#Interdisciplinary Engineering Journal

[fdrpjournals]

We publish original and high-quality research papers. IJIRE has many benefits all geared toward strengthening research skills and advancing academic careers. Journal publications are a vital part of academic career advancement. All the published papers are submitted to the major indexing services for indexing.

UGC-CARE (India) recommends publishing papers in either peer reviewed journals (refereed journals), or in the journals approved by UGC-CARE, or journals indexed in Scopus or Web of Science. IJIRE is a peer reviewed journal (refereed journals) and therefore fitting within UGC's recommendations.

[academicfever]

This is a good starting point but its not exhaustive by any means...

#Research 101: Part 1

##    How to find a good research topic?

It’s best to familiarize yourself with a discipline or topic as broadly as possible by looking beyond academia

Tips:

Be enthusiastic, but not unrealistic. For example, you might be tempted to throw yourself into finding out to what extent an entire economy has become circular, but it may already be challenging and tricky enough to find out which building materials are being recycled in the construction sector, and in what ways.

Be open-minded but beware of cul-de-sacs. You should always find out first whether enough is known about a topic already, or you might find yourself wasting a lot of time on it.

Be creative but stay close to the assignment. This starts with the topic itself; if one learning objective of the assignment is to carry out a survey, it isn’t helpful to choose a topic for which you need to find respondents on the other side of the world. One place where you can look for inspiration is current events. 

Although professors and lecturers tend to be extremely busy, they are often enthusiastic about motivated and smart students who are interested in their research field. You do need to approach them with focused questions, though, and not just general talk such as: ‘Do you know of a good topic for me?’ In many cases, a good starting point is the scholar themselves. Do a search on them in a search engine, take a look at their university web page, read recent publications,

In most university towns, you’ll come across organizations that hold regular lectures, debates, and thematic evenings, often in partnership with or organized by university lecturers and professors. If you’re interested in transdisciplinary research where academic knowledge and practical knowledge come together, this is certainly a useful place to start your search.

If you want to do interdisciplinary research, it is essential to understand and work with concepts and theories from different research fields, so that you are able to draw links between them (see Menken and Keestra (2016) on why theory is important for this). With an eye to your ‘interdisciplinary’ academic training, it is therefore a good idea to start your first steps in research with concepts and theories.

##How to do Lit Review:

Although texts in different academic disciplines can differ significantly in terms of structure, form, and length, almost all academic articles (research articles and literature reports) share a number of characteristics:

They are published in scholarly journals with expert editorial boards

These journals are peer-reviewed

These articles are written by authors who have no direct commercial or political interest in the topic on which they are writing

There are also non-academic research reports such as UN reports, data from statistics institutes, and government reports. Although these are not, strictly speaking, peer-reviewed, the reliability of these sources means that their contents can be assumed to be valid

You can usually include grey literature in your research bibliography, but if you’re not sure, you can ask your lecturer or supervisor whether the source you’ve found meets the requirements.

Google and Wikipedia are unreliable: the former due to its commercial interests, the latter because anyone, in principle, can adjust the information and few checks are made on the content.

disciplinary and interdisciplinary search machines with extensive search functions for specialized databases, such as the Web of Science, Pubmed, Science Direct, and Scopus

Search methods All of these search engines allow you to search for scholarly sources in different ways. You can search by topic, author, year of publication, and journal name. Some tips for searching for literature: 1. Use a combination of search terms that accurately describes your topic. 2. You should use mainly English search terms, given that English is the main language of communication in academia. 3. Try multiple search terms to unearth the sources you need. a. Ensure that you know a number of synonyms for your main topic b. Use the search engine’s thesaurus function (if available) to map out related concepts.

During your search, it is advisable to keep track of the keywords and search combinations you use. This will allow you to check for blind spots in your search strategy, and you can get feedback on improving the search combinations. Some search engines automatically keep a record of this.

Exploratory reading How do you make a selection from the enormous number of articles that are often available on a topic? Keep the following four questions in mind, and use them to guide your literature review: ■■ What is already known about my topic and in which discipline is the topic discussed? ■■ Which theories and concepts are used and discussed within the scope of my topic, and how are they defined? ■■ How is my topic researched and what different research methods are there? ■■ Which questions remain unanswered and what has yet to be researched?

$$ Speed reading:

Run through the titles, abstracts, and keywords of the articles at the top of your list and work out which ideas (concepts) keep coming back.

Next, use the abstract to figure out what these concepts mean, and also try to see whether they are connected and whether this differs for each study.

If you are unable to work out what the concepts mean, based on the context, don’t hesitate to use dictionaries or search engines.

Make a list of the concepts that occur most frequently in these texts and try to draw links between them.

A good way to do this is to use a concept map, which sets out the links between the concepts in a visual way.

All being well, by now you will have found a list of articles and used them to identify several concepts and theories. From these, try to select the theories and concepts that you want to explore further. Selecting at this stage will help you to frame and focus your research. The next step is to discover to what extent these articles deal with these concepts and theories in similar or different ways, and how combining these concepts and theories leads to different outcomes. In order to do this, you will need to read more thoroughly and make a detailed record of what you’ve learned.

next: part 2

part 3

part 4

last part

[materialsscienceandengineering]

A dental floss that can measure stress

Chronic stress can lead to increased blood pressure and cardiovascular disease, decreased immune function, depression, and anxiety. Unfortunately, the tools we use to monitor stress are often imprecise or expensive, relying on self-reporting questionnaires and psychiatric evaluations. Now a Tufts interdisciplinary engineer and his team have devised a simple device using specially designed floss that can easily and accurately measure cortisol, a stress hormone, in real time. The work is published in the journal ACS Applied Materials and Interfaces. "It started in a collaboration with several departments across Tufts, examining how stress and other cognitive states affect problem solving and learning," said Sameer Sonkusale, professor of electrical and computer engineering.

Read more.

[mindblowingscience]

The University of Liverpool is part of a new study that reveals for the first time how particular scents can influence our perception of color. In a paper, titled "Odors modulate color appearance," published in the journal Frontiers in Psychology, an interdisciplinary research team of University of Liverpool psychologists and engineers undertook an experiment to determine if smell does indeed influence how we perceive color. The experiment involved 24 participants aged 20 to 57 sitting in front of a screen in an isolation room with blacked out windows, and no unwanted sensory stimuli or odors. Then an ultrasonic diffuser released one of six scents—caramel, cherry, coffee, lemon, and peppermint, plus odorless water as a control—into the room. The scents were chosen as they induced the most robust odor-color associations in the team's prior work. The participants were then asked to modify a square filled with a grayish color on a screen using two adjustable sliders—one yellow to blue and another one red to green—until they reached a color they judged as being devoid of any hue, that is, a perfect neutral gray color. The results revealed that participants chose a more red-brown color gray when they smelt coffee, while opting for a yellow-brown version of the gray when the odor of caramel was pumped into the room.

Continue Reading.

[spacetimewithstuartgary]

Ultra-small spectrometer yields the power of a 1,000 times bigger device

Spectrometers are technology for reading light that date back to the era of famed 17th-century physicist Isaac Newton. They work by breaking down light waves into their different colors — or spectra — to provide information about the makeup of the objects being measured. 

UC Santa Cruz researchers are designing new ways to make spectrometers that are ultra-small but still very powerful, to be used for anything from detecting disease to observing stars in distant galaxies. Their inexpensive production cost makes them more accessible and customizable for specific applications. 

The team of researchers, led by an interdisciplinary collaboration between UC Santa Cruz Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering Holger Schmidt and Professor of Astronomy and Astrophysics Kevin Bundy, published the details of their device in a paper in APL Photonics, a premier journal in the field. 

The researchers demonstrate a novel, extremely high-performance spectrometer that can measure light with a 0.05 nanometers wavelength resolution. That’s about 1.6 million times smaller than the width of a human hair, and the same resolution that can be achieved on a device 1,000 times bigger.

“That's essentially as good as a big, standard, expensive spectrometer,” said Schmidt, the senior author on the paper and a long-time expert in developing chips for light detection. “That’s really pretty impressive and very competitive.”

Miniature devices

Miniaturizing spectrometers is an active area of research, as spectrometers are used in many fields but can be as big as a three-story building and extremely expensive. However, miniaturized spectrometers often do not perform as well as bigger instruments, or they are very difficult and expensive to manufacture because they require extremely precise nanofabrication. 

UC Santa Cruz researchers have created a device that is able to achieve high performance without such costly manufacturing. Their device is a miniature, high-powered waveguide which is mounted on a chip and used to guide light into a specific pattern, depending on its color. 

Information from the chip is fed into a machine learning algorithm that reads the patterns created by different wavelengths of light in order to reconstruct the image with extremely high accuracy and precision — an approach is called “reconstructive” spectrometry.

This technique produces accurate results because the machine learning algorithms don’t require highly precise input to be able to distinguish the light patterns, and can constantly improve upon their own performance and optimize themselves to the hardware. 

Because of this, the researchers can make the chips with relatively easy and inexpensive fabrication techniques, in a process that takes hours rather than weeks. The lightweight, compact chips for this project were designed at UCSC, and fabricated and optimized at Brigham Young University in partnership with Schmidt’s longtime collaborator Professor Aaron Hawkins and his undergraduate students. 

“Compared to more sophisticated chip design, this only requires one photolithography mask which makes the fabrication much easier and much faster,” Hawkins said. “Someone with some basic capabilities could reproduce this and create a similar device tuned to their own needs.”

Reading the stars

The researchers envision that this technology can be used for a wide range of applications, though their preliminary focus is to create powerful instruments for astronomy research. Because their devices are relatively inexpensive, astronomers could specialize them to their specific research interests, which is practically impossible on much larger instruments that cost millions of dollars. 

The research team is working to make the chips functional on the UC-operated Lick Observatory telescope, first to take in light from a star and later to study other astrological events. With such high accuracy on these devices, astronomers could start to understand phenomena such as the makeup of atmospheres on exoplanets, or probing the nature of dark matter in faint dwarf galaxies. The comparatively low cost of these devices would make it easier for scientists to optimize them for their specific research interests, something nearly impossible on traditional devices. 

Leveraging long standing expertise at UC Santa Cruz in adaptive optics systems for astronomy, the researchers are collaborating to figure out how to best capture the faint glimmers of light from distant stars and galaxies and feed it through into the miniaturized spectrometer.

“In astronomy, when you try to put something on a telescope and get light through it, you always discover new challenges — it’s much harder than just doing it in the lab. The beauty of this collaboration is that we actually have a telescope, and we can try deploying these devices on the telescope with a good adaptive optics system,” Bundy said.

Uses for health and beyond

Beyond astronomy, the research team shows in this paper that the tool is capable of fluorescence detection, which is a noninvasive imaging technique used for many medical applications, such as cancer screening and infectious disease detection. 

In the future, they plan to develop the technology for Raman scattering analysis. This is a technique that uses light scattering for the detection of any unique molecule, often used as a specialized test to look for a specific chemical substance, such as the presence of drugs in the human body or toxic pollutants in the environment. Because the system is so straightforward and does not require the use of heavy instrumentation or fluidics like other techniques, it would be convenient and robust for use in the field. 

The researchers also demonstrate that the compact waveguides can be placed alongside each other to enhance the performance of the system, as each chip can measure a different spectra and provide more information about whatever light it is observing. In the paper the researchers demonstrate the power of four waveguides working together, but Schmidt envisions that hundreds of chips could be used at once. 

This is the first device shown to be able to use multiple chips at once in this way. The researchers will continue to work to improve the sensitivity of the device to get even higher spectral resolution.

IMAGE: This simulation shows a top-down view of how different light patterns in red and green are generated when fed with input from a waveguide on the left. Credit Md Nafiz Amin

[mariacallous]

Many times a year, as if on a hidden schedule, some tech person, often venture-capital-adjacent, types out a thought on social media like “The only thing liberal arts majors are good for is scrubbing floors while I punch them” and hits Send. Then the poetry people respond—often a little late, in need of haircuts—with earnest arguments about the value of art.

I am an English major to death. (You know us not by what we’ve read but by what we are ashamed not to have read.) But I learned years ago that there’s no benefit in joining this debate. It never resolves. The scientist-novelist C. P. Snow went after the subject in 1959 in a lecture called “The Two Cultures,” in which he criticized British society for favoring Shakespeare over Newton. Snow gets cited a lot. I have always found him unreadable, which, yes, embarrasses me but also makes me wonder whether perhaps the humanities had a point.

By the time I went to college, in the mixtape days, the Two Cultures debate had migrated to corkboards. In the liberal arts building, people tacked up pro-humanities essays they had snipped out of magazines. A hot Saturday night for me was to go and read them. Other people were trying drugs. I found the essays perplexing. I got the gist, but why would one need to defend something as urgent and essential as the humanities? Then again, across the street in the engineering building, I remember seeing bathroom graffiti that read “The value of a liberal arts degree,” with an arrow pointing to the toilet paper. I was in the engineering building because they had Silicon Graphics workstations.

Wandering between these worlds, I began to realize I was that most horrifying of things: interdisciplinary. At a time when computers were still sequestered in labs, the idea that an English major should learn to code was seen as wasteful, bordering on abusive—like teaching a monkey to smoke. How could one construct programs when one was supposed to be deconstructing texts? Yet my heart told me: All disciplines are one! We should all be in the same giant building. Advisers counseled me to keep this exceptionally quiet. Choose a major, they said. Minor in something odd if you must. But why were we even here, then? Weren’t we all—ceramic engineers and women’s studies alike—rowing together into the noosphere? No, I was told. We are not. Go to your work-study job calling alumni for donations.

So I got my degree, and off I went to live an interdisciplinary life at the intersection of liberal arts and technology, and I’m still at it, just as the people trashing the humanities are at it too. But I have come to understand my advisers. They were right to warn me off.

Because humans are primates and disciplines are our territories. A programmer sneers at the white space in Python, a sociologist rolls their eyes at a geographer, a physicist stares at the ceiling while an undergraduate, high off internet forums, explains that Buddhism anticipated quantum theory. They, we, are patrolling the borders, deciding what belongs inside, what does not. And this same battle of the disciplines, everlasting, ongoing, eternal, and exhausting, defines the internet. Is blogging journalism? Is fan fiction “real” writing? Can video games be art? (The answer is always: Of course, but not always. No one cares for that answer.)

When stuff gets out of hand, we don’t open disciplinary borders. We craft new disciplines: digital humanities, human geography, and yes, computer science (note that “science” glued to the end, to differentiate it from mere “engineering”). In time, these great new territories get their own boundaries, their own defenders. The interdisciplinarian is essentially an exile. Someone who respects no borders enjoys no citizenship.

You could argue that for all the talk of the university as an “intellectual commons,” it is actually an institution intended to preserve a kind of permanent détente between the disciplines—a place where you can bring French literature professors together with metallurgists and bind them with salaries so that they might not kill each other. The quad as intellectual DMZ. But those bonds are breaking down. Universities are casting disciplines to the wind. Whole departments are shuttering. The snazzy natatorium stays open, French literature goes away. And then the VC types get on Twitter, or X, or whatever, to tell us that poetry is useless. The losses are real.

And so what, really? Well, what I mourn is not a particular program at a college I never visited but the sense of institutions being in balance. I’ve spent most of my life wanting desperately for institutions to be disrupted, and now I find myself entering the second half of my existence (if I’m lucky) absolutely craving that stability. The delicate détente is vanishing, that sense of having options. A shorter course catalog is an absolute sign of a society in decline.

But also, we’re cutting off the very future that the tech industry promises us is coming. If the current narrative holds—if AI is victorious—well, liberal arts types will be ascendant. Because rather than having to learn abstruse, ancient systems of rules and syntaxes (mathematical notation, C++, Perl) in order to think higher thoughts, we will be engaged with our infinitely patient AI tutors/servants like Greek princelings, prompting them to write code for us, make spreadsheets for us, perform first-order analysis of rigid structures for us, craft Horn clauses for us.

I see what you nerds have done with AI image-creation software so far. Look at Midjourney’s “Best of” page. If you don’t know a lot about art but you know what you like, and what you like is large-breasted elf maidens, you are entering the best possible future. You might think, Hey, that’s what the market demands. But humans get bored with everything. We’re just about done with Ant-Man movies.

The winners will be the ones who can get the computer to move things along the most quickly, generate the new fashions and fads, turn that into money, and go to the next thing. If the computers are capable of understanding us, and will do our bidding, and enable us to be more creative, then the people in our fields—yes, maybe even the poets—will have an edge. Don’t blame us. You made the bots.

Perhaps this is why they lash out, so strangely—a fear of the grip slipping, the sense that all the abstruse and arcane knowledge gathered about large language models, neural nets, blockchains, and markets might be erased. Will be erased. At least art goes for the long game, you know? Poems are many things, and often lousy, but they are not meant to be disposable, nor do they require a particular operating system to work.

All you have to do is look at a tree—any tree will do—to see how badly our disciplines serve us. Evolutionary theory, botany, geography, physics, hydrology, countless poems, paintings, essays, and stories—all trying to make sense of the tree. We need them all, the whole fragile, interdependent ecosystem. No one has got it right yet.

[rheeyunie]

Why We Choosed Academic Track HUMSS Strand in SHS?

The Humanities and Social Sciences (HUMSS) strand is a fascinating and rewarding choice for high school students. While it may not be as commonly chosen as other strands like STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics), HUMSS offers a unique set of advantages that can greatly benefit students in our academic and personal development.

One of the reason why we choose HUMSS strand because its focus on critical thinking and analytical skills. Students in HUMSS engage in rigorous coursework that challenge us to analyze complex issues, assess different perspectives, and form evidence-based arguments. This emphasis on critical thinking not only sharpens our intellectual abilities but also equips us with skills that are highly valued in various professions. Whether pursuing a career in law, journalism,teacher,police, social sciences, or humanities, HUMSS graduates are well-prepared to think critically and make informed decisions.

Furthermore, the HUMSS strand offers a diverse range of subjects that broaden students' horizons and encourage cultural understanding. Courses like History, Sociology, and Philosophy delve into the complexities of the human experience across different time periods and societies. This exposure to different cultures, beliefs, and historical events cultivates empathy, open-mindedness, and a more nuanced perspective of the world. In an increasingly globalized society, these qualities are crucial for fostering a sense of social responsibility, promoting inclusion, and working collaboratively in diverse environments.

Another reason why we prefer the HUMSS strand is the opportunity for creativity and self-expression. Subjects like Literature, Arts, and Music provide a platform for us to explore our artistic talents, express their emotions, and enhance our communication skills. Through writing, performing, or visual arts, we are able to develop our own unique voice, fostering creativity, imagination, and the ability to effectively convey ideas. These skills are not only valuable in artistic pursuits but also in fields such as marketing, advertising, and communication where the ability to engage and connect with audiences is essential.

Moreover, we decidedto choose HUMSS strand because it offers a strong foundation for further academic pursuits and specialization. The comprehensive curriculum provides students with a wide range of subjects that can serve as a solid base for various university courses. Whether students choose to pursue a degree in psychology, literature, political science, or anthropology, the interdisciplinary nature of the HUMSS strand equips them with a well-rounded understanding of different fields and a strong analytical skill set.

In conclusion, choosing the HUMSS strand offer us numerous advantages to high school students. From cultivating critical thinking and broadening cultural understanding to fostering creativity and providing a strong academic foundation, the HUMSS strand equips students with valuable skills and knowledge that can be applied in various careers and fields of study. HUMSS strand is a bridge to our successful career that we dream of. While it may not be the most traditional or popular choice, those who opt for the HUMSS strand embark on a journey of intellectual growth, self-expression, and a deeper understanding of the world around us.

Members:

Rhea Mae Falsario, Giorgina Sarandona, Arriane Shane Lara, Vince Willance Inocencio and Erron Francisco

[covenawhite66]

Cell engineering is currently based on two key approaches: genetically remodeling existing cells to give them new functions (more flexible but also able to reproduce) and building synthetic cells from scratch (which can't replicate but have limited biological functions).

These cyborg cells are the result of a new, third strategy. The researchers took bacterial cells as their foundation and added elements from an artificial polymer.

The cells being non-replication is important. For artificial cells to be useful, they need to be carefully controlled

Living cells possess the unique advantage of being highly adaptable and versatile. To date, living cells have been successfully repurposed for a wide variety of applications, including living therapeutics,bioremediation, and drug and gene delivery.

We envisioned the creation of a bio-micromachine chassis with similar capabilities as natural bacterial cells, but with enhanced characteristics provided by their modification with a synthetic material

[srmuniversitysonepat]

Exploring the Top-Ranked Programs at SRM University, Sonepat: The Top Private University in Haryana

SRM University, Sonepat, stands proudly as a beacon of excellence in higher education in the heart of Haryana. As a top private university in Haryana, SRM University Sonepat has garnered a reputation for excellence, offering a diverse range of programs designed to equip students with the skills and knowledge needed to excel in today's competitive world. In this article, we will delve into some of the top-ranked programs offered by SRM University, Sonepat, which highlight the institution's commitment to academic quality and innovation.

Engineering Excellence:

SRM University, Sonepat, is popularly known for its wide range of engineering programs that have consistently earned recognition for its quality. The university offers undergraduate and postgraduate degrees in various engineering disciplines, including Computer Science, Electronics & Communication, Mechanical Engineering, and Civil Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, the university provides students with a strong foundation in theoretical knowledge and practical skills. The state-of-the-art laboratories and industry collaborations ensure that students receive hands-on experience and exposure to cutting-edge technologies.

Management for Tomorrow's Leaders:

The School of Management at SRM University, Sonepat, offers an array of management programs that are designed to nurture future business leaders. With a focus on contemporary business practices, these programs cover areas such as Marketing, Finance, Human Resource Management, and Entrepreneurship. The faculty members, many of whom are industry veterans, provide valuable insights and mentorship, preparing students to tackle real-world challenges.

Innovation in Computer Science:

The field of Computer Science is evolving rapidly, and SRM University, Sonepat, has kept pace with the industry's demands. Their computer science programs are renowned for their relevance and innovation. With cutting-edge courses in Artificial Intelligence, Data Science, and Cybersecurity, students are equipped with the skills needed to thrive in the tech-driven world.

Biotechnology:

The Biotechnology Department at SRM University Delhi-NCR, Sonepat, was founded in 2018 and offers a Postgraduate M.Sc. program. Their mission is to provide students with strong technical skills and real-world understanding. They have well-equipped labs and experienced faculty members who teach both fundamentals and advanced concepts. In addition to traditional classroom teaching, students gain practical experience through lab work and develop critical thinking skills. They also offer project training in top organizations like DRDO and CSIR, organize workshops, invite experts for talks, and encourage students to participate in national and international events.

Humanities and Social Sciences:

The Humanities and Social Sciences Department at SRM University, Delhi-NCR includes four departments: English, Economics, Political Science, and Psychology. Thier vision is to nurture a love for knowledge and an understanding of the world through interdisciplinary learning. They aim to create a welcoming and inclusive academic environment for high-quality education.

Whether the students are studying at the undergraduate or postgraduate level, are prepared for various professional careers, including education, research, business, law, government, publishing, journalism, advertising, corporate sector, NGOs, and higher education.

Conclusion:

SRM University, Sonepat, firmly establishes itself as a top private university in Haryana through its commitment to academic excellence and innovation. The institution's diverse range of programs ensures that students have a wide array of options to choose from, depending on their interests and career aspirations. With a faculty that is dedicated to nurturing talent and state-of-the-art facilities that support learning, SRM University, Sonepat, continues to be a preferred destination for students seeking quality education in Haryana.

[diksha-sharma]

Placement vs Passion: Should Career Prospects Dictate Your Course Choice?

Choosing the right course after high school or graduation is one of the most important decisions in a student's life. It's a choice that often shapes your professional journey, financial stability, and personal fulfillment. But at this critical juncture, students and parents alike often grapple with a pressing question: Should you choose a course that guarantees better job placements—or follow your passion, even if the career path is uncertain?

This debate—Placement vs Passion—has only grown louder in today’s competitive and uncertain job market. Let’s break down both sides of the argument and explore how to make the right decision for your future.

What Do We Mean by ‘Placement’ and ‘Passion’?

Placement-focused choice refers to selecting a course based on job prospects, market demand, and average salary packages. For example, opting for Computer Science, Data Science, or Business Analytics because they have strong placement records.

Passion-driven choice means choosing a course based on your genuine interest and personal motivation—be it Literature, Fine Arts, Philosophy, or Environmental Studies—regardless of its perceived job security or market value.

The Case for Prioritizing Placement

Pros:

Job Security: Courses with high placement rates often lead directly to well-paying jobs after graduation.

Financial Stability: This is especially important for students from middle or lower-income families who need to support themselves or repay education loans.

Skill Relevance: Placement-oriented fields tend to be aligned with current industry needs (e.g., coding, AI, finance), which can help you stay employable.

Growth Opportunities: Entering a booming industry can offer rapid career advancement and international prospects.

Cons:

Lack of Interest: If you're not genuinely interested in the subject, you may struggle to stay motivated or perform well.

Burnout Risk: Many people in high-paying but passionless jobs experience early burnout or dissatisfaction.

Limited Creativity: Some fields may not allow room for creativity or personal expression, which can lead to long-term frustration.

The Case for Following Your Passion

Pros:

Long-Term Fulfillment: Working in a field you love often leads to a deeper sense of purpose and satisfaction.

Intrinsic Motivation: Passion helps you stay driven, resilient, and committed—even in the face of challenges.

Unique Success Stories: Many successful individuals—writers, entrepreneurs, artists—built careers by following their interests rather than trends.

Opportunity to Innovate: Passion-driven individuals often find unique ways to create value, even in less conventional fields.

Cons:

Uncertain Income: Some passion-based careers take years to become financially stable.

Lack of Structured Job Paths: Unlike engineering or management, fields like music or philosophy often lack clear career roadmaps.

Pressure from Society or Family: Pursuing a less traditional path may lead to criticism or lack of support initially.

What’s the Right Approach?

Find the Middle Ground

You don’t always have to choose one extreme. A balanced approach is often the most practical and fulfilling:

Align Your Passion With Marketable Skills: For example, if you love storytelling, consider marketing, journalism, or content strategy.

Look for Interdisciplinary Courses: Many universities offer hybrid programs (e.g., Liberal Arts with Data Science, Business + Design) that combine passion and prospects.

Be Strategic, Not Rigid: If your passion field lacks initial job security, consider gaining skills or certifications that make you employable in related industries.

Do Your Research

Explore the career options, earning potential, and growth trends in your chosen field.

Talk to professionals and alumni in both passion and placement-driven careers to gain real insights.

Consider the total ROI—not just salary, but long-term happiness, flexibility, and mental well-being.

Conclusion: Purpose + Practicality = Smart Career Planning

While placements ensure stability, passion brings purpose. The ideal career path blends what you love, what you’re good at, and what the world needs. Whether you’re choosing engineering or English literature, let your decision be informed, intentional, and true to who you are.

Remember: Careers are no longer linear. The course you choose today doesn’t lock you into one job forever. What matters more is your ability to adapt, upskill, and grow—in any field.

[fdrpjournals]

The International Journal of Recent Trends in Interdisciplinary Research (IJRTMR) Is A Bi-Monthly Peer-Reviewed, Refereed, Indexed International Research Magazine, So There Is a Broad Range of Publication Opportunities.

IJRTMR Is a Platform for All Scholars to Post Original Authoritative Research Papers, Essays, Research Projects, Reviews, Mini-Reviews, Case Studies, Synopsis, And Short International Journal Research Messages In A Variety Of Topics.

Authors are encouraged to submit entire unpublished and original works that are not currently being considered by other publications.

[dekhocampus11]

KL University, Guntur

Fostering Innovation, Excellence, and Leadership

Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation (KLEF), popularly known as KL University, is one of India’s leading private deemed-to-be universities. Located in Vaddeswaram, near Guntur and Vijayawada in Andhra Pradesh, KL University has grown from a regional engineering college to a multidisciplinary university with global aspirations. It was founded in 1980 as Koneru Lakshmaiah College of Engineering and achieved deemed university status in 2009 under the University Grants Commission Act.

With an enduring commitment to academic excellence, cutting-edge research, and holistic student development, KL University has emerged as a top destination for students seeking quality higher education in India.

Campus and Infrastructure

The KL University campus spans over 100 acres along the banks of the Krishna River, offering a scenic and eco-friendly academic environment. The university provides state-of-the-art infrastructure to support its large student and faculty population.

Facilities include:

Smart classrooms, modern auditoriums, and seminar halls

200+ advanced laboratories and research centers

High-speed internet and Wi-Fi across the campus

A fully digital central library with thousands of books and journals

Separate hostels for boys and girls with modern amenities

A health center, food courts, banking services, and transportation

Indoor and outdoor sports complexes, including gym and fitness centers

The campus is designed to facilitate learning, innovation, and personal well-being.

Academic Programs

KL University offers a wide array of programs across undergraduate, postgraduate, doctoral, and diploma levels in multiple streams such as engineering, management, law, architecture, fine arts, humanities, and sciences.

Undergraduate Courses:

B.Tech in disciplines like Computer Science, Artificial Intelligence, Civil, Mechanical, Electrical, Electronics and Communication, Biotechnology, and Chemical Engineering

BBA, BCA, B.Sc., B.Com, B.A., B.Arch, B.Pharm, BFA, and integrated law programs such as BBA-LLB

Postgraduate Courses:

M.Tech in Embedded Systems, Structural Engineering, VLSI, Computer Science, and other specializations

MBA with options in Finance, HR, Marketing, Business Analytics, and Operations

M.Sc., M.A., MCA, and M.Pharm in various disciplines

Doctoral Programs:

Ph.D. programs are offered in engineering, science, humanities, management, and law fields, encouraging interdisciplinary and application-based research.

Faculty and Teaching Pedagogy

The university’s academic team includes over 1,200 faculty members, many of whom have obtained their doctorates and postdoctoral experience from premier national and international institutions. The pedagogy at KL University is research-driven, industry-focused, and student-centered.

The teaching methods emphasize:

Experiential learning through projects and case studies

Technology-enabled instruction and e-learning platforms

Guest lectures and masterclasses from industry experts

Participation in online courses, certifications, and workshops

The outcome-based education model ensures students acquire both domain knowledge and practical skills.

Research, Innovation, and Entrepreneurship

KL University promotes innovation through its extensive research infrastructure and entrepreneurial ecosystem. The university has over 70 dedicated research centers working in areas like artificial intelligence, renewable energy, robotics, biomedical sciences, and advanced manufacturing.

Key achievements:

200+ patents filed by faculty and students

Regular publications in national and international journals

Funded research from government bodies and private sectors

Participation in national-level hackathons, model exhibitions, and coding contests

Incubation centers supporting student-led startups through mentoring, seed funding, and networking

KL University actively fosters a culture of innovation and problem-solving.

Global Partnerships

KL University has established international academic collaborations with over 50 foreign universities, allowing students to benefit from exchange programs, semester abroad options, and dual degree arrangements.

Students also participate in international internships, joint research initiatives, cultural exchange programs, and global innovation challenges, gaining valuable cross-border experience and perspectives.

Training and Placement

The university’s Department of Career Planning and Development ensures students are career-ready through rigorous training in communication skills, aptitude, resume building, interview preparation, and corporate grooming.

Placement Highlights:

Over 250 recruiting companies participate annually

Consistent placement record with over 95% students placed

Average salary package: ₹5–6 LPA

Highest domestic and international packages: ₹25 LPA+

Leading recruiters include Amazon, TCS, Infosys, Wipro, Accenture, Deloitte, Capgemini, IBM, HCL, Cognizant, and Tech Mahindra

In addition to placements, the university provides support for students aiming for higher education, entrepreneurship, or public service careers.

Campus Life

KL University is known for its vibrant and inclusive campus life. The university promotes extracurricular involvement through clubs, events, and competitions.

Notable student activities include:

Cultural Fest – Samskruti

Technical Fest – Sparkrill

TEDxKLUniversity events

Model United Nations, coding marathons, and entrepreneurship summits

Active clubs in music, dance, theatre, photography, literary arts, robotics, and sports

Participation in NCC, NSS, and community service projects also allows students to build character and social responsibility.

Admission Process

Admissions to KL University are based on academic merit and performance in entrance exams.

Entry Requirements:

B.Tech admissions through KLUEEE, JEE Main, or AP EAMCET

MBA through KLUBSAT, CAT, MAT, or ICET

M.Tech and Ph.D. admissions based on relevant qualifications, written test, and interviews

The university offers merit-based scholarships, fee waivers, and financial aid to deserving candidates.

Vision and Mission

Vision: To become a globally renowned university for academic excellence, innovation, and community impact.

Mission:

To impart value-based education and promote lifelong learning

To encourage creativity, critical thinking, and entrepreneurship

To engage in quality research that benefits society

To foster inclusive, ethical, and sustainable development

Conclusion

KL University, Guntur, stands as a benchmark in private higher education in India. It blends academic rigor with industry relevance, supports research and innovation, and nurtures well-rounded individuals ready for global challenges. With an unwavering focus on excellence, KL University offers its students not just a degree but a pathway to a successful, meaningful career.

[materialsscienceandengineering]

An interdisciplinary team at POSTECH, led by Professor Gunsu S. Yun, doctoral candidate Jaemin Yoo (Department of Physics, Division of Advanced Nuclear Engineering), Professor Hyungyu Jin, and doctoral candidate Dongkyu Lee (Department of Mechanical Engineering), has developed a groundbreaking technology that addresses key limitations in clean hydrogen production using microwaves. They have also successfully elucidated the underlying mechanism of this innovative process. Their findings, published as the Inside Front Cover of Journal of Materials Chemistry A, mark a transformative step in the pursuit of sustainable energy. As the world shifts away from fossil fuels, clean hydrogen has emerged as a leading candidate for next-generation energy due to its zero carbon emissions. However, existing hydrogen production technologies face significant barriers. Conventional thermochemical methods, which rely on the oxidation-reduction of metal oxides, require extremely high temperatures of up to 1,500°C. These methods are not only energy-intensive and costly but also challenging to scale, limiting their practical application.

Read more.

[kamalkafir-blog]

This breakthrough turns old tech into pure gold — No mercury, no cyanide, just light and salt

An interdisciplinary team of experts in green chemistry, engineering and physics at Flinders University in Australia has developed a safer and more sustainable approach to extract and recover gold from ore and electronic waste. Explained in the leading journal Nature Sustainability, the gold-extraction technique promises to reduce levels of toxic waste from mining and shows that high purity gold…

[shruti235]

Top PhD Courses in India: A Complete Guide for Aspirants

Pursuing a PhD is a significant academic milestone, representing the highest level of education and research expertise. For many students and professionals, enrolling in PhD courses in India offers an opportunity to contribute to knowledge, innovate in their fields, and advance their careers. India’s academic landscape boasts numerous universities and research institutes recognised for their rigorous doctoral programmes. This guide will provide an overview of top PhD courses available in India, highlight some of the best PhD colleges in India, and offer insights into selecting the right university for your research ambitions.

Understanding PhD Courses in India

A PhD degree (Doctor of Philosophy) typically requires candidates to undertake original research in a specialised subject area. The duration of PhD programmes in India generally ranges from three to six years, depending on the discipline and university regulations. Candidates must submit a thesis or dissertation that contributes new knowledge or perspectives to their chosen field.

PhD courses cover a broad spectrum of disciplines, including sciences, engineering, humanities, social sciences, management, and more. Admission to these programmes often involves entrance tests, interviews, and review of research proposals.

Top PhD Courses in India

India offers a wide array of top PhD courses catering to diverse academic interests. Some popular fields for doctoral study include:

Science and Technology: Physics, Chemistry, Biology, Environmental Science, Biotechnology, Computer Science, and Materials Science.

Engineering and Technology: Mechanical Engineering, Electrical Engineering, Civil Engineering, Chemical Engineering, and Information Technology.

Humanities and Social Sciences: Literature, History, Sociology, Political Science, Psychology, and Economics.

Management and Commerce: Business Administration, Finance, Marketing, and Organisational Behaviour.

Interdisciplinary Research: Fields combining multiple disciplines such as Bioinformatics, Nanotechnology, and Environmental Studies.

Universities offer specialised programmes tailored to emerging research trends and industry needs, allowing candidates to explore innovative topics.

Admission Process for PhD Courses in India

The admission procedure for PhD courses in India typically involves several stages:

Eligibility: Candidates must hold a master’s degree or equivalent in a relevant discipline with a minimum percentage or CGPA as specified by the university.

Entrance Test: Many universities conduct written exams or accept national-level test scores such as UGC-NET, CSIR-NET, GATE, or university-specific entrance tests.

Interview: Shortlisted candidates often undergo an interview or presentation of their research proposal before a selection committee.

Research Proposal: Submission and approval of a detailed research proposal outlining the intended area of study.

Registration: Once selected, candidates register for the PhD programme and begin their coursework and research.

The exact admission criteria may vary between universities and fields of study.

Research Facilities and Support

Top research universities in India invest heavily in providing infrastructure to support doctoral research. Candidates can expect access to:

Well-equipped laboratories with advanced instruments.

Libraries with extensive collections of books, journals, and digital resources.

Opportunities for research collaborations and conferences.

Funding support through scholarships and grants.

Mentorship by experienced faculty and research guides.

These facilities are vital for producing high-quality research outcomes and publications.

Career Prospects After PhD

Completing a PhD degree opens numerous career pathways:

Academic Positions: Teaching and research roles in universities and colleges.

Research and Development: Opportunities in government and private research institutions, laboratories, and think tanks.

Industry Research: Roles in R&D departments of multinational corporations, startups, and technology firms.

Consultancy and Policy Making: Advising government agencies and organisations on specialised topics.

Entrepreneurship: Developing technology-based startups or consulting firms.

PhD graduates are valued for their analytical skills, subject expertise, and ability to conduct independent research.

Interdisciplinary Research and Emerging Fields in PhD Studies

In recent years, interdisciplinary research has gained considerable momentum in India’s academic environment. Many universities are encouraging PhD candidates to work across traditional boundaries to solve complex real-world problems. This approach integrates knowledge from multiple disciplines, fostering innovation and comprehensive understanding.

Emerging fields such as nanotechnology, bioinformatics, environmental sustainability, and artificial intelligence are prime examples where interdisciplinary PhD research is highly encouraged. For instance, combining computer science with biotechnology enables breakthroughs in genomics and personalised medicine.

Students opting for interdisciplinary PhD courses gain the advantage of broader expertise and more versatile career options. These areas are often supported by specialised centres of excellence and funded projects within top Indian universities, offering candidates access to cutting-edge tools and collaborative networks.

Importance of Choosing the Right Research Supervisor

One of the most critical decisions for any PhD aspirant is selecting the right research supervisor or guide. The supervisor plays a pivotal role throughout the doctoral journey by providing academic mentorship, guidance on research methodology, and support in navigating challenges.

When choosing a supervisor, candidates should consider factors such as the faculty member’s research interests, publications, industry connections, and previous mentorship experience. A good supervisor not only assists in shaping the research direction but also facilitates networking opportunities and career growth.

In India’s top universities, supervisors often have active collaborations with national and international research institutions, enabling students to participate in conferences, workshops, and joint projects. This mentorship can significantly impact the quality of the PhD thesis and future employment prospects.

Funding and Scholarships for PhD Studies in India

Funding is a key consideration for many PhD aspirants. Fortunately, India offers a variety of scholarships, fellowships, and grants to support doctoral research. Some of the prominent funding sources include:

UGC Junior Research Fellowship (JRF): Provides financial assistance to candidates qualifying UGC-NET exams.

CSIR Fellowships: For science and technology research candidates qualifying CSIR-NET.

INSPIRE Fellowship: Sponsored by the Department of Science & Technology for outstanding candidates.

University-Specific Scholarships: Many universities, including Shoolini University, offer merit-based or need-based scholarships for PhD students.

Project-Based Funding: Candidates working on sponsored research projects may receive stipends or grants.

These funding options help cover tuition fees, living expenses, and research costs, making doctoral education more accessible and encouraging talented individuals to pursue research careers.

Shoolini University is recognised as one of the leading institutions offering diverse and research-intensive PhD courses in India. With a strong emphasis on innovation and interdisciplinary research, Shoolini provides doctoral programmes in fields such as Biotechnology, Environmental Science, Physics, Chemistry, and Management. The university boasts state-of-the-art laboratories, experienced faculty, and collaborative projects that prepare candidates to excel in academia and industry alike. Its commitment to nurturing research talent in a serene and conducive environment makes it a promising choice for aspirants seeking to pursue their PhD in India.

Himachal Pradesh is increasingly becoming a prominent destination for doctoral studies, with universities like Shoolini University providing specialised PhD programmes tailored to current scientific and academic demands. Whether your interest lies in the sciences, humanities, or interdisciplinary research, India offers comprehensive options to support your doctoral ambitions.

Aspiring researchers should carefully consider factors such as faculty expertise, research infrastructure, and placement support while choosing their PhD programme. A PhD not only represents academic excellence but also opens the door to numerous career opportunities in academia, industry, and beyond.

[mehmetyildizmelbourne-blog]

Why Bohrium Became a Popular Search Engine Quickly

A Breakthrough in Interdisciplinary Scientific Research This emerging AI-based search engine is a game-changer for scientists, journalists, writers, and readers, offering excellent options for accessing credible data very fast. For the last two and a half decades, I have primarily relied on Google Scholar for my instant research activities to find credible content from peer-reviewed journals in…