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bookofjin · 6 years ago

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Annals of Taizu of Later Wei, Part 5

[From WS002. Covers 401 - 403, the last years of the Tianxing era. Tuoba Gui sponsors scholarship, and on 10 October 402 defeats Yao Xing in the battle of Mengkeng. On 25 November 403 he makes his oldest son, Tuoba Si, King of Qi and Great General of Chariots and Cavalry.]

[Tianxing 4, 30 January 401 – 17 February 402]

4th Year, Spring, 1st Month [30 January – 28 February], A separate leader of the Gaoche led his section, more than 3 000 groups, to adhere to the interior.

2nd Month, dinghai [12 March], instructed music teachers to enter the schools and practice the dances. Offered vegetables to the former sages and former teachers.

On dingyou [22 March], separately instructed messengers to travel and inspect the provinces and commanderies, to listen to and examine accusations and litigations, and investigate and charge the unlawful.

3rd Month [31 March – 28 April], the Emperor personally fished, and made offerings at the rear chamber in the temple.

Summer, 4th Month, xinmao [15 May], abolished Ye's Acting Tribunal. Decreed to have the ministers to clarify and display the concealed and uninhibited.

5th Month [29 May – 26 June], raised the Purple Ridge-pole Hall, the Mysterious Military Tower, the Cool Air Watchtower, the Stone Pool, and the Deer Park Terrace.

Autumn, 7th Month [27 July – 24 August], decreed the General who Quells the Distant and Inspector of Yan province, Zhangsun Fei, with 20 000 infantry and cavalry, to go south and patrol Xuchang and Pengcheng. Decreed to bestow on Under Heaven's quelling and defence generals and soldiers cloth and silk each proportionally.

Winter, 12th Month, xinhai [30 January], decreed the Great General who Conquers the West, the King of Changshan, Zun, and others to lead a multitude of 50 000 to chastise and rout the Duolan section's separate leader Muyiyu. The General of Gifted Officials, He Tu, to lead 6 000 cavalry, and assault the various sections of the Chufu, Suguyan, and others.

Assembled the Broad Scholars and Ruist masters to compare the multitude classics' written characters, the right-minded followed each other, and altogether there were more than 40 000 characters. The title was Classic on the Multitudes Writings.

This Year, Murong Sheng Died. Bao's younger brother Xi usurped the establishment. Lü Guang's younger brother's son Long killed Zuan and established himself. Juqu Mengxun of the Lu River Hu privately appointed [himself] Shepherd of Liang province and Duke of Zhangye. Mengxun and Li Gao both dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

[Tianxing 5, 18 February 402 – 7 February 403]

5th Year, Spring, 1st Month, dingchou [25 February], Murong Xi dispatched generals to rob Liaoxi. The General of Tiger Power, Su Taqian, and others resisted in battle without success. They abandoned Lingshi and turned back.

The Emperor heard Yao Xing wanted to rob the border.

On gengyin [10 March], a great inspection of the many followers. Decreed the various armies of Bing province to store up grain at Pingyang's Qian Fort.

On wuzi [8 March ?!], the General of Gifted Officials, He Tu, routed the various sections of the Chufu, Suguyan and others. He captured more than 3 000 horses and more than 70 000 cattle and sheep.

On xinmao [11 March], Zulun of the Ruanruan dispatched cavalry to aid the Suguyan and others. He Tu confronted, struck and routed them at the Bend of the He south of the mountains. He captured more than 2 000 armoured horses. Distribute [them] to the host, and bestowed on the generals and soldiers each proportionally.

2nd Month, on xinchou [21 March], the Great General who Conquers the West, the King of Changshan, Zun, and others arrived at Gaoping in Anding. Muyiyu led several thousand cavalry to escape and run with Weichen's Qugai. They pursued to Wating in Longxi, did not catch up and turned back. They captured his supply wagons and hoarded stores, more than 40 000 horses, more than 3 000 camels and yak, and more than 90 000 cattle and sheep. Distributed and bestowed on the generals and soldiers each proportionally. Moved his population to the Imperial City.

Zhang Qiao of Shamen titled himself No Higher King [?]. He and Xianyu Cibao of the Dingling assembled partisans at Xingtang in Changshan.

Summer, 4th Month [18 May – 15 June], the Grand Warden Lou Fulian chastised and beheaded them.

5th Month [16 June – 15 July], Yao Xing dispatched his younger brother, the General who Calms the North, the Duke of Yiyang, Ping, led a multitude of 40 000 to come and intrude. Pingyang's Qian Fort was captured by Ping.

6th Month [16 July – 14 August], arranged the troops at the eastern suburbs. Apportioned and divided the multitude armies. Decreed the Great General who Garrisons the West, the King of Piling, Shun, Zhangsun Fei, and others, 3 generals and 60 000 cavalry to be the vanguard.

Autumn, 7th Month, wuchen [15 August], New Moon, the Chariot Drove to chastise the west.

8th Month, yisi [21 September], arrived at Chai Fort. Ping strengthened the defences. Advanced the army to besiege him. Yao Xing thoroughly raised his multitudes to come and aid.

On jiazi [10 October], the Emperor crossed at Mengkeng. He confronted and struck Xing's army and greatly routed it.

Winter, 10th Month [11 November – 10 December], Ping went into the river and died. Took prisoner his remaining multitudes, more than 30 000 people. This is told in the Biography of Xing. Captured Xing's General who Conquers the Caitiffs and Supervisor of the Right of the Masters of Writing, Di Bozhi, the Colonel of Outriders, Tang, Xiaofang, the General who Amasses Crossbows, Yao Liangguo, the General who Establishes Loyalty, Lei Xing, Kang Guan, the Commander of the Palace Gentlemen of the North, Kang Wei, Ping's cousin Boqin and below, from Fourth Grade Generals and upwards were more than 40 people. Captured the previously absconded subjects Wang Ciduo and Jin Qin. Beheaded both and displayed them.

Xing again and again sent messengers to request peace. The Emperor did not accept. The crowd of subjects recommended advancing to pacify Puban, but the Emperor worried the Ruanruan would be a difficulty.

On wushen [23 November], returned the host.

11th Month [11 December – 8 January], the Chariot Drove to stay at Jinyang. Summoned the Inspector of Xiang province, Yu Yue, to be Minister of Works. Dispatched the General of the Left, Mo Ti, to chastise Shangdang's crowd of bandits' Qin Po and Zhai Du at Huguan.

On dingchou [22 December], the Grand Warden of Shangdang arrested Po and beheaded him. Du ran to Linlü.

12th Month, xinhai [25 January], arrived from the western campaign.

Shelun of the Ruanruan violated the frontier. Decreed the King of Changshan, Zun, to pursue him. He did not catch up and turned back. Mofu of the Yueqin led his section, more than 10 000 families to belong to the interior. He was settled north of Wuyuan.

This Year, Tufa Wugu died of illness. His younger brother Lilugu carried on the government, he dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

[Tianxing 6, 8 February 403 – 27 January 404]

6th Year, Spring, 1st Month, xinwei [14 February], a separate leader of the Yuchi section of Shuofang led more than 10 000 families to belong to the interior, he entered to live in Yunzhong.

Summer, 5th Month [6 June – 4 July], a great inspection of the many followers, perhaps to plan for the Jiang and the Huai, and pacify the chaos of Jing and Yang.

Autumn, 7th Month [4 August – 1 September], the Great General who Garrisons the West and Colonel Minister of Retainers, the King of Piling, Shun, made an offence, used the King to return to his mansion.

On wuzi [30 August], the Chariot Drove on a northern tour. Built a detached palace at Chai Mountain. Let loose the soldiers on a barricade hunt. Went north-east beyond Ji High Pass, and set out for Canhe and Dai Valley.

9th Month [2 October – 31 October], travelled to favour southern Pingcheng. Outlined and measured the river south of the Lei, facing Xiawu Mountain and to its back Huanggua Hill, perhaps to establish an new town.

On xinwei [12 October], the Chariot Drove to return to the Palace.

Winter, 10th Month [1 November – 29 November], erected the Western Bright Sunny-side Hall.

On yimao [25 November], established imperial son Si as King of Qi, concurrently Great General of Chariots and Cavalry, ranking as Chancellor of State. Shao as King of Qinghe, concurrently Great General who Conquers the South. Xi as King of Yangping. Yao as King of Henan. Enfeoffed the former King Min of Qin's son Kui as King of Yuzhang. The King of Chenliu's son, the General of the Right, Yue, as King of Zhuti.

On dingsi [27 November], decreed General Yi Wei to led 20 000 cavalry go north and assault the Gaoche. Sima Dezong dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

11th Month, gengwu [10 December], Yi Wei greatly routed the Gaoche.

This Year, the Island Barbarian Huan Xuan deposed his master, Sima Dezong and established himself. He usurped to declare himself Great Chu.

#WS002

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bookofjin · 6 years ago

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Annals of Taizu of Later Wei, Part 2

[From WS002, covers 391 - 396.

In 391 Tuoba Gui breaks with Murong Chui and allies with Murong Yong

In January 392, he destroys Liu Weichen and massacres Weichen’s family, only his younger son Bobo survives, in the Weishu he is known as Qugai, the “Bent Beggar”.

Murong Chui defeats Murong Yong in 394, and then in August 395 his son and heir Murong Bao invades Wei. But Tuoba Gui holds the right bank of the He against him, and when Bao finally retreats, he pursues him and defeats the Yan army at Canhe Slope on 7 December.

In April 396 Murong Chui invades Wei in person, but he falls ill and dies on the return journey, 70 years old, and Murong Bao hurries to secure his succession at the Yan capital of Zhongshan.

On 16 October 396 Tuoba Gui formally launches his invasion of Yan.]

[Dengguo 6, 3 March 391 – 9 February 392]

6th Year, Spring, 2nd Month [22 March – 19 April], favoured Niedie Stream.

3rd Month [20 April – 19 May], dispatched the Duke of Jiuyuan, Yuan Yi, the Duke of Chenliu, Yuan Qian, and others to go west and chastise the Chufu section, greatly routing them.

Summer, 4th Month [20 May – 17 June], sacrificed to Heaven.

6th Month [17 July – 15 August], Myrong Helin routed He Ne at Chicheng. The Emperor guided the troops to aid him. Lin withdrew and left.

Autumn, 7th Month, renshen [17 August], military exercises at Niuchuan. Travelled and turned back to Niudiechuan.

Murong Chui detained Yuan Gu and requested famous horses, the Emperor broke off with him. Therefore dispatched envoys to Murong Yong. Yong sent his Great Herald, Murong Jun, to serve, petition and recommend to advance to the venerated title.

That Month [16 August – 14 September], Weichen dispatched his son Zhilidi to set out for the Guyang Fortress. The invasion reached Heicheng.

9th Month [14 October – 12 November], the Emperor assaulted Wuyuan, and massacred it. He gathered their stored up grains and turned back to Niediechuan. To the north of Guyang fortress he set up a stone tabled recording the achievement.

Winter, 10th Month, wuxu [11 November], campaigned north against the Ruanruan. Pursued them, caught up with them south of the Great Wastes, beneath Chuang Mountain, greatly routing them. Distributed and bestowed the accompanying subjects each proportionally. The rulers of their eastern and western sections were Pihouba and Yunheti [?]. Beheaded the detached leader Wujiyu. The affair written of in the Biography of the Ruanruan.

11th Month, wuchen [11 December], returned to favour Niudiechuan.

On wuyin [21 December], Weichen dispatched his son Zhilidi to rob the southern section.

On jimao [22 December], the Chariot Drove to set out and chastise.

On renwu [25 December], greatly routed Zhilidi's army to the south of Tieqi Mountain. Captured his receptacles, weapons and supply wagons, and more than 200 000 cattle and sheep.

On wuzi [31 December], crossed south over the He from Jinjin in Wuyan.

On xinmao [3 January], stayed where they were residing, Yueba City. Weichen, father and son, ran and escaped.

On renchen [4 January], decreed the various generals to pursue them. Captured Zhilidi.

12th Month [11 January – 9 February], captured Weichen's corpse, and beheaded it for display, and thereupon exterminated him. This is told in the Biography of Weichen. Weichen's younger son Qugai [the “Bent Beggar” aka Liu Bobo] absconded and fled to the Xuegan section. The Chariot Drove to stay at Yanchi.

From the He and southwards the various sections were thoroughly pacified. Registered their precious treasures, livestock and produce. There were more than 300 000 famous horses, more than 4 000 000 cattle and sheep. Distributed and bestowed on the great subjects each proportionally. Gathered Weichen's sons, brothers, clansmen and partisans, regardless of age, more than 5 000 people, and thoroughly killed them.

Mountain Hu chiefs Dafantui, Yeyiyu, and others led more than 3 000 families to surrender and adhere. Set out to reside at Mayi.

This Year, erected the Henan [“South of the He”] Palace.

[Dengguo 7, 10 February 392 – 28 January 393]

7th Year, Spring, 1st Month [10 February – 9 March], favoured Mugen Mountain, and thereupon stayed at Heiyan Pool. Hosted and feasted the crowd of subjects, and held audiences with the tribute envoys from the various states. Went north to Mei River.

3rd Month, jiazi [5 April], feasted the crowd of subjects at the river bank. Turned back to favour the Henan Palace.

The Western Section's Chief Man of the Qili [?], Maoxian, rebelled and ran. Dispatched the Chief Man of the Southern Section, Zhangsun Song to pursue and chastise, greatly routing him.

Summer, 5th Month [7 June – 5 July], distributed and bestowed to the various officials horses, cattle, and sheep, each proportionally.

Autumn, 8th Month [3 September – 2 October], travelled to favour south of the desert, continued building touring terraces [?].

Winter, 12th Month [30 December – 28 January], Murong Yong dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

This Year, imperial son Si was born.

[Dengguo 8, 29 January 393 – 16 February 394]

8th Year, Spring, 1st Month [29 January – 26 February], the Emperor toured south.

2nd Month [27 February – 28 March], favoured Guyang Spring [Plains?]. Went to Bailou.

3rd Month [29 March – 27 April], the Chariot Drove to campaign west against the Houlülin Section.

6th Month [26 June – 24 July], the Chariot Drove on a northern tour. Yong came to announce an urgency. Dispatched the Duke of Chenliu, Yuan Qian, and General Yu Yue to lead 50 000 cavalry go east beyond the He to save him. Routed the leader of the Leiba section, Liu Yao, and others, and moved their section section groups. Yuan Qian following that garrison at Xiurong. Murong Chui thereupon besieged Changzi.

Autumn, 7th Month [25 July – 23 August], the Chariot Drove to oversee and favour the new altar [?].

On gengyin [24 August], hosted the crowd of subjects, and again held military exercises.

Before this, Weichen's son Qugai had ran to the Xuegan section. Campaigned against them for not sending him off.

8th Month [22 September – 21 October], the Emperor campaigned south against the Xuegan section's leader Taixifo at Sancheng. It happened that they had previously set out to strike Cao Fu. The Emperor exploited the absence to slaughter their city. He captured Taixifo's son Zhenbao, moved his population and turned back. Taixifo heard about it, he came to attend, but did not catch up, and thereupon ran to Yao Xing.

9th Month [22 October – 19 November], returned to favour the Henan Palace.

This Year, Yao Chang died.

[Dengguo 9, 17 February 394 – 5 February 395]

9th Year, Spring, 3rd Month [17 April – 15 May], the Emperor toured north. Sent the Duke of Dongping, Yuan Yi, to garrison agriculture in Wuyuan north of the He. Arrived outside of the Guyang Fortress.

Summer, 5th Month [15 June – 13 July], agriculture east of the He.

Autumn, 7th Month [13 August – 11 September], returned to favoured the Henan Palace.

Winter, 10th Month [10 November – 8 December], Shelun and others of the Ruanruan led the section groups to flee west. The affair written of in the Biography of the Ruanruan.

This Year, Yao Chang's son Yao Xing usurped the establishment, and killed Fu Deng. Murong Chui exterminated Yong.

[Dengguo 10, 6 February 395 – 26 January 396]

10th Year, Spring, 1st Month [6 February – 7 March], Taixifo returned from Chang'an to north of the high passes. In Shang commandery and westward, all submitted to him.

Summer, 5th Month [4 June – 3 July], favoured Yanchi.

6th Month [4 July – 1 August], returned to favour the Henan Palace.

Autumn, 7th Month [2 August – 31 August], Murong Chui dispatched his son Bao to come and rob Wuyuan, building ships and gathering the grain. The Emperor dispatched the Marshal of the Right, Xu Qian, to recruit troops from Yao Xing. The Duke of Dongping, Yuan Yi, moved to occupy Shuofang.

8th Month [1 September – 29 September], the Emperor personally trained the troops to the south of the He.

9th Month [30 September – 29 October], advanced the host. Overlooked the He and built Taigao ford [?]. There were continuous banners along the He for more than a thousand li from east to west.

At the time, the Duke of Chenliu, Yuan Qian and 50 000 cavalry was in the east, to thereby cut off their left. Yuan Yi and 50 000 cavalry was north of the He, to thereby forestall their rear. The Duke of Lüeyang, Yuan Zun 70 000 cavalry blocked their road to Zhongshan.

Winter, 10th Month, xinwei [23 November], Bao burnt the ships and escaped at night.

11th Month, jimao [1 December], the Emperor advanced the army across the He.

On yiyou [7 December], evening, arrived at Canhe Slope.

On bingxu [8 December], greatly routed them. This is told in the Biography of Bao. Captured alive their King of Chenliu, Shao, King of Liyang, Wonu, King of Guilin, Daocheng, the Duke of Jiyin, Yin Guo, the Heir to the King of Beidi, Zhong Kai, the Heir to the King of Anding, Yang Er, and beneath, civil and military officials, generals and magistrates, several thousand people. The tools and armour, supply wagons, army property, and diverse valuables tallied more than 100 000. From among the captive prisoners, selected those of them with talent and understanding, Jia Yi, Jia Gui, Chao Chong, and others, to discuss with them assisting in planning, the regulations setting forth the old and true. Distributed to and reward the great subjects, generals and officers each proportionally.

12th Month [28 December – 26 January], returned to favour Shengle in Yunzhong.

[Huangshi 1, 27 January 396 – 12 February 397]

1st Year of Huangshi [“August Beginnings”], Spring, 1st Month [27 January- 24 February], a great spring hunt at Dingxiang's Hu Mountain. Following that, went east to favour Shanwu's Northern Slope.

3rd Month [26 March – 23 April], Murong Chui came to rob Sangqian Stream. The Duke of Chenliu, Yuan Qian, had previously headquartered at Pingcheng. At the time the summoned troops had not yet assembled. Qian led [those] beneath his pennant to intercept and strike. He lacked profit and died there. Chui thereupon arrived north-west of Pingcheng, he passed over the mountains and formed camp. He heard the Emperor was about to arrive, and therefore built walls to defend himself. He was very ill and thereupon escaped and left. He died in Shanggu. His son Bao concealed the mourning and turned. When he arrived at Zhongshan he therefore usurped the establishment.

Summer, 6th Month, guiyou [22 July], dispatched General Wang Jian and others with the Three Armies to chastise Bao's Grand Warden of Guangning, Liu Kangni, beheaded him, and moved his section groups. Bao's Grand Warden of Shanggu, Murong Pulin, gave up the commandery, and ran and fled.

On dinghai [5 August], the August Empress Dowager, Ms. He, expired.

That Month [22 July – 19 August], buried the Presenting and Clarifying [xianming] Empress Dowager.

Autumn, 7th Month [20 August – 18 September], the Marshal of the Right, Xu Qian, sent up a letter recommending advancing to the venerated title. The Emperor first established banners and flags of the Son of Heaven, when setting out and entering to give notice and clear way. Hence changed the inaugural [to Huangshi].

8th Month, gengyin [7 October], trained the troops in the eastern suburb.

On jihai [16 October], greatly raised up chastising Murong Bao. The Emperor personally directed the Six Armies' more than 400 000, set out south for Mayi, and passed over to Juzhu. There were banners, flags and spread out relay stations for more than 2 000 li. When they drummed to move and went forward, people's houses all shook. Separately decreed General Feng Zhen and others with the Three Armies to follow the eastern road and assault You province, and besiege Ji.

9th Month, wuwu [4 November], stayed at Yangqu, prevailed over the western mountains, and approached to observe Jinyang. Instructed the various generals to pull in the cavalry to surround and threaten, and when completed, to cease and turn back. Bao's Shepherd of Bing province, the King of Liaoxi, Nong, was greatly afraid, he commanded his wife and children to abandon the city and set out at night. Bing province was pacified.

Began to establish tribunals and bureaus, set up the hundred officials, and enfeoffed and designated Dukes, Marquises, Generals, Inspectors and Grand Wardens. For Gentlemen of the Masters of Writing and below fully employed civil personnel. The Emperor began to open up the Central Plains, keeping his heart to consoling and accepting. Of those scholars and grandees who went to the army gates, without regards to age, were all guided to enter and given audiences. There were questions for pervasive knowledge, and people got to fully [explain] themselves. If they were of hidden ability, they all got arranged for employment [?].

On jiwei [5 November], decreed the General who Assists the State, Xi Mu, to plunder the lands in Jinchuan. Captured Murong Bao's King of Danyang, Maide, and others, at Pingtao City.

Winter, 10th Month, yiyou [1 December], the Chariot Drove to set out for Jingxing. Sent the General of the Best of the Army, Wang Jian, and the General of the Left Army, Li Li with 50 000 cavalry as an advance force to open up the journey.

11th Month, gengzi [16 December], New Moon, the Emperor arrived at Zhending. From Changshan and eastwards, some of the wardens and stewards gave up the cites to flee and run away, some touched head to ground at the army gates. Only Zhongshan, Ye, and Xindu cities did not submit.

Separately decreed the Great General who Conquers the East, the Duke of Dongping, Yi, and 50 000 cavalry to go south and attack Ye. The General of the Best of the Army, Wang Jian, the General of the Left Army, Li Li, and others, to attack Xindu. During the army's movements, they did not do damage to people's mulberry and jujube trees.

On wuwu [3 January], advanced the army to Zhongshan.

On jiwei [4 January], guided the cavalry to besiege it. The Emperor spoke to the various generals, saying:

We are confident Bao is unable to set out and fight, he surely will rely on the walls to defend himself and cunningly delay for days and months. A quick attack will just wound the soldiers, a long defence will just expend the provisions. It is not as good as first pacifying Ye and Xindu, and afterwards turn back to take Zhongshan, when the plans are expedient.

Suppose we shift the army and leave for far away, then Bao will surely disperse the multitudes to seek food among the population. Like this, then people's hearts will stray and impede, and when we attack him, he will be easy to overcome.

The various generals proclaimed it good.

On dingmao [12 January], the Chariot Drove to favour Lukou City.

This Year, Sima Changming died. His son Dezong was usurpingly established. He dispatched envoys to court with tribute. Lü Guang usurped to declare himself Heavenly King, with the title Great Liang. He dispatched envoys to court with tribute.

#ws002

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