿," is a special muscle car with an interesting history. Here are some of the highlights:

The Legend of the GT350H: Fact or Fiction?

Ever heard the tales of the GT350H, the Hertz rental car that became a track star overnight? Imagine renting a car for the weekend, adding a roll bar, swapping out the engine, hitting the race circuit, and returning it Monday morning as if nothing happened.

These stories have been passed around for years, and while some might seem far-fetched, they add to the mystique of the legendary GT350H.

The Real Story Behind the "Rent-A-Racer"

Back in the fall of 1965, Shelby American and Hertz teamed up to create the GT350H as part of Hertz’s "Rent-A-Racer" program.

The idea was simple: let everyday people experience the thrill of a high-performance Shelby Mustang. And they did—often pushing these cars to their limits. But contrary to popular belief, not all GT350H models were black with gold stripes, nor were they all equipped with automatic transmissions.

A Colorful Past

While most people associate the GT350H with its iconic black and gold color scheme, Hertz actually ordered these cars in various colors, including red, blue, and green. Some even lacked the classic racing stripes.

Hertz’s indecision on the final look led to a diverse fleet, making each GT350H unique in its own way.

The Transmission Debate

Initially, the plan was to split the GT350H fleet between manual and automatic transmissions.

However, after just 85 manual cars hit the rental lots, Hertz switched to all automatics. The reason? Easier for the average driver to handle—though it didn’t stop enthusiasts from making the most of them on the track.

Brake Drama and Racing Mishaps

The GT350H’s brakes became a hot topic when Hertz demanded power brakes just before production. Shelby American scrambled to meet this request, leading to some interesting (and sometimes unreliable) solutions.

The brakes weren’t exactly user-friendly for city driving, but they were perfect for high-speed stops—ideal for the racetrack, maybe not so much for city streets.

There are Some Tall Tales Surrounding This Car

Many stories about the GT350H involve wild adventures, like swapping out parts for a race or towing a trailer with a rented Shelby.

Some of these stories are true, backed by those who lived through them, while others have likely grown in the retelling. Whether fact or fiction, these tales contribute to the GT350H’s legendary status.

The Legacy of the GT350H

In the early years, owning a former Hertz rental GT350H wasn’t exactly a badge of honor.

These cars were often undervalued, thought to be detuned or less desirable than their dealer-sold counterparts. But as time went on, the unique history of these rentals became a selling point. T

Today, GT350Hs are highly prized, with their rental history adding to their allure and value.

The GT350H is more than just a car—it’s a piece of automotive folklore. Whether you believe all the stories or not, there’s no denying the impact this "Rent-A-Racer" had on the world of high-performance cars.

[glittergridguardian]

“Horror Crash in Spa: GP2 Champion Hospitalised following a devastating Qualifying Accident.”

by Brian Smith, 27.08.2012 glitterguardianmotorsports.com

Friday evening left the world of motorsports breathless and worried after the seventeen-year-old GP2 Champion Bradley Bradshaw suffered a horrifying accident during qualifying at the GP2 Series round at Spa-Francorchamps. The circuit is renowned for its high-speed corners and elevation changes, and its ability to test the limits of drivers has turned from Bradshaw’s Home race into a Horror Race, while his family had to watch from the paddock.

Representatives from DAMS have issued a statement this morning that the freak accident occurred due to an unexplained mechanical failure of both the brakes and the rear suspension, which led to Bradshaw spinning and slamming into the barriers at around 270 km/h (167mp/h). Upon impact, the racecar went up in flames with the unconscious driver still inside it.

Due to the quick response of the marshals on site, Bradshaw was swiftly extracted from the wreckage and airlifted to a nearby hospital. A source close to the team has revealed that the young driver who was critically injured remains in a medically induced coma, but has suffered minimal burns.

The godson of Formula 1 world champion Pete “Maverick” Mitchell has become a key figure of junior motorsports. The 2012 GP2 campaign was shaping up to be his breakout year as the defending series champion, and he was positioned firmly in the title fight, ranked first in the championship standings.

In response to the accident, DAMS announced that reserve driver Reuben Fitch will take over Bradshaw’s seat for the remainder of the season. Fitch, 19, has impressed in testing but will have to face the noise, stepping into the shoes of a driver who is widely regarded as one of the brightest talents in motorsport.

For now, we hope he is able to recover and send strength and prayers to his Family. The entire Motorsports Community anxiously awaits updates regarding the health of Bradley Bradshaw, a prodigy, a true racer and a friend to many here on the grid.

You can find the footage of the accident. [here]

Comments:

f2freak1805: that is one gnarly accident, what the hell happened to that car that it went up in flames the second it hit the wall???

kamitchell96: Hope the kid can recover, what a shame!

cold-driver21: I have never seen someone get pulled out of a gp car like that before, are we actually sure that bradshaw is still alive? x

motordad77: So young! Hats off to the marshals and medics.

[28 more comments]

prev< 7 > ✭ masterlist

[paddockanalysis]

What Did McLaren Do Wrong in the 2024 season?

Main post!

The 2024 Formula 1 season was a pivotal year for McLaren. Their remarkable progress since the middle of 2023 had placed them in contention to challenge Red Bull's dominance. However, McLaren fell short of expectations despite strong performances and multiple podiums. The team should have capitalized on critical opportunities, faced strategic dilemmas and struggled to balance priorities between their drivers. This post delves into the races where McLaren faltered, compares their 2024 upgrades to their 2023 developments, examines the team’s internal struggles, and suggests solutions for the future.

Key Races Where McLaren Could Have Dominated but Failed

Azerbaijan Grand Prix

McLaren brought a promising package to Baku, a circuit that suited their strong straight-line speed and nimble handling in slow corners. Lando Norris led for much of the race, but a late Safety Car forced the team into a difficult decision. They opted to pit Norris early, leaving him vulnerable to Max Verstappen’s charge on fresher tires. Oscar Piastri, meanwhile, failed to capitalize on the opportunity due to a poor qualifying performance that left him buried in the midfield—the result: a second-place finish for Norris and a missed double podium.

British Grand Prix

Silverstone was a golden opportunity for McLaren, as upgrades brought to this high-speed circuit made their car a serious contender. Lando Norris led for a significant portion of the race, but a misjudged tire strategy saw him stick with medium compounds while rivals switched to softs for the closing laps. Piastri also lost time during a slow pit stop, effectively ending any hopes of a podium finish. Strategic errors prevented the team from securing a home victory and maximizing points.

Japanese Grand Prix

Suzuka highlighted McLaren's lack of adaptability to changing race conditions. Despite their car being the fastest over a single lap in qualifying, a poor race start for both drivers and a mistimed Virtual Safety Car deployment relegated them to suboptimal positions. The team’s reactive approach left them unable to recover, turning what should have been a double-podium weekend into a fifth and seventh-place finish.

Comparing McLaren’s 2024 Upgrades to Their 2023 Improvements

McLaren’s mid-2023 upgrades marked a turning point for the team, as they transformed from a struggling midfield contender into a regular podium threat. The aerodynamic overhaul in mid-2023 focused on improving efficiency, top speed, and balance in high-speed corners, helping the team secure podiums late in the season.

In 2024, McLaren continued to build on this momentum, introducing significant upgrades to optimize downforce generation and tire management. The new floor and sidepod designs for 2024 enhanced the car's cornering ability and improved its performance on slower circuits like Monaco and Singapore. Additionally, updates to the suspension system made the car more predictable over long stints, addressing one of their weaknesses from 2023.

Despite these improvements, McLaren struggled to replicate the transformative effect of their 2023 upgrades. The key difference lies in the inconsistency of their 2024 package across different tracks. While the car excelled on high-speed circuits like Silverstone and Suzuka, it underperformed on circuits requiring high braking efficiency and mechanical grip, such as Canada and Hungary. This variability highlighted a lack of refinement in their upgrade philosophy, leaving gaps for rivals to exploit.

Struggles with Prioritizing Lando’s Championship Bid

A major challenge for McLaren in 2024 was deciding whether to fully back Lando Norris in his fight for the Drivers' Championship. As Norris emerged as a consistent challenger to Max Verstappen, the team was often torn between prioritizing him and developing Oscar Piastri into a formidable second driver.

McLaren occasionally leaned into favouring Norris, implementing team orders that hindered Piastri’s progress. However, this created tension within the team, as Piastri’s strong performances in the second half of the season made him less willing to play a supporting role. The result was disjointed race strategies that compromised both drivers at critical moments. For instance, at the Dutch Grand Prix, an indecisive pit call saw both drivers lose track position, costing the team valuable points.

Additionally, McLaren’s hesitancy to fully commit to Norris often left him at a disadvantage against Verstappen, who benefitted from Red Bull’s unwavering support. By trying to strike a balance, McLaren undermined their ability to mount a serious championship challenge.

How McLaren Can Fix These Issues in the Future

1. Refined Strategic Decision-Making

McLaren must address their recurring strategic missteps. This involves improving real-time decision-making and simulation models to better predict race scenarios. Hiring experienced strategists or consultants with a proven track record in championship campaigns could also help.

2. Clear Hierarchy Between Drivers

To avoid further internal conflicts, McLaren must establish a clear pecking order between Norris and Piastri. If Norris remains their best chance for a championship, the team must make this explicit while simultaneously ensuring Piastri feels valued as a long-term prospect. Transparent communication and equitable treatment in non-critical situations will help foster team harmony.

3. Focused Upgrade Path

McLaren should focus on developing a car that is consistently competitive across a broader range of circuits. This involves refining their aerodynamic philosophy to improve performance on slower tracks without sacrificing their high-speed advantage. Lessons from 2024 must inform a more cohesive upgrade strategy for 2025.

4. Improved Tire Management

The team must invest in tire management technologies and methodologies. Data from 2024 revealed a tendency to overwork the tires on high-degradation circuits, which cost them crucial positions late in races.

5. Enhanced Race Starts

Both drivers struggled with race starts in 2024, particularly on circuits like Japan and Hungary. McLaren must work on optimizing clutch control and launch procedures to avoid losing valuable track positions at the start of races.

6. Commitment to Championship Goals

Finally, McLaren must decide early in the season whether to prioritize the Drivers’ or Constructors’ Championship. Clear goals will help align the team’s efforts and prevent indecision from sabotaging critical moments.

McLaren’s 2024 season was a story of progress but also of missed opportunities. While the team made significant strides forward, strategic errors, inconsistent upgrades, and internal dilemmas prevented them from realizing their full potential. To dominate in the future, McLaren must adopt a more focused approach, streamline their decision-making processes, and back their lead driver when the stakes are high. With the right adjustments, there’s every reason to believe McLaren can emerge as a championship-winning team in the seasons to come.

Please don’t copy my work🙏

[boxboxblog]

Track Analysis: Albert Park

Cheers to the new season everyone, I will be staying up for quali tonight (or well, very early tomorrow) so I thought I might as well get some posts out there while I wait. So without further ado, please enjoy our first in depth track post of the season.

This 3.28 mile track is a street circuit in the heart of Melbourne, winding by the beautiful Albert Park Lake. The host of the Australian GP since 1996, Albert Park combines public roads and built sections to create an interesting challenge for both drivers and teams. One of the biggest challenges of this track is the bumpy nature of the road, which means tire degradation is heavily important. It is also one of the fastest tracks on the calendar and a lovely mixture of technical sections with high-speed straights.

Sector 1:

Turns 1 and 2: Coming right after the beginning of the track's short straight, this right-left chicane offers very early overtaking opportunities for drivers and requires quick precision. This is the area where a lot of drama can happen, especially on the first lap as the cars are tightly packed together.

First DRS Zone: A medium length straight between two chicanes, this is an area where drivers build a lot of speed. They have to balance acceleration out of the first two turns with proper braking into the next ones, very difficult indeed.

Turns 3 and 4: The first turn of this sequence is not as abrupt as the next, and allows drivers to ease into the tightness that is turn 4. Turn 3 is probably the more preferred overtake spot, and there have been a number of races decides by what goes on in this area.

Turn 5: A smoother turn that leads them into a quick area of the circuit, where they must build speed to fly through the curved straight that brings them to sector 2.

Sector 2:

Turns 6,7,8: The first turn in this section is by far the sharpest kink in sector 2, and leads to the much smoother and quick turns that follow. This is once more an area for building speed, especially as they enter the second DRS zone.

Second DRS Zone: Exiting out of the very rounded and wide turn 8, this DRS zone is a fun little curve that gives the crowd a great shot of the cars. Often this is the zones where drivers set up to overtake in the next corner.

Sector 3:

Turns 9 and 10: A speedy little chicane, it its a great overtaking point and some of the fastest tight corners on the circuit, meaning drivers must find the perfect balance between being quick and steady.

Third DRS Zone: Another great speed area, one of four DRS zones that really makes Albert Park a treat to watch, and it leads into one of the sharpest turns on the track, meaning drivers aim to build speed in the beginning and middle, but also balance their breaking so they get through the next turn safely.

Turn 11: Very sharp turn, almost 90 degrees in fact, and has led to a lot of incidents in this area. Anyone sat in this particular section should be prepared for a show of some kind. The sharpness of this turn and the very very short straight that leads to the next sharp corner means that some drivers will go all in on speed between the turns, while others lean more toward a solid balance.

Turns 12,13,14: A relatively sharp turn that leads into THE sharpest turn on the track (brilliantly so) followed by another relatively sharp turn. This section is very very technical and tests the driver's reflexes to the highest level, especially because they will need to accelerate fast into the next section

Fourth DRS Zone: The final DRS zone is a very long straight that flies past the start/end line. This is probably the area where they build the most speed, as it is a very long and very straight straight. The DRS zones here means you get some very dramatic overtakes past the pit lane as well, but in general is more of a set up for the first turn than anything.

Strategy:

Albert Park is most often a two stop strategy race, though as we saw last year teams have been opting for one-stops in unexpected races (think Leclerc in Monza last year). The bumpy nature of the circuit is harsh on tires, which means management is very important. The sharp turns and extreme speeds also mean that tire deg is high. While maybe not as high as some tracks like Bahrain, it is still something to keep in mind. The tire choice often varies, but as it is with most two-stops they usually go for hard in the middle stint and soft/medium (depending on factors) for the other two. If any team opts for a one stop, they will probably only use medium and hard, and teams who have done this in the past tend to use medium first and then hard. Another factor concerning tires is track evolution. Because this circuit uses public streets, the amount of rubber will change drastically throughout the weekend, which means (especially during quali) track evolution is important to results.

The weather in Australia is also something to consider. It is meant to be relatively hot during the 2025 race weekend, which means cars will have to prepare for the strain high temperatures put both on their tires and their engines. Some cars do well in this weather, some don't, and their cooling systems must be heavily keyed to handle any of that. Rain is also predicted, and as everyone who watches F1 knows, that sort of weather can change the face of a race in seconds. Most teams will prepare multiple strategies to plan for this, or they should anyway.

As for the set up, it really depends on the car's weaknesses and what the driver wants to focus on. Because Albert Park combines very technical chicanes with extremely fast straights, balanced set up would probably work best. High downforce would allow a driver to keep strong grip through the technical sections, while a low downforce set up would allow them to build the most speed in the straights. So the safest bet is balanced, but some drivers have areas of talent that teams can pander to. For example a driver who has brilliant precision could probably have a lower downforce set up so they can take advantage of the speed boost in the straights. Looking at engine power, this track really rewards strong engines due to the quick and relatively long straights, so high-powered engine mappings can often lead to brilliant results.

Upsides and Downsides:

Albert Park is a beautiful track, especially as a viewer, due to its great mix of features. It's got the classics of a street circuit, the beauty of the park, the fascinating show that technical sections give, and a great many chances to overtake (especially due to the four DRS zones, which have always excited me personally). It also has such fantastic speeds so that for those who find technical circuits quite boring, there is always something to watch in every single sector.

The biggest downside of Albert Park is the lack of elevation changes. While this flatness leads to great speed, the lack of undulation can the whole experience a lot less dynamic for both riders and viewers, and it reduces the variations of the racing line. Not the biggest downside, but for those who love tracks like Zandervoort (and the beautiful, beautiful banking) or Mexico City, this will be a very different viewing experience.

Alright, that is my brief overview. I will see you all later for the first quali of the season.

Cheers,

-B

[ferraris-gf]

explaining f1: circuit de monaco

❤️ 🤍

stats

the circuit de monaco has a circuit length of 3.337km, with 78 laps being held, it is the only circuit on the calendar that doesn't run a 305km distance (instead being 260.286). this is due to a combination of its low speed laps, high concentration requirements and the regular intervention of a safety car.

lewis hamilton holds the current lap record, at 1:12.909, with senna holding the record for the most wins at monaco.

2023

last year, it was verstappen who came first, with alonso and ocon rounding out the podium.

charles leclerc

monaco is charles' home race, with him being the first monegasque driver to compete at the race since olivier beretta in 1994. his poor performances at this track has led some to dub him as cursed.

it began in f2 in 2017, despite qualifying pole, he as forced to retire due to suspension issues. he also dnf'ed the sprint due to electrical issues.

in his first f1 season at sauber in 2018, he qualified 14th, but, due to a break issue, crashed into torro rosso's brendon hartley, ending both their races.

in 2019, the issue's began in qualifying. despite being told by the team he was safe for q2, as other drivers did more laps, he was knocked out, qualifying 16th. during the race, the renault of nico hulkenberg squeezed charles into the wall, causing a puncture and ending his race.

in 2021, charles qualified on pole but crashed during the session, with issues so severe the he could not start the race.

in a particularly famous ferrari fumble, in 2022, charles qualified on pole and built up a five second lead. charles had already pit for inters, leading his teammate carlos sainz leading the race. ferrari mistakenly call carlos and charles in for slicks at the same time, with charles falling to 4th. this is the occurrence of the radio "box, now box.. stay out! stay out!" from xavi (his race engineer at the time).

the curse isn't limited to f1 though, with charles driving niki lauda's 1974 ferrari into the barriers at the 2022 historic monaco grand prix.

2023 saw a vague improvement, charles qualified 3rd but gained a 3-place grid penalty for impeding mclaren's lando norris in q3. he started and finished the race 6th, but in what was a chaotic race, this wasn't bad.

charles has never finished on the podium in monaco, is this going to change?

[charles-leclerc-official]

SF-24 and RB-20 Saudi GP tyre comparison

We learned some very crucial technical information this weekend about the SF-24 and tyre degradation.

This is the SF-24 tyres after the race.

And this is what the RB 20 tyres looked like

This shows pretty clearly that the SF-24 is better on the tyres than the RB.

Here's the thing, Max is probably the best driver at taking care of his tyres. It's one of his many strengths, just comes from his experience etc. This is what the RB looked like after being managed by Max who didn't deal with any dirty air(minus like the 2 laps he was behind Lando and that really doesn't make a difference here)

So we can also learn that the RB race pace is due to the body aero. We knew that already, but they are relying heavily on that, and possibly are not as strong in other areas(at least not as much as we've been led to believe)

This is also clearly why Charles was able to set that fastest lap so late in the race. Those hards were I think 30 laps old and he still was able to pull off a fastest lap(usually fastest laps get set on much newer tyres)

It's an impressive performance on Charles' part, but he wouldn't have been able to do it if the SF-24 wasn't able to preserve the tyres.

The SF-24 clearly needs improvements. But if I were RB I would be trying to figure out how Ferrari managed to make such a big leap on the tyre deg issue. This will very likely be an advantage for Ferrari on certain circuits and possibly decide some races/podiums after they implement upgrades.

Jeddah being high speed with harsh braking zones and tight corners is known for being hard on tyres(hence why teams went with hards on the long stint) So for Charles tyres to look like that after so many laps in Jeddah is notable.

Now is this magically going to mean that Ferrari start winning every race ever? No. But the fact they have this means that the car this year, and future cars are going to benefit massively from this. As far as long term development goes at Ferrari this is the kind of thing we want to see.

I think this kind of thing is why Charles is optimistic about the SF-24 development, and Ferrari as a whole. Starting to see some of the things they have cooked up and the results.

Ferrari might be on to something!

[ersaersa-ersaelectronics]

BC847 Transistor: The Tiny Star-Keeper of Our Tech Planets

A Meeting in the Circuit Desert

The desert stretched endlessly, its sands glowing like gold under the sun. I was tracing the dunes, heading toward a distant oasis, when I spotted a glint in the sand—a small, silver shape, no bigger than a ladybug.

“You’re… very small,” I said, kneeling. “And you’re a child who talks to transistors,” it replied, voice steady as the wind. “But some keepers of light are smallest when they’re strongest. Ask the fox.”

It was a BC847—an NPN bipolar junction transistor, but to me, it felt like a secret. Let me tell you its story.

1. What Is a BC847? (Not Just Metal—A Keeper of Light)

This was no ordinary silicon. It was a BC847, a tiny hero in a SOT-23-3 suit—smaller than a ladybug, but tough as a baobab’s roots. Here’s its secret:

Voltage: 45V collector-emitter (VCEO), 5V base-emitter (VBE). It’s like a windbreak for circuits—sturdy against storms of static.

Current: 100mA collector current (IC), 5mA base current (IB). Sips power like a hummingbird, not a thirsty camel.

Speed: 100MHz transition frequency (fT). Faster than the fox darting across the dunes.

Real-World Magic: Powers LED drivers in Philips Hue bulbs (keeping your roses lit) and Tesla’s battery sensors (guiding spaceships on Earth).

“Why so quiet?” I asked. “Keepers don’t shout,” it said. “They just keep.”

2. BC847 & Its Neighbors: Brothers, Not Twins

In the desert of transistors, BC847 has cousins—some taller, some faster, but none quite like it:

BC846: A stronger brother. Handles 65V (vs. BC847’s 45V) but same current. Like a cactus that grows taller, not wider.

BC547: An old friend. Cheaper, but bulkier (TO-92 vs. SOT-23). Like a postman with a big bag—reliable, but takes up space.

2N3904: A flashy neighbor. Faster, but panics at voltage spikes. Like a sprinter who trips at the finish line.

Roast Alert: 2N3904 (boasting): “I’m cheaper!” BC847 (calm, like the fox): “I’m in Tesla’s BMS. You’re in a kid’s science kit. Bye.”

3. Why BC847 Shines Brighter Than Most

BC847 isn’t just a transistor—it’s a star in the circuit sky. Here’s why:

Tiny, But Tenacious: SOT-23-3 fits wearables and IoT sensors, like a key in a tiny lock. Even the fox couldn’t squeeze into spaces this small.

Speed of Light: 100MHz fT processes signals faster than your Wi-Fi rage-quits. The fox? He’s impressed.

Cheap, But Charming: $0.02/unit—cheaper than your morning espresso. Even the rose, who’s picky, approves.

“Why not be bigger?” I asked. “Big things break,” it said. “Tiny things fit. In smartwatches. In Mars rovers. In insulin pumps.”

4. BC847: Keeper of a Thousand Stars

From your wrist to the cosmos, BC847 guards:

Medical (The Healer’s Planet): Powers portable ECG monitors, amplifying weak heart signals (no “404 Error: Heartbeat”). Keeps insulin pumps precise—because roses (and diabetics) need gentle care.

Automotive & Aerospace (The Cosmic Planets): Monitors Tesla’s battery cells (no TikTok fire memes—phew!). Survives cosmic radiation in satellites (Earth drama is overrated, anyway).

Consumer Tech (Your Daily Planet): Powers smartwatch sensors, outlasting your gym motivation. Keeps wireless earbuds jamming—because even foxes need their Hotline Bling.

“Do you get lonely?” I asked. “No,” it said. “I’m everywhere. In your watch, in your car, in the stars. Loneliness is for roses that forget they’re loved.”

5. Brand Battle: The Guardians of the Desert

Not all keepers are made equal. Let’s meet the ones worth trusting:

Nexperia: The geographer of transistors. Makes high-speed BC847W variants—pricier ($0.05/unit), but worth it for precision.

ON Semiconductor: The cactus of the bunch. Works from -40°C (Arctic) to +150°C (Sahara). Bulk orders only, but tough as nails.

Guangzhou Guangxin: The friendly merchant. Budget-friendly ($0.02/unit), but skip if you need fancy datasheets.

Pro Tip: For Mars rovers, stick to ON Semi’s BC847HR (-55°C rated). Even the stars trust it.

6. How to Find Your BC847 (Avoid the Baobabs of Fakes)

In 2025, shop like a wanderer—no baobab-sized fakes:

Retailers: Digi-Key, Ersaelectronic. Search “BC847 SOT-23”—they’ll guide you like the desert’s wind.

Bulk Orders: Alibaba, with verified suppliers like Guangzhou Guangxin. Bargain like a merchant, but check for laser-etched logos (stickers = baobabs).

Price Range: $0.02–$0.10/unit retail; $0.015/unit for 1k+ (AliExpress).

The Secret of the Tiny Keeper

BC847 isn’t flashy. It doesn’t need a name in lights or a viral meme. It’s the kind of friend you remember when your smartwatch works, your Tesla doesn’t catch fire, or a Mars rover sends back photos.

“What makes you special?” I asked, as I left. It didn’t answer. It just sat there, quiet as the desert, as the stars, as time itself.

And I realized—some keepers don’t need to be big. They just need to shine.

Written by a wanderer who once mistook a BC847 for a ladybug. (Spoiler: It didn’t fly, but it powered a toy robot. Close enough.)

🌵 You become responsible, forever, for the stars you once overlooked.

[f1]

Fast facts about the Dutch Grand Prix

Fast facts about the Dutch Grand Prix By Balazs Szabo on 27 Aug 2023, 10:00 Formula One returned after its traditional summer break, albeit this time it is not the Belgian Grand Prix, but the Dutch Grand Prix to kick off the second half of the season. F1Technical's senior writer Balázs Szabó picks out the trivia and stats about today's Zandvoort F1 race. Long history – Today’s Zandvoort race will be the 33rd FIA Formula One World Championship Dutch Grand Prix. The race joined the calendar in 1952 and was a fixture on the schedule until 1985 with the exception of several years – 1954, 1956, 1957 and 1972. The inaugural race was won by Alberto Ascari who led a one-two-three finish for Ferrari. Construction - Situated on the Dutch North Sea coast, the town of Zandvoort already hosted motor racing on its streets as early as the 1930s. After World War II, the permanent venue used today was constructed among the sand dunes, making use of roads laid out by occupying forces. Dutch designer John Hugenholtz is often credited with creating the circuit alongside his work at Suzuka. But while Hugenholtz became circuit director at Zandvoort, it's actually ‘Bentley Boy' Sammy Davis from England – winner of the Le Mans 24 Hours in 1927 – who is said to have advised the Dutch Automobile Racing Club on the layout. Banking - Formula One returned to Zandvoort in 2021. Ahead of its return, the track was modified to aid overtaking opportunites: Turn 3 and the last one, Turn 14 (named after former circuit director John Hugenholtz and Dutch driver Arie Luyendyk respectively), were reprofiled and they now sport a 19 and 13 degree banking respectively, which allows the drivers to go through them at much higher speeds. Short layout – Zandvoort is a relatively short track on the current F1 calendar. The circuit sports a lengths of 4.259km which means that drivers need to complete 72 laps to cover the race distance of 306.648km. Overtaking – Due to its tight nature, overtaking has never been easy in Zandvoort. Two DRS zones have been mandated to aid overtaking opportunities with the first one placed 50m after Turn 10 and the second one installed 40m after Turn 13. The first DRS zone has its detection point 50m after Turn 10 and the second one 20m after Turn 12. The most successful ones - Ferrari is the most successful constructor at the Dutch Grand Prix with eight victories. The Scuderia won twice with Alberto Ascari at the wheel with Wolfgang von Trips, Jacky Ickx, Didier Pironi and René Arnoux also having clinched a win with the Maranello-based outfit. The most successful driver is Jim Clark who won the Dutch Grand Prix four times, followed by Jackie Stewart and Lauda, who won three races apiece. The other repeat winners are Ascari, Jack Brabham, James Hunt and Alain Prost with all of them having two triumphs in the Netherlands to their names. Harder compounds – The banked corners at Turn 3 and Turn 14, and the proliferation of of high-speed turns mean that Pirelli arrived at Zandvoort with compounds from the harder end of its range. The C1 compound is nominated at the Dutch Grand Prix as P Zero White hard, C2 as P Zero Yellow medium and C3 as P Zero Red soft. This is the same choice as the last two years (since Zandvoort returned to the calendar) with the difference being that the current C1 compound is softer than its predecessors. Reduced speed – Due to the tight nature of the pit lane, the speed limit is set at 60kph during every on-track action of the weekend. Modifications – The Zandvoort track has gone trhough a few changes since last year. New, upgraded fencing has been installed on the right-hand side at Turn 7and Turn 8 , and in the run-off at Turn 12 to protect marshals. A bump has been removed on the start/finish straight just before the first corner. Furthermore, bumps on the right-hand side between Turns 5 and 6 have also been removed. via F1Technical.net . Motorsport news https://www.f1technical.net/news/

[news24-amit]

Multilayer Varistor Market Gains Traction with Surge in Portable Devices

The global Multilayer Varistor (MLV) Market is on a robust growth trajectory, with a market value of US$ 0.5 Bn in 2024 projected to reach US$ 1.1 Bn by the end of 2035, expanding at a steady CAGR of 6.9% from 2025 to 2035. As modern electronic systems become increasingly sophisticated, the role of protective components like multilayer varistors has become crucial in ensuring device safety, longevity, and compliance with electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) regulations.

The multilayer varistor market is poised for significant expansion due to multiple converging trends—widespread adoption of electric vehicles (EVs), the proliferation of smart grids, increased penetration of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, and accelerating 5G deployment. Multilayer varistors, being compact, efficient, and capable of protecting delicate circuitry from voltage surges, are indispensable in these high-tech environments.

Asia-Pacific, particularly East Asia, remains the manufacturing and innovation hub for MLVs, thanks to a strong industrial base in China, Taiwan, and Japan. However, markets in Europe and North America are also gaining traction, driven by stringent EMC standards and rapid expansion of EV and renewable energy infrastructure.

Market Overview

Multilayer varistors are vital electroceramic components made from alternating layers of metal oxide and ceramic materials, primarily zinc oxide. These layers provide non-linear voltage-current characteristics, enabling them to absorb excessive transient voltages. The result is superior protection for sensitive electronic devices against electrostatic discharge (ESD), electrical overstress (EOS), and lightning-induced surges.

Their compact design, low leakage current, and high surge energy absorption make them ideal for consumer electronics, automotive systems, medical devices, industrial machinery, and telecommunication infrastructure.

Market Drivers

1. Boom in Consumer Electronics

The rising global appetite for AI-powered electronics—including smartphones, smart TVs, and wearables—has created unprecedented demand for compact, high-performance protection components. India, for example, is poised to hit US$ 300 Bn in electronics output by 2025–26, according to the Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY). Taiwan, another major player, reported a 11.2% rise in export orders for electronics in October 2024, touching US$ 55.4 Bn.

These trends underscore the critical need for MLVs in protecting AI-enabled, high-frequency electronic circuits from transient electrical threats, ensuring consistent performance and durability.

2. Telecommunications Infrastructure Expansion

Next-gen telecom technologies like 5G require precision-engineered electronics capable of high data throughput. MLVs are essential here, safeguarding base stations, networking hardware, and power distribution units. Government investments in digital infrastructure globally are reinforcing this demand:

India announced a ₹26,316 crore investment for expanding 4G connectivity to 6,279 rural villages.

Australia committed US$ 3.8 Bn to upgrade the NBN, including laying 23,000 km of fiber-optic cable.

As digital connectivity deepens across the globe, MLVs will continue to be integrated into critical telecommunication equipment.

Segmental Analysis: Voltage Range

The "Up to 30 V" segment led the market in 2024, commanding a 32.8% share, driven by demand for low-voltage protection in:

Smartphones and tablets

Smart home devices and wearables

Compact industrial electronics

Electric and hybrid vehicles

As miniaturization, power efficiency, and high-speed performance become top design priorities, MLVs in the sub-30V range offer ideal protective solutions.

Regional Outlook

East Asia: Global Powerhouse

East Asia, led by China, Japan, and South Korea, accounted for 38.0% of the global market share in 2024. This leadership stems from:

Advanced R&D capabilities

Abundant raw material supply

Highly automated and cost-effective manufacturing

Strategic public-private partnerships

The region’s dominance is further reinforced by rising adoption of MLVs in automotive electronics, consumer gadgets, and industrial automation systems. Ongoing innovation in miniaturization and multilayer stacking techniques gives East Asia a clear technological edge.

Europe and North America: Rising to the Occasion

Both regions are expected to witness steady growth due to:

Stricter EMC regulations

Strong presence of premium electronics brands

Increasing investments in EVs, aerospace, and industrial automation

Adoption of renewable energy and grid modernization programs

Key Players & Industry Developments

The MLV market is characterized by intense competition, technological innovation, and strategic partnerships. Leading manufacturers include:

Bourns, Inc.

KOA Speer Electronics Ltd.

Panasonic Corporation

TDK Corporation

KYOCERA AVX Components

Littelfuse, Inc.

Vishay Intertechnology, Inc.

AEM Components, Inc.

Walsin Technology Corp.

MARUWA Co., Ltd.

Recent Developments:

KOA Speer Electronics (July 2024) launched the NV73S series, a metal oxide varistor capable of handling up to 6,000 A surge current, five times the capacity of its predecessor. The product addresses ESD, EMI, and motor surge protection in compact form factors.

Bourns, Inc. (January 2024) introduced the BVR Series of low-voltage MLVs, designed for superior transient absorption and optimized power dissipation. These are tailored for low-voltage AI and IoT devices.

These product introductions reflect a broader trend of innovation in materials, form factor optimization, and performance enhancement.

Challenges and Opportunities

Challenges:

Raw Material Price Volatility: The fluctuating prices of ceramics and metal oxides impact cost predictability for manufacturers.

Alternative Technologies: Competing solutions like transient voltage suppression (TVS) diodes pose a challenge in specific applications.

Opportunities:

Renewable Energy Sector: MLVs can play a pivotal role in surge protection for solar inverters, wind turbines, and smart grids.

Healthcare Devices: The demand for safe, compact surge protection in diagnostic and monitoring devices opens new frontiers.

Automotive Electrification: EVs and ADAS (advanced driver-assistance systems) require robust, miniaturized protection against electrical surges.

Conclusion

The multilayer varistor market is entering a phase of dynamic growth, fueled by an electrified, connected, and miniaturized world. With East Asia leading manufacturing, and strong momentum building in Europe and North America, the global MLV landscape is evolving rapidly.

Ongoing investments in telecommunications, consumer electronics, electric mobility, and industrial automation are ensuring that multilayer varistors will remain central to the safe and efficient functioning of advanced electronic systems. For stakeholders, including component manufacturers, OEMs, and investors, the market offers lucrative opportunities driven by relentless innovation and expanding application diversity.

As we move toward 2035, MLVs are set to remain the frontline defense in an increasingly electrified and data-driven ecosystem.

[piradoswitches123]

Why Pirado Switches Stands Out Among Double Side PCB Manufacturers

In the rapidly evolving world of electronics, printed circuit boards (PCBs) serve as the foundation of virtually every modern device. While single-layer PCBs suffice for basic applications, the demand for compact, efficient, and high-performance systems has led to the growing popularity of double side PCBs. These PCBs, which have conductive layers on both sides, allow for greater circuit density and flexibility in design. Among the numerous players in this space, Pirado Switches has carved a unique niche as a trusted and innovative double side PCB manufacturer.

What is a Double Side PCB?

A double side PCB, also known as a double-layer PCB, features two layers of conductive material – one on the top and one on the bottom of the board. Components and circuits can be mounted and interconnected on both sides, providing enhanced design freedom and allowing for more complex circuit layouts without increasing board size. These PCBs are widely used in industrial controls, LED systems, power supplies, automotive electronics, and more.

Why Choosing the Right Manufacturer Matters

Selecting the right manufacturer for double side PCBs is critical. It impacts the quality, durability, and performance of the final product. Factors like precision in etching, solder mask application, via drilling, and quality control directly affect how well a PCB performs under operational stress. That’s where Pirado Switches stands out.

Pirado Switches: A Reliable Name in PCB Manufacturing

Pirado Switches has built a reputation for delivering high-quality double side PCBs that meet the exacting demands of various industries. With years of experience, advanced manufacturing facilities, and a focus on innovation, Pirado combines technical expertise with customer-focused service.

Here’s what sets Pirado apart:

Precision Manufacturing: Pirado uses state-of-the-art machinery for double side PCB fabrication, ensuring accurate layer alignment and reliable via connections.

Customization: Whether you need standard designs or fully customized boards, Pirado provides tailored solutions to meet specific project requirements.

Quality Assurance: Every board undergoes stringent testing for electrical integrity, dimensional accuracy, and component compatibility.

Fast Turnaround: Pirado understands time-to-market is crucial, offering fast prototyping and production timelines without compromising on quality.

Eco-Friendly Practices: Pirado incorporates environmentally conscious methods in its production processes, complying with global RoHS standards.

Applications and Versatility

Pirado’s double side PCBs are used across a wide array of applications. From LED drivers and consumer electronics to automotive control systems and industrial automation units, the versatility of their boards is matched only by their performance and reliability.

Final Thoughts

As electronic devices become more sophisticated, the need for efficient, compact, and durable circuit designs continues to grow. Double side PCB Manufacturers are a crucial part of that evolution, and working with a trusted manufacturer like Pirado Switches ensures your projects are built on a solid foundation. With their blend of quality, speed, and customization, Pirado remains a go-to choice for engineers and product developers worldwide.

Visit:-https://www.vaishnavielectronics.co.in/double-side-pcb.html

[atplblog]

Price: [price_with_discount] (as of [price_update_date] - Details) [ad_1] From the brand How we get our start? PiBOX India was formed to primarily address the gap in Electronics quality that we saw between western countries and India.We make premium products and IOT enablement devices at affordable prices. How are we different ? We truly think of you as a customer and not the top line or bottom line. We always try to create true value while doing ZERO compromise for quality. We do everything to help our community as we extend reach ! PiBOX India was established by a group of IT engineers with the intention of making next-generation technology accessible, all the while prioritizing premium quality. Every product we launch is crafted with you, the customer, in mind. 【Blazing 10 Gbps Data Speed 】Two USB C-C and USB C-A Strong Cables : 10 Gbps HIGH SPEED: PiBOX India M.2 NVMe SSD external case adopts the latest USB 3.1 Gen 2 Type-C interface. Support UASP acceleration protocol and support theoretical data transmission speed of up to 10Gbps. When using high-performance NVMe media, the read/write performance can exceed 900 MBytes/sec. Included USB-C to USB-C and USB-C to USB-A cables, works with USB-C/USB-A hosts. 【Thermal pad for Best Heat dissipation - Unlock Seamless Compatibility:】ONLY SUITABLE FOR PCIe NVMe M.2 SSD: PiBOX India M.2 to USB enclosure only for NVMe M-Key M.2 SSD (PCIe-based) up to 4TB, applicable to sizes 2230 / 2242 / 2260 / 2280 SSDs, PCIe NVMe case does not support M.2 SATA based SSDs, M.2 PCIe AHCI SSDs, and any SSD from Mac. [Does not support NGFF SATA SSD] 【Effortless Operation:】 Experience plug-and-play simplicity with tool-free installation—no drivers required for this enclosure. Slide open the rear cover, place your M.2 SSD into the B-Key or M&B-Key slot, secure it with the provided rubber fasteners, and close the case. No external power supply is needed, and it supports hot-swapping. Its compact, portable design, clad in a sleek aluminum shell, makes it easy to carry on the go. 【Reliable and Sturdy:】 Crafted from premium aluminum alloy, the PiBOX India enclosure excels at dissipating heat, obviating the need for a cooling fan during high-speed operation. It boasts short-circuit, over-current, and over-heat protection, ensuring the safety of your NVME M2 SSDs and critical files. Furthermore, it features S.M.A.R.T functionality to monitor your M.2 SSD's status, while the LED indicator provides instant status updates. 【Versatile Compatibility:】 Our enclosure extends compatibility to Windows 10/8/7/XP/Vista, Mac OS, Linux, and Chrome OS. It accommodates a wide array of NVME M2 based M.2 SSDs, including popular models such as Samsung SSDs, WD Green , WD Blue 3D NAND SATA SSDs, Crucial , Kingston SSDs, and more. [ad_2]

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GaAs Wafer Market Size Powering Next-Gen Electronics with High-Performance Materials

The GaAs Wafer Market Size is experiencing robust growth, fueled by rising demand for high-speed, high-frequency devices across consumer electronics, aerospace, defense, and telecommunications. According to Market Size Research Future, the global gallium arsenide (GaAs) wafer market is projected to reach USD 1.5 billion by 2030, expanding at a CAGR of 12.4% during the forecast period (2023–2030).

Overview

Gallium arsenide wafers offer superior electronic performance over silicon, particularly in terms of speed, efficiency, and resistance to radiation. GaAs-based semiconductors are ideal for high-frequency, low-noise applications such as RF amplifiers, satellite communication, radar systems, and optoelectronic devices like LEDs and laser diodes.

With the surge in 5G rollout, satellite internet, and demand for high-speed data transmission, GaAs wafers are becoming essential in enabling these technologies. Their inherent material advantages—such as higher electron mobility and direct bandgap—make them indispensable for next-generation electronics.

Market Size Segmentation

By Product Type:

SI GaAs (Semi-Insulating)

SC GaAs (Semi-Conducting)

By Wafer Size:

2-inch

4-inch

6-inch

Others

By Application:

RF Electronics

Optoelectronics

Photovoltaic Cells

LED and Laser Diodes

Others

By End-User:

Aerospace & Defense

Telecommunications

Consumer Electronics

Automotive

Industrial

Others

By Region:

North America

Europe

Asia-Pacific

Latin America

Middle East & Africa

Market Size Trends

1. Rising Adoption in 5G Infrastructure

The deployment of 5G networks has increased the demand for high-performance RF front-end modules, where GaAs wafers are critical due to their high electron mobility and efficiency in millimeter-wave frequencies.

2. Miniaturization of Electronic Devices

As smartphones and wearable devices become more compact, GaAs wafers are being used to fabricate integrated circuits that deliver high performance in limited space without thermal compromise.

3. Increased Investment in Satellite Communication

GaAs technology is being extensively deployed in satellite transceivers and phased-array antennas due to its excellent power and frequency-handling characteristics.

4. Sustainability in Energy Systems

GaAs wafers are being investigated for use in high-efficiency photovoltaic cells for space-based and terrestrial applications, promoting greener energy alternatives.

Segment Insights

By Product Type:

SI GaAs wafers dominate the market owing to their superior resistivity and suitability for high-frequency analog applications like radar and satellite communication. SC GaAs, on the other hand, is gaining ground in optoelectronic applications.

By Wafer Size:

The 4-inch wafer segment holds the largest market share due to its compatibility with existing fabrication lines. However, the 6-inch segment is expected to grow rapidly as manufacturers strive to increase yield and reduce costs per chip.

By Application:

RF electronics account for the majority of GaAs wafer consumption, particularly in smartphones and wireless infrastructure. Optoelectronics such as LEDs, laser diodes, and photodetectors are a fast-growing segment due to rising demand in automotive and display technologies.

End-User Insights

Telecommunications:

This sector leads in GaAs wafer consumption for power amplifiers, switches, and filters used in mobile devices and telecom infrastructure.

Aerospace & Defense:

GaAs wafers play a crucial role in high-frequency radar systems, electronic warfare, and secure satellite communications.

Consumer Electronics:

Smartphones, tablets, and wearables integrate GaAs-based chips to support high-speed, low-latency connectivity and compact form factors.

Automotive:

Advanced driver-assistance systems (ADAS), infotainment, and LiDAR systems benefit from the reliability and efficiency of GaAs wafers.

Industrial:

Automation systems and sensors in manufacturing utilize GaAs devices for precision control and robust signal transmission in harsh environments.

Key Players

Key players in the GaAs wafer market are focusing on capacity expansion, technological innovation, and strategic partnerships to meet rising global demand:

Qorvo Inc. – A leader in RF solutions using GaAs technology for 5G, Wi-Fi, and defense systems.

Win Semiconductors Corp. – Offers GaAs foundry services for high-speed wireless and optical communication devices.

Advanced Wireless Semiconductor Company (AWSC) – Specializes in GaAs-based RFICs for smartphones and wireless networks.

AXT Inc. – Supplies raw GaAs substrates for various high-frequency applications.

IQE PLC – Provides GaAs epitaxial wafers used in wireless, photonics, and power electronics.

Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. – Develops GaAs wafers for optical and RF semiconductor components.

Future Outlook

The GaAs wafer market is set to grow significantly over the next decade, driven by 5G expansion, increased satellite-based services, and growth in high-frequency device applications. Emerging areas such as augmented reality (AR), autonomous vehicles, and space exploration will further push the boundaries of GaAs adoption.

Ongoing research into large-diameter GaAs wafers and cost-effective manufacturing processes is expected to enhance scalability and commercial viability. Asia-Pacific, particularly China, Taiwan, and South Korea, is likely to dominate the market, backed by a strong electronics manufacturing ecosystem.

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