#How to add footnotes in word grammar

[fenrislorsrai]

Fandom Trumps Hate- Good Omens Offerings

this is a non-exhaustive list because there are so many Good Omens offerings. These are just Discord pals that were go "aaaaaaaaaaa what if nobody bids on me!?!?!?!"

well, then what if I give you the opposite problem and EVERYONE bids on you. AHAHAHAHAHA. Chaos for a good cause! my favorite!

Read the full offering for details. I've just given a super quick summary and additional fandoms they do if you're going "I hunger for CROSSOVER" plus said nice things about them. HAHAHAHA. YOU HAVE TO ACCEPT MY COMPLIMENTS NOW!

Get art or words as a gift for your favorite fandom for a charity donation! Fandom Trumps FAQ on how it all works. @fandomtrumpshate

Dorli-+ Legend of Zelda, Avatar The Last Airbender- illustration, banner, or book cover -- up to M rating - does trans/nb characters, f/f ships - absolutely the softest, squishiest looking character work. get the most huggable version of characters. (or squishy AND hot. ohohohoho)

SassishMoon- illustration up to E rating- does trans/nb characters, f/f ships -special note, I got art for Moon last year and it was fabulous. also have a collab coming out in a zine and it is HOT HOT HOT.

WarGoddess- + FullMetal Alchemist- Illustration up to E rating- interested in angst, unhappy endings, genderbending- lovely textures. beautiful skins tones and absolutely fabulous wings.

Sightkeeper- illustration up to E rating- option for comic page if bid goes high enough!- interested in trans & nonbinary characters- Delicious line work and delightful facial expressions. also: monsters

TheRavenMuse - 5-10K fic up to E rating- make it dark, make it weird! and by weird, has done Bentley/Bookshop smut. TIME FOR CRACK.

contritecactite- + Final Fantasy: VII, XII, XV, Ace Attorney 5-10K fic up to E OR 5K podfic of your work up to M rating- interested in trans & nonbinary character, F/F, polyships, and canon compliant/fill in the gap in canon type fics- go get you some RADIO omens. and Book Omens. writes very caring stuff... and sometimes caring is a good healing fuck.

accidentaldemon- under 5k up to E rating- interested in polyships, trans & nonbinary characters, and humans AUs- do you need some Crowley & Young Shadwell fic? AccidentalDemon has you covered.

TawnyOwl- 5-10K up to E rating- loves AUs where they meet and find they're perfect for each other in a new and special way.

SeedsofWinter +Our Flag Means Death + Venture Brothers- Fan Labor for up to E rating. (length depends on final bid value) Deep content editor. Goes way beyond the basic spelling and grammar check. This is a draft editor to help fill in missing scenes and fix pacing. Has run several zines as the editor! Interested in trans /nb characters, polyships, f/f, reader insert, unhappy endings, and RARE PAIRS.

Ngk_is_cool - under 5K up to T- TV or Book Omens! time for all those secondary character to shine! anything but a/c. especially interested in ace and queerplatonic relationships. do you want a fic with some footnotes like the book?

Shaninal- under 5K up to M rating- A/C in some canon complaint fluff and humor. OR beta read for 5-10K up to E rating for Good Omens, Percy Jackson, or Miraculous Lady Bug

EdosianOrchids- 3 options! 2 soft & fluffy up to 5K and one 5-10K hurt/comfort. TV or Book Omens. especially known for chronic pain, disability, and PTSD focused fics. Come and get some HEALING and comfort for the chronic issues. also does aspc fics.

HKBlack- 10-20K up to E rating. Interested in trans/nb characters. Love AUs with a happy ending. THERE WILL BE PUNS. SO MANY PUNS

This is only a partial sampling go see the whole Good Omens tag

and if you are have a gomens offering not listed here, feel free to add in reblogs! Let's give some charities some money!

[sfstranslations]

how hard(?) would you say it is to translate? Ive been kinda curious about that, like does anything get lost in translation/ just not make that much sense without knowing the og language? or anything like that? 🤔

Hm, maybe 7 or 8 on a scale of 10? Though it can easily go higher at times, haha. (Always when Sung Hyunjae is in a scene because his name is a misspelling and it pisses me off.* This is a joke. Only half, though.) Basic word-by-word dictionary lookup is simple, which is why machine translators can do it well enough. But then you have to string all of it together in a sentence where you:

figure out and find a way to convey any difference in connotation between this specific chosen word and other words that mean the same thing (think the connotations of "regal" VS "royal" in English), and

do the same as above, but on a sentence-wide level translating the nuance of a particular grammar/sentence structure (thousand and one sentence endings in Korean, I swear -_-), and

make sure distinct character voices are retained or translated from the original Korean (think Song Taewon's stiff formality VS Han Yoojin's more casual speech VS Sung Hyunjae's middle-aged rich guy-type speech), and

make sure this sentence flows with the overall paragraph/chapter.

All those priorities have to be juggled throughout the chapter and add up to make it a fairly hard task. It definitely gets easier with practice once you're more familiar with the language (especially the nuance/connotation stuff), though, and I did get lucky in that my native language shares some aspects with Korean so the grammar is easier to intuitively grasp. Of course, I'm still learning, so I do have times I need to call in more experienced speakers for help.

(I definitely wouldn't say I'm good with the language period. Recently I've tentatively picked up a new novel—people following my personal blog will know which one—and it turns out I'm familiar with the way Geunseo talks and familiar with the vocabulary typical to dungeon fantasy novels, but kind of. Majorly hopeless when it comes to other stuff. The phrasing is juuust off enough that I keep getting tripped up and taking thrice as long to understand what's being said.)

There's definitely stuff that wouldn't make sense in English—certain idioms, cultural stuff, and all that, but that's why I try to localize wherever possible and add footnotes with relevant info/links if not. And there is stuff that gets lost in translation—you can look at the chapter titles from 302–307 for an example of that, where the joke is much more immediately obvious in Korean but had to be translated differently as chapter title VS in-chapter text messages and lost the clear parallel. I also remember being grumpy back during the virtual reality dungeon arc because Yoohyun would use 네놈 (ne-nom but typically pronounced ni-nom, a derogatory way to say "you", LMAO) towards Sigma and there was no concise way to get that across in English except having him be aggressive and direct. Especially since he isn't the type to swear by word of god, so I couldn't have him addressing him with "asshole" or "jerk" to convey it.

TL;DR: Fairly hard to translate, but gets easier with time, and there is stuff that's lost or difficult to understand, but I do what I can to make it understandable in English!

--

* Sung Hyunjae uses "ae" at the end, but that implies it's 성현재, which is wrong—the correct spelling is 성현제, which should be "Sung Hyunje". (If you wanted to go the full Revised Romanization route, it'd be Seong Hyeonje, but I've weathered my share of name changes and that's a step too far even for me.) I've been meaning to make a poll about changing it like with the Lauchitas spelling, but I keep forgetting.

[kurishiri]

Hello! I hope you're doing well. You are truly doing the fandom a service with your translations🙏 As an impatient EN player, they help in so many ways. I also enjoy when you add footnotes that explain some nuances! Would it be okay to ask how you went about learning JP, how long it's been since you started, and if you have any tips for beginners? Reading your and judemoonsbeauty's translations was the final push I needed to start learning the language but aaa~ it's sometimes so overwhelming TT

Oh, and what is it like to play both the JP and EN version? Do you have a slightly more critical way of reading the EN version because you're comparing it to your translations or is that not on your mind?

ANYWAYS this is getting a bit long~ but really, thank a lot for what you're doing for the fandom🫶

helloo anon! wow your words flatter me, this means a lot to me to hear 😳🤍 i will tell ciele too! i’ll put my answers below a cut if its okie — it got pretty long for me too, heh. sorry in advance if anythings worded awkwardly!

how i learned japanese and when i started

its a mix of classroom setting and self teaching for me! jp wasnt offered as a language option at our school before undergrad, so from maybe middle school ish on? i taught myself hiragana and katakana with quizlet, some kanji as well.

i learned very basic grammar and vocabulary while being self-taught, but most of it was gained from the classroom setting during undergrad. i also worked as a japanese tutor. and i took classes solely in jp. everything — and i mean everything — but explanation of important projects and whatnot probably, was done in jp.

my prof from those classes basically trained all of us to read entire texts in jp in a relatively short amount of time and be able to understand what was going on. its the process of learning to not get caught up in every individual word you may not know and using context clues, and this does take time! but it would be no exaggeration to say this has helped me read ikevil jp. atp i think i can read a story in ikevil jp at a similar pace as i do in en (maybe a tad slower) without a translator, and understand what’s going on.

tips for beginners learning japanese

if you ask me, i would not try to read games or stories like ikevil in japanese right off the bat. i can guarantee you doing so is your one way stop to getting overwhelmed and potentially having the opposite effect. ik its tempting, but those are catered to native jp speakers and assume you have cultural knowledge as well, as is evident in some parts of roger, alfons, ellis’ routes. so if you dont at least have a solid foundation in japanese, its probably gonna be a struggle. well, the most obvious example would probably be jude and how he speaks in an entirely different dialect (but one still understandable if you know the tokyo one), known as the kansai dialect.

i would suggest once you at least have hiragana and katakana learned along with some basic sentence grammar (like learning basic functions of particles like は, が, に, で, etc) to use sites that are geared to people learning japanese. the one i recommend personally is nhk. they literally exist as a resource for you to help you learn the language. as you continue, i would use the weekly news in simple japanese feature they have. its a bit of a more boring read than ikevil maybe lmao but what i like abt this is that they have furigana for all the kanji, so they’ll tell you exactly how to read a kanji character, as long as you know the hiragana alphabet. you can also listen to an article be read aloud and also hide the furigana to test how well you can read the kanji.

other resources to learn grammar and whatnot that you may find helpful would be tae kim’s guide, maggie-sensei, and jlpt-sensei. they have these comprehensive guides for grammar structures and whatnot that you may commonly see in japanese. for learning vocabulary or kanji, i would suggest using mnemonics or “image stories” and also investing some time to learn the meanings of radicals, or [部首] (bushu) in japanese.

what its like to play both jp and en

honestly im not too critical of my own work and i dont consider my work worse or better than the official translators. in the end, translating is also an art; the same prompt can yield different results for each person. in the end, the official translations are just another interpretation of the same text, with an added layer of localization to cater to the western audience and perhaps some limitations due to it being a visual novel. so i dont think official tls should be considered more or less valid than any other tl out there. but i believe there are certain advantages to read fan-tls as well. for example, you can read the route in its most authentic form without much changes from the jp version. and fan translators can also use footnotes to explain certain nuances.

there are sometimes i read a story and can notice some things a bit lost in translation. this isnt a bad thing. its quite inevitable, in fact, seeing just how different english and japanese are as languages. but the official game doesnt have the luxury to really explain these. for example, here is one from alfons mad love end in his route.

i guess another thing is that another motivator for me is trying to make in-game feel even a bit more accessible especially content that may be behind a paywall or require grinding. i cant really afford everything and im only one person in the end, but i dont see a reason to not try and share these sorts of things if i can. ig its sorta my way of tryna contribute to the fans.

[rudnitskaia]

Uwu, @shortformdrip-blog, thanks for tagging me! and having such faith in me lol xD I watched Murder Drones, yes. :3

In literature the most common approach is to provide the original speech and give the translation in the footnote. But since we're talking about fanfiction purposes, where footnotes are not commonly used, I guess you can simply write in English and accentuate that Doll (or any other fictional character) speaks in Russian with "she/he/they said in Russian". Like:

"We did it..." Doll muttered under her breath in Russian.

The minuses of this approach: you must repeat that the character speaks in the different language, which can be annoying for the reader, and it's hard to insert a single foreign word into the character's speech. For example, you can't do smth like this: "You can make us блинчики [Russian: pancakes] for breakfast."

If we speak about single words insertions, I recommend to use the approach similar to the one I shown in the example above. For full sentences, I find the approach @shortformdrip-blog suggested quite elegant for fanfiction: use square brackets or any other marks, combined with italics. Simple to understand.

The other one I can suggest is to write a phrase/sentence in the speaker's native language and then give the translation to the reader's language in italics right after the quotation marks. For example:

"У нас получилось..." We did it... Doll muttered under her breath.

Or in square brackets right in the sentence. For example:

"У нас получилось... [We did it...]" Doll muttered under her breath.

If you want to provide a word/phrase/sentence in Russian, Yandex Translate is really a much more useful instrument than Google Translate when it comes to translating things from almost any language into Russian. So mostly it's enough just to write the text in English, put it into this online-translator and it will give you a proper translation into Russian. Ofc, it won't be flawless; it's not a literary translation, but it is quite accurate if we speak about meanings and grammatical aspects. If you don't know how Russian grammar works at all, just take it and in 95% of cases it will be totally fine.

A tip though: avoid abbreviations and slang. You can add it back into your translated-into-English version of the sentence, but when you put a sentence in English to translate it into Russian, write as literary as you can. It will understand common things like "smth" and "lol" probably, but I don't know ANY online-translator that will properly translate "afair" for example. So just avoid it for your own sake, or the result will be unpredictable. xD

If you have at least a brief understanding of how Russian grammar works, Yandex Translate has a cool base of translations' examples from various media (books, movies etc.), so if you need a specific term/phrase, you can see how it was already translated by professionals. It's VERY useful. Yandex Translate maybe not the best translator, but this base is the most vast and correct I've seen and is simply priceless.

Hope it will be useful. ✨💖✨

one of the things about the murder drones fandom is that there is just no consensus on how to write cyn. bold text? code tags? Capitalizing Every Letter? does the narration spell out her every emotion? every sentence, or once per dialogue block? is it wrapped in asterisks like a chat roleplay, or colons like a markdown emoji?

you can just open cyn's dialogue and put whatever your heart desires, no one can stop you

[mmorggospel]

How to add footnotes in word grammar

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Looking for Grammarly How To Add Footnote…

[headless-horsepossum]

this may be a silly question but. what does an editor Do. I ask b/c I might need that service but don't even know I need that service.... hope this doesn't come across rude I'm just genuinely curious

Not silly or rude!! it's a fair question cause there are a bunch of different kinds of editors.

Basically, if you're working on something, (written work in my case but there are like video editors and audio editors and all that too,) you can send it to an editor and they'll help you get it ready for Whatever You Want To Use It For.

.....this got long lmao so i'm putting the rest under a cut ig

I'm very freelance (bc i'm disabled and don't have a degree 🥴) so i take whatever projects come my way, which atm means a lot of Masters and PhD level dissertations/theses, because my mom works for a university that has a lot of international and first-higher-education-degree students but DOESN'T HAVE A WRITING CENTER for some reason, so I'm usually like half editor half writing coach. Which is to say, an editor for a publishing house probably does much different work than I do and tbh I don't know Anything about what they do lol.

but how *my* job works is:

you send me a draft of your project.

I learn as much as i can about the end destination and audience of your project.

(this is a lot easier if you're writing, like, a Memoir or a Pamphlet For An Art Show, and a lot harder if I have to Read The Chicago Style Manual) (Chicago Style is probably fine but their style manual is fucking wack and i stand by that)

I read your project and i mark anything that is either a.) unclear or b.) Against The Rules Of Your Intended Destination

So like, if you're writing a masters thesis, I'm strict with grammar and with formatting. The style your institution is using probably has rules about whether you can use first person, and when you use italics, and whether your citations go in a bibliography or in footnotes or w/e.

If you're writing a Novel, I can be a lot looser with the rules and just look for: is this effective? what is this line Doing? is it doing it well? Does What It's Doing Actually Need To Be Done Right Now?

(editing fiction/creative nonfiction is WAY more fun but i don't get to do it very often. sigh)

I put my suggestions in the document you've sent me, with Track Changes on so you can see everything I've changed. I add comments to the doc wherever I think they're necessary/helpful.

I send the doc with my edits back to you

You (hopefully) read through and decide whether each edit makes sense to you. (this is the most important step, honestly)

If they make sense and you're happy with the resulting draft, my job is done and we shake hands and depart as friends.

If you have questions, or the edits require extensive rewrites, we ideally meet over zoom or w/e and I explain my suggestions to you, and we figure out how to Make The Words Do What You Want Them To Do. You send the doc to me again and I do as much of a second pass as you want/Will Pay Me For.

It's worth noting that there are different *levels* of editing, too. I've done jobs where I'm just checking grammar, or where I'm just checking formatting; I've also done jobs where I meet with the author and we basically write the piece together (which is really fun, actually, I like sitting down and asking, like, "okay, what are you trying to say," and figuring out how to help YOU figure out how YOU want to say it. it's like detective work :3 or therapy possibly). Those all take different levels of time and energy, so for student papers I end up with a lot of, like, "this could really use a thorough content edit/rewrite but it's Due In A Week so we're gonna make sure everything's spelled write and the footnotes are formatted correctly." (which i HATE doing btw, it's a perfectly reasonable thing to do but it Hurts My Brain bc it feels like I'm not Doing My Best which is Hell.)

anyway, the tl;dr is: editors take writing and suggest changes that will make it Perform Its Intended Function Better. the actual act of editing takes a lot of work, and often a degree of background research, too. tip your editors, is what i'm saying.

[bccky]

Love how you write! Can I ask what your typical writing process looks like? You inspired me to write some ideas of my own

That's really sweet of you you made my day 🥺💝 I can't believe that I inspired someone oh my gosh

Sorry for taking so long to answer 😅 I wanted to do this as properly as I could

Okay so writing process you ask?

an idea pops into my mind, I write it as descriptive as I can in a discord server of my own so that I don't forget it

it's probably days, weeks or months (no one can tell) later when another idea that supplements the story pops up. It might be during a shower, when I'm studying, folding laundry or anything really

I add that idea into the first one and the process repeats until I have a storyline in short

Now on to the Google Docs (which I use, many people use Microsoft Word, Scrivener or even the basic notes app that's available on almost any phone)

I write and expand the whole idea as much as I can in one sitting

But wait, that's never the end product for me

I rewrite it probably 3 times until I'm satisfied with what I got, moving paragraphs up and down to get a good flow

Next comes the grammar check which I absolutely hate, I usually rely on the Google Doc's spell check and Grammarly (the latter when I've written things while half asleep lol)

Then, depending on how confident I am about the story or when I want to post the fic, I usually get someone (mostly friends) to look over it in case there are errors I didn't notice

Then, I copy paste the fic into the tumblr app, format the fic, add title, info, footnotes and tags, etc

And post!

That's it ☺ I hope this helps 😅

If you want, you can send the fic or the link to me once you've posted it! I'd love to read it Xx

If you're a writer, how does your writing process look like?

[failureofmylife]

Back in

the olden days, when there was dial-up and uucp, a very wise man, even if some persons suspected him of being more equine yet still wise, made this World Heritage post. It is not mine. One of my friends, who has a better archive than I, dug it out for me the other day. It is written by Richard Lewis, who retains all rights, and just re-posted by me. I hope you are sitting comfortably.

Finnish as a world language? by Richard Lewis

(From: Sesquipedalian Vol III numbers 8-11)

Is it now the time for Finnish to take its place as the international language? It is obviously difficult to answer this question with certainty. At the moment there seem to be several factors which would hinder such a development. First of all, Finnish is currently spoken by a mere 0.05% of the world's population; secondly one cannot learn the language in ten easy lessons; thirdly, a large number of Finns still do not understand it.

Although the advancement of Finnish has been a bit slow, there are Finns who point out the following advantages Finnish would have as a world language:

1. It is an essentially logical language. The rules are absolute and reliable in all situations, except exceptions.

2. It is a good sounding language; in other words, it is pleasing to the ear. This has to do with its wealth of vowels, which rules out ugly consonant clusters. It was recently suggested that some vowels should be exported to Czechoslovakia, where shortage of vowels is imminent, and that some Czech consonants should be imported to Finland. However, negotiations collapsed at an early stage. The Finns would not deal with a language that calls ice-cream 'zrmzlina,' while the Czechs in turn distrusted a language that calls it 'jäätelöä.'

3. It is a concise language. One Finnish word can mean several different things in English. Why lose time and energy saying 'the committee that takes care of negotiations concerning the truce' when you can use a simple little word like 'aseleponeuvottelutoimikunta?'

4. Learning Finnish builds confidence. If you can learn Finnish, then you can learn anything.

5. Finnish has longer and better swear words than any other language.

In light of these facts we can see that the introduction of Finnish as a world language would be a blessing to all mankind. The problem we now face is how to convince the remaining 99.95% of the global population to learn Finnish. We hope the world can receive the benefit of our own experience with the language. After a few months of intensive (and sometimes downright desperate) research we have developed a method of fording this linguistic barrier which has so far proved to be one of the world's most formidable ones.

Nouns and Their Cases

Remember, self-confidence is the key to success. Never hesitate. When you are about to use a noun, always reflect according to the following pattern:

· Which is the corresponding noun in Finnish?

· Singular or plural?

· What case? Nominative, accusative, genitive, essive, partitive, translative, inessive, elative, illative, adessive, ablative, allative, abessive, comitative or instructive?

· Is it possible to avoid using the noun?

After you have contemplated this during the proverbial fraction of a second, take a deep breath and pronounce the first half of the noun in a huge, booming voice. Then gradually weaken the voice so that by the time you pronounce the case ending, it is only in a hoarse whisper. This method of demonstrating your mastery of case usage is completely safe since, although you cannot prove that you were right, nobody, Finn or otherwise, can ever prove that you were wrong. Above all, look confident.

Numerals

Superficially, there are few similarities between the Finnish and English systems. For example:

yksi one

kaksi two

kolme three

neljä four

viisi five

kuusi six

seitsemän seven

kahdeksan eight

yhdeksän nine

kymmenen ten

A closer inspection, however, reveals the following facts that are useful to the beginner:

(a) 'kolme' and 'three' each have five letters;

(b) 'viisi' and 'five' are both formed around the letters 'v' and 'i';

(c) 'seitsemän' and 'seven' seem to share a common root (apparently a word beginning with 's').

Other cues for the acquisition of numerals:

1. Forget the English numerals altogether. This done, you will have to learn the Finnish ones in order to tell the time. If you should run into problems when using English at a later stage you can consult a Finnish-English dictionary, or, when you need numerals up to twenty, make use of fingers and toes.

2. Do not waste time learning numerals higher than 20,000,000. It is unlikely that you will ever have that much money, even in Finnmarks.

Months and Days:

Say 'the first day,' 'the third day,' 'the second month,' 'the next-to-last month,' etc. This will save you the two years it takes to learn these names and shifts the burden of labour over to the person you are talking to.

The Direct Object

Most Finnish grammars are particularly easy to understand on this point.

The basic idea is: In Finnish the direct object (commonly called the accusative object) may occur in the nominative, the genitive, or the partitive case. In order to make things easier to understand, nominative and genitive are called accusative. There is also a real accusative which is not called anything at all.

Utmost care must be applied when interpreting the grammatical terminology. If you encounter the word 'accusative,' it can mean nominative or genitive, but never the real accusative. The term 'nominative' can mean accusative or, possibly, nominative. 'Genitive' can mean accusative or simply genitive, while partitive is always called partitive, although it may be accusative.

Verbs

The best piece of advice is do not use verbs at all. Sometimes you may find it a little difficult to pursue a meaningful conversation without one, but with diligent practice you will become adept at this. We reduced the number of conversational errors by 20% after discovering the method of omitting verbs. Another 15% can be eliminated by omitting all adjectives, adverbs and pronouns, although at this point conversation tends to sink to an extremely superficial level, unless you are very good with your hands.

Pronunciation

Some difficult sounds:

ää : like 'e' in 'expatiatory,' but longer and more intense. Mouth as open as possible, ears backward and plastered to head.

äy : half palatal, half alveolar, half dental. Look disgusted.

yö: be very, very careful with this one.

uu: as in Arabic.

r: a forceful trill. Loose dentures will be an advantage here.

Conclusion

We hope that this article will be of great help to all those who wrestle with the question of whether to study Finnish. For those already studying the language, this method can provide helpful and easy applications for using conversational Finnish. As to the question of the prospect of Finnish as a global language, I think I do not misspeak myself by saying that the work of this article should settle the matter clearly and finally. - - -

End of original text. Let me add a footnote: https://imgur.com/QFm6SCE

[etto-etto]

{The Challenge | Day 06}

Well, I finished this early today! Yay. I already feel so accomplished. Grammar points hidden under a read-more again, because it’s another long one.

1. Casual form continued, day 2: affirmative past tense!

As with any verb conjugation in Japanese, you’ll find that how you conjugate a verb depends on which category it falls into. There are different ways of referring to these types of verbs, but I have learned them as う, る, and irregular---so let’s first break down the conjugation pattern for the short form affirmative past:

Affirmative Past Tense

う-verbs: if the verb ends in a... 　　　　　-う, -つ, or -る, replace it with -った 　　　　　Example:  　　　　　　　　　買う ➜ 買った 　　　　　　　　　待つ ➜ 待った 　　　　　　　　　取る ➜ 取った 　　　　　-む, -ぬ, or -ぶ, replace it with -んだ 　　　　　Example: 　　　　　　　　　読む ➜ 読んだ 　　　　　　　　　死ぬ ➜ 死んだ 　　　　　　　　　呼ぶ ➜ 呼んだ 　　　　　-く, replace it with -いた 　　　　　Example: 　　　　　　　　　泣く ➜ 泣いた 　　　　　　　　　*There is one exception, and that’s: 　　　　　　　　　　行く ➜ 行った 　　　　　-ぐ, replace it with -いだ 　　　　　Example: 　　　　　　　　　泳ぐ ➜ 泳いだ 　　　　　-す, replace it with -した 　　　　　Example: 　　　　　　　　　話す ➜ 話した る-verbs: replace the -る with -た.  　　　　　Example: 　　　　　　　　　寝る ➜ 寝た 　　　　　　　　　食べる ➜ 食べた Irregular: 　　　　　する ➜ した 　　　　　来る ➜ 来た（きた）

Several different patterns, here, I know! I still do some double checking myself since I am almost always using polite speech and still not too familiar with casual, but I promise that it starts to sink in little by little the more you engage your brain with it.

昨日は海に行って魚と泳いだ。 (I went to the sea yesterday and swam with the fish.)

私は先週風邪をひいた。 ( う-verb: ひく ➜ 風邪をひく(to catch a cold)) (I caught a cold last week.)

トフさんがアンさんに岩を投げた。 (る-verb: 投げる) (Toph threw a boulder at Aang.)

5時間日本語を勉強した。 (I studied Japanese for 5 hours.)

土曜日にメアリーさんとテニスをした。 (I played tennis with Mary on Saturday.)

Initially I wanted to pair the negative with the affirmative past tense in one post, but I see now that it won’t just be a lengthy post, but potentially a lot to digest. For that reason I’ll cover the negative past tense tomorrow and move on to something simpler:

2. How to compare two or three or more items

Comparing Two Items:

I know there are at least a few different ways to compare things, but the general sentence structure I’ve learned, according to Genki, can look like

Aの方がBより(property)。 **OR** BよりAの方が(property)。 Meaning: A is more (property) than B.

Genki teaches the first way, but adds a footnote to mention that this grammatical structure is often said in reverse order (the second way). This completely threw me off, because why not make the more common way your main point? I recommend writing, speaking, and---if you can---listening to both sentence orders, but with an emphasis on ～より～の方が. Do what you gotta do to help cement it into your brain. I like to list it out like this:

Verb1 + より + Verb2 + 方が い-adj1 + より + い-adj2 + 方が な-adj1 + より + な-adj2 + な方が Noun1 + より + Noun2 + の方が

So let’s see this grammar in action:

火星より木星の方が大きいです。 木星の方が火星より大きいです。 (Jupiter is larger than Mars.)

日本語よりドイツ語の方が難しいと思います。 ドイツ語の方が日本語より難しいと思います。   (I think German is more difficult than Japanese.)

本を読むよりドラマを見る方が好きです。 ドラマを見る方が本を読むより好きです。  (I prefer watching dramas to reading books.) 

A key point is to remember that whichever item is paired with 方が is the bigger, prettier, more difficult, more preferred, easiest, etc., of the two.

Comparing 3+ Items:

[Items1]と[Item2]と[Item3]+ の中で + [A]が一番～ Noun + の中で + [A]が一番～ Meaning: A is the best among (class of items/noun)

ホウレンソウとニンジンとニンニクの中でどれがおいしいですか。 (Between spinach, carrots, and garlic, which is tastier?)

野菜の中で何が好きですか。 (What vegetables do you like best?)

Note for the above sentences: when posing a question, notice that the question word is positioned in the spot of “A.” Additionally, どれ is used when a list is mentioned (e.g., “spinach, carrots, and garlic”), but 何 is used when a group has been referred to collectively (e.g., “vegetables”). You could also potentially answer these questions like, “ニンニクが一番おいしいと思います” (”I think garlic tastes the best”) or “ロッコリーが一番好きです” (”I like broccoli the best”).

見たドラマの中でMisaengが一番好きだと思う。 (Out of the dramas I’ve watched, I think Misaeng is the best.)

家族の中で私が一番書くのが上手です。 In my family, I’m the best writer.

見た映画の中でArrivalが一番面白いです。 (Out of the movies I’ve seen, Arrival is the most interesting.)

I hope this helps some people out there as much as this has been helping me review some older grammar I haven’t touched on in a while. And as much as I have poured over this, errors are always a possibility---corrections and notes are welcomed.

[ffwriteradvisor]

How to communicate the spoken word in text (and why grammar isn’t all that involved)

Okay, I’ll admit - this (by which I mean grammar) isn’t something I did great at in school. I’m still not sure what a gerund is without a search engine’s help - and according to the search I just did, it’s what you get when you add -ing to a verb which you then use as a noun ex. “Do you mind my asking you?”

The whole thing is confusing.

But that’s not quite what I’m here to talk about today. Today, I’m focusing on the sentence structure of the spoken word and how the rules of grammar don’t always have to be involved.

Natural diction - or, to put it in regular people speak, how regular people speak - is something that doesn’t always play by the rules of good grammar. Quote-unquote ‘fake’ words like ‘ain’t’ are one of the better known ones, but any kind of unconventional speech pattern or accent can shake up the conventional ‘rules’ as understood by the majority.

How does this come across in text form?

Well, there are a lot of ways. The most common and easiest to execute - though not always well - is the phonetic accent; spelling out the words as the character says them instead of how they would be typed up usually. This isn’t necessarily a bad thing and can be quite entertaining under the right circumstances - such as having a character with an accent so thick that another character has to translate -

- but you also run the risk of making a character’s dialogue impenetrable and losing what they have to add to the story - along with trying your reader’s patience or making your work entirely inaccessible to them thanks to that. There’s also an uncomfortable history with this being used as a means of making characters and the groups they are part of - be they social or ethnic groups - look uneducated, unintelligent, and uncivilized.

The less common way is allowing the character to have stutters and false starts - the natural gaps in human dialogue that often get omitted unless they are there to specifically communicate a point about the character. Filler words like ‘uh’, ‘like’, and ‘y’know’ get regulated to certain character types - often those that are supposed to be lacking in some capacity; intelligence, confidence, honesty, or interest in what’s happening around them. Again, a touch of history with making certain characters and the groups they are associated with look bad, but the history is not nearly as extensive as that of the previous point.

Other ‘incorrect grammar’ things that happen in real dialogue are run-on sentences, cutting off at strange times, incorrect words being brought to mind, words not coming to mind at all - everyone’s familiar with that time where you know you know the word but you just can’t actually name it, slang terms and other unconventional word choices, mispronunciations, non-standard grammar like double negatives and unconventional contractions...

There’s a lot to work with there and, like the phonetic accent, can end up making a character’s dialogue harder to read than it necessarily has to be, especially if there isn’t a ‘correction’ available in text - either through the power of footnotes or simply involving a character who was an English teacher in a past life and now settles for correcting everyone on every miniscule slip.

*You mean ‘minuscule’.

Shush. Well, how do you get around this?

Again, translators in text. This can run from anywhere from another character being, ah- what’s the word I’m looking for?

*Helpful.

Ah, right.

- from another character being incredibly pedantic (which is to say, obsessed with correcting small mistakes in order to show off how smart/educated they are while in-truth showing off how picky they are about the given subject) to your own narrator making a note of that on the sidelines of the scene. Footnotes are a wonder, though not always used to the best effect. For an example of fine footnote-work, I would highly recommend picking up one of the late Terry Pratchett’s Discworld books, as he did an excellent job of making his a source of both information and humor that only  primarily served to add to the main text.

You can also give your audience an informed look at the situation via the narration. Say that a character had a drunken drawl, that it was hard for the lead to understand the slurring of the vowels and consonants coming out of their mouth. It gives you a picture of what it sounds like being there and what that specific character is like, but without the headache of parsing through ‘an’ didju knaw whut heh dihd ahfta tha?’ and everything that follows. It also removes an element of stereotype from the work - harder to portray a character as backwards through their diction if its written just as clearly as everyone else’s, even if the vocabulary may still vary.

You can also take advantage of that narrators privilege to skip over certain subjects that you don’t want to cover directly in the work.

A slur was spit -

- is a lot easier on my soul to type up than actually naming one directly. It also can leave a room for the imagination of the reader, especially as more information about the person being insulted comes forward. The characters in story might have heard it straight off, but the reader has to put the puzzle pieces together to figure out the form of it from the outline left over.

I think that just about covers that subject - if anyone wants me to add anything that I might have missed on this topic or even something you feel is closely related, just shoot me an ask or leave a reply on this post and I’ll make the addition.

[davidsphysicsblog]

Why does it seem that my cellphone is spying on me?

In his seminal book, “The Singularity is Near – When Humans Transcend Biology,” Ray Kurzweil laments the fate of Artificial Intelligence (AI): “An underlying problem with artificial intelligence that I have personally experienced in my forty years of in the area is that as soon as an AI technique works, it is no longer considered AI and is spun off in its own field …” Kurzweil then goes on to give the example of speech recognition – although if you both listen and watch the closed captions to the nightly news, you might wonder how intelligent this recognition is. Still that point has stuck with me since I first read The Singularity is Near, when it first came out in 2005.

Well, friends there is no longer any denying the existence of AI in our lives. We have moved beyond what has been referred to as the “Dark Age of AI.”We’ve got everything from intelligent toaster ovens to self-driving automobiles. Recently, I saw, with a shutter, a news clip about self-driving eighteen wheelers. Yikes, I thought. But then I considered how many people have been wiped out by drowsy truck drivers. Which is better, which is worse?

Now, I am a great proponent of futurism. More importantly, I recognize that there is no denying technology, any more than there is denying climate change. There are good reasons to fear it, especially if your job is in jeopardy. Ultimately all our jobs are in jeopardy. But there is no stopping it. Technology always outruns its own ethical basis.  It has no morality. It just is. And the Luddites, who in the early nineteenth century rose up and destroyed textile machinery because they feared it would take away their means of employment are now reduced merely to a fancy word and a footnote. As I type this AI programs “spellcheck” me and “autocorrect” my grammar. Both of those words exist in the language only because of the AI revolution.  So, they are taking over our language as well.

There is also the nostalgia factor. My IPad and my Kindle do not feel or smell like a book. I so love these tactile and olfactory experiences. But the fact is that my whole library, which is voluminous, could easily fit in digital form on my computer devices, and I read at least three times faster electronically than on paper. Although one might ask, what the rush is? Ultimately, where this nostalgia is concerned we become like Edward Arlington Robinson’s “Minever Cheevy.”

“Miniver Cheevy, child of scorn,

Grew lean while he assailed the seasons;

He wept that he was ever born,

And he had reasons.

 Miniver loved the days of old

When swords were bright and steeds were prancing;

The vision of a warrior bold

Would set him dancing.

 Miniver sighed for what was not,

And dreamed, and rested from his labors;

He dreamed of Thebes and Camelot,

And Priam’s neighbors.

 Miniver mourned the ripe renown

That made so many a name so fragrant;

He mourned Romance, now on the town,

And Art, a vagrant.

 Miniver loved the Medici,

Albeit he had never seen one;

He would have sinned incessantly

Could he have been one.

 Miniver cursed the commonplace

And eyed a khaki suit with loathing;

He missed the mediæval grace

Of iron clothing.

 Miniver scorned the gold he sought,

But sore annoyed was he without it;

Miniver thought, and thought, and thought,

And thought about it.

 Miniver Cheevy, born too late,

Scratched his head and kept on thinking;

Miniver coughed, and called it fate,

And kept on drinking.”

 Isn’t it wonderful how all I needed to do was to type “Minever Cheevy” into my search engine, a form of AI and the whole text, which I first read on paper in high school pops up? This is but the first stage in the development of Kurzweil’s bionic man-machine.

And as I was typing the last, my cellphone dinged with the message from Bloomberg News that:

“Medical apps have made it easier than ever for doctors to treat people without ever seeing them in person.”

Is this getting just a bit spooky?

Which brings me to what I really wanted to discuss. I recently read Michael Chertoff’s “Exploding Data: Reclaiming Our Cyber Security in the Digital Age.” This book describes the megadata on each of us, which seems merely a collection of useless facts. Where we were every minute of the day, what we bought, what we ate, what we spent, and on and on. It is not the individual facts that are significant, but the Gestalt, that ultimately presents the threat, not just to individual privacy an liberty, but to national and world security.

Allow me to quote the ninth amendment to the United States Constitution. Yes, Republican friends there is more than the second amendment, which protects the right of madmen to buy assault rifles. But the little ninth amendment says merely:

“The enumeration in the Constitution, of certain rights, shall not be construed to deny or disparage others retained by the people.”

This is your right to privacy, people! The government does not belong in your workplace, in your home, or in your bedroom, for instance. And when we allow ourselves to be monitored 24-7, we give up that right, in part or in total.

And on the security side. Connect your home to the internet with devices such as smart electric meters for instance, where “the bad guys” have implanted administrative codes in the chips they made for us and we bought because they are cheap, and they can shut down our power grids.

In 2004, yes fifteen years ago, the Israeli military assassinated Sheik Ahmed Yassin, the spiritual leader and founder of the militant Palestinian group Hamas, by landing a smart missile in the lap of the wheelchair-bound Sheik Yassin. I am not suggesting that you have anything to fear from the fact that your own iPhone is tracking your whereabouts in real-time.

What has freaked me out was an IM session that I was having with a friend on my IPhone to set up a time to meet for coffee. When we had settled as to time and place, I went to add it to my calendar, hit the add button, and there it was Name of Person, Name of place, and time all neatly pre-entered for me. Starting with OS 10.0, we are now up to OS 12.2, the operating system has AI algorithms that search your texts and emails in this way. For convenience, right? I’m sorry it seems not so much as helpful as creepy and an invasion of privacy.

I am reminded of a second poem. This by W. H. Auden and called “To the Unknown Citizen.” Perhaps we might modernize the title to “To the Unknown Citizen and his Megadata.”

(To JS/07 M 378 This Marble Monument Is Erected by the State)

He was found by the Bureau of Statistics to be

One against whom there was no official complaint,

And all the reports on his conduct agree

That, in the modern sense of an old-fashioned word, he was a

saint,

For in everything he did he served the Greater Community.

Except for the War till the day he retired

He worked in a factory and never got fired,

But satisfied his employers, Fudge Motors Inc.

Yet he wasn’t a scab or odd in his views,

For his Union reports that he paid his dues,

(Our report on his Union shows it was sound)

And our Social Psychology workers found

That he was popular with his mates and liked a drink.

The Press are convinced that he bought a paper every day

And that his reactions to advertisements were normal in every way.

Policies taken out in his name prove that he was fully insured,

And his Health-card shows he was A phonograph, a radio, a car and a frigidaire.

Our researchers into Public Opinion are content

That he held the proper opinions for the time of year;

When there was peace, he was for peace:  when there was war, he went.

He was married and once in hospital but left it cured.

Both Producers Research and High-Grade Living declare

He was fully sensible to the advantages of the Instalment Plan

And had everything necessary to the Modern Man,

added five children to the population,

Which our Eugenist says was the right number for a parent of his

generation.

And our teachers report that he never interfered with their

education.

Was he free? Was he happy? The question is absurd: e heard.

I feel a need to return photographically to a simpler time, to turn back the clock to the Willoughby of Twilight Zone fame, to a more mechanical time. The time of carburetors, now replaced by AI chips called injection systems.

(c) DE Wolf 2019.

[tally22366]

Why Tally Software is the Game-Changer Your Business Needs

Tally is a popular accounting software used by businesses worldwide. While it is a valuable tool for managing finances, it is essential to ensure that any content created using the software is free from plagiarism. Plagiarism is a serious offense that can result in legal consequences and damage your reputation. In this article, we will explore how to remove plagiarism from content created using Tally software.

Firstly, you must identify the sources of the copied content. This can be done by using plagiarism detection software such as Turnitin, Unicheck, or Grammarly. These tools compare your content to a database of previously published material and highlight any instances of similarity. If you find that your content has similarities with another source, you must identify the sections that need to be rephrased or rewritten.

The easiest way to remove plagiarism from your content is to rewrite it in your own words. This means taking the original text and rephrasing it using synonyms, different sentence structures, and your ideas. This approach not only eliminates plagiarism but also helps make your content unique and engaging. However, it is crucial to note that only changing a few words or rearranging sentences is not enough to remove plagiarism. Your content must be substantially different from the original source.

Another approach to remove plagiarism from your content is to cite the original source. This involves acknowledging the author and work from which you have taken the content. You can add in-text citations or footnotes to your content to avoid any accusations of plagiarism. In Tally software, you can add footnotes by using the 'Note' option.

Proofreading your content is also essential to ensure that it is free from errors and plagiarism. You can use grammar and spell check tools to identify any mistakes and inconsistencies in your content. Additionally, you can use plagiarism checkers to ensure that your content is unique and free from plagiarism. Proofreading your content helps remove plagiarism and improves the overall quality of your work.

In conclusion, removing plagiarism from content created using Tally software is essential for maintaining academic integrity and avoiding legal consequences. By using plagiarism detection software, rewriting content in your own words, citing original sources, and proofreading your work, you can ensure that your content is original and engaging. Remember that plagiarism is a serious offense and can have long-lasting consequences. Therefore, always make sure to give credit where it is due and use best practices to ensure that your work is original and unique.

In addition to the steps outlined above, there are a few other things that you can do to remove plagiarism from your content. These include:

Paraphrase the content: Paraphrasing involves expressing someone else's ideas or work in your own words. It is important to make sure that your paraphrased content is significantly different from the original source. This means that you should use your own words and sentence structures while retaining the meaning of the original text.

Use quotation marks: If you want to use a short phrase or sentence from another source, it is important to use quotation marks to indicate that the text is a direct quote. This helps to avoid any accusations of plagiarism.

Use different sources: Using multiple sources can help to ensure that your content is original and unique. When researching a topic, make sure to use a variety of sources and avoid relying too heavily on a single source.

Use a plagiarism checker: Plagiarism checkers can help to identify any instances of plagiarism in your content. There are a number of online tools available that can scan your content for plagiarism and highlight any areas that need to be rephrased or rewritten.

Get feedback from others: Sometimes, it can be challenging to identify plagiarism in your own work. It can be helpful to get feedback from others to identify any areas of concern. You can ask colleagues or friends to review your content and provide feedback on its originality and quality.

In summary, removing plagiarism from content created using Tally software requires a combination of techniques. By using plagiarism detection software, rewriting content in your own words, citing original sources, paraphrasing, using quotation marks, using different sources, using a plagiarism checker, and getting feedback from others, you can ensure that your content is original and free from plagiarism. Remember that plagiarism is a serious offense that can have long-lasting consequences, so always make sure to give credit where it is due and use best practices to ensure that your work is original and unique.

It is important to note that removing plagiarism from your content is not only important for ethical and legal reasons, but it also helps to improve the overall quality of your work. By ensuring that your content is original and unique, you can demonstrate your knowledge and expertise in a particular subject area. Additionally, original content is more likely to engage readers and contribute to the credibility of your brand.

Tally software is a valuable tool for managing finances and generating reports. However, it is important to ensure that any content created using the software is original and free from plagiarism. By following the steps outlined above, you can ensure that your content is unique and engaging, and contributes to the success of your business.

Furthermore, using Tally software can also help to streamline your financial management processes and improve your productivity. The software is designed to automate accounting tasks, generate financial statements and reports, and track inventory and payroll. This can help you to save time, reduce errors, and make informed financial decisions.

In conclusion, removing plagiarism from content created using Tally software is crucial for maintaining academic and professional integrity. By using a combination of techniques such as rewriting content, citing original sources, paraphrasing, using quotation marks, using different sources, using a plagiarism checker, and getting feedback from others, you can ensure that your content is original and engaging. Additionally, using Tally software can help you to streamline your financial management processes and improve your productivity. By leveraging the capabilities of Tally software and ensuring that your content is original, you can achieve success in your business and professional endeavors.

if you want know more https://gseven.in/

[lawblrworld]

How to write essays for law students

So if you go to law school, you know that essay writing (and reading) is a fact of life and is something that you’ll have to do until you graduate (and probably afterwards in some of other format). The thing is, legal writing is very very different from writing a normal English essay, and getting the format correct is so important, as you will definitely be marked down if you decide to deviate from requirements of legal writing. Here is my process I go through to draft and complete a legal essay:

Finding sources:

I read through the essay question and then try to identify the sources I want to use. First I find all of the relevant case law and legislation that I can use to argue my point and type them out. Then I do some internet research and see if I can find any reputable internet sources to back up my arguments. Try going for websites of other universities or legal institutions, including your government’s website. I also look for journal articles and loose leaf pdf publications online. Google Scholar will help you find these. JUST DON”T FOR THE LOVE OF GOD USE WIKIPEDIA (seriously, don’t) - you can always check out the sources listed at the bottom of the wikipedia article if you think the info on a wikipedia page may be helpful (and true...). 

Structuring my argument:

I don’t generally plan out my introduction or conclusion paragraphs, as these shouldn’t contain any new information or arguments, but I always plan out the body of my essay. I set out all of my statements under subheadings (each of which will form a new paragraph, and can continue for a few paragraphs). under the subheading I state in bullet points, all of the sources I will use to back my argument up, as well as the sub-arguments I can use to prove my point. This is so that I know exactly what my standpoint is and why and how I got to that argument.

Cover page:

this is so important as it looks a lot more professional than just having your name and student number placed at the top of the first page of where your actual writing starts. your cover page doesn’t have to be detailed, I add my name, student number, name of the assignment (e.g. “English semester essay”) and the date that the essay is due on the cover page. I make the font big and readable in Times New Roman font and the writing on the cover page is always centred.

Footnotes:

I always add my footnotes as I go along (yes you do need footnotes for legal writing, there’s no way around this). As soon as I refer to a source in any paragraph in my essay, whether it’s a book, internet source, case law, legislation, or even lecture slides presented in class, I will add the footnote referencing the source. This must be done in the correct format, and your faculty should have guidelines as to how they want you to reference these footnotes, which will differ for each kind of source. 

Bibliography:

I also do my bibliography as I go, as I find it much more efficient than having to go through all my sources at the end and then start a long process of referencing. Your college/ university will have a specific method of referencing they would want you to use (e.g. Harvard, Cambridge, Oxford, or even their own method) and you should find this somewhere on your online academic portal. I separate my references by type using subtitles (e.g. internet sources, books, case law, legislation) and then I order the references within each subtitle section by alphabetical order according to the author’s surname (often this is an actual requirement for referencing and you may lose marks if you don't do this). Your bibliography should always be on a separate page at the end of the document.

Plagiarism declaration:

Most universities will require the you print out and sign a plagiarism declaration, as plagiarising is a form of intellectual property theft, and if you commit this theft you could be expelled, and if the university accepts work that is plagiarised, they institution could be held liable and if the author you’ve plagiarised from finds out, they can institute a civil claim against the university for a lot of money. Most universities have a specific plagiarism declaration they want you to use, and if you don’t include this (signed, with the date and your name) in your work your lecturers will likely not even mark your assignment. Include the plagiarism declaration to avoid any unnecessary legal and disciplinary action.

Editing:

Because law relies purely on language, it is so important to hand in work with the highest standard of language, diction and grammar. First do the obvious: spell and grammar check. Your lecturers will be reading through hundreds of essays and have no time to try figure out what you are writing down if you misspell something and will probably mark you down. Also read through your essay to see if you have repeated any specific words too many times, and try find some synonyms to replace them with to avoid sounding like a truck record. If you repeat the same word all the time, it makes it seem like you have a limited vocabulary and are not cut out for legal writing. Lastly, justify your text, make sure it’s in a neat font (Arial or Times New Roman), in a reasonable font size (11 or 12) and make sure that your titles and subheadings stand out from the rest of your writing (by making them bold, underlined or bigger in font size)

I hope this helps all my future lawyers and paralegals out there xxx

[princessamericachavez]

How To (bullshit) A Badass Essay

Pick your topic: make sure it’s something you like or at least have an opinion about so that you can rant through your essay like it’s a tumblr fandom post. 

Pic your thesis: just put into one sentence the thing you are trying to show/explain/prove in your essay (think of the tl;dr post endings you see around here)

Research: now that you know what you’re talking about, go online and find good sources that talk about it. Wikipedia shouldn’t count but a good wiki article usually includes footnote references that link you to good websites you can quote, also Google books is great for finding like that one good quote and just pretending you read the whole book, I also pulled like 2 or 3 books from the library and skimmed them for like the specific topic/quote that would work for my essay and ignored the rest.

Quotes are great! Because they take up words/space of your essay and make it look like you did a lot of work. From your research select 1-2 sentences per source and write them down in a separate Word page. Don’t forget to make the necessary citations for each one of them to add in the end. This website is awesome at making citations for you.

Structure: now that you’ve got info and quotes, pick how you’re gonna divide the essay. Like, if you were having an argument and you’re so pissed off you’re like “okay first of all...” “and second of all...” “but also....” “and finally, you asshole,.....” so like, divide your stuff into 3 or 4 major groups and divide your quotes to fit each group. Try to put them in an order that makes somewhat sense, like telling a story. 

Writing:

Introduction: find a good first sentence hook and build to the last sentence of the paragraph being your thesis.

Arguments: one or two paragraphs per topic. Make sure the first paragraph sentence exposes the most important shit and then develop your point as you go. Add the quotes in and just bluff in between them, basically. Add “therefore” and “however” and “nevertheless” to link ideas.

Closing: the first sentence of your conclusion should basically be your thesis but worded differently. Then like list the arguments you made before hand, to remind everyone of what they just read. Close with one cool kick ass sentence.

Pick a cool name for it. 

Revising: 

Let the text sit for at least one or two hours and reread it to find stupid mistakes you didn’t notice when you were exhausted from writing it.

Print it. Check it on paper. You’ll notice more weird mistakes that your computer didn’t let you see for some reason. 

Give it to someone else and tell them to mark anything that doesn’t make sense so that you can make it as clear as possible. 

Try reading it out loud for any “weird sounding” sentences that work out written but probably could be better.

Word Grammar Check

Make sure the format is what the teacher asked because there’s nothing shittier than screwing up in something as simple as double spacing. 

Add your name to it. Please don’t hand it unnamed essays. holy shit. (this is the kinda stupid sleep deprived thing student brains do and it sucks)

Cry and reward yourself for a well done job. 

[also here’s my guide on How To Study hope it helps too]

[otomechuchu]

Translation - small rant

These past years I’ve seen a lot of people complain about translation in the otome games. Some of them are valid, while others aren’t. There are a lot of different things you need to consider when translating and I wish more people could understand this. And then there are those who keep saying they hope *insert title* will get a good translation. This is such a vague term, what exactly is a “good translation”? Natural grammar, syntax and no spelling errors only? Dialogue and text that flows naturally? Consistency? Something that is word for word from the original?

Translation is a lot more than just translating from one language to another. There will always be something lost in translation. Words and sentences with hidden meanings, cultural differences, and words that don’t exist in other languages. When it all comes down to it, making artistic/literal liberties will be necessary at some point.

I’ve seen so many people complain that *insert title* was much more “refined” etc. in the original, because the translated one had swearing. In most cases, the original had a different tone and used special types of words (or no honorifics), which is very offensive. And the easiest way to get this across, without sounding arrogant and mean, to someone not familiar with the different culture is to use swearing. Example: Aho in Japanese. In Kyoto and Osaka this means “idiot” (like “baka”). But in other parts of the country, like Tokyo, this is a lot more offensive, along the lines of “retard.” And vice versa, “baka” in Kyoto and Osaka is more offensive and along the lines of “retard.”

There are different approaches when it comes to translating. Sometimes you should translate as close to the original language (syntax and all), other times you should try to translate as close to the language you are translating to (if you are interested in the original syntax, go read it in the original language!) and sometimes you need to add things to make readers understand the cultural differences. If a character makes a lot of jokes, they probably won’t make sense for those outside that country, and having to explain said joke would make it lose its impact. It won’t be the same. So replacing them with similar types of jokes the readers of the language you’re translating to will be necessary.

In other words, translation is a lot of work. No method is the "correct" one, I know some who translates as close to the original syntax as possible while others think that there's no need to do so because the readers aren't interested in how the original syntax was. It's another language, so you should do it how the new language is to make it more natural. It also depends on what type of text it is, time period, etc. Not to mention cultural differences, the tone, and personality of characters! Some words also don't exist in other languages and others have a different meaning. Like "you have a nice green hat" in Chinese actually means "your wife is cheating on you", and it's a really, really offensive sentence. I spent so much time on re-doing parts of the translation for Lost in Secular Love and people are already complaining that there are "too many old words" in it. There isn't room for modern words when the setting is Feudal China. (though I could argue that it has a small mix of modern too, as it is an alternative universe.)

HOWEVER, there is ONE thing that should never ever be translated, no matter what: NAMES. Do not, for the love of all that is holy, translate names. I don’t care if it’s the name of a person, place or food. Just don’t. It’s a name. Make a footnote, write in parenthesis or explain in the text what it means if the name got some other meaning. Example: Guillaume (William in English).

And to end this rant on a more happy note, here are some “great” title translations:

GI Jane = Devil Female Soldier ( 魔鬼女大兵 )

Army of Darkness = Captain Supermarket ( キャプテン・スーパーマーケット )

Wild Things = Sex Crimes

Prête-Moi Ta Main = I Do / Rent A Wife (Give me your hand)

女人不坏 = All About Women (Women aren’t evil)

Some extra links:

Video interview of Emily Wilson

Interview of Emily Wilson, the first female to translate the Odyssey

[high-pot-in-noose]

Rant #Whatevs: The Superfluous Reassignment of Symbols & Punctuation

Can someone explain to me why exactly so many hobby-writers feel the need to add nonsense like ‘this font means this, and this squiggle means the character is thinking, and, oh, boy, this symbol means speaking in an angry tone of voice!’? This italic means thoughts, but when it’s in these brackets it means a flashback — WHY?! Why do readers have to learn some elaborate code just to read a likely mediocre piece of fiction?

‘This is thinking.’

“THIS IS DEMON-SPEAK.”

*^*This is flirting, teehee~*^*

#This is sarcasm. Ermagerd, very sarcastic. So impressive. Such wit. Wow.#

Again, why? What is the appeal of writing this way? Where did this concept even come from? I prithee, knave, wherefore? 

I don’t ever remember reading a professional piece of writing that included a rubric of how I’m supposed to decipher the words I’m reading. Tolkien never had forewords saying a double em-dash meant one of the Elves was cussing; Rowling never had a footnote saying that a question mark followed immediately by a period mean the speaker’s being deadpan. No one acknowledged as an accomplished writer does that kind of thing. Heck, no one acknowledged as even an acceptable writer does it!

How does it benefit the reading experience anyway? Like, if I’m trying to get through a chapter, and I’m more or less liking what I’m reading, I’m not going to want to scroll back up to the top of the page or down to the bottom just to figure out what in the world some out-of-place symbol is supposed to mean. And if I’m not too impressed with what’s in front of me but I don’t hate it enough to close the screen, forcing me to wrap my mind around a made-up rule for reading is not going to endear me further to the story in any way.

“But I want to make it clear what’s going on!” some might protest, likely the people who practice such questionable habits.

Well, if it isn’t obvious what’s going on in your story without all the extra decoration, you’re not good at writing to begin with, and the illogical crutch you’re using is making it worse. If you cannot make your story easy to understand using the methods used in standard writing, you’re doing yourself no favors by injecting re-appropriated punctuation and numerals and then requesting people to learn your own personal language.

This goes for randomly having such a thing in your writing without forewarning as well. I can’t tell you how many times I’ve been happily reading through a pretty good story and then suddenly I’m blindsided by a wild ‘*smirk*’ written in somewhere. I remember once when it was written in what was supposed to be a letter correspondence — it went something like, “Are you getting the hint yet? *smirk*” and I was like, “Whoa, what? Since when do people include role-play actions in a letter?”

What exactly is so hard about tagging dialogue with ‘he thought to himself’ for thinking or ‘she tittered coyly’ for flirting? Why can’t your character just talk in a way that implies the feeling or mood you want to achieve without having to shove in unsuitable supplemental script? Why can’t your characters literally just do the action you want them to do instead of you writing in an action cue? I can’t think of a single person who would rather read ‘“Thank you, sensei.” *bows*’ instead of something like ‘“Thank you, sensei,” he says, bowing low.’

Just the other day, I opened up a screen for what I thought would be a decent read. The summary was unimpressive, and the grammar in it didn’t inspire any confidence, but it already had 40k words written and the pairings sounded interesting, so I thought I’d give it a try. Lo and behold, right at the top there was: “hello” talking [damn] thinking or thought’s *taking on the phone or hidden meanings/word* and more along this vein for things like talking happily or maliciously, or someone being caught in a vision. Exactly in that formatting and punctuating as well.

Needless to say, I immediately closed the page, my face falling into my hands with a groan from so deep within the depths of my innards that it could have originated down in my toes.

I then reopened the page because I wanted to give the story a fair chance without my over-inflated pickiness getting the better of me.

And after reading the so-called ‘first sentence’ (It was a paragraph by itself), I then closed the page once more — following with exiting out of the site entirely — and walked away from my device entirely for a bit of soul-searching. Because it was actually even worse than what I feared; not only was it filled with ridiculous diacritical markings, it was no-punctuation-nor-capitalization-yay as well.

Alas, these habits of poor writing so often go hand-in-hand.

I will not be telling you the title of the story nor the name of the author, because I’m not out to humiliate or call out anyone, but I can honestly say that I’m almost ashamed to share hobbies and interests with such a writer. This is me being over-dramatic and self-important, I know, but that’s how I felt in that moment, and I’m not ashamed that I can be petty — that’s just who I am. And who I am wants to screech like a wounded pterodactyl every time I see a how-to-read guide in an author’s note even when I know already that a story is really good.

“But some of us are bad at writing and/or are disabled in some way!” someone I once complained about this to once argued.

My answer to that is that by making such excuses you are spitting on the efforts and successes of the writers out there who are also plagued by learning/writing disabilities — not to mention you’re being absurd. I follow a story by an openly dyslexic author, and she has never delivered anything but excellence, not once ever having to resort to ‘PS, triple asterisks mean this.’ And how would writing in such a way result from being handicapped anyway? If you were dyslexic or using English as a foreign language, it would be more difficult to use those silly additions!

Please, do yourself and your readers the favor and avoid doing such a thing — not unless you know what you’re doing and use it in moderation. There’s no better way to lose credibility that to do this, not even writing in Word Walls™ nor just going full no-punctuation-yay. I don’t say this because it’s an annoying thing in and of itself — even though it certainly can be — but it’s a tool that’s often employed by writers who don’t know what they’re doing, so it can be taken as a sign that your writing will be sub-par as well.

Even if your writing is actually commendable, doing so — putting in a decoding rubric at the top or bottom of your chapters — just announces that you couldn’t make standard writing work for you and that you need a crutch to make yourself understood, or that you think your writing isn’t understandable enough to be read on its own. If your story isn’t written well enough to be, like, shared face-to-face, it’s only going to bring down people’s impression of your story.

Don’t get me wrong — for all my complaining here, I’ve read plenty of wonderful stories that use unusual symbols as a part of their punctuation and formatting, and I too have used the occasional glyph in my writing. I’m not against an extra something-something like using a unique symbol instead of quotation marks to frame a non-human language — but if I can’t figure out what it’s supposed to mean without being explicitly told, you’re not doing it right.

If I can’t figure out what it’s supposed to mean without being explicitly told, you’re not doing it right. If I can’t figure out what it’s supposed to mean without being explicitly told, you’re not doing it right. If I can’t figure out what it’s supposed to mean WITHOUT being explicitly told, you’re not doing it right.

Something like ‘“[Shadow Clone Technique]!”’ (which is something I see in Naruto fanworks sometimes) is alright enough in my books since it’s self-explanatory that it’s supposed to be a translation of the proper name or an invocation of the ninja-magic or whatever. Same for using ‘§’ or ‘ß’ or whatever other symbols that implies hissing when you’re writing a Harry Potter character speaking Parseltongue. Heck, I’m even alright with that silly tilde — that ‘~’ thing — that people like to use to imply a sing-songy tone of voice. As long as a reader can easily figure out for themselves what the additions mean, it’s fine.

Let me say it one more time just to make sure I’m being perfectly understandable: Additional punctuation is fine as long as the readers can figure out by themselves what they mean without an explicit guide. But if you’re going to write like a feline recently marinated in catnip that’s two-stepping on a keyboard, just stop before you even get started.