#Solar_Systems
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The unexpected discovery has given rise to new theories about the mechanism by which phosphorus is formed without the outbursts of massive stars. The origin of life from “organic soup” is a complex process. This requires many different components assembled in one place and under the right conditions. Although the exact conditions are still a matter of debate, scientists have an idea of what elements of the periodic table are needed. One important component is phosphorus, which was recently discovered on the outskirts of the Milky Way. The presence of this element among others is considered necessary for the formation of basic biochemical molecules. Therefore, the presence of phosphorus determines the boundaries of habitable zones in galaxies. Phosphorus is typically produced by the death of massive stars, making its presence at the outskirts of a galaxy a rare occurrence. However, the recent discovery of phosphorus in this area suggests that other mechanisms for its formation may exist. [caption id="attachment_85298" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Milky Way galaxy[/caption] “Phosphorus is an element that requires a special, catastrophic event to form. According to popular belief, phosphorus is formed as a result of supernova explosions of stars with a mass of at least 20 solar masses. They are the source of strong energetic emissions and a series of nucleosynthesis reactions that form not only phosphorus, but also many other heavy elements,” says astronomer and chemist Lucy Ziouris, who works at Arizona State University and Steward Observatory. This is the generally accepted view, and the discovery of phosphorus far from massive stars or supernova remnants suggests that there are other ways this element can be formed. All the elements we see around us are formed in stars. After the formation of the first atoms of the Universe from the primordial plasma, the atoms were mainly composed of hydrogen and helium, and all other elements appeared after the birth of the first stars. Stars play an important role in the fusion and combination of atoms in their cores, resulting in the formation of heavier elements. On the outskirts of the Milky Way galaxy The formation of elements in a star depends on its mass. Stars are the size of our Sun and are smaller able to support reactions that create light elements such as lithium and beryllium when hydrogen and helium combine. More massive stars can produce heavier elements such as oxygen and nitrogen. However, phosphorus is not produced during such reactions inside the star. Supernova explosions, accompanied by the death of massive stars, are one of the known mechanisms for the origin of phosphorus. Flares eject elements into space, scattering astromaterials into the interstellar medium, where they can be absorbed by new generations of stars, as well as comets and planets. Massive stars can only form in regions where there is enough material to feed them. As you move away from the center of the galaxy, the density of matter decreases - the outskirts of galaxies are usually populated by massive stars. So the presence of phosphorus in a cloud called WB89-621, located about 74,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way, poses a mystery to astrochemists. “The discovery of phosphorus at the edge of the galaxy raises questions and adds an additional piece to our puzzle. The presence of phosphorus in this area suggests that the process of its formation is more complex and is not limited only to supernova explosions,” explains chemist Liliya Koelemey, collaborating with Arizona State University. There are two main explanations for this phenomenon. One of them is associated with the “galactic fountain” model, which assumes the movement of elements from the inner regions of the galaxy to the outer through supernova explosions, ejecting matter from the galactic disk into the halo and its subsequent cooling and return. However, this explanation is questionable, since observational data on galactic fountains is not yet sufficient. Another explanation involves the possibility of phosphorus being formed in the region around the core of less massive stars by capturing neutrons. Here, silicon isotopes can capture additional neutrons to form phosphorus. The discovery of phosphorus on the outskirts of the Milky Way is an exciting and important study, valuable for understanding the formation of life in the Universe. This element is the last of the NCHOPS - nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur - essential building blocks for the emergence of life and which define the habitable zones of a galaxy. Previously, astronomers had not paid much attention to the outskirts of galaxies in search of exoplanets with biomarkers, because they believed that regions far from the center of galaxies did not have enough phosphorus. However, this discovery allows us to expand the scope of searches.
#astronomical_object#astronomy#astrophysics#celestial_body#cosmic_dust#cosmic_exploration#cosmic_structure#galactic_bulge#galactic_center#galactic_disk#galactic_halo#Galaxy#galaxy_classification#interstellar_medium#Milky_Way#Milky_Way_arms#Milky_Way_formation#Milky_Way_observation#Milky_Way_structure#solar_system#spiral_galaxy#stars
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Solar system
Solar system
Where more than billions of small and big bodies are continuously revolving around the sun as the center
Despite having more than billions of small and big bodies, nothing like life has been found anywhere in the solar system without the earth
It is said that the entire solar system is something like a reaction, even the sun
Is the entire solar system something like a reaction
Solar system
Wikipedia
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Solar_System
The sun is a special star that maintains a balanced balance by fusion of hydrogen into helium at its center,
Is our solar system like an atom?
The Bohr or solar system model of the atom states that the atom has a nucleus around which there are many electrons in orbits, which is similar to the solar system.8 February 2022
So this means that all these organismic powers on earth may also be something like a reaction
Is life made up of a reaction
You can even consider cellular reproduction itself to be a complex set of autocatalytic reactions – a key feature of life. “Our research shows that this autocatalytic reaction network known as the formose reaction, which produces a range of sugars, can be coerced into making other compounds needed for RNA synthesis.15 Nov 2023
Ingredients for Life | Why Europa
NASA's Europa Clipper (.gov)
https://europa.nasa.gov › why-europa › ingredients-for-...
Life is abundant on Earth, but we haven’t yet found it anywhere else in the universe. How do we search for life beyond our home planet? Scientists say we should look for three key ingredients that make life possible: liquid water, chemistry, and energy. Also, life takes time to develop. We should look for life on worlds where sufficient time has passed for life to get started.
Jupiter’s icy moon Europa may have these essential ingredients and is as old as Earth. NASA is sending the Europa Clipper spacecraft to conduct a detailed exploration of Europa and investigate whether the icy moon, with its subsurface ocean, has the capability to support life. Understanding Europa’s habitability will help scientists better understand the potential for finding life beyond our planet and guide us in our search.
What is astrobiology?
Astrobiology is the study of the origin, evolution, and distribution of life in the universe. This multidisciplinary field investigates the extremes of life on Earth to inform its search for life in the universe. It encompasses characterizing habitable environments in preparation to search for life. Learn more at NASA Astrobiology ›
Water
Liquid water tops the list of ingredients for life, and Europa has lots of it. Scientists think Europa has a salty ocean beneath its icy crust with about twice as much water than all of Earth's oceans combined. Water dissolves nutrients for organisms to eat, transports important chemicals within living cells, supports metabolism, and allows those cells to get rid of waste. Scientists are confident there's a rocky seafloor at the bottom of Europa’s ocean. Hydrothermal activity could possibly supply chemical nutrients that could support living organisms.
The best evidence that there's an ocean at Europa was gathered by NASA's Galileo spacecraft, which orbited Jupiter from 1995 to 2003. While Europa has no magnetic field of its own, when the Galileo spacecraft made 12 close flybys of Europa, its magnetometer detected a magnetic field within Europa as Jupiter's powerful magnetic field swept past the moon. Scientists think the most likely cause of this magnetic signature is a global ocean of salty water.
Europa's bright, icy surface is unlike anything seen on Earth. It’s the smoothest body in the solar system, with few towering mountains or deep basins. Ridges and grooves crisscross the surface, breaking up the landscape. Many of these features coincide with long, curving streaks that are dark and reddish in color – some stretching across the surface in great arcs over 600 miles (1,000 kilometers) long. Elsewhere, domes, pits, and jumbles of icy blocks hint that warm ice may be rising from deep below.
Europa's surface has signs there may be an ocean beneath it. Images of Europa’s surface show patterns of cracks and ridges that suggest a global ocean allowing for large tides that deform the surface. The largest two impact structures on Europa show concentric patterns, which suggests impacts that may have penetrated through Europa’s ice shell into liquid water. In addition, Europa’s surface geology suggests that warm ice has risen upward through the ice shell, likely from near an ice-ocean interface.
Models also suggest that Europa's icy shell gets stretched and released by the tug of Jupiter's gravity as Europa orbits the giant planet. This squeezing in and out is called tidal flexing, and it creates heat inside Europa. In fact, the tidal flexing is likely creating enough heat inside Europa to maintain the liquid ocean beneath the surface.
Chemistry
Along with water, life as we know it also needs certain chemical elements – the building blocks of life – including carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, phosphorus, and sulfur. These elements are common in the universe and make up 98% of living matter on Earth by combining to form organic molecules essential to life. Scientists think these elements were likely incorporated into Europa as the moon formed. Later, asteroids and comets collided with the moon and may have left more organic materials.
All life on Earth is built from organic molecules, but simply finding organic molecules does not mean these molecules are linked to life. The molecules also can be made in lots of ways that do not involve living organisms. However, finding these types of molecules on Europa would help scientists determine if the ingredients for life have ever existed on the icy moon.
Some of these essential chemical elements may be located within Europa’s icy shell today. Other essential chemical elements may originate from Europa’s core and the weathering of the moon’s rocky interior. Tidal flexing is a heating system that can cycle water and nutrients among the moon's rocky interior, ice shell, and ocean. This could create a watery environment rich with chemistry conducive to life.
Energy
The third ingredient for life is energy. All lifeforms need energy to survive. On Earth, most of that energy comes from the Sun. For example, plants grow and thrive through photosynthesis, a process that converts sunlight into energy. The energy is transferred to humans, animals, and other organisms when the plants are eaten.
But the type of life that might inhabit Europa likely would be powered purely by chemical reactions instead of by photosynthesis, because any life at Europa would exist beneath the ice, where there is no sunlight.
Europa's surface is blasted by radiation from Jupiter. That's a bad thing for life on the surface – it couldn't survive. But the radiation may create fuel for life in an ocean below the surface.
The radiation splits apart water molecules (H2O, made of oxygen and hydrogen) in Europa's extremely tenuous atmosphere. The hydrogen floats away and much of the oxygen stays behind and may bind to other elements. Oxygen is a very reactive element, which means it could potentially be used in chemical reactions that release energy. If the oxygen somehow makes its way to the ocean, it could react with other chemicals to possibly provide chemical energy for microbial life.
Europa’s ocean is also probably in direct contact with warm rock at the seafloor. As Europa revolves around the gas giant, the icy moon’s interior flexes. The flexing forces energy into the moon’s interior, which then seeps out as heat (think of how repeatedly bending a paperclip generates heat). The more the moon’s interior flexes, the more heat is generated.
The interaction with warm rock could supply hydrogen and other chemicals to the ocean. While the energy input for life on Earth comes primarily from the Sun, Europa’s energy input might come from surface chemistry and water-rock interactions on the seafloor.
Also, if Europa’s rocky ocean floor is heated by tidal flexing, that process could potentially be supplying energy in the form of available chemical nutrients in hydrothermal vents. We know this type of process is possible because we see something similar in hydrothermal vents here on Earth. Vents on Earth were first discovered in 1977 on the Galapagos Rift, an area deep in the Pacific Ocean, far from the coast of South America. Since then, many such vent systems have been found on Earth’s ocean floors. The discovery revolutionized our understanding of life on Earth and is considered one of the most important discoveries ever made in ocean science.
Translate Hindi
सौरमंडल
जहां अरबों से अधिक छोटे बड़े पिण्ड जो सूरज को केंद्र बनाकर लगातार घूमे जा रहे है
इतने अरबों से अधिक छोटे बड़े पिण्ड होते हुए भी धरती बिना सौरमंडल की कहीं भी जीवन जैसा कुछ नहीं मिला
कहा जाता है संपूर्ण सौरमंडल ही रिएक्शन जैसा कुछ ही है यहां तक की सूरज भी
क्या संपूर्ण सौरमंडल रिएक्शन जैसा कुछ ही है
सौर मंडल
विकिपीडिया
https://en.wikipedia.org › wiki › Solar_System
सूर्य एक विशिष्ट तारा है जो अपने केंद्र में हाइड्रोजन के हीलियम में संलयन द्वारा संतुलित संतुलन बनाए रखता है,
क्या हमारा सौर मंडल एक परमाणु जैसा है?
परमाणु के बोहर या सौर मंडल मॉडल में कहा गया है कि परमाणु में एक नाभिक होता है जिसके चारों ओर कक्षाओं में कई इलेक्ट्रॉन होते हैं, जो सौर मंडल के समान है।8 फरवरी 2022
तो इसका मतलब है धरती में यह सारे ऑर्गेनिज्म वाली शक्तियां भी शयद रिएक्शन जैसा कुछ ही होगा
क्या जीवन किसी रिएक्शन से ही बने है
आप सेलुलर प्रजनन को भी ऑटोकैटेलिटिक प्रतिक्रियाओं का एक जटिल समूह मान सकते हैं - जीवन की एक प्रमुख विशेषता। "हमारे शोध से पता चलता है कि फॉर्मो��़ प्रतिक्रिया के रूप में जाना जाने वाला यह ऑटोकैटेलिटिक प्रतिक्रिया नेटवर्क, जो कई प्रकार की शर्करा का उत्पादन करता है, को आरएनए संश्लेषण के लिए आवश्यक अन्य यौगिक बनाने के लिए मजबूर किया जा सकता है। 15 नवंबर 2023
जीवन के लिए सामग्री | क्यों यूरोपा
NASA का यूरोपा क्लिपर (.gov)
https://europa.nasa.gov › why-europa › ingredients-for-...
पृथ्वी पर जीवन प्रचुर मात्रा में है, लेकिन हमने इसे अभी तक ब्रह्मांड में कहीं और नहीं पाया है। हम अपने गृह ग्रह से परे जीवन की खोज कैसे करें? वैज्ञानिकों का कहना है कि हमें तीन प्रमुख अवयवों की तलाश करनी चाहिए जो जीवन को संभव बनाते हैं: तरल पानी, रसायन विज्ञान और ऊर्जा। साथ ही, जीवन को विकसित होने में समय लगता है। हमें उन दुनियाओं पर जीवन की तलाश करनी चाहिए जहाँ जीवन शुरू होने के लिए पर्याप्त समय बीत चुका है।
बृहस्पति के बर्फीले चंद्रमा यूरोपा में ये आवश्यक तत्व हो सकते हैं और यह पृथ्वी जितना ही पुराना है। नासा यूरोपा क्लिपर अंतरिक्ष यान को यूरोपा का विस्तृत अन्वेषण करने और यह जांच करने के लिए भेज रहा है कि क्या बर्फीले चंद्रमा, अपने भूमिगत महासागर के साथ, जीवन का समर्थन करने की क्षमता रखता है। यूरोपा की रहने की क्षमता को समझने से वैज्ञानिकों को हमारे ग्रह से परे जीवन खोजने की क्षमता को बेहतर ढंग से समझने और हमारी खोज में मार्गदर्शन करने में मदद मिलेगी।
एस्ट्रोबायोलॉजी क्या है?
एस्ट्रोबायोलॉजी ब्रह्मांड में जीवन की उत्पत्ति, विकास और वितरण का अध्ययन है। यह बहु-विषयक क्षेत्र ब्रह्मांड में जीवन की खोज को सूचित करने के लिए पृथ्वी पर जीवन की चरम सीमाओं की जांच करता है। इसमें जीवन की खोज की तैयारी में रहने योग्य वातावरण की विशेषताएँ शामिल हैं। NASA एस्ट्रोबायोलॉजी पर अधिक जानें ›
पानी
तरल पानी जीवन के लिए सामग्री की सूची में सबसे ऊपर है, और यूरोपा में इसकी बहुत अधिक मात्रा है। वैज्ञानिकों का मानना है कि यूरोपा की बर्फीली परत के नीचे एक नमकीन महासागर है जिसमें पृथ्वी के सभी महासागरों की तुलना में लगभग दोगुना पानी है। पानी जीवों के खाने के लिए पोषक तत्वों को घोलता है, जीवित कोशिकाओं के भीतर महत्वपूर्ण रसायनों का परिवहन करता है, चयापचय का समर्थन करता है, और उन कोशिकाओं को अपशिष्ट से छुटकारा पाने की अनुमति देता है। वैज्ञानिकों को विश्वास है कि यूरोपा के महासागर के तल पर एक चट्टानी समुद्र तल है। हाइड्रोथर्मल गतिविधि संभवतः रासायनिक पोषक तत्वों की आपूर्ति कर सकती है जो जीवित जीवों का समर्थन कर सकती है। यूरोपा में एक महासागर होने का सबसे अच्��ा सबूत नासा के गैलीलियो अंतरिक्ष यान द्वारा एकत्र किया गया था, जिसने 1995 से 2003 तक बृहस्पति की परिक्रमा की थी। हालाँकि यूरोपा का अपना कोई चुंबकीय क्षेत्र नहीं है, जब गैलीलियो अंतरिक्ष यान ने यूरोपा के 12 नज़दीकी फ़्लाईबाई किए, तो इसके मैग्नेटोमीटर ने यूरोपा के भीतर एक चुंबकीय क्षेत्र का पता लगाया क्योंकि बृहस्पति का शक्तिशाली चुंबकीय क्षेत्र चंद्रमा से गुज़रा। वैज्ञानिकों को लगता है कि इस चुंबकीय हस्ताक्षर का सबसे संभावित कारण नमकीन पानी का एक वैश्विक महासागर है। यूरोपा की चमकदार, बर्फीली सतह पृथ्वी पर देखी गई किसी भी चीज़ से अलग है। यह सौर मंडल का सबसे चिकना पिंड है, जिसमें कुछ ही ऊँचे पहाड़ या गहरे बेसिन हैं। रिज और खांचे सतह को काटते हैं, जिससे परिदृश्य टूट जाता है। इनमें से कई विशेषताएँ लंबी, घुमावदार धारियों से मेल खाती हैं जो गहरे और लाल रंग की होती हैं - कुछ सतह पर 600 मील (1,000 किलोमीटर) से ज़्यादा लंबी बड़ी चापों में फैली हुई हैं। दूसरी जगहों पर, गुंबद, गड्ढे और बर्फीले ब्लॉकों के ढेर संकेत देते हैं कि गर्म बर्फ शायद नीचे से ऊपर उठ रही है।
यूरोपा की सतह पर इस बात के संकेत हैं कि इसके नीचे एक महासागर हो सकता है। यूरोपा की सतह की छवियों में दरारें और लकीरें दिखाई देती हैं जो वैश्विक महासागर का सुझाव देती हैं जो सतह को विकृत करने वाले बड़े ज्वार को अनुमति देती हैं। यूरोपा पर सबसे बड़ी दो प्रभाव संरचनाएं संकेंद्रित पैटर्न दिखाती हैं, जो उन प्रभावों का सुझाव देती हैं जो यूरोपा के बर्फ के खोल से होकर तरल पानी में घुस गए होंगे। इसके अलावा, यूरोपा की ���तह के भूविज्ञान से पता चलता है कि गर्म बर्फ बर्फ के खोल से ऊपर की ओर उठी है, संभवतः बर्फ-महासागर इंटरफेस के पास से। मॉडल यह भी सुझाव देते हैं कि यूरोपा का बर्फीला खोल बृहस्पति के गुरुत्वाकर्षण के खिंचाव से फैलता और निकलता है क्योंकि यूरोपा विशाल ग्रह की परिक्रमा करता है। इस निचोड़ को अंदर और बाहर ज्वारीय लचीलापन कहा जाता है, और यह यूरोपा के अंदर गर्मी पैदा करता है। वास्तव में, ज्वारीय लचीलापन संभवतः यूरोपा के अंदर इतनी गर्मी पैदा कर रहा है कि सतह के नीचे तरल महासागर बना रहे। रसायन विज्ञान पानी के साथ-साथ, जैसा कि हम जानते हैं कि जीवन को कुछ रासायनिक तत्वों की भी आवश्यकता होती है - जीवन के निर्माण खंड - जिसमें कार्बन, हाइड्रोजन, नाइट्रोजन, ऑक्सीजन, फॉस्फोरस और सल्फर शामिल हैं। ये तत्व ब्रह्मांड में आम हैं और जीवन के लिए आवश्यक कार्बनिक अणुओं को बनाने के लिए मिलकर पृथ्वी पर 98% जीवित पदार्थ बनाते हैं। वैज्ञानिकों का मानना है कि ये तत्व संभवतः चंद्रमा के बनने के साथ ही यूरोपा में शामिल हो गए होंगे। बाद में, क��षुद्रग्रह और धूमकेतु चंद्रमा से टकराए और संभवतः अधिक कार्बनिक पदार्थ छोड़ गए होंगे। पृथ्वी पर सभी जीवन कार्बनिक अणुओं से बने हैं, लेकिन केवल कार्बनिक अणुओं को खोजने का मतलब यह नहीं है कि ये अणु जीवन से जुड़े हैं। अणुओं को कई तरीकों से भी बनाया जा सकता है जिसमें जीवित जीव शामिल नहीं होते हैं। हालांकि, यूरोपा पर इस प्रकार के अणुओं को खोजने से वैज्ञानिकों को यह निर्धारित करने में मदद मिलेगी कि क्या जीवन के लिए तत्व कभी बर्फीले चंद्रमा पर मौजूद थे। इनमें से कुछ आवश्यक रासायनिक तत्व आज यूरोपा के बर्फीले खोल के भीतर स्थित हो सकते हैं। अन्य आवश्यक रासायनिक तत्व यूरोपा के कोर और चंद्रमा के चट्टानी आंतरिक भाग के अपक्षय से उत्पन्न हो सकते हैं। ज्वारीय लचीलापन एक हीटिंग सिस्टम है जो चंद्रमा के चट्टानी आंतरिक भाग, बर्फ के खोल और महासागर के बीच पानी और पोषक तत्वों को चक्रित कर सकता है। यह जीवन के लिए अनुकूल रसायन से भरपूर जलीय वातावरण बना सकता है।
ऊर्जा
जीवन के लिए तीसरा घटक ऊर्जा है। सभी जीवों को जीवित रहने के लिए ऊर्जा की आवश्यकता होती है। पृथ्वी पर, अधिकांश ऊर्जा सूर्य से आती है। उदाहरण के लिए, पौधे प्रकाश संश्लेषण के माध्यम से बढ़ते और पनपते हैं, एक प्रक्रिया जो सूर्य के प्रकाश को ऊर्जा में परिवर्तित करती है। जब पौधे खाए जाते हैं तो ऊर्जा मनुष्यों, जानवरों और अन्य जीवों में स्थानांतरित हो जाती है।
लेकिन यूरोपा में रहने वाले जीवन का प्रकार संभवतः प्रकाश संश्लेषण के बजाय पूरी तरह से रासायनिक प्रतिक्रियाओं द्वारा संचालित होगा, क्योंकि यूरोपा में कोई भी जीवन बर्फ के नीचे मौजूद होगा, जहाँ सूर्य का प्रकाश नहीं है।
यूरोपा की सतह बृहस्पति से विकिरण द्वारा नष्ट हो जाती है। यह सतह पर जीवन के लिए एक बुरी बात है - यह जीवित नहीं रह सकता। लेकिन विकिरण सतह के नीचे एक महासागर में जीवन के लिए ईंधन बना सकता है।
विकिरण यूरोपा के अत्यंत कमजोर वातावरण में पानी के अणुओं (H2O, ऑक्सीजन और हाइड्रोजन से बना) को अलग करता है। हाइड्रोजन बह जाता है और अधिकांश ऑक्सीजन पीछे रह जाती है और अन्य तत्वों से बंध सकती है। ऑक्सीजन एक बहुत ही प्रतिक्रियाशील तत्व है, जिसका अर्थ है कि इसका उपयोग संभावित रूप से रासायनिक प्रतिक्रियाओं में किया जा सकता है जो ऊर्जा जारी करते हैं। अगर ऑक्सीजन किसी तरह समुद्र में पहुँच जाती है, तो यह अन्य रसायनों के साथ प्रतिक्रिया करके संभवतः सूक्ष्मजीवी जीवन के लिए रासायनिक ऊर्जा प्रदान कर सकती है। यूरोपा का महासागर संभवतः समुद्र तल पर गर्म चट्टान के सीधे संपर्क में भी है। जैसे-जैसे यूरोपा गैस के विशालकाय ग्रह के चारों ओर घूमता है, बर्फीले चंद्रमा का अंदरूनी भाग लचीला होता है। लचीलापन ऊर्जा को चंद्रमा के अंदरूनी भाग में धकेलता है, जो फिर गर्मी के रूप में बाहर निकलता है (सोचें कि कैसे बार-बार पेपरक्लिप को मोड़ने से गर्मी उत्पन्न होती है)। चंद्रमा का अंदरूनी भाग जितना अधिक लचीला होगा, उतनी ही अधिक गर्मी उत्पन्न होगी। गर्म चट्टान के साथ संपर्क महासागर को हाइड्रोजन ��र अन्य रसायनों की आपूर्ति कर सकता है। जबकि पृथ्वी पर जीवन के लिए ऊर्जा इनपुट मुख्य रूप से सूर्य से आता है, यूरोपा का ऊर्जा इनपुट सतह के रसायन विज्ञान और समुद्र तल पर पानी-चट्टान की बातचीत से आ सकता है। इसके अलावा, अगर यूरोपा के चट्टानी महासागर तल को ज्वारीय लचीलेपन से गर्म किया जाता है, तो यह प्रक्रिया संभावित रूप से हाइड्रोथर्मल वेंट में उपलब्ध रासायनिक पोषक तत्वों के रूप में ऊर्जा की आपूर्ति कर सकती है। हम जानते हैं कि इस प्रकार की प्रक्रिया संभव है क्योंकि हम पृथ्वी पर हाइड्रोथर्मल वेंट में कुछ ऐसा ही देखते हैं। पृथ्वी पर वेंट की खोज सबसे पहले 1977 में गैलापागोस रिफ्ट पर की गई थी, जो दक्षिण अमेरिका के तट से दूर प्रशांत महासागर में एक क्षेत्र है। तब से, पृथ्वी के महासागर तल पर ऐसे कई वेंट सिस्टम पाए गए हैं। इस खोज ने पृथ्वी पर जीवन के बारे में हमारी समझ में क्रांति ला दी और इसे महासागर विज्ञान में अब तक की सबसे महत्वपूर्ण खोजों में से एक माना जाता है।
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Texas Solar Panels And Whole House Solar Systems
Texas solar panels and solar systems for whole-house energy savings. PV panels, battery backup, inverters and charge controllers.
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“Kite Flying Day From Building Tops On An Obscure World Populated With Gymnosophists Who Come And Go From Shore To Shore Located In The Small Nearby Magellanic Cloud Galaxy” #art #abstraction #universe #stars #galaxies #populated #solar_systems #exoplanets #philosophers #iphone #ipadair
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Weighing The Pros And Cons Of Going Solar In New Jersey
Going solar has many benefits in the state of New Jersey. Going solar means changing your energy to using solar energy as your primary energy source. Solar energy has become increasingly popular among residents in New Jersey. Let's check out it's pros and cons.
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FA222 Supervised by: Dr. Munwar Mukhtar.
Assignment 3:
We were asked to create something and combine it with barcode. In my work, I illustrated a planets in the solar system and making them look like balloons contact them along with the lines in the barcode.
Thank you.
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Follow me. for daily space facts Follow 👉 @_space___lover_ 👉 @_space___lover_ 👉 @_space___lover_ 👉 @_space___lover_ 👉 @_space___lover_ 👉 @_space___lover_ ------------------------------------------------------------------ 🔖 Tags 🔖 _______ #astronomy #astrophysics #astronomyfacts #physics #physicist #physicsfacts #sciencefacts #scientific #scientist #sciencefact #spacefacts #scientific #spacex #solarsystem #Space #scientists #science #solar_system #cosmos #cosmology #universe #multiverse #theziporg #thezip https://www.instagram.com/p/CCkyAKKH2CI/?igshid=1fsgh5em6ftem
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Ev Cochrane: Did Ancient Man See a Different Sun? | Space News
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The unexpected discovery has given rise to new theories about the mechanism by which phosphorus is formed without the outbursts of massive stars. The origin of life from “organic soup” is a complex process. This requires many different components assembled in one place and under the right conditions. Although the exact conditions are still a matter of debate, scientists have an idea of what elements of the periodic table are needed. One important component is phosphorus, which was recently discovered on the outskirts of the Milky Way. The presence of this element among others is considered necessary for the formation of basic biochemical molecules. Therefore, the presence of phosphorus determines the boundaries of habitable zones in galaxies. Phosphorus is typically produced by the death of massive stars, making its presence at the outskirts of a galaxy a rare occurrence. However, the recent discovery of phosphorus in this area suggests that other mechanisms for its formation may exist. [caption id="attachment_85298" align="aligncenter" width="780"] Milky Way galaxy[/caption] “Phosphorus is an element that requires a special, catastrophic event to form. According to popular belief, phosphorus is formed as a result of supernova explosions of stars with a mass of at least 20 solar masses. They are the source of strong energetic emissions and a series of nucleosynthesis reactions that form not only phosphorus, but also many other heavy elements,” says astronomer and chemist Lucy Ziouris, who works at Arizona State University and Steward Observatory. This is the generally accepted view, and the discovery of phosphorus far from massive stars or supernova remnants suggests that there are other ways this element can be formed. All the elements we see around us are formed in stars. After the formation of the first atoms of the Universe from the primordial plasma, the atoms were mainly composed of hydrogen and helium, and all other elements appeared after the birth of the first stars. Stars play an important role in the fusion and combination of atoms in their cores, resulting in the formation of heavier elements. On the outskirts of the Milky Way galaxy The formation of elements in a star depends on its mass. Stars are the size of our Sun and are smaller able to support reactions that create light elements such as lithium and beryllium when hydrogen and helium combine. More massive stars can produce heavier elements such as oxygen and nitrogen. However, phosphorus is not produced during such reactions inside the star. Supernova explosions, accompanied by the death of massive stars, are one of the known mechanisms for the origin of phosphorus. Flares eject elements into space, scattering astromaterials into the interstellar medium, where they can be absorbed by new generations of stars, as well as comets and planets. Massive stars can only form in regions where there is enough material to feed them. As you move away from the center of the galaxy, the density of matter decreases - the outskirts of galaxies are usually populated by massive stars. So the presence of phosphorus in a cloud called WB89-621, located about 74,000 light-years from the center of the Milky Way, poses a mystery to astrochemists. “The discovery of phosphorus at the edge of the galaxy raises questions and adds an additional piece to our puzzle. The presence of phosphorus in this area suggests that the process of its formation is more complex and is not limited only to supernova explosions,” explains chemist Liliya Koelemey, collaborating with Arizona State University. There are two main explanations for this phenomenon. One of them is associated with the “galactic fountain” model, which assumes the movement of elements from the inner regions of the galaxy to the outer through supernova explosions, ejecting matter from the galactic disk into the halo and its subsequent cooling and return. However, this explanation is questionable, since observational data on galactic fountains is not yet sufficient. Another explanation involves the possibility of phosphorus being formed in the region around the core of less massive stars by capturing neutrons. Here, silicon isotopes can capture additional neutrons to form phosphorus. The discovery of phosphorus on the outskirts of the Milky Way is an exciting and important study, valuable for understanding the formation of life in the Universe. This element is the last of the NCHOPS - nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, phosphorus and sulfur - essential building blocks for the emergence of life and which define the habitable zones of a galaxy. Previously, astronomers had not paid much attention to the outskirts of galaxies in search of exoplanets with biomarkers, because they believed that regions far from the center of galaxies did not have enough phosphorus. However, this discovery allows us to expand the scope of searches.
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Blackhole ENGOLPHING a solar system...
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The Smart Solar Box for every case
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" Gargantuan Free Floating Structure Coming Into View Within the Trappist-1 System of Planets" #otherworldly_architecture #SETI #universal_physics #solar_systems #astronomy #astral_photography #space_exploration #astrophysics #beauty #our_neighbor #habitable_zones #life_in_these_cosmos #discovery
#life_in_these_cosmos#seti#our_neighbor#astral_photography#solar_systems#discovery#astronomy#astrophysics#habitable_zones#universal_physics#space_exploration#beauty#otherworldly_architecture
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Solar Power System For A Family Home
With a solar system, homeowners can not only do something for the environment, but they also make themselves independent of rising electricity prices at the same time. Now that the feed-in tariff has been reduced several times, the focus is increasingly on self-consumption.
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Here is a transformation of an old house project for my sister’s new project.... 🏠 there is a paper that shows the idea I had .... I choose ⚪️⚫️🔴 colours for the house just a change from the original or usual colours ... this is kinda a modern style house 🏡 #project #house #modern #art #idea #ابداعات_غاية #garden #solar_system (at Dubai, United Arab Emirates) https://www.instagram.com/p/B4xQfGShUd9/?igshid=p56z7el9pkks
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Our #Solar_System is filled with mysteries, most of which are unknown to mankind. While we know about the #Sun and the planets around it, there are several facts about the solar system that can always come as a surprise to us. Be it the volcanic eruptions on the #Jupiter’s #moons surface, or that the planet #Uranus is tilted to one side, the universe never fails to amuse us. Know interesting facts about our Solar System via #SquizzlWorld #magazine. Subscribe today! For more information visit https://www.squizzlworld.com/ #childmagazineindia #KidsMagazines #ChildrenMagazines #BestMagazines #KidsStories #KidsComics #bestmagazinesforkids #onlinemagazinesforkids https://www.instagram.com/p/BxrDuslBjHl/?igshid=18yicmzznad01
#solar_system#sun#jupiter#moons#uranus#squizzlworld#magazine#childmagazineindia#kidsmagazines#childrenmagazines#bestmagazines#kidsstories#kidscomics#bestmagazinesforkids#onlinemagazinesforkids
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