#baldwin IX

[dreamconsumer]

Portrait of Baldwin IX, Emperor of Constantinople from 1204 to 1205.

He was defeated at the Battle of Adrianople by Kaloyan, the emperor of Bulgaria, and spent his last days as a prisoner.

Twenty years later, in 1225, a man appeared in Flanders claiming to be the presumed dead Baldwin. His claim soon became entangled in a series of rebellions and revolts in Flanders against the rule of Baldwin's daughter Jeanne. A number of people who had known Baldwin before the crusade rejected his claim, but he nonetheless attracted many followers from the ranks of the peasantry. Eventually unmasked as a Burgundian serf named Bertrand of Ray, the false Baldwin was executed in 1226.

[memories-of-ancients]

The "Great Cameo of France", a Roman sardonyx cameo dating to the first century. It was part of the treasury of the Byzantine Empire when it was sold by Baldwin II to King Louis IX of France.

Housed at the Bibliotheque Nationale

[portraitsofsaints]

Saint King Louis IX of France 1214-1270 Feast day: August 25 Patronage: Architects and Monastic third orders

Saint Louis IX was crowned King of France at age 12 and reigned until his death. His mother ruled the kingdom until he reached maturity and instructed him in his education and religion. Louis married Margaret of Provence in 1234 and they had 11 children.  He saw himself as a “Lieutenant of God on earth” even obtaining Christ's crown of thorns from Baldwin II, Latin emperor at Constantinople.  He was an exemplary king, protecting the poor and clergy, founding hospitals and the Abbey of Royaumount and built Saint-Chapelle, an architectural gem. He led two crusades in 1238 and 1267, where he died of the plague.

Prints, plaques & holy cards available for purchase here: (website)

[xanaxnguns]

intro ??

alt account for my main @onedingo

catholic, nationalist, integralist, brazilian, female, traditionalist

i enjoy history, histology, biology, pharmacology, theology, philosophy, politic, geopolitics, art, catholic history, true crime, ideologies, criminal cases related to far right ideas

my favorite figures:

religious- Jesus, Mother Mary, Urbano II, Saint Joseph, Saint Ignatius of Loyola, Saint John Chrysostom, Saint Paul, Saint Joan of Arc, Saint Teresa of Avila, Saint Augustine, Saint Thomas Aquinas, Saint Bede, Saint Peter, Pope Pius XII, Pope Gregory X, Pope John Paul II, Blessed Sandra Sabbattini, Cardinal Robert Sarah, Bishop Williamson

non religious- Gustavo Barroso, Getúlio Vargas, Tolstoi, Tsar Nicholas II, Dom Pedro II Emperor of Brazil, João Goulart (jango), Leonel Brizola, Eneas Carneiro, Plínio Salgado, Ian Smith, Thomas Sankara, Miguel Reale, Vlad the Impaler, Baldwin IV, Louis IX of France, Fernão Dias, Raposo Tavares, Manuel Borba Gato, Malcom X

what i like the most:

crusades, catholicism, music, internet, youtube videos and talk to people

favorite cases:

Dylann Roof, Brenton Tarrant, Robert Bowers, Timothy Mcveigh, Jahar Tsarnaev, Ted Kaczynski, Maxim Martsinkevich, 9/11, Goleiro Bruno, Daniel Alves, Ted Bundy, Elize Matsunaga, Chico Picadinho, crimes committed in brazilian during the military dictatorship, John F. Kennedy, war crimes in general

more:

obsessed with fitness, cardio & abs exercises, massages, health, self care, weight loss, studying

about my account:

i have my main account for info posts and posts about dylann roof, I don't want it to be banned so I will use this account to post shitpost, edits, my opinions and all

tcc and other stuff, mainly political stuff

don't condone or support at the same time I have controversial opinions

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 5.16 (before 1920)

946 – Emperor Suzaku abdicates the throne in favor of his brother Murakami who becomes the 62nd emperor of Japan. 1204 – Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders is crowned as the first Emperor of the Latin Empire. 1364 – Hundred Years' War: Bertrand du Guesclin and a French army defeat the Anglo-Navarrese army of Charles the Bad at Cocherel. 1426 – Gov. Thado of Mohnyin becomes King of Ava. 1527 – The Florentines drive out the Medici for a second time and Florence re-establishes itself as a republic. 1532 – Sir Thomas More resigns as Lord Chancellor of England. 1568 – Mary, Queen of Scots, flees to England. 1584 – Santiago de Vera becomes sixth governor-general of the Spanish colony of the Philippines. 1739 – The Battle of Vasai concludes as the Marathas defeat the Portuguese army. 1770 – The 14-year-old Marie Antoinette marries 15-year-old Louis-Auguste, who later becomes king of France. 1771 – The Battle of Alamance, a pre-American Revolutionary War battle between local militia and a group of rebels called The "Regulators", occurs in present-day Alamance County, North Carolina. 1777 – Continental Army officer Lachlan McIntosh fatally wounds Button Gwinnett, a signer of the United States Declaration of Independence, in a duel in Savannah, Georgia. 1811 – Peninsular War: The allies Spain, Portugal and United Kingdom fight an inconclusive battle against the French at the Albuera. It is, in proportion to the numbers involved, the bloodiest battle of the war. 1812 – Imperial Russia signs the Treaty of Bucharest, ending the Russo-Turkish War. The Ottoman Empire cedes Bessarabia to Russia. 1822 – Greek War of Independence: The Turks capture the Greek town of Souli. 1832 – Juan Godoy discovers the rich silver outcrops of Chañarcillo sparking the Chilean silver rush. 1834 – The Battle of Asseiceira is fought; it was the final and decisive engagement of the Liberal Wars in Portugal. 1842 – The first major wagon train heading for the Pacific Northwest sets out on the Oregon Trail from Elm Grove, Missouri, with 100 pioneers. 1863 – American Civil War: During the Vicksburg campaign, the decisive Union victory by Ulysses S. Grant at the Battle of Champion Hill drives the Confederate army under John C. Pemberton back towards Vicksburg, Mississippi. 1866 – The United States Congress establishes the nickel. 1868 – The United States Senate fails to convict President Andrew Johnson by one vote. 1874 – A flood on the Mill River in Massachusetts destroys much of four villages and kills 139 people. 1877 – The 16 May 1877 crisis occurs in France, ending with the dissolution of the National Assembly 22 June and affirming the interpretation of the Constitution of 1875 as a parliamentary rather than presidential system. The elections held in October 1877 led to the defeat of the royalists as a formal political movement in France.[16] 1888 – Nikola Tesla delivers a lecture describing the equipment which will allow efficient generation and use of alternating currents to transmit electric power over long distances. 1891 – The International Electrotechnical Exhibition opened in Frankfurt, Germany, featuring the world's first long-distance transmission of high-power, three-phase electric current (the most common form today). 1916 – The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and the French Third Republic sign the secret wartime Sykes-Picot Agreement partitioning former Ottoman territories such as Iraq and Syria. 1918 – The Sedition Act of 1918 is passed by the U.S. Congress, making criticism of the government during wartime an imprisonable offense. It will be repealed less than two years later. 1919 – A naval Curtiss NC-4 aircraft commanded by Albert Cushing Read leaves Trepassey, Newfoundland, for Lisbon via the Azores on the first transatlantic flight.

[irishfederalreconnaissance]

Famous World Leaders (Maternal)

Senator Cicero: Mastermind behind the assault on Carthage; the ephermal theory, from observing marijuana dealers of Rome that Africans cannot cease an act given an advantage through alliance.

Pontius Pilate: Father of Judas Iscariot, through an Arab beggar; the blood of King David, slain by King Solomon; and the woman beggar, slain in turn.

Pope Clemente III: Inventor of the Sicilian Mafia standard, the theater and arts for spies, priests, police, soldiers, and gangsters. The systems of counter, suicide, and exceptions.

Pope Innocent III: The excommunication of the French Cathars, to buggery at having been found in an army espousing Christ; the homosexual criminal, a pitfighter.

Pope Alexander IX: The creation of French power, as "littlekin"; the Dauphin, those investing in the safety of short persons, as having won any war of police justice.

Pope Gregory IV: The introduction of Yiddish (Polish-Hebrew), as "German", for those lowlands of German and Netherlands and Amish life, with modifications per trade.

Pope Innocent VIII: The creation of both "truancy" and "flat earth", the foundation of Israel as those too ignorant to attend class, hence braving any unknown on their own recognizance.

Baldwin IV: The Crusader King of Jerusalem, suffering from leprosy; due to blood immunity to contracepts, the term for immuno-system disorders from viruses, a constant rhinovirus of adaptation the notice for the ability; the Holy Grail.

Radu the Handsome: The Janissary Nobility under the Sultans of the Ottoman Empire, alongside his brother, Vlad the Impaler. The alliance between Transylvania, Moldova, and Wallachia, under the Order of the Dragon, the Draculs, to protect Greece from Islam.

Simon Bolivar: The head of The Jihad, under Gran Colombia; the creator of "The Schulz", the willingness to have homosexual sex with an armed services member, the "Kapo"; however in military service, as a "Black Company"; an internal services military information officer.

Bram Stoker: The murder of the adopted son of Lloyd Irving, the British playwright and police officer serving as his commandant chief in the oppression of Ireland among Irish Protestants having oppressed cholera epidemic survivors, "changelings", as a labor force to rebuild Irish genomes as slaves in the New World.

Joseph Stalin: A priest in every name but matriculation of examinations to the Russian Orthodoxy; the New Jersey garment guilds, of "Comstock", the Lodge of Benedict Arnold, America's intelligence services; thieved for use on the farms, "Leninism", with his own form, "Stalinism", as having renamed "Petrarch", French-Catholicism, as "Atheism", seizing France, Russia, and Israel, for his; the warm water port, sought for Russia for six hundred to seven hundred years.

[pashterlengkap]

The Olympics and Kamala’s new campaign are making summer sizzle!

Here are this week’s most popular positive stories, with some fun social media posts tossed in too. Like seeing uplifting content like this? Sign up for our Good News email. WOW! What a news week, huh?? Kamala’s in — the presidential race is heating up! Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer just signed an important pro-LGBTQ+ law, and maybe you’ve heard, but the 33rd Olympic Summer Games just kicked off in Paris, France — vive le sport! This year’s Olympics are quite modern and extra fun, with drag queens and Lady Gaga in the opening ceremony, and athetes competing in breakdancing and skateboarding for the first time ever. If you’re a fan, our sibling sites Outsports and Queerty are tracking the queer athletes and covering other noteworthy highlights throughout the event— ooh la la! Outside the games, there’s plenty of good news to swim in, so let’s dive right in! Never Miss a Beat Subscribe to our newsletter to stay ahead of the latest LGBTQ+ political news and insights. Subscribe to our Newsletter today Watch the 1st president turn into the 47th! View this post on Instagram A post shared by claire salvo (@clairesalvo) 40% of U.S. states now have this important LGBTQ+ law on their books This week, Michigan Gov. Gretchen Whitmer (D) signed a law that affirms LGBTQ+ lives in courtrooms — do you know which law? In other good political news, lesbian Sen. Tammy Baldwin (D) opened for Vice President Harris’s first presidential campaign rally, and a recent study found that the number of LGBTQ+ elected officials has tripled since 2017. Queer Democrats are getting energized for the upcoming election —  are you? Let’s all make sure equality wins at the ballot in November! People are going wild for a possible Kamala Harris/Pete Buttigieg dream ticket Harris is considering him as a possible running mate. Will we soon be calling him “Vice President Pete”? WNBA star Brittney Griner is surprising folks with what she wants her son to call her Her newborn son just arrived into the world — but his first words may not be “mama” if Griner has anything to say about it. He’s 5’4″. His husband is 6’7″ and has some things to learn… View this post on Instagram A post shared by Gay Fat Friend (@gayfatfriend) Gospel singer Kim Burrell atones for her past sins against the LGBTQ+ community At an awards ceremony, she apologized for hurtful comments she made nearly a decade ago. Tennessee scores important legal victory for people with HIV People of color and trans women were disproportionately affected by this old law, but now things have changed for the better! Kamala Harris’s campaign releases first ad, complete with Pride flags & boundless optimism Harris’s campaign used images from a Pride Month appearance in the ad, highlighting her support for LGBTQ+ rights. Ever seen someone swim in bioluminescence? View this post on Instagram A post shared by Luca Martinez (@lucamartinez.fl) Biden fights in Supreme Court to restore student protections Biden’s new Title IX protections didn’t just cover transgender and non-binary kids — they’ll also help out other students. Here’s how he’s fighting for them. You love this dog’s super cute Pride-themed hairdo Seriously — it looks like eye-popping leg warmers from the 1980’s fitness craze… but it’s all fur! I went bald at age 19 —but it actually had one huge upside When I was young, bald guys were the butt of jokes in every movie and TV show. But later on, I realized it gave me something important. This male-on-male tango is mesmerizing! View this post on Instagram A post shared by Teatr Wielki – Opera Narodowa (@operanarodowa) From our sibling sites: * GAYCITIES: Photos of the queens who dolled up for RuPaul’s DragCon LA * OUTSPORTS: The gay parts of the Paris Olympics opening ceremony saved it, including Tom Daley and… http://dlvr.it/TB7z0l

[dreamconsumer]

Portrait of Baudouin I, Latin Emperor of the Orient (1171-1206). He became Emperor of Constantinople by participating in the Fourth Crusade. He's known as Baudouin IX of Flanders (or Baudouin VI of Hainaut).

[talesofpassingtime]

I’m ridiculously pleased, in Chapter 4, with that bit about the Emperor Frederick and Baldwin IX, Count of Flanders.

— Martin Amis, London Fields 

[slumberersentinels]

This Marks the Likely End for RUN #2.

Debriefing possibly coming in the future. Until then, here's some stats.

System Uptime: 767 Days, 22:38.

Run #2 Start: October 24th, 2021, 12:06 EDT

Run #2 End: November 24th, 2023, 14:02 EST

Time Between: 761 Days, 2 Hours, 56 Minutes.

Last Stream Title: #2 since 10/24/21;🏳️‍⚧️🏳️‍🌈(🙇‍♀️ Stop Netanyahu's War on Israel; End Genocide in Palestine, Ukraine, Congo, Syria, Sudan, Nagorno-K.)

What Brought It Down?

So, OBS-snap was going to close in 3 days without me closing OBS and restarting it myself. I decided to close OBS, which had been streaming in its latest batch 2000 straight hours to Twitch.tv.

I closed it, and saw how slow and fatigued the computer had already gotten. Increasing the brightness kept the UI dialog on the screen. When I closed OBS, I right clicked on the app to add to my favorites, then re-opened the app.

This might be when the OBS snap might have begun updating, as I saw the application disappear from the side menu... And it wasn't listed as an application.

So, because I have one of the typical follies of poor network security, I have no network location receiving logs since last year. Updating to TrueNAS SCALE prevented me from using my old logging solution, and I took down all my servers after the security incident in June. (See a preceding post on this.)

I try to separate each of my accounts and computers as best as I can to keep my security as best as I can. So I plan on working to get the next run up and going asap. I hope to be done before the weekend is up. I hope I can finish today, it's pretty unlikely.

Thanks, Gratitude, and Acknowledgements:

First, thank you to Toby Fox and Temmie Chang. Thank you Clyde Mandelin, Reid Young, the team behind Desert Bus For Hope, my spouse Krystle, my children, Ali Born4ready, Slab, Term!Sans, OceanBagel, Desiree, Courtney P Train, Sharpless, Tracy, AlakazamKing, King Yin, OpenVMS, Ubuntu by Canonical, atax1a, the OBS team, GUNdb and Mark Nadal, Taingel, iX Systems, Etana, Fossil SCM, NewEgg, Woot, Twitch.TV, Lenovo, Humble Bundle, Dropbox, OpenStack, Sunbeam & Microstack by Ubuntu, Konami and Castlevania, Ukraine, Palestine, Dr. Rev. Martin Luther King Jr., Bayard Rustin, Malcom X, James Baldwin, Hampshire College, The Commonwealth of Massachusetts, the Nipmuc Nation, the Massasoit Nation, Da'Shaun Harrison, Damien P Williams III, Timnit Gebru, Chanda Prescod-Weinstein, NPR, Gaslit Nation, Andrea Chalupa, Sarah Kendzior, my parents, my birth family, credit unions, George Lakoff, and to anybody else I didn't name. Thank you all for helping these last two years and one month be wonderful and full of challenges.

I hope to remember you all, peace be upon you, and the sacrifices of those who have come before me, like my ancestors, the prophet Muhammad, peace be upon them all, and the oppressed folk whose very existence antagonizes annihilationism.

Don't give up, get up. And we'll try again. Sometimes a worse ending is a hang up, like what I'm facing today. Find me at https://twitch.tv/slumberersentinels as I work to set up this new stream.

Peace, Assalamu Alaikum. Black Trans Lives Matter.

New Run Started!

tHi everybody!

Our new run has started, here's a photo!

October 24th, 2021, 12:06pm Eastern Time.

[doctorwhoisadhd]

so i went through a bunch of stuff and. players that are still eligible for Falling:

two replicas (uncle plasma ii and uncle plasma ix)

one receiver (sixpack dogwalker)

two out of the three peanuts (peanutiel duffy and peanut bong)

parker macmillan, who ended s24 on the tigers

five other prehistory players (abbott wright, ronan vargas, rosales darkness, james nolan, and agan espinoza), only one of whom (agan) is formerly dead

two debted players (niq nyong'o, who was necromanced, and silvaire roadhouse, who was not)

several players with weird circumstances of creation — wyatt mason x, baby pitchems of the mills, evelton mcblase ii, and bontgomery mullock (evelton mcblase and montgomery bullock are also eligible)

a bunch of former wyatt masons, including baldwin breadwinner and aly leaf

other miscellaneous players: sutton bishop, winnie hess, beck whitney, polkadot patterson, neerie mccloud, dunlap figueroa, kelvin drumsolo, thomas dracaena

players that are NOT eligible to Fall (as far as we know):

peanut holloway (incinerated during s24)

castillo turner (ended s24 on the dallas cows)

anyone redacted during s24 (mike townsend, christian combs, bees taswell, oliver mueller, ziwa mueller, herring winfield)

anyone in the vault, including jaylen hotdogfingers, tillman henderson, don mitchell, collins melon (all vaulted during the semi-centennial), and glabe moon (vaulted via blessing in the s23 election)

[portraitsofsaints]

Saint King Louis IX of France 1214-1270 Feast day: August 25 Patronage: Architects and Monastic third orders

Saint Louis IX was crowned King of France at age 12 and reigned until his death. His mother ruled the kingdom until he reached maturity and instructed him in his education and religion. Louis married Margaret of Provence in 1234 and they had 11 children.  He saw himself as a “Lieutenant of God on earth” even obtaining Christ's crown of thorns from Baldwin II, Latin emperor at Constantinople.  He was an exemplary king, protecting the poor and clergy, founding hospitals and the Abbey of Royaumount and built Saint-Chapelle, an architectural gem. He led two crusades in 1238 and 1267, where he died of the plague.

Prints, plaques & holy cards available for purchase here: (website)

[dwellordream]

“Military diplomacy was another area of war where noblewomen sometimes took a leading role. The term ‘diplomacy’ in this case refers to negotiations undertaken either to find peace between two warring sides or in order to forge an alliance. Many noblewomen had a significant role to play in the diplomatic process and an interest in successfully completing the negotiation process. However, the limited military role most noblewomen enjoyed meant that in practise female diplomacy in the Middle Ages was affected only by royal, or other similarly highly placed women whose importance, symbolic or otherwise, compelled their inclusion in the negotiations.

Several instances of diplomacy stand out in this regard. During the Investiture Controversy, for example, Matilda of Tuscany pursued diplomacy alongside her military support of the reform papacy. At the Lenten Synod in 1075 she tried to ease tensions in a bitter dispute between Gregory and Censius Stephani, a noted enemy of the reform papacy, by calling for clemency on Censius’ behalf, after he was arrested and sentenced to death. The following year at the Synod of Worms Matilda and Pope Gregory were accused by the Emperor Henry of an overly intimate and improper sexual relationship. Matilda and the pope responded by toning down the frequency of their correspondence and thenceforth only communicating through legates, thus stifling any further allegations of misconduct and illustrating a diplomatic solution by Matilda to another potential source of conflict.

Most well- known of all were Matilda’s efforts in negotiating a truce between pope and emperor at her castle of Canossa in January 1077. The fortress itself and the protection offered by her troops undoubtedly encouraged Gregory to meet with the emperor when he otherwise would not have; moreover, Matilda’s personal efforts to convince the pope to receive Henry after his three day penance outside the gates and her sponsoring of the final agreement played a major part in achieving a peaceful accord.

Noblewomen were also diplomatically active in the French and Anglo- Norman domains. Adela of Blois (c.1067-1137), countess of Blois, Chartres, and Meaux, was known for her efforts in reconciling a conflict between Anselm, Archbishop of Canterbury, and King Henry I in 1104, by arranging a face-to-face negotiation that resulted in their eventual reconciliation. Adela was also active in creating an Anglo-Norman-Thibaudian alliance against Louis VI in the early 1110s, after he threatened Thibaudian autonomy in the Chartrain by revoking castle-building privileges and claiming certain ecclesiastical properties. A few years later Adela played a pivotal role in helping King Henry I’s negotiator Thurstan (Archbishop of York) reach a favourable settlement resolving Henry’s dispute with King Louis.

Blanche of Castile (1188-1252) was likewise active in negotiating treaties that helped to ensure royal power in the north of France while ruling as regent for her son, Louis IX. Among the more notable agreements were the 1229 Treaty of Paris-Meaux between Louis IX and Raymond VII of Saint-Gilles, count of Toulouse, which brought an end to the Albigensian Crusade, and the 1242 Peace of Lorris that essentially confirmed the terms of the 1229 treaty and ended any chance of southern France remaining independent from royal authority. The importance of Blanche’s role in both cases is worth noting: in 1229 Blanche was still regent (Louis’ personal government did not begin until around 1236) and thus her acceptance of the treaty was significant, even though she did not personally negotiate the actual conditions of the treaty, while in 1242 Raymond had Blanche act as an intermediary on his behalf in achieving a final peace with the king.

In England, the Countess Mabel, Robert of Gloucester’s wife, held King Stephen in captivity after his capture at the Battle of Lincoln in 1141, which enabled Robert to bargain for his release after he had himself been captured by Stephen’s forces during the same battle. For her part, Stephen’s wife Matilda of Boulogne was simultaneously active in negotiating her husband’s release.

In the Holy Land noblewomen were also at times an important part of the diplomatic process. Baldwin II’s wife, Morphia, was said by Orderic to have been active in the negotiations for Baldwin’s release from captivity in 1124. Likewise, when in 1152 Queen Melisende found herself under siege in Jerusalem by her own son Baldwin III, who was fighting her for control of the Latin kingdom, she was able – through the mediation of the Church – to secure the city of Nablus and surrounding lands to which she could retire. Evidently, her sixteen years as ruler must have counted for something in the negotiations with Baldwin, for she was able to emerge just a few years later to a position of relative power and freedom in Baldwin’s government.

Occasionally, women in the Holy Land were even said to have attempted diplomacy with Muslims. According to William of Tyre, Melisende’s sister, Alice of Antioch, attempted to send an alleged peace offering to the Muslim leader Zengi, as part of her efforts to gain control of Antioch in the early 1130s, but was unsuccessful. Asbridge has cautioned against accepting the testimony of William of Tyre too uncritically, as no contemporary Muslim accounts mention this offer of peace.

Similarly unclear is the role played by Queen Marguerite (c.1221-1295), wife of Louis IX, whom Louis’ biographer Jean de Joinville portrayed as a dignified, pious, and thoughtful noblewoman, and who was mentioned during the course of Louis’ negotiations with the Saracens following his capture at the battle of Mansourah in April 1250. According to Joinville, the king could not guarantee to his captors that he could pay their ransom because he would have to get the queen to consent to paying it and ‘as his consort, she was mistress of her actions’, although as Hodgson notes, ‘this may have been a bargaining ploy’.

Whatever the case, Marguerite did display some leadership in helping to keep together the Christian forces in the city of Damietta during the king’s captivity by arranging to buy all the food in the city at her own expense, although she was eventually forced to give up the city as part of the conditions of surrender. Medieval noblewomen, therefore, sometimes played an integral part in initiating or indirectly assisting the diplomatic process, even if they were not necessarily the ones who argued and finalised the treaties themselves. As we have seen, their role was often one of intercession or intervention on behalf of other parties, conveying messages back and forth between sides so that opposing enemies did not have to meet face-to-face.

Blanche of Castile’s intermediary role in concluding the 1242 Peace of Lorris and the meeting between Henry IV and Pope Gregory VII sponsored by Countess Matilda were both clear examples of the mediating role noblewomen might assume, but they were not the only noblewomen to perform this function. Phillipa of Hainault, wife of Edward III, was known to have interceded for the burghers of Calais to prevent their execution following Edward’s successful siege in 1347. In a similar way Ermengard, viscountess of Narbonne (c.1127-c.1196/97) helped arbitrate peace on behalf of Count Raymond V of Toulouse when he was in negotiations with one Roger of Béziers in 1171, and again in 1176 when she acted played a mediating or ‘go-between’ role in a separate peace between Raymond and Alfons of Aragon.

Likewise, Jeanne d’Évreux, third wife of King Charles IV of France, and Queen Blanche d’Évreux, second wife of King Philip VI of France, twice interceded on behalf of Charles II, king of Navarre. In 1354 they helped Charles obtain a pardon from King John II of France for Charles’ involvement in the murder of the Constable of France, while in 1357 they helped to reconcile relations between Charles and the Dauphin, (the future Charles V) who was regent of France due to John’s imprisonment in England at that time.

Their success, and that of the other noblewomen cited, is indicative of the impact intercession could have in effectively contributing towards peace negotiations, and as such, they decreased the likelihood of war. Together with women like Adela who forged alliances for their safety, therefore, these women’s actions must be included as a part of medieval military history.”

- James Michael Illston, ‘An Entirely Masculine Activity’? Women and War in the High and Late Middle Ages Reconsidered

[brookstonalmanac]

Events 12.4 (before 1910)

771 – Austrasian king Carloman I died and left his brother Charlemagne as sole king of the Frankish Kingdom. 963 – The lay papal protonotary is elected pope and takes the name Leo VIII, being consecrated on 6 December after ordination. 1110 – An army led by Baldwin I of Jerusalem and Sigurd the Crusader of Norway captures Sidon at the end of the First Crusade. 1259 – Kings Louis IX of France and Henry III of England agree to the Treaty of Paris, in which Henry renounces his claims to French-controlled territory on continental Europe (including Normandy) in exchange for Louis withdrawing his support for English rebels. 1563 – The final session of the Council of Trent is held nearly 18 years after the body held its first session on December 13, 1545. 1619 – Thirty-eight colonists arrive at Berkeley Hundred, Virginia. The group's charter proclaims that the day "be yearly and perpetually kept holy as a day of thanksgiving to Almighty God." 1623 – 50 Christians are executed in Edo, Japan, during the Great Martyrdom of Edo. 1676 – The Battle of Lund, becomes the bloodiest battle in Scandinavian history. 1745 – Charles Edward Stuart's army reaches Derby, its furthest point during the Second Jacobite Rising. 1783 – At Fraunces Tavern in New York City, U.S. General George Washington bids farewell to his officers. 1786 – Mission Santa Barbara is dedicated (on the feast day of Saint Barbara). 1791 – The first edition of The Observer, the world's first Sunday newspaper, is published. 1804 – The United States House of Representatives adopts articles of impeachment against Supreme Court Justice Samuel Chase. 1829 – In the face of fierce local opposition, British Governor-General Lord William Bentinck issues a regulation declaring that anyone who abets sati in Bengal is guilty of culpable homicide. 1861 – American Civil War: The 109 electors of the several states of the Confederate States of America unanimously elect Jefferson Davis as President and Alexander H. Stephens as Vice President. 1863 – American Civil War: Confederate General James Longstreet lifts his unsuccessful siege of Knoxville, Tennessee after failing to capture the city. 1864 – American Civil War: Sherman's March to the Sea: Union cavalry forces defeat Confederate cavalry in the Battle of Waynesboro, Georgia, opening the way for General William T. Sherman's army to approach the coast. 1865 – North Carolina ratifies 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution, followed two days later by Georgia, and U.S. slaves were legally free within two weeks. 1867 – Former Minnesota farmer Oliver Hudson Kelley founds the Order of the Patrons of Husbandry (better known today as the Grange). 1872 – The American brigantine Mary Celeste is discovered drifting in the Atlantic. Her crew is never found. 1875 – Notorious New York City politician Boss Tweed escapes from prison; he is later recaptured in Spain. 1881 – The first edition of the Los Angeles Times is published. 1893 – First Matabele War: A patrol of 34 British South Africa Company soldiers is ambushed and annihilated by more than 3,000 Matabele warriors on the Shangani River in Matabeleland. 1906 – Alpha Phi Alpha the first intercollegiate Greek lettered fraternity for African-Americans was founded at Cornell University in Ithaca, New York. 1909 – In Canadian football, the First Grey Cup game is played. The University of Toronto Varsity Blues defeat the Toronto Parkdale Canoe Club, 26–6. 1909 – The Montreal Canadiens ice hockey club, the oldest surviving professional hockey franchise in the world, is founded as a charter member of the National Hockey Association.

[bforbetterthanyou]

Queen consorts of England and Britain | [13/50] | Matilda of Flanders

Matilda was Queen consort of England from 1066 until 1083 as the wife of William I. Matilda was born in 1031 as the daughter of Baldwin V of Flanders and Adela of France, daughter of King Robert II. Little is known about Matilda’s life before her marriage. According to legend, when William first proposed, Matilda refused saying that she was too high-born to marry a bastard. When William heard of her refusal, he traveled to her home grabbed her by her hair, threw her on the ground and then beat her. Despite this, Matilda agreed to marry him even though Pope Leo IX had barred them from marrying due to consanguinity. Matilda and William married in about 1051 or 1052. In 1059, Pope Nicholas II issued a dispensation allowing their marriage. Despite their rough beginnings, William and Matilda apparently had a very happy and successful marriage and had 10 children together. When William was preparing to invade England, Matilda used her own money to outfit a ship for him which she gave him as a gift. She was also left as regent of Normandy in William’s absence. William conquered England and was crowned King that Christmas. Almost a year and a half later, Matilda visited England for the first time and was crowned Queen on 11 May 1068. Shortly after her coronation, she returned to Normandy to resume her regency; she would only make a handful of visits to England for the rest of her Queenship. Uncommon for the time, Matilda took a close interest in the education of her children. She made sure that both her sons and daughters were well-versed in multiple languages. In 1080, William became furious with Matilda when he found out that she was secretly sending money to their exiled son, Robert. She was also the godmother of Matilda of Scotland who would one day become the wife of Matilda’s son, Henry. At the christening, the young Matilda apparently pulled Queen Matilda’s headdress off and this was seen as an omen that the baby Matilda would one day become a Queen herself. Matilda fell ill in the summer of 1083 and eventually died that November. In 1959, her bones were examined and measured and it was discovered that she was 5ft tall—an average height for women of her time—however, this information was misreported, leading to the myth that she was only 4ft 2in.