#Marine Control Module

[auto2mation1]

Foxboro 761cna-bt single station micro controller module - Auto2mation

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[lonestarflight]

Cancelled Missions/Station: Manned Orbital Research Laboratory (MORL)

This was a study initiated in 1962 for space stations designs using the Gemini Spacecraft and later on the Apollo CSM. Boeing and Douglas received Phase I contracts in June 1964.

MORL/S-IVB Concept

"A 5 metric ton 'dry' space station, launched by Saturn IB, with Gemini or Apollo being used for crew rotation. The 6.5 meter diameter and 12.6 meter long station included a docking adapter, hangar section, airlock, and a dual-place centrifuge. Douglas was selected by NASA LaRC for further Phase 2 and 3 studies in 1963 to 1966. Although MORL was NASA's 'baseline station' during this period, it was dropped by the late 1960's in preference to the more capable station that would become Skylab.

Different docking concepts studied.

The Manned Orbital Research Laboratory was the brainchild of Carl M Houson and Allen C. Gilbert, two engineers at Douglas. In 1963 they proposed a Mini Space Station using existing hardware, to be launched by 1965. A Titan II or Atlas would be launched with a payload of control system, docking adapter and hangar module. The visiting crew would use the payload to transform the empty fuel tank of the last stage of the rocket into pressurized habitat (a so-called 'wet' space station). Provisions were available for 4 astronauts for a 100 day stay. Crew members would arrive two at a time aboard Gemini spacecraft. Equipment included a two-place centrifuge for the astronauts to readapt to gravity before their return to earth.

An early MORL concert. Artwork by Gordon Phillips.

In June 1964 Boeing and Douglas received Phase I contracts for further refinement of MORL station designs. The recommended concept was now for a 13.5 metric ton 'dry' space station, launched by Saturn IB, with Gemini or Apollo being used for crew rotation. The 6.5 meter diameter and 12.6 meter long station included a docking adapter, Hangar section, airlock, and a dual-place centrifuge.

"Medium-sized orbiting lab is this Manned Orbital Research Laboratory (MORL) developed for NASA's Langley Lab by Douglas Missiles & Spacecraft Division. The lab which weighs about 35,000 pounds, could maintain 3 to 6 men in orbit for a year.

Orbiting Stations: Stopovers to Space Travel by Irwin Stambler, G.P. Putnam's Sons, 1965."

Douglas was selected by NASA LaRC for further Phase 2 and 3 studies in 1963 to 1966. The major system elements of the baseline that emerged included:

A 660-cm-diameter laboratory launched by the Saturn IB into a 370-km orbit inclined at 28.72 degrees to the equator

A Saturn IB launched Apollo logistics vehicle, consisting of a modified Apollo command module, a service pack for rendezvous and re-entry propulsion, and a multi-mission module for cargo, experiments, laboratory facility modification, or a spacecraft excursion propulsion system.

Supporting ground systems.

MORL Phase IIb examined the utilization of the MORL for space research in the 1970s. Subcontractors included:

Eclipse-Pioneer Division of Bendix, stabilization and control

Federal Systems Division of IBM, communications, data management, and ground support systems

Hamilton Standard Division of the United Aircraft Corporation, environmental control/life support

Stanford Research Institute, priority analysis of space- related objectives

Bissett-Berman, oceanography

Marine Advisors, oceanography

Aero Services, cartography and photogrammetry

Marquardt, orientation propulsion

TRW, main engine propulsion.

The original MORL program envisioned one or two Saturn IB and three Titan II launches. Crew would be 6 to 9 Astronauts. After each Gemini docked to the MORL at the nose of the adapter, the crew would shut down the Gemini systems, put the spacecraft into hibernation, and transfer by EVA to the MORL airlock. The Gemini would then be moved by a small manipulator to side of the station to clear docking adapter for arrival of the next crew."

"Docking was to have 3 ports, all Nose Dock config, with spacecraft modifications totaling +405 lbs over the baseline Gemini spacecraft (structure beef-up, dock provisions, added retro-rockets, batteries, a data link for rendezvous, temp. control equip. for long-term, unoccupied Gemini storage on-orbit and removal of R&D instruments)."

"Later concepts including docking a Saturn-IB launched space telescope to MORL. At 4 meter diameter and 15 meter long, this would be the same size as the later Hubble Space Telescope. The crew would have to make EVA's to recover the film from the camera.

In 1965 Robert Sohn, head of the Technical Requirements Staff, TRW Space Technology Laboratories, proposed a detailed plan for early manned flight to Mars using MORL. The enlarged MORL-derived mission module would house six to eight men and be hurled on a Mars flyby by a single Saturn MLV-V-1 launch. MORL-derived Mars mission modules cropped up in other Douglas Mars studies until superseded by the 10-m diameter Planetary Mission Module in 1969.

MORL/Space Telescope

Why was MORL never launched ?

NASA had a need for a Space Station and MORL was little, easy and cheap. But NASA had more ambitious plans, embodied in the Apollo Applications Orbital Workshop (later called Skylab)."

-information from astronautix.com: link

source, source, source

NARA: 6375661, S66-17592

Posted on Flickr by Numbers Station: link

[reyaint]

veylhera academy classes | electives

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date: july 19 2025. started: 1:06am ended: 1:47am

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✧˖*°࿐veylhera's elective classes

*ೃ༄magical & practical electives

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Marine Biology

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: magical aquatic ecosystems, bioluminescence, and ley-reactive marine species.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: held in the glass-reef biodomes on the academy’s lower isles, this course explores marine flora and fauna, both mundane and magically enhanced. students study aura-reactive coral species, deepwater leviathans, and symbiotic sea-mage bonds. fieldwork includes scuba rituals using aqua-breath charms and direct interaction with ley-bent aquatic entities. projects may involve nurturing aura-healing kelp gardens or researching siren migration patterns across ley-tides.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Aura Weaving & Enchanted Textiles

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: channeling magic through fabric and textile enchantment design.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: in this hands-on course, students learn to spin raw aura threads into functional garments or tools. level I includes color-reactive loomwork, mana-dye blending, and textile sigils for defensive buffering. in level II, they advance to kinetic-cloak weaving, emotion-absorbing silk, and light-shifting armor layering. final projects may include wearable spell lattices or designing uniforms that adapt to field conditions. partnerships with ritual ink and combat tactics are common for dual-purpose enchantments.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Ritual Ink & Sigil Crafting

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: body-sigil theory, tattoo enchantment, and ritual-based markcasting.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: this course covers the metaphysical and artistic practice of ink-bound magic. level I covers sigil language basics, intent-charging, and temporary ritual inks. in level II, students begin live-skin enchantment tests on willing mannequins or themselves under supervision. the inks are brewed with auric stabilizers for safety. by level III, students develop full-body defense lattices, hex tattoos, and identity-linked markings that can store memories, spells, or even guardian spirits. ancient runic systems and modern tag-binding techniques are compared and studied in depth.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Magical Creatures

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: identification, care, and lore of magical beasts.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: students interact with aura-sensitive fauna such as leyweavers, echohounds, and stormgliders. topics include bonding rituals, magical symbiosis, and creature-based spellcasting. field trips may include protected biomes or recovery sanctuaries.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Ruins & Artifacts

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: exploration and study of ancient magical architecture and enchanted relics.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: students analyze protective wards, cultural enchantments, and unstable spectral bindings in ancient ruins. learn how to disarm traps, trace aura imprints, and stabilize semi-sentient artifacts.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Divination

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: predictive and interpretive magic across cultures.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: students learn multiple divination systems: mirror scrying, resonance charts, dream-thread reading, and leyline fluctuation prediction. strong focus on symbolic translation, intuitive control, and metaphysical accuracy.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Astrology

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: celestial influences on aura tone, birth alignment, and leyline behavior.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: students build star-maps, study cosmic flare interaction with mana cycles, and chart their aura under moon-phase conditions. each student completes a personal astral tone chart.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Spectral Forensics (Forensics I)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: magical crime scene investigation.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: teaches students how to detect spell residue, trace unauthorized casting, and reconstruct magical incidents using tone-echoes. paired with ethical modules and supervised mock crime scenes.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Anatomy (Aura-Integrated)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: human and magical anatomy through both scientific and magical lenses.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: students study organ systems, aura points, pressure nodes, and how spells affect different types of tissue. crucial for aspiring healers, potion-makers, or medics.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Ley-Physics (Physics I)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: application of physics in spell dynamics and levitation fields.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: covers energy transfer in aura systems, flight mechanics, leyline ripple behavior, and kinetic enchantments. students simulate gravitational bypass using ley-anchored platforms.

*ೃ༄creative & physical electives

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Singing

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: vocal expression, tone control, and performance technique.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: though non-magical, this class is often taken by students whose auras are tone-sensitive or harmonically unstable. students train in breath control, resonance, and stage performance.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Theatre

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: performance arts, acting, aura-emotive storytelling.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: combines traditional acting with minor spell-theatrics. students study stage illusions, aura projection through roleplay, and tonal impersonation. performances are open to the public.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Art & Art History

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: visual expression and artistic history across aura cultures.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: art classes include sculpture, painting, and aura-reactive pigment work. students experiment with glow-ink, spell-reactive clay, and mood-transferring brushwork. art History dives into symbolism, forbidden tone artworks, and ley-art traditions.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Pottery

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: ceramic art and basic enchantment casting into crafted forms.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: students create rune-inscribed vessels, charm-imbued teacups, and protective amphorae. this class offers meditative value for aura management.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Culinary

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: cooking and baking, with optional magical integration.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: students learn world cuisines, potion-infused desserts, aura-soothing meals, and mood-tuned teas. Honors students must serve a full-course ritual banquet for selected Crown guests.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Personal Finance

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: real-world preparation for Crown and provincial economies.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: teaches savings, aura relic valuation, enchantment insurance, business startup strategy, and mana-market speculation. essential for entrepreneurial students and future field agents.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ (H) Fashion

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: cultural fashion design with aura-reactive materials.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: combines fashion history with the creation of personalized, magically attuned clothing. students design garments that shift with emotion, tone, or elemental presence. final project: wearable aura-reactive couture.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Psychology

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: human and aura-based behavior, trauma patterns, and mind-aura resonance.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: honors-level students study high-risk aura conditions like echo burn, overload fracture, and tone collapse. roleplays, ethical debates, and patient simulation included.

*ೃ༄ languages (I–II)

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Spanish (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › study of the spanish language with a focus on clarity, tone rhythm, and cross-cultural diplomatic speech.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › students explore spell etiquette from the southern crystal coast provinces and learn rhythmic mana phrasing common in melodic casting. includes modules on translation of aura-affiliated poetry from aura-sensitives in castellan outposts.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Italian (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus on expressive aura-tone alignment through Italian.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › this course explores how romantic and operatic tones shape aura resonance. students practice expressive spellwork and emotion-channeling through structured conversation, particularly suited for empaths and tone-reactive auras.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Latin (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › the root of many arcane traditions in Tesrvenkodria, Latin is a favored tongue of historians, enchanters, and formal ritualists.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › study includes ancient incantation structures, aura-seal terminology, and lawbinding phrasing still used in court-bound contracts and ancient grimoires.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Japanese (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › explores the structure, elegance, and layered symbolism of Japanese, often paired with ritual etiquette.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › ideal for precision casters, this course includes practice with spiritual terminology, paper sigils (ofuda), and formal tone masking. students complete a personal aura-sigil poem in Level II.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Chinese (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus on tonal complexity and traditional spell-symbol overlap.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › students learn to read aura-modulated ideograms, with attention to rhythm, breath, and chi-aligned speech. used often in leyfield diagnostics and aura acupuncture studies.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Korean (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focuses on phonetic precision and honor-based language formality.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › students explore honorific structures in spellcasting, reinforcing tone hierarchy and structured mana delivery. students analyze historical spells originating from old hangul seals and lunar-code glyphs.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Tagalog (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › rooted in oral tradition and storm-call rhythm casting.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › this course introduces students to lyrical, chant-like casting styles found in coastborne provinces. includes study of sea-bound summoning terms and protective invocation phrasing still used in ancestral rituals.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ German (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › emphasis on structural mana authority, direct inflection, and clarity under duress.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › german is favored in military incantations and engineered spellphrasing. students study compound tone-commands and their use in tactical operations or ley-stabilization drills.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Russian (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focuses on deep, resonant tone control and protective warding language.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › students practice forming aura commands rooted in resilience and mental resistance. includes archaic magical folklore and deep-resonance vocal drills tied to Coldlight shield chants.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Portuguese (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › known for emotional nuance, Portuguese introduces students to harmonic spellweaving.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › often used in charm magic, song-spells, and emotional tone transitions. lessons emphasize fluid casting, charm lyrics, and auric performance spells in southern border provinces.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Gaelic (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › highly tonal and mystic in nature, gaelic is used in old-world spirit binding and ley-hymns.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › this course delves into poetic spell structures and ley-chants, with field exercises in tonal resonance meadows. a favorite among spectral conjurers and spiritwalkers.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Mythic Tongue Studies (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › study of extinct, fragmented, or mythologically-based magical languages.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › students decipher reconstructed phrases, tone-vault carvings, and spiritbound speech. often includes guided exposure to cursed script, tonal mimicry, and mythic grammar rebuilding.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Ancient Spellscript Decoding (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › specialized focus on ancient runes, forgotten glyph sets, and tonal ciphers.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › students engage in translation and preservation of unstable magical documents, relic imprints, and coded battle spells lost to time. requires heavy coursework in symbol logic and tonal anchoring.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Aura-Infused Speech (I–II)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › explores vocal aura enhancement across all languages.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › students train to modulate their voices with mana, create tone-resonant words, and embed minor effects (soothing, alerting, redirecting) in their speech. also includes whisper-casting, emotional masking, and tonal illusions.

*ೃ༄weapons electives

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Archery

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: precision ranged combat with or without aura augmentation.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: taught by active field rangers. Students master shortbows, spell-arrows, leyline-guided shots, and aura-imbued fletching. advanced classes include combat-in-motion drills and camouflage training.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Throwing Knives

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: stealth combat and precision aura disruption techniques.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: students learn to neutralize sigil-casters by interrupting their aura flows. practice includes light-channel detection, pulse-sight training, and knife weaving into spell circles.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Fencing

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: magical-mechanical bladework, agility, and reflex-based aura channeling.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: fencing at Veylhera blends classical technique with auric infusion and tactical dueling theory. students begin with traditional foil and épée footwork (I), then progress to custom aura-forged blades and ley-imbued rapiers (II–III). by IV, students perform real-time aura redirection mid-bout and utilize kinetic wardbreaking forms. special attention is given to defensive casting while parrying, and how blade resonance can amplify offensive spells. matches are often judged by spell-break effectiveness, not just physical strikes.

𓂃 ࣪˖ ִֶָꪆৎ Magical Riflery

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › focus: precision aim, aura-guided targeting systems, and ranged combat etiquette.

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › details: students are introduced to magi-tech rifles bound to their aura signatures (I), learning breath control, trajectory calculation, and shot-aura syncing. emphasis is placed on mana recoil absorption, ley-scope calibration, and maintaining ethical ranged distance protocols. level II introduces astral-tracing bullets, elemental charges, and suppression techniques used in anti-spell warfare. combat simulations involve both target drills and moving enemies with variable magic shielding.

*ೃ༄sports and physical arts

some of these may also be full-team sports

you can take these as part of your elective rotation or join the academy’s competitive squads:

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › archery

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › horse riding

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › swimming

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › dance (aura-integrated ballet, jazz, or modern)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › wrestling

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › soccer / football

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › basketball / softball / baseball

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › track & field

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › tennis / ice skating / golf

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › karate / kickboxing / martial arts (mixed)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › volleyball / badminton

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › cheerleading (optional aura integration)

ꪆৎ 𓂃 › diving (aura-flow underwater control)

dance, ice skating, horse riding, and cheerleading often include optional aura choreography for artistic points during showcases and tournaments.

@reverieshifts @lalalian

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 17, 2025

A spatial code for temporal information is necessary for efficient sensory learning. Bagur, S., Bourg, J., Kempf, A., Tarpin, T., Bergaoui, K., Guo, Y., Ceballo, S., Schwenkgrub, J., Verdier, A., Puel, J. L., Bourien, J., & Bathellier, B. (2025). Science Advances, 11(2).

Beyond nature, nurture, and chance: Individual agency shapes divergent learning biographies and brain connectome. Barde, W., Renner, J., Emery, B., Khanzada, S., Hu, X., Garthe, A., Rünker, A. E., Amin, H., & Kempermann, G. (2025). Science Advances, 11(2).

Dynamics of specialization in neural modules under resource constraints. Béna, G., & Goodman, D. F. M. (2025). Nature Communications, 16, 187.

Discretized representations in V1 predict suboptimal orientation discrimination. Corbo, J., Erkat, O. B., McClure, J., Khdour, H., & Polack, P.-O. (2025). Nature Communications, 16, 41.

Cortical direction selectivity increases from the input to the output layers of visual cortex. Dai, W., Wang, T., Li, Y., Yang, Y., Zhang, Y., Wu, Y., Zhou, T., Yu, H., Li, L., Wang, Y., Wang, G., & Xing, D. (2025). PLOS Biology, 23(1), e3002947.

An Eccentricity Gradient Reversal across High-Level Visual Cortex. Daniel-Hertz, E., Yao, J. K., Gregorek, S., Hoyos, P. M., & Gomez, J. (2025). Journal of Neuroscience, 45(2), e0809242024.

Dissociable control of motivation and reinforcement by distinct ventral striatal dopamine receptors. Enriquez-Traba, J., Arenivar, M., Yarur-Castillo, H. E., Noh, C., Flores, R. J., Weil, T., Roy, S., Usdin, T. B., LaGamma, C. T., Wang, H., Tsai, V. S., Kerspern, D., Moritz, A. E., Sibley, D. R., Lutas, A., Moratalla, R., Freyberg, Z., & Tejeda, H. A. (2025). Nature Neuroscience, 28(1), 105–121.

Nitric oxide modulates contrast suppression in a subset of mouse retinal ganglion cells. Gonschorek, D., Goldin, M. A., Oesterle, J., Schwerd-Kleine, T., Arlinghaus, R., Zhao, Z., Schubert, T., Marre, O., & Euler, T. (2025). eLife, 13, e98742.3.

Nonlinear receptive fields evoke redundant retinal coding of natural scenes. Karamanlis, D., Khani, M. H., Schreyer, H. M., Zapp, S. J., Mietsch, M., & Gollisch, T. (2025). Nature, 637(8045), 394–401.

Neural evidence of functional compensation for fluid intelligence in healthy ageing. Knights, E., Henson, R. N., Morcom, A., Mitchell, D. J., & Tsvetanov, K. A. (2025). eLife, 13, e93327.3.

Valence and salience encoding in the central amygdala. Kong, M.-S., Ancell, E., Witten, D. M., & Zweifel, L. S. (2025). eLife, 13, e101980.3.

Neuroethology of natural actions in freely moving monkeys. Lanzarini, F., Maranesi, M., Rondoni, E. H., Albertini, D., Ferretti, E., Lanzilotto, M., Micera, S., Mazzoni, A., & Bonini, L. (2025). Science, 387(6730), 214–220.

Plasticity of human resilience mechanisms. Leone, G., Casanave, H., Postel, C., Fraisse, F., Vallée, T., de La Sayette, V., Dayan, J., Peschanski, D., Eustache, F., & Gagnepain, P. (2025). Science Advances, 11(2).

The cognitive critical brain: Modulation of criticality in perception-related cortical regions. Liu, X., Fei, X., & Liu, J. (2025). NeuroImage, 305, 120964.

Color and Spatial Frequency Provide Functional Signatures of Retinotopic Visual Areas. Loggia, S. R., Duffield, S. J., Braunlich, K., & Conway, B. R. (2025). Journal of Neuroscience, 45(2), e1673232024.

Subthreshold repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation induces cortical layer–, brain region–, and protocol-dependent neural plasticity. Ong, R. C. S., & Tang, A. D. (2025). Science Advances, 11(2).

Formation of long-term memory without short-term memory revealed by CaMKII inhibition. Shin, M. E., Parra-Bueno, P., & Yasuda, R. (2025). Nature Neuroscience, 28(1), 35–39.

The NeuroML ecosystem for standardized multi-scale modeling in neuroscience. Sinha, A., Gleeson, P., Marin, B., Dura-Bernal, S., Panagiotou, S., Crook, S., Cantarelli, M., Cannon, R. C., Davison, A. P., Gurnani, H., & Silver, R. A. (2025). eLife, 13, e95135.3.

Distinct Inhibitory Neurons Differently Shape Neuronal Codes for Sound Intensity in the Auditory Cortex. Tobin, M., Sheth, J., Wood, K. C., Michel, E. K., & Geffen, M. N. (2025). Journal of Neuroscience, 45(2), e1502232024.

Learning-associated astrocyte ensembles regulate memory recall. Williamson, M. R., Kwon, W., Woo, J., Ko, Y., Maleki, E., Yu, K., Murali, S., Sardar, D., & Deneen, B. (2025). Nature, 637(8045), 478–486.

[survivalist-anon]

Log 6: Fort Dorn

Fort Dorn:

06:00 hrs

Intensive Environment Training Room

Floor -6

Four imperial fists have gone currently for 5 hours planking by their arms and feet in a room that has been designed to reach temperatures of 200° Fahrenheit. Grilled for what had occurred last night.

"So.....you four think you can just sneak out..... pretend to be not just civilians.... MORTAL civilians.", the current chaplain, Aldercon, steadily paced in his armor. "So. Did you boys have a nice drink? In which would be at this point.... quite frankly the biggest waste of your Oolitic kidney's FUCKING TIME.", leans down to Bilhard's face.

Bilhard was doing relatively good, sweating liters of his sweat per second, "SORRY SIR!". His voices shouted.

Raises up, takes a step to Urtus. "You are going to be here just as long as Bilhard is. Do you understand me?".

Urtus was neck and neck to Bilhard. By this point he's matching Bilhard on everything including sweating. "SIR YES SIR!"

"I CAN'T HEAR BOY! THE HEAT MELTED MY FUCKING AUDITORY MODULE AID!", the chaplain shouted.

"SIR YES SIR!", Urtus responded, his voice would have reverberated throughout the room if it weren't for the heating system.

The chaplain moved on to Cahrilo. Leaned right into his face. "....what about you lover boy. FUCKING SATISFIED WITH YOUR SEXUAL SHENANIGANS?!?!".

Cahrilo, doing more than sweating his fluids right out, red in the face trying to keep focus on his plank. Unlike the rest of his brothers, he hadn't trained like this for a while. He also didn't want to answer the loaded question, which ever answer he gave, he would lose for sure. "Ugh"

"SHUT THE FUCK UP YOUVE BORED ME!", by this point the heating room has now gotten on the chaplain's last nerve. He paces to Moors.

".....you're here..... because you stole that United States issued assault tank from that base up in Washington....and decided to modify it.... with spinning rims.", he concluded with a terribly hidden grin.

"Those weakling, yellow bellied welps at that over polished white outhouse didn't deserve 'Edna'.", with absolutely no wasted breath, Moors had just admitted to stealing government property.

This resulted in the other three bursting into uncontrollably laughter but landing in their own boiling sweat puddles.

The chaplain signal's the operator outside of the enhanced two way mirror to shut off the heater. All right that's enough for today, and Moors you're writing a double report for moral misconduct of theft of a military vehicle."

Moors got up, "worth it.", massaging his forearms.

"Hit the showers! You all smell like the nicest part of Nurgle!", Aldercon was done punishing the four marines for the time being. He enters into a small transition chamber where a blue arousal spray coats him. His face scrunches up and he starts spitting. "BLAH! WHY DOES THE DISINFECTANT TASTE LIKE BLACK BARRIES?!? SHA'KAL!", he calls out to the facilities only Salamander apothecary marine.

On the intercom, Sha'kal man's the controls, "It's a new edible formula sir! It's to prevent the others from consuming the original disinfectant.", he has always had everyone's well being in mind. Making sure that everyone, man, marine, animal or vegetable receives the best and safest care.

"WHOS THE NUMBNUTS THATS BEEN LICKING THEMSELVES CLEAN OF DISINFECTANT?!?", he angrily wipes his eyes and mouth. "Also why black barries?! I hate black barries!".

Sha'kal got up from his chair to give Aldercon a towel, "well it was the flavor that won the facility wide voting."

"oh the cruel beauty of democracy.... status report of the morning.", he shakes his head wiping off the fruity liquid.

Taking out a clip board, "well, reserves are well stocked for the month, the parameters of the fort have once again been triple checked and fortifed-"

"Ah good. Just the way I like it. Continue." A smile creeps up Aldercon's face ear to ear, chuffed to hear that so far everything is good.

As he and Aldercon walk through the expansive underground halls containing the day's reports, all forms of activity is occuring. Construction and excavations on the expanding territory of the Imperial Fists continues in full speed. Several Marines keep the place running in full operational standards to a Space Hulk on a much smaller scale.

"-and how is the ugh....what was that project that Ihorn was doing?", Aldercon reluctantly asked.

Sha'kal checked the notes he made in the back of one of the documents, "Oh yes....um the trainable bears. So biological augmentations on the bears have been successful. They've fully adapted to the nutrition supplements and seem to have adopted rather preferable behaviors.", the two of them walk to an enormous elevator shaft fit and strong enough to carry up to several tons worth of equipment.

After a few minutes of more briefing, they finally reach the surface level of the fort. Cleverly disguised as an abandoned farmhouse, the two Astartes march to the tattered barn, where most of the animals the Imperial Fists use for their own purposes.

"Ihorn! How are the bears doing?", he shouts to the shirtless marine.

Ihorn was originally a member of a company of Crimson fists stationed in Cadia for a temporary few decades, than was sent to a death planet. Now is perfectly content with animal training, he's the proud trainer of a team of eight, modified grizzly bears. "Ohoho, good morning Chaplain! Splendidly, look! Petunia is ready to have a litter again!", he proudly shows a gigantic grizzly bear, with a modified power pack permanently attached to the bear's back, tubes running along side her spine, ribs and head.

This was a bear made for the Imperium.

The bear stood up to intimidate the chaplain and Sha'kal. She had a furless bare belly, a side effect of the modifications made to her, slightly larger than normal due to the unnatural pregnancy. She let a low defensive growl.

"now now my sweet girl, you relax and concentrate on the cubs. Come on love.", Ihron takes a small clacker, clicks it a few times, snapping the bear back to its docile self.

Ihorn gives her an apple as a treat, giving her a stead pat in the back, "the girls always need to be spoiled. They perform better and are happier to do so.".

Impressed by the animal mastery Ihron has accomplished, Aldercon now wonders about something else, "The females? Why not the males?".

Giving a pensive thought, "well... I tried the males .....the females would kill and eat them", scratches Petunia behind the ears. "Shame really, I would like to see one fully grown.".

Sha'kal was standing in front of Aldercon in order to protect him from the bear, even if he was wearing an enlarged shirt with combat trousers. "Couldn't have you just, I don't know....not brutality alter this... innocent creature, it is in pain?", he looked at the unsightly handy work of one of the only members of the Adeptus mechanicus the fort had....a skitarii they named "Gibs".

"nonsense, I can tell she's pretty content. I've studied these lovely beasts for decades and she's just as content as a regular bear in captivity. Besides, if ever hear that measley little cord rat hurt any of my animals....I'll squish whatever is left of him.", he checks the power pack to see if it causing any discomfort.

Aldercon looks around at the other animals Ihron keeps in the barn, a few cows, some chickens specifically taken from an industrial farm several miles away and a few emotional support animals like sheep and domestic pigs. "Hmm. I see you're doing a good job. Primarch would be proud of your compassion for these beasts.", he gives him a firm handshake. He can't help but look back at the bear and attempt to intimidate her one last time.

She looked rather bored, until she was able to manipulate the muscles in her snout into a creepy, unnatural grin.

"oH sweet mother of-", he almost grabs his chest.

Ihorn and Sha'kal both laugh, "GOOD GIRL PETUNIA!", he gives her a hug for her little stunt.

Petunia gives a victorious roar, and gives Ihron a lick to the face.

As he continued to giggle, Sha'kal turned to see an unhumored Aldercon. "Oh my bad sir. We were planning that prank for weeks."

With a stern nod of head, "oh brother. Come on, let's continue the briefing".

The both of them leave the and head to the "farm house", as the two squeeze in through the threshold, a covert operation of digital surveillance is under way. As the two marine walk through, members of different chapters contribute to the complex communications system that has been spying the United States and several other countries decades before the FBI or the CIA.

"anything?", Aldercon quietly asked one member of the Ultramarines surveying the movement of the stock exchanges, monetary spending and shockingly enough the cash flow of several other developed nations on a set of 8 monitors. Hyperfocused, the marine just wags his finger 'no'. "Good work", he gives the marine a pat the back.

Walking over to an empty desk, he looks at the neatly kept but rather personalized workspace of the only confirmed Raven Guard in the country.

Letting out a deep disappointed sigh, "where is he?", he turns to see several members stop and look at the desk. Some of them silently nodding or gesturing uncertainty. "Has anyone here seen Wick?".

Giving a clarify cough, "um I believe he went 'to the field ', at least that's how he worded it to me.".

Aldercon is no stranger to rebellious behavior. When he first appeared on Earth around a hundred and twenty years ago, he had at several points been married, has had children and watched them grow up throughout their stages of life. He is certain this is one of those times, however a human teenage son is one thing, a fully grown adult Astartes fresh from his time as a neophyte is a completely different matter of frustration. "I see.....well ....did he keep his tracking system on?"

One of the fist's working on GPS tracking searches for Wick's location. "Ah yes, he is currently in Nevada."

He takes a double take, "WHAT?!"

The fist looks at the data on Wick's location. "Hmm...he's on the move but he is in government airspace."

Cupping his hands to his temples, massaging away the pent up frustrations he had just built up. "Can things get ANY more complicated?"

"3 Boogies at 12 o'clock sir. Heading to the north side of the wall.", one of the other Marines announces.

"oh goodie....the sons of Russ.... just in for a visit.", he isn't much better hearing this.

"wait they have a civilian with them", suddenly he feels the room's tone change from tense to dangerous.

Seething with rage, one rule Aldercon has been strict on enforcing is the restricted access of the Fort to moral humans. ".....Ssssssssteeeennnnnnnnnn......". He leaves fuming.

"oh dear, Aldercon please calm down!", Sha'kal runs after the chaplain in hopes he doesn't kill anyone on the way to the wall.

The room stood quite, with nothing but the beeps and pings of the monitors. All of them had gone right back to work.

~~~~~~~~~~~~

As the trees past the four us, with the wind on my face and the careful dodging of branches, it felt like I was flying. I couldn't believe this was happening. Not only the cabin, but a pack of mysterious space soldiers? Forget about the inheritance money, this beats that any day!

However, I should be a little more careful with being caught up in this, I barely know these men. For all I know they could be making it up ...the more I think about it, the more I wonder why all this? Was this something I genuinely deserved? What if something else happens?

The trio stop, Sten smells the air, trying to pick up a sent. "this way.", he points his body to the direction of the mountain range nearby. As the pack continues, I have a sudden nagging feeling crawl up my spine.

"wait, you guys said this was a fort right?", I ask loudly as the brushing of leaves slightly drowns my voice out.

Fjord, practically prancing in the brush, "yes lass! It's an Imperial Fist fort! Best in the business and probably filled to the brim with traps! It's gonin to be fun!".

"Ay, are you daft!? The girl is with us, and she doesn't have any armor! Unless she's some covert Battle Sister I say we be careful.", As Toke dodged a branch, he tossed one on to what looked like a safe clearing but was actually a huge automatic trap.

I began to worry, I didn't care if these guys were heavily armored or if I didn't know them, I just didn't want them getting hurt.

"tis all right Lorey, we will keep you safe. I won't let any harm come to you.", I could feel Sten's grip adjusting to secure me. The fact he carried me here was a feat in it's own.

Their pace slowed down and soon we reached a concrete wall. This was bigger than anything current military fencing, it just looked like a thick, eerie wall. I could see graffiti and posters scattered throughout. "What the....who...built this?", I could imagine the workforce that took the time to do it.

"well, it looks we're going up!", Toke had pressed a few buttons on his arms, switching on a set of claws on his gauntlets.

Sten placed me down gently to do the same, "my dear, you will have to climb up onto my back, I have switched off the power pack so the exhaust ports do not burn you.".

I it was only now I noticed the jetpack on his back, it looked like it had little let engines on it, I climbed up and held tight. "Well, ugh...you guys are going to climb the wall, shouldn't you guys have a rope or something?".

Fjord chuckled a little, "no lass, we can handle this little obstacle all on our own.", enabling his own set of claws, the three had made a running start to the Wall's surface. All ready clearing 10 feet up the concrete barrier.

Suddenly, someone shouts from the other side.

"HAULT! PASSWORD!", the voice commanded.

No one knew what to say or do.....I had begun to worry.

"YOUR MOTHER!", unsurprisingly Fjord had the perfect response.

The sound of scuffling metal plating quickly making it's way to the top, loud exacerbated huffing and a yellow helmet peaking furiously from the top.

"PASSWORD REJECTED!", the yellow armored man then pointed a shockingly large gun at Fjord. The second the trigger was fired, that same horrifying blast erupted from the barrel like a high-speed rocket. Nearly hitting Fjord.

Dodging with unnatural grace and speed, Fjord quickly climbed up before and tackled the guard, both falling back behind the wall.

Judging from the time it took to hear a THUD, they may have fell rough 25 feet down.

I was still recovering from the shots fired, I turn to see a crater on the side of the wall where Fjord had dodged what I assumed was a missile. "FJORD! Oh crap is he ok?!".

Toke and Sten quicken their pace up the wall.

"Do not worry about him, the fall will knock some sense in him.", Toke clawed at the concrete.

As soon as the three have reached the top of the wall, we were met with several of them pointing guns at our direction....and one big furious looking guy with greyed hair was staring daggers at us.

"STEN! YOU TAKE ONE MORE STEP WITH THAT MORTAL CIVILIAN HERE AND I WILL PUT YOUR IDIOT BROTHER DOWN!", he points to Fjord pinned down to the ground by two other Marines, trying to bite their hands.

Sten and Toke had locked it up.

"You know just as well as I do that killing another Astartes is not deeply frowned upon, and in our current circumstance....an act of heresy on its own!", Sten stood his ground, but I can tell he was trying to cooperate.

I was starting to feel guilty for being in this mess, "Sten what's going on?".

"Do not fret, Aldercon is just a little more cautious than the rest of us ....", he tried to assure me, however I've been in enough situations to know that stare of his had a history.

End of Log 6

@kit-williams @barn-anon

[olshuck]

( Project notes from Alex Wesker on Blaec )

UMBRELLA EUROPE — INTERNAL LOG PROJECT: FENRIR LEAD RESEARCHER: Alex Wesker SUBJECT ID: SHUCK-001 REAL NAME: Blaec Shaw VIRUS STRAIN: T-Phobos Variant – Type B (Canid Genome Hybridization) Clearance: LEVEL 5 – EYES ONLY

[ENTRY #01 : APRIL 17, 2001]

The subject arrived under Argus custody this morning. Male, 27. Anglo-European. Former Royal Marine. No surviving family, no known associates. Precisely the kind of ghost we need. Initial assessments confirm high cortical stress tolerance and abnormally stable hormonal response under fear conditions. No visible reaction during simulated execution exercise. Promising.

[ENTRY #06: APRIL 23, 2001]

T-Phobos uptake is successful. Shaw’s bloodwork shows a mutation threshold 42% higher than control group baselines. I’ve authorized cross-sequencing with Cerberus spinal RNA. Neural fusion is holding. His body accepts the parasite without immediate rejection but the real question is whether his mind will crack. Fear must be the trigger. Fear must create the god.

[ENTRY #11: MAY 5, 2001]

He attacked a technician today. Trigger: auditory stimulus linked to prior trauma. Fear response was minimal, but cortical spikes indicated rage-shift thresholds. He’s adapting faster than I anticipated. Not breaking, not mutating, but evolving. That isn’t obedience. That’s instinct. He thinks he's still human. Amusing.

[ENTRY #14: MAY 19, 2001]

Stage 2 transformation documented. Subject entered a high-stress chamber and engaged two modified Cerberus units. He shifted. Not entirely. Jaw structure expanded. Thoracic mass increased. Limbs elongated. Not mindless. methodical. He killed them and reverted within thirty minutes. His recovery time is remarkable. I am so close to perfecting emotional modulation as a weapon vector. Imagine an army that only changes when afraid and cannot die until it does.

[ENTRY #17: JUNE 3, 2001]

He’s resisting protocol. Passive conditioning has failed. Subject avoids transformation unless in true danger. Even under sedatives, his autonomic systems dampen fear spikes. It's almost as if the virus can’t force him. It must negotiate with him. That wasn’t part of the design.

[ENTRY #20: JUNE 10, 2001]

Subject SHUCK is no longer viable for centralized control. He is not a weapon. He is a predator. The T-Phobos strain in him has fused with his identity in ways I did not anticipate. Emotionally bonded to the mutation. No longer sees it as separate. This is not failure. It's a deviation. I have archived his data under "Contingency Bioform , Type Lupus." If he escapes, he will seek infection like prey.

[LAST ENTRY: JULY 2, 2002 | RED FLAGGED]

Containment breach during neural-resync trial. Subject entered Feral State Phase III. Two staff killed. Biohazard fire in Wing B. Site auto-lock failed. I do not believe this was an accident. He knew how to reach the sub-basement. How to disable backup power. He planned it.

The hound is loose. And worse, he remembers what we did to him.

– A.W.

[helix-enterprises117]

Halo Reloaded: TV Show

The bustling heart of the Marathon Infinity's cafeteria is filled with the aroma of rehydrated eggs somehow always battled to a stalemate against the scent of industrial-grade coffee, the day's entertainment was in full swing. The room, usually a cacophony of clattering trays and grumbled complaints about MREs, had transformed into a makeshift theater. Its audience: a motley crew of Spartan-IIs, lounging in their sleek, almost-too-tight compression suits, and marines, whose fatigues seemed to have absorbed as much grease as valor, were united in their rapt attention to "SPARTANS," the galaxy's guiltiest pleasure.

"Man, oh man," a marine muttered, his eyes wide as dinner plates as an actor, decked out in a Spartan suit so shiny it would give the sun a complex, executed a leap that defied physics. "If I tried that, I'd need a new pair of knees."

Beside him, Kelly, her arms folded in a way that suggested she could bench press a Warthog if she felt like it, snorted. "Cute jump. Reminds me of my warm-up routine."

This elicited a round of snickers from the table, a sound that mingled with the crunch of someone bravely attempting to masticate the cafeteria's excuse for bread.

Just as another impossibly muscular Spartan on screen began a monologue about the "heart of a warrior," the room's metal door slid open with a hiss that sounded suspiciously like it was judging everyone's life choices. In strode John, fully armored as if he’d just mistaken the cafeteria for a warzone. Or perhaps he knew exactly what kind of warzone a cafeteria could be.

The remote control, previously the subject of an intense, silent battle of wills, was suddenly the hottest potato in the room. It flew from hand to hand, each marine trying not to be the last one holding it when the music stopped, so to speak. The channel switched with a speed that would make a Covenant Elite nod in respect—goodbye, dramatic reenactments of Spartan heroics, hello, galactic weather report.

"Nice timing, Chief," Fred said, a grin in his voice that his face couldn't quite make, given the situation. "We were just... um, studying... atmospheric conditions. Yep."

John paused, his helmeted head turning so slowly you'd think he was auditioning for a role in the next horror vid. Then, from within the confines of his helmet, a sound emerged—a chuckle. It was a sound so rare and unexpected that it might as well have been a unicorn tap-dancing across the table.

"As long as it’s not predicting rain on the parade, we're good," John’s voice, modulated but unmistakably amused, filled the room.

A collective exhale, sounding suspiciously like relief, whooshed through the cafeteria. Chairs scooted back as everyone relaxed, the threat of a Spartan critique apparently averted.

John made his way over, armor clanking with each step, the sound a stark reminder of the difference between the person and the persona. He pulled up a chair with the ease of a man who regularly bench-pressed fate itself.

"You know," he started, the casual tone almost jarring coming from the galaxy’s most decorated supersoldier, "I caught a bit of that show once. They got my armor color all wrong."

"That’s your beef with it?" Linda chimed in, leaning back with a smirk that could cut glass. "Not the part where you single-handedly arm-wrestled a Hunter?"

"Wait, that wasn’t a documentary?" another marine piped up, the mock seriousness in his voice drawing a round of hearty laughs from the group.

Just another day on the life of the UNSC...

[f-yeahimpalass]

Jon Moss and the 510SS at ImpalaFest 2000.

Engine: 508.7 cu.-in. (8.4-liter) cast-iron OHV marine V8 Horsepower: 546 @ 5500 RPM Torque: 610 ft.-lb. @ 4000 RPM Bore: 4.5 in. (114.3mm) Stroke: 4.0 in. (101.6mm) Compression Ratio: 9.6:1 GM-SPO modified W-port aluminum cylinder heads Manley 2.25-in. stainless steel intake valves Manley 1.88-in. stainless steel exhaust valves Crane valve springs, stem seals, retainers and keepers Crane aluminum roller rocker arms and studs Crane hydraulic roller camshaft, intake: 226° duration, .587-in. lift, exhaust: 234° duration, .610-in. lift Speed Pro hydraulic roller followers CV Products push rods, Crane guide plates Wiseco forged flattop pistons Wiseco piston rings, top: 1/16 in. moly, middle: 1/16-in. cast, oil: 3/16-in. chrome faced Speed Pro roller timing set Arizona Speed & Marine dual 58mm throttle bores K&N dual air filter assembly AC Rochester 4.8 grams-per-second port fuel injectors SX Performance 80 gal.-per-hour frame-mounted fuel pump and high-flow filter SX Performance 43.5-psi fuel pressure regulator Wheel To Wheel stainless steel 4-into-1 2-in. tubular headers, 3-in. collectors and exhaust pipes Walker dual Super Turbo mufflers Transmission: GM Powertrain/Hydra-matic Motorsports heavy-duty 4-speed automatic, diesel-application transmission control module, gear ratios: FIRST 2.482 SECOND 1.482 THIRD 1.0 FOURTH 0.750:1 Drive: Dana 60 center housing with fabricated axle tubes, Dyno-Tech 3.5-in.-dia. x .83-in. wall steel tube driveshaft, Dana-Spicer 1350 Series U-joints, 4.10:1 Dana Torque-Lok limited-slip differential, Strange Engineering axle shafts Wheelbase: 115.9 in. Track, f/r: 62.3/62.7 in. Weight: 4424 pounds Suspension, front: A-arms, coil springs (lowered 2 in.), Bilstein adjustable shock absorbers, 32mm hollow stabilizer bar Suspension, rear: Solid axle, coil springs (lowered 2.5 in.), Bilstein adjustable shock absorbers, 4 trailing links, 29mm hollow stabilizer bar, torque arm boxed with .083-in. steel plate Brakes: 4-wheel discs with ABS, Brembo 6-piston front calipers, Wilwood adjustable proportioning valve Wheels: Boyd's, f: 17 x 9.5 in., r: 17 x 13 in. Tires: Michelin XGT-Z, f: 275/40ZR17, r: 335/35ZR17 

[uae-valves]

Control valve supplier in Dubai

UAE Valves is one of the top Control Valve Supplier in Dubai. A control valve is a mechanical device used in various industrial processes to regulate the flow of fluids, such as gas, steam, or liquid, through a pipeline or duct. It achieves this regulation by adjusting the size of the flow passage according to signals received from a controller.

Control valves are crucial components in systems requiring precise control of flow rate, pressure, temperature, or liquid level. They are widely used in industries such as oil and gas, chemical processing, power generation, and water treatment.

Working Principle:

The working principle of a control valve is straightforward. In an industrial setting, a control valve adjusts the size of an opening to control the flow of fluid through a pipeline. When the valve is fully open, it allows maximum flow, and when fully closed, it stops the flow completely. Between these extremes, the valve can be precisely adjusted to allow a specific amount of fluid to pass through.

This adjustment is typically performed automatically based on signals from a controller, which monitors conditions such as pressure, temperature, or flow rate. Essentially, a control valve acts like a gatekeeper, regulating the flow of fluid to meet the system's requirements.

Parts of a Control Valve:

Valve Body: The main structure that contains the fluid and through which the fluid flows.

Actuator: A device that moves or controls the valve's mechanism, often powered by air, electricity, or hydraulic fluid.

Closure Element: The component that makes contact with the seat to restrict or allow flow.

Trim: Internal components such as the plug, seat, and stem that modulate the flow.

Seat: A surface against which the closure element seals to stop flow.

Positioner: A device that adjusts the valve actuator's position based on control signals.

Bonnet: The top part of the valve body that houses the stem and provides a seal.

Yoke: A support structure that holds the actuator in place and connects it to the valve body.

Stem: A rod that connects the actuator to the closure element and transmits motion.

Packing: Material that provides a seal around the stem to prevent fluid leakage.

Advantages:

Precisely controls the amount of fluid passing through a system.

Maintains the desired pressure levels within the system.

Helps maintain a stable temperature by regulating fluid flow.

Reduces energy consumption by optimizing fluid flow.

Enhances system performance by maintaining consistent operating conditions.

Prevents system overpressure and potential hazards.

Easily adjustable for various operating conditions.

Allows for control from a distance and integration into automated systems.

Designed for durability and ease of maintenance.

Ensures consistent production quality by maintaining optimal conditions.

Meets industry standards and regulatory requirements.

Industries Using Control Valves:

Control valves are used across numerous industries, including nuclear power, oil and gas, power generation, manufacturing and process industries, automotive, aerospace, mining and minerals processing, water treatment and distribution, pulp and paper, refining, marine, renewable energy, chemical and petrochemical, and steel and metal processing. These valves play a critical role in ensuring operational efficiency, safety, and compliance within these diverse sectors.

Types of Control Valves:

Three-way control valve

Cage type control valve

Double seat control valve

O type shutoff control valve

Single seat control valve

Water control valve

Globe control valve

Angle type control valve

We are a Control Valve Supplier in Dubai, supplying valves in the following descriptions:

Available Materials: Stainless Steel (SS316, SS304), Ductile Iron, Super Duplex (F51, F53, F55), Cast Iron (WCB, WCC, WC6), LCC, LCB

Class: 150 to 2500

Nominal Pressure: PN10 to PN450

Medium: Air, Water, Chemical, Steam, Oil

Operations: Electro Pneumatic Operated and Pneumatic Operated

Size: 1/2” – 24”

Ends: Butt Weld, Flanged, Threaded, Socket Weld

Electric Actuator Details:

Torque: 3 – 9 nm

Operating Pressure: 8 Bar

Port Connection: NPT 1.4”

Mounting Base: ISO 5211

Temperature: -20°C to +80°C

Configuration of a Pneumatic Actuator:

Torque: 3 – 9000 nm

Operating Pressure: 8 Bar

Port Connection: NPT 1.4”

Mounting Base: ISO 5211

Temperature: -20°C to +80°C

Temperature Ranges:

Standard: -4°F to 200°F (-20°C to 93°C)

Low: -40°F to 176°F (-40°C to 80°C)

High: 0°F to 300°F (-18°C to 149°C)

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[auto2mation1]

Trend Iq221-400008 Controller Module Iq221/Unb/230V - Auto2mation

The Trend IQ221-400008 Controller Module IQ221/UNB/230V is a reliable and compact solution for smart building control systems. Designed to deliver efficient energy management, this module supports seamless integration with HVAC and other building automation applications. Its user-friendly setup makes installation and maintenance simple. Operating at 230V, it ensures stable performance and long-term durability. Ideal for commercial and industrial use, the IQ221 controller helps optimize energy usage while maintaining comfort. Trusted by professionals, it’s a smart choice for modern automation needs. Buy the Trend IQ221-400008 Controller Module now from Auto2mation – your trusted source for industrial automation products.

[educationtech]

Impact of Digital Signal Processing in Electrical Engineering - Arya College

Arya College of Engineering & I.T is the best college of Jaipur, Digital SignalProcessing (DSP) has become a cornerstone of modern electrical engineering, influenced a wide range of applications and driven significant technological advancements. This comprehensive overview will explore the impact of DSP in electrical engineering, highlighting its applications, benefits, and emerging trends.

Understanding Digital Signal Processing

Definition and Fundamentals

Digital Signal Processing involves the manipulation of signals that have been converted into a digital format. This process typically includes sampling, quantization, and various mathematical operations to analyze and modify the signals. The primary goal of DSP is to enhance the quality and functionality of signals, making them more suitable for various applications.

Key components of DSP include:

Analog-to-Digital Conversion (ADC): This process converts analog signals into digital form, allowing for digital manipulation.

Digital Filters: These algorithms are used to enhance or suppress certain aspects of a signal, such as noise reduction or frequency shaping.

Fourier Transform: A mathematical technique that transforms signals from the time domain to the frequency domain, enabling frequency analysis.

Importance of DSP in Electrical Engineering

DSP has revolutionized the way engineers approach signal processing, offering numerous advantages over traditional analog methods:

Precision and Accuracy: Digital systems can achieve higher precision and reduce errors through error detection and correction algorithms.

Flexibility: DSP systems can be easily reprogrammed or updated to accommodate new requirements or improvements, making them adaptable to changing technologies.

Complex Processing Capabilities: Digital processors can perform complex mathematical operations that are difficult to achieve with analog systems, enabling advanced applications such as real-time image processing and speech recognition.

Applications of Digital Signal Processing

The versatility of DSP has led to its adoption across various fields within electrical engineering and beyond:

1. Audio and Speech Processing

DSP is extensively used in audio applications, including:

Audio Compression: Techniques like MP3 and AAC reduce file sizes while preserving sound quality, making audio files easier to store and transmit.

Speech Recognition: DSP algorithms are crucial for converting spoken language into text, enabling voice-activated assistants and transcription services.

2. Image and Video Processing

In the realm of visual media, DSP techniques enhance the quality and efficiency of image and video data:

Digital Image Processing: Applications include noise reduction, image enhancement, and feature extraction, which are essential for fields such as medical imaging and remote sensing.

Video Compression: Standards like H.264 and HEVC enable efficient storage and streaming of high-definition video content.

3. Telecommunications

DSP plays a vital role in modern communication systems:

Modulation and Demodulation: DSP techniques are used in encoding and decoding signals for transmission over various media, including wireless and optical networks.

Error Correction: Algorithms such as Reed-Solomon and Turbo codes enhance data integrity during transmission, ensuring reliable communication.

4. Radar and Sonar Systems

DSP is fundamental in radar and sonar applications, where it is used for:

Object Detection: DSP processes signals to identify and track objects, crucial for air traffic control and maritime navigation.

Environmental Monitoring: Sonar systems utilize DSP to analyze underwater acoustics for applications in marine biology and oceanography.

5. Biomedical Engineering

In healthcare, DSP enhances diagnostic and therapeutic technologies:

Medical Imaging: Techniques such as MRI and CT scans rely on DSP for image reconstruction and analysis, improving diagnostic accuracy.

Wearable Health Monitoring: Devices that track physiological signals (e.g., heart rate, glucose levels) use DSP to process and interpret data in real time.

Trends in Digital Signal Processing

As technology evolves, several trends are shaping the future of DSP:

1. Integration with Artificial Intelligence

The convergence of DSP and AI is leading to smarter systems capable of learning and adapting to user needs. Machine learning algorithms can enhance traditional DSP techniques, enabling more sophisticated applications in areas like autonomous vehicles and smart home devices.

2. Increased Use of FPGAs and ASICs

Field-Programmable Gate Arrays (FPGAs) and Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) are increasingly used for implementing DSP algorithms. These technologies offer high performance and efficiency, making them suitable for real-time processing in demanding applications such as telecommunications and multimedia.

3. Internet of Things (IoT)

The proliferation of IoT devices is driving demand for efficient DSP solutions that can process data locally. This trend emphasizes the need for low-power, high-performance DSP algorithms that can operate on resource-constrained devices.

4. Cloud-Based DSP

Cloud computing is transforming how DSP is implemented, allowing for scalable processing power and storage. This shift enables complex signal processing tasks to be performed remotely, facilitating real-time analysis and data sharing across devices.

Conclusion

Digital Signal Processing has significantly impacted electrical engineering, enhancing the quality and functionality of signals across various applications. Its versatility and adaptability make it a critical component of modern technology, driving innovations in audio, image processing, telecommunications, and biomedical fields. As DSP continues to evolve, emerging trends such as AI integration, IoT, and cloud computing will further expand its capabilities and applications, ensuring that it remains at the forefront of technological advancement. The ongoing development of DSP technologies promises to enhance our ability to process and utilize information in increasingly sophisticated ways, shaping the future of engineering and technology.

[grislyeye]

The Shiftless Horror of Mothership

The PCs have been recruited by a secretive organisation called Continued Existence (CONT/EXT for short). CONT/EXT’s mission is to ensure humanity can survive an Outside Context Event (OCE), such as a catastrophic solar event. Or, in this case, an encounter with a hostile alien threat.

CONT/EXT, by me.

This post evolved out of a self-essay I wrote while developing CONT/EXT. It turned up some interesting ideas on world design, horror, institutions and British sci-fi, so I present my (incomplete) thoughts here.

At the edges of CONT/EXT is the institution after which the module is named. What kind of organisation is CONT/EXT, and what is its place in a game like Mothership?

Shiftless

In Alien (1979) the protagonists are not scientists or explorers, they are workers on what is, effectively, a giant piece of industrial machinery, employed as precarious contractors, apathetic to the wonders of space, resentful and perhaps a little bit bored, and who only reluctantly respond to that fateful distress signal.

In my mind the characters from Alien seemed working class but, looking through the cast list, actually a lot of them are officers, of one form or another. Distinctly middle-class occupations.

Alien is, of course, the foundational work of Mothership, but it is also a uniquely British vision. Produced by Twentieth Century-Fox’s British production subsidiary, filmed in England and the directorial product of Tyneside son, Ridley Scott. It is clearly inspired by Scott's early life growing up in the industrial North.

We see in it the beginning of a distinctly British strain of "shiftless" or "grubby" science fiction that focuses on the less aspirational elements of the genre (which I've touched on before). In shiftless science fiction space is not a vista for exploration, it's a job, and a dangerous, boring one at that. Research, exploration: these are luxuries of the upper classes.

Similarly, in Mothership we have teamsters and marines, not Jedi knights or astronauts. Our crews begin in debt and are primarily motivated by the need to pay off these dues.

By playing off the elements of high-concept science fiction against the grubby lives of its protagonists, shiftless sci-fi lends an air of social realism and grittiness more suitable to the gloomy outlook of rainy islands sitting at the edge of the grey waters of the Atlantic.

Elements of this "shiftless" or "grubby" science fiction include:

Oppressive. A shiftless universe is full of alien agendas, inhuman forces and the uncaring, physical laws of the universe. Characters are generally victims or proxies of these elements.

Working class. Protagonists tend to be workers, or struggling middle-class at best.

Exploitation. Billionaires dream of reaching space: a limitless void free from physical restrictions and the social forces that bind the rich and protect the vulnerable. The shiftless always keep a cynical eye on such endeavours.

Institutional. All of the above combine into shiftless sci-fi's most common motif: the oppressive institution.

The Inevitable Horror of British Institutions

You know the person who had the greatest positive impact on the environment of this planet? Genghis Khan, because he massacred 40 million people. There was no one to farm the land, forests grew back, carbon was dragged out of the atmosphere. And had this monster not existed, there'd be another billion of us today, jostling for space on this dying planet.

Utopia, 2013

The inhumanity of institutions is a running theme in Mothership. In this case, the inhuman horror of the faceless corporation, which can be as terrifying as the hostile aliens themselves ("You don't see them fucking each other over for a goddamn percentage."). They are terrible for their inevitable, implacable qualities. Weyland-Yutani exists because, well, someone has to monopolise space. Its immensity is too vast for one person to encompass, it can only be controlled by an entity that lives beyond any human span and that can bear the weight of that responsibility regardless of the costs.

In other words, an institution.

We can see hints of implied institutions in the mechanics of Mothership. The marine class implies an interstellar military force of some kind, and a military force of that size implies a larger institution whose interests need protecting by force.

Similarly, the working-class teamster implies that our stratified social structure has migrated to space. If teamsters are organised into a profession, who is doing the organising? Who is writing those contracts? Who is holding those debts?

In sci-fi horror, the threat of an institution is threefold:

Inevitable. The true power of institutions is that something like it must exist. Its function, whether mining spice or managing colonies, is too vital, too complicated or too long-term for any individual to perform, and so there stands the institution, bearing that load.

Utilitarian. It is ruthless in the pursuit of its goals, unconcerned about the human cost. As alien as any parasitic bioweapon. As unfathomable as the vastness of space.

Implacable. Stemming from its inevitability and ruthlessness is its implacability: it cannot be denied. Its needs and wants eclipse any individual, and all must yield.

That last one is important, because the real horror of the institution is not what it will do to us, the horror is what will it make us do.

In many ways, these institutions mirror the forces of the universe itself. Their structures map onto the vast distances between worlds. Their constraints are the speed of light, the Newtonian limits of mass and acceleration, and the interstellar distribution of elements, as determined by the physics of star formation. These "cold equations" are a running theme in British sci-fi horror, from the ecofascism of Utopia (2013) to the cosmic threat of nuclear annihilation that hangs over Cold War techno-thrillers.

And CONT/EXT is part of that horror: it's inhuman ruthlessness. The existential threats to humanity are terrifying, but so are the strategies for survival. Agents of CONT/EXT expose themselves to bizarre alien infections, sacrifice their lives, just to learn something, anything that might give humanity a slim chance to survive impending annihilation. For what? So they might be the last to die? So that their loved ones might have a chance aboard whatever fateful lifeboat CONT/EXT might scramble together?

A survey of fictional British institutions

Examples of notable, fictional institutions from British science fiction that come to mind include:

The Village from The Prisoner.

The Circus (MI6) from Tinker Tailor Soldier Spy.

UNIT from Doctor Who.

The British Experimental Rocket Group from Quatermass.

MI6 from James Bond.

Special Circumstances from the Culture Novels.

We can see they share the following elements:

Eccentricity. A notable tolerance of peculiarity.

Unorthodox. They reward unconventional thinking.

Privileged. In the public school, classically educated sense (evidenced by the ubiquity of characters speaking in cut-glass, English accents).

Exclusive. Secret organisations are selective by their nature but, of course, British organisations are selective on class.

Secretive. As opposed to secret (more on this below).

Post-War. WW2 seemed to have been an incubator for intelligence organisations and new sciences, and many of the above organisations are all products of war.

Then, there are these qualities, which are common but not ubiquitous:

Military.

Ex-Colonial. Military personnel tend to be remnants of demobbed colonial postings.

Science-led. The institutions tend to post scientists in prominent roles.

Comfortable. Of course, anything related to the British upper-class prioritises comfort, whether that is tea ladies or the luxurious, wood-panelled interiors of gentlemen's clubs.

Parsimonious. Conversely, British institutions often run under tight budgets, especially in the post-war period.

State-sponsored. From chartered companies like the East India Company to British Petroleum, even private institutions are often proxies for state interests.

Hierarchical. Institutions tend to inculcate an obsession with status and rank due to their closed nature.

Colonialism

Of course, British sci-fi and Mothership horror is threaded with colonialism. Look no further than the Weyland-Yutani Corporation. Its ubiquity and orientalism is reminiscent of chartered companies from the "Age of Exploration," such as the East Indian Company. It seems unchallenged in space, a monolith that is at once government and business endeavour, just like the company states that ravaged "the colonies".

Secretive

British institutions seem to be secretive rather than actually secret (in the conspiracy sense). Rather, they abhor scrutiny. This oppressive quality of presence felt but untouchable - inaccessible to those without privilege - is what characterises them.

It's very different from a secret society, which abhors observation altogether. A secretive British institution doesn't need to be secret itself. Its privileged position isolates it from the disadvantages an exposed secret organisation might face.

Perhaps this explains the preponderance of secret societies across the Atlantic: discovery would make them vulnerable to the will of USA democratic checks and balances, so better to remain unseen. No privilege to protect them there, so the thinking goes.

Learnings

This article was research for CONT/EXT, my upcoming britpunk one-shot for Mothership. Please follow or subscribe for updates.

What have we learned and what can we apply to CONT/EXT and, more broadly, to a more British interpretation of Mothership?

Some closing thoughts:

Secretive. CONT/EXT is a conspiracy, but why would it need to operate in secrecy? Total secrecy implies a lot about the setting: primarily that publicity could hamper its operations, which in turn implies that there are public institutions that could do something to stop it. But why would there be? Perhaps CONT/EXT is better as a more oppressive organisation that works in public, perhaps a proxy to state control.

Shiftless. The adventure is set on The Lachesis, a deep space research station studying an alien superstructure but, as we discussed above, scientific research is a bit too aspirational for our tone. I might consider changing the setting to something more workmanlike, perhaps an installation extracting material from the superstructure.

Post-Crisis. If many British organisations are products of the war, perhaps CONT/EXT is a product of some prior catastrophe? It would make sense. Our establishments are reactionary, and might only collaborate in the aftermath of some near brush with extinction.

Parsimonious. CONT/EXT already has a cheap and cheerful flavour, with its 80s blue and orange colour palette, and lo-fi tech. Working for humanity's survival, but on a tight budget. It's already on-theme.

Eccentricity is a key part of British fiction, but we need to treat it carefully here in case it undercuts the horror.

I've got some thinking to do and some edits to make.

[compneuropapers]

Interesting Papers for Week 41, 2024

Exploration, exploitation, and development: Developmental shifts in decision‐making. Blanco, N. J., & Sloutsky, V. M. (2024). Child Development, 95(4), 1287–1298.

A drift diffusion model analysis of age-related impact on multisensory decision-making processes. Bolam, J., Diaz, J. A., Andrews, M., Coats, R. O., Philiastides, M. G., Astill, S. L., & Delis, I. (2024). Scientific Reports, 14, 14895.

Hippocampus and striatum show distinct contributions to longitudinal changes in value-based learning in middle childhood. Falck, J., Zhang, L., Raffington, L., Mohn, J. J., Triesch, J., Heim, C., & Shing, Y. L. (2024). eLife, 12, e89483.3.

Acquisition of non-olfactory encoding improves odour discrimination in olfactory cortex. Federman, N., Romano, S. A., Amigo-Duran, M., Salomon, L., & Marin-Burgin, A. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 5572.

Neurofeedback training can modulate task-relevant memory replay rate in rats. Gillespie, A. K., Astudillo Maya, D., Denovellis, E. L., Desse, S., & Frank, L. M. (2024). eLife, 12, e90944.3.

GABAergic synaptic scaling is triggered by changes in spiking activity rather than AMPA receptor activation. Gonzalez-Islas, C., Sabra, Z., Fong, M., Yilmam, P., Au Yong, N., Engisch, K., & Wenner, P. (2024). eLife, 12, e87753.3.

Shifts in attention drive context-dependent subspace encoding in anterior cingulate cortex in mice during decision making. Hajnal, M. A., Tran, D., Szabó, Z., Albert, A., Safaryan, K., Einstein, M., … Orbán, G. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 5559.

A computational account of transsaccadic attentional allocation based on visual gain fields. Harrison, W. J., Stead, I., Wallis, T. S. A., Bex, P. J., & Mattingley, J. B. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(27), e2316608121.

Perirhinal cortex learns a predictive map of the task environment. Lee, D. G., McLachlan, C. A., Nogueira, R., Kwon, O., Carey, A. E., House, G., … Chen, J. L. (2024). Nature Communications, 15, 5544.

The neuron as a direct data-driven controller. Moore, J. J., Genkin, A., Tournoy, M., Pughe-Sanford, J. L., de Ruyter van Steveninck, R. R., & Chklovskii, D. B. (2024). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 121(27), e2311893121.

Bats integrate multiple echolocation and flight tactics to track prey. Nishiumi, N., Fujioka, E., & Hiryu, S. (2024). Current Biology, 34(13), 2948-2956.e6.

Limb-related sensory prediction errors and task-related performance errors facilitate human sensorimotor learning through separate mechanisms. Oza, A., Kumar, A., Sharma, A., & Mutha, P. K. (2024). PLOS Biology, 22(7), e3002703.

Systemic pharmacological suppression of neural activity reverses learning impairment in a mouse model of Fragile X syndrome. Shakhawat, A. M., Foltz, J. G., Nance, A. B., Bhateja, J., & Raymond, J. L. (2024). eLife, 12, e92543.3.

Prefrontal cortical ripples mediate top-down suppression of hippocampal reactivation during sleep memory consolidation. Shin, J. D., & Jadhav, S. P. (2024). Current Biology, 34(13), 2801-2811.e9.

Preferences reveal dissociable encoding across prefrontal-limbic circuits. Stoll, F. M., & Rudebeck, P. H. (2024). Neuron, 112(13), 2241-2256.e8.

Atypical local and global biological motion perception in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder. Tian, J., Yang, F., Wang, Y., Wang, L., Wang, N., Jiang, Y., & Yang, L. (2024). eLife, 12, e90313.5.

Temporal information in the anterior cingulate cortex relates to accumulated experiences. Wirt, R. A., Soluoku, T. K., Ricci, R. M., Seamans, J. K., & Hyman, J. M. (2024). Current Biology, 34(13), 2921-2931.e3.

Complexity Matters: Normalization to Prototypical Viewpoint Induces Memory Distortion along the Vertical Axis of Scenes. Wu 吴奕忱, Y., & Li 李晟, S. (2024). Journal of Neuroscience, 44(27), e1175232024.

Co-existence of synaptic plasticity and metastable dynamics in a spiking model of cortical circuits. Yang, X., & La Camera, G. (2024). PLOS Computational Biology, 20(7), e1012220.

Perceptual error based on Bayesian cue combination drives implicit motor adaptation. Zhang, Z., Wang, H., Zhang, T., Nie, Z., & Wei, K. (2024). eLife, 13, e94608.3.

[zylcd]

LCD vs OLED: Which Display Technology is Better for Industrial and Consumer Use?

In today’s digital age, choosing the right display technology is critical for both industrial systems and consumer electronics. Two dominant players in the market are LCD (Liquid Crystal Display) and OLED (Organic Light Emitting Diode) technologies. While both offer exceptional visual experiences, they serve different purposes depending on application, budget, and performance requirements.

1. Structure and Functionality

An LCD screen works by using a backlight that shines through a layer of liquid crystals and color filters to produce images. Since lcd panels rely on external backlighting, they typically consume more power than OLED displays. On the other hand, OLED panels generate their own light at the pixel level, allowing for true blacks, higher contrast ratios, and more vibrant colors.

2. Picture Quality

When it comes to contrast and color accuracy, OLED screens have the upper hand. Because each pixel can turn on or off independently, OLED panels achieve perfect blacks and vivid colors, making them ideal for media consumption and high-end applications.

However, lcd displays have improved significantly with innovations like IPS LCD and TFT LCD display technology. These enhancements offer wide viewing angles, faster response times, and sharper image quality, making modern lcd screen displays very competitive, especially in industrial environments where durability matters more than perfect contrast.

3. Durability and Longevity

Industrial users often prefer lcd display modules because they are more durable and less prone to burn-in—a problem that OLED displays can face over time. For static images like HMI controls or dashboards, an lcd module is generally the safer, more reliable choice.

Additionally, lcd panels often last longer in environments where constant high brightness is required, as OLED brightness tends to diminish faster. For sectors like medical imaging, factory automation, and marine control systems, the dependable performance of lcd screens outweighs the slightly superior visual performance of OLED panels.

4. Cost and Availability

LCD screens are generally more affordable to produce and purchase. This cost-efficiency makes lcd display panels the preferred option for budget-conscious industrial and commercial applications. OLED panels, although dropping in price, are still typically reserved for premium smartphones, TVs, and high-end automotive displays.

The flexibility of lcd tft modules also allows for easier integration with components like lcd controller boards, touch panels, and various interface types such as LVDS or HDMI, further reinforcing their popularity in embedded systems and OEM production.

5. Customization and Application

While OLED panels offer futuristic design options with bendable or foldable displays, lcd screen modules offer extensive customization options. From 7-inch lcd screens to wide-format industrial panels, the lcd display remains the most adaptable choice for integrators needing tailored solutions.

For more LCD display information,click Here.

[aeliya888]

Driving the Future: ABB's Role in Industrial and Marine Automation

The current rapidly changing industrial and marine industries, automation has become a mandatory thing and not a luxury. It is all about efficiency, safety and sustainability, be it the optimization of a production line or route guide of a mammoth cargo shipping through international waters. ABB is at the head of this automation revolution being the global leader of modern technologies in automation and electrification solutions.

By now, having more than several decades of innovation experience, ABB is a trusted name in fields as diverse as oil & gas and shipbuilding or power generation and process industries. Its automation products, control systems, drives and sensors are not only robust and smart but also are capable of withstanding most challenging industrial and marine environments.

What is ABB?

ABB (Asea Brown Boveri) is a Swiss/Swedish multinational business enterprise that has its center in Zurich, Switzerland. It concentrates in robotics, power, heavy electrical equipments, and automation technologies. ABB works in over 100 countries across the world and is a globally acknowledged leader regarding automation and digitalization.

ABB provides solution end to end in the industrial and maritime sector such as:

1. ProgrammableLogicControllers (PLC)

2. Human-Machine Interfaces (HMIs)

3. Variable Frequency Drives (VFDs)

4. Safety Relays

5. Soft Starters

6. Circuit Breakers certified by marines

7. Remote I/O Modules

8. Smart Motor Starters

9. Status Monitors & Control Boards

Key Features of ABB Products in Automation:

1. Harsh Environment Reliability ABB products were designed to operate in the most demanding temperatures and humidity, vibrations, and electrostatic (EM) environments, which fit perfectly inside industrial facilities, as well as on board ships.

2. Designs that are Modular & Scalable ABB automation systems are modular systems such as AC500 PLC series thus scalable to small machineries or a large multi-line operation.

3. Energy Efficiency The ABB energy-efficient motors and intelligent power monitors allow industries and marine operators to substantially charge less energy with energy-saving motors and intelligent power monitoring devices.

4. State of the art Excellence in Safety and Compliance ABB products are known to meet international standards of safety (IEC, UL, DNV-GL, ABS) because they provide machine and crew safety both on ships and factory floors.

5. Digital Integration and IoT ABB Ability platform enables any device in its portfolio to be integrated in IoT systems to be constantly monitored, remotely controlled, and maintain previsions.

6. Long — term Availability and Support ABB guarantees the long-term availability of their products and global support by means of a vast network of resources which is paramount in terms of marine and off-shore applications.

Applications of ABB in Marine Automation:

Engine Room Automation: ABB marine-approved PLCs, drives, and HMI systems to control lubrication, fuel and engine performance.

2. Propulsion & Thruster Systems: VFDs and soft starters also assist in easy control of the propulsion and maneuverability.

3. Power Management Systems (PMS): Power protection systems ABB makes relays and other circuit protection devices that maintain an optimum power distribution and same share of the load.

4. Navigation & Bridge Systems: ABB sensors and monitoring interfaces incorporated to radar, GPS and control systems.

5. Ballast Water Management: ABB automation is useful to make the intake and discharge of water safe and compliant in marine ecosystems.

Applications of ABB in Industrial Automation:

Manufacturing Lines: ABB PLCs, sensors, and Valve flexible drives automate packaging, assembly, and handling materials of materials to have a greater throughput.

2. Process Industries: Within oil & gas, chemical and pharma, ABB control systems are used to control the processes accurately, thus reducing wastage.

3. Power Plants: ABB supply circuit breakers, transformers, and control relays to improve circuit stability and reliability.

4. Water Treatment: ABB drives and control modules used in automating pump, valves and filtration systems.

ABB is a light of innovation and excellence in relation to industrial automation and marine use. ABB has an extensive catalog, care about safety and desire to be sustainable, which is why the company is the preferred brand of engineers, plant managers, and ship operators across the globe.

The intelligence, durability, and flexibility you may require in the future will be provided by ABB whether you are establishing a production line or whether you are automating the power system in a vessel.

[zjhjsi]

HJSI Cable Gland Adaptors for Electrical Cabinet Flexibility

In electrical panels, junction boxes, and control cabinets, the Cable Gland Adaptor serves as a versatile connector that ensures proper interface between mismatched gland threads and enclosure ports. Appearing mid-sentence again, the Cable Gland Adaptor enables flexible transitions between metric, PG, or NPT threads, simplifying installation without compromising sealing performance. Zhejiang Hongjuesi Connectors (HJSI) offers a broad range of adaptors tailored for diverse cable gland configurations and field applications.

In practice, engineers and installers frequently encounter incompatible threads during equipment integration. An enclosure with a PG-threaded hole may require a metric cable gland, or a sensor box designed with NPT threads may need to accept metric components. Rather than drilling new holes or replacing enclosures, adaptors offer a time-saving, secure, and IP-compliant solution. HJSI’s cable gland adaptors are precisely machined to provide mechanical integrity and sealing reliability across connection points.

In automation and control systems, where modularity and fast installation are key, cable gland adaptors facilitate faster retrofitting. For example, when control panels are shipped globally, regional preferences for thread types can vary. Adaptors provide the flexibility to install the preferred gland type on standard enclosures without reconfiguring the design. This makes them valuable in export-oriented manufacturing, control cabinet assembly, and field service operations.

Marine and offshore electrical systems face additional challenges such as vibration, salt exposure, and corrosion. Cable gland adaptors made from corrosion-resistant brass or stainless steel help bridge connections between sealed glands and housings while maintaining tight IP ratings. HJSI’s adaptors are available with nickel-plated surfaces for enhanced durability and smooth threading during high-torque installations.

In industrial HVAC systems, large air handling units often require sensors, motors, and controllers to be connected through flexible conduits. When the available thread types do not match conduit glands or strain relief fittings, adaptors ensure safe and compliant routing. HJSI provides metric-to-PG and PG-to-NPT adaptors in both reducing and enlarging variants, allowing engineers to match multiple components while keeping everything sealed and vibration-resistant.

A particularly useful application is in LED street lighting poles and smart lamp systems. Retrofitting older poles often involves mismatched thread standards on junction boxes and lighting modules. By using a cable gland adaptor, electricians can fit modern waterproof cable glands into legacy housings, ensuring environmental protection and mechanical stability without having to reengineer the mounting points. HJSI adaptors maintain IP66–IP68 sealing when used with compatible glands.

In heavy equipment such as mining machines or construction vehicles, wiring systems are frequently exposed to dynamic loads, shocks, and variable ambient temperatures. Adaptors help when modifying wiring interfaces or adding new components to control systems. HJSI adaptors are designed with fine thread finishes and precise tolerances, supporting both high vibration resistance and simple manual installation on site.

Additionally, in photovoltaic systems, combiner boxes or inverters might require multiple types of cable glands based on cable diameters or connector requirements. Cable gland adaptors enable multiple thread formats to coexist in a standardized enclosure, enhancing installation efficiency while preserving grounding paths and waterproof characteristics. HJSI offers adaptors in compact and low-profile designs suitable for tight installation zones.

Whether for indoor control enclosures, outdoor lighting, marine systems, or renewable energy, the Cable Gland Adaptor provides essential flexibility in cable management. Zhejiang Hongjuesi Connectors offers precision-engineered adaptors that meet international standards and integrate easily into your existing infrastructure. For more information, visit: https://www.metalcableglands.com/product/ .