#contributing to juvenile delinquency

[if-you-fan-a-fire]

"Jasper Man Is Sentenced," Kingston Whig-Standard. July 7, 1943. Page 3. ---- Changing his plea to one of guilty on each of eight charges of committing gross indecency, Carl Beamish, aged 41, of Jasper, who was arrested June 19 was sentenced to three years in Kingston Penitentiary and ordered given 10 strokes of the strap when he appeared before Magistrate Wright in Brockville court yesterday morning. He was sentenced to three years on each of the charges the sentences to run concurrently. He had pleaded not guilty at previous appearances in court.

A charge of selling unlawful articles was also brought against the man. He entered a plea of guilty to this offence and was given another two years concurrent sentence by the magistrate. Confiscation of the goods was ordered by the court.

Hon. H. A. Stewart, K.C., appearing for the accused, presented an appeal for leniency and handed to the magistrate a petition signed by numerous residents of the Jasper district. Crown Attorney H. Atkinson moved for a penitentiary sentence when Provincial Constable Alex MacLeod had concluded his evidence. His attitude was that juveniles 'should be protected' and the magistrate, feeling definite that the man was a menace to the morality of juveniles, as an example and warning to others who might be so inclined, felt a severe penalty was warranted. Beamish left the court room in a broken condition, supported by a relative.

[AL: Beamish, according to his police and prison records, was convicted of gross indecency, a deliberately vague charge in the Criminal Code mostly used to prosecute gay men engaged in sexual activity, and with providing contraceptives for sale - not condoms but likely some kind of abortificant. He was a storekeeper in the small town of Jasper outside of Brockville, and so was likely selling or providing information on safe sex and pornography, almost certainly to younger people. He had no previous criminal record and was single and 41 - it's possible Beamish was gay himself, but this is hard to figure without digging even deeper into court transcripts. He was convict #7369 at Kingston Penitentiary, and worked at the change room. He was whipped twice in 1943 and 1944 as part of his sentence. A model prisoner, he was transferred to the low security Collin's Bay Penitentiary in November 1944, and paroled in mid-1945.]

[usnatarchives]

Happy #NationalComicBookDay! Did you know the National Archives carries a wide array of comic books such as this No.90 "Batman" comic once used as evidence in an investigation by the Judiciary Committee of the United States on juvenile delinquency?

In April 27, 1953, the Judiciary Committee of the United States Senate created a Special Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency to investigate the causes of juvenile delinquency and to propose measures in response. The subcommittee examined several factors influencing young people, but it drew the most attention when it investigated the allegation that comic books contributed to the rise in juvenile crime. The subcommittee looked at comics like this one as evidence.

The early 1950s were a time of great anxiety about the nation’s youth. In 1955, Newsweek magazine reported that the national crime rate had increased by 33.4 percent since 1940, largely due to increased criminal acts by teenagers. Comic books were a new form of media and among the first consumer products specifically marketed to teenage buyers. Civic and religious leaders linked comic book reading to antisocial and criminal behavior, and several major newspapers launched anti–comic book editorial campaigns.

During April and June, 1954, the Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency held televised public hearings in New York, the center of the comic book publishing industry. They were especially concerned about comic books’ vivid, detailed illustrations of violent acts. In the end, the subcommittee found that reading comic books did not cause teenagers to commit crimes. They ruled against censoring or banning comics and instead called on the comic book industry to regulate itself by adopting a ratings code and imposing a voluntary ban on depictions of extreme violence. The committee concluded that, ultimately, it was a parent’s role to screen material their children read.

[jakekazansky]

@erudite-raven-apollokid wanted to know about dancer Jake au, silly seals au, and juvenile delinquent Jake au for wip weekend!!! I’m more than happy to talk about them all!!!

Dancer Jake au

So I haven’t gone much in to it yet but since Javy is one of Jake’s love interests in this au Fritz is gonna be Jake’s bestie. You know that saying that you’ve never seen two friends dressed the same way going to the same place??? That’s Fritz and Jake. Now Jake is a former theater and recreational dance kid so he def has some outfits and he loves fashion. His dads raised him to be himself and let him express himself which has contributed to the numerous piercings and fashion styles he’s gone through over the years. He doesn’t fit with one aesthetic and is just uniquely him. Fritz on the other hand is a Floridian who moved to California after the passing of his grandmother who raised him. Now the best way to describe Fritz is that he’s very free with his body. He craves the attention and people looking at him. That’s a primary reason he got in to stripping. Without spoiling a lot their besties and they work so well together.

Silly seals au

So here’s a little tidbit I’m not sure is gonna make the final cut for the fic (I’m specifically talking about unexpected visitors and expected surprises second chapter which is currently in the works)

“Just because you’re getting married doesn’t mean I want grand seals anytime soon”

I’ll leave yall to guess which of Jake’s dads says this

Juvenile delinquent Jake au

okay so I’ve been working a little bit on a lot of different fics in this au lately so let’s talk about Beau since I’ve talked a lot about Jake and his dads but not so much about his eventual husband.

While it wasn’t explicitly stated Beau comes from money and is the sole inheritor of his family’s wealth when his father dies. Now Beau doesn’t care much about the money and sells most of the properties his father owned off after he receives ownership of them. He’s very content with his life in the navy. Cyclone isn’t particularly flashy so he drives a newer nicer truck but it’s not top of the line but it does have luxuries like heated seats. What he does spend his money on is Jake. Jake is spoiled. He is baby. And he knows this and he loves it. When they eventually have a real wedding Beau is gonna be planning it while Jake tags along to vendor meetings cause it makes his husband happy. He’s very much there just to look pretty cause he doesn’t care and knows Beau will make the right decision. One little thing I’m obsessed with is Beau taking the family jewelry and heirloom jewels and having it remade in to pieces Jake would wear. Beau is working closely with jewelrs to repurpose it and the most effort Jake contributes is to go over to Beau to get measured for pieces every so often. Jake is baby and Beau knows this. After the life Jake has lived he deserves to have a husband who loves him and lives to spoil him

Thanks again for the ask!!! I love talking about my fics 😁😁😁

[offender42085]

Post 0671

Fast and Furious Before; and After -- not so much....

Dylan Cage Godwin, South Carolina inmate 391723, born 2002, incarceration intake August 2023 at age 20, released April 2024

Failure to Stop for a LEO

In November 2020 -- behaving as if he were in sort of 'Fast and Furious' movie -- Police said an 18-year-old drove more than 160 mph during a chase, hit a Marion police cruiser and two other cars, and afterwards was found hiding in bushes. 

Dylan Cage Godwin, then aged 18, of Gastonia, North Carolina, was driving 101 mph in a 60 mph zone on Hwy 501 Bypass Sunday around noon, police said. When an officer attempted to pull him over, Godwin — driving a Camaro — accelerated to 150 miles per hour. 

Godwin made a U-turn near the Latta exit and started heading south again, according to the police report. Godwin allegedly 'lost gear' of the car and it stopped moving. The officer pulled in front of him to block the southbound lanes when the Camaro moved forward and hit the police cruiser, police said. 

The officer told Godwin to roll down the window with a gun drawn, and Godwin put the car back into gear and drove off, police said. Godwin took the Marion exit and headed towards city limits and went into oncoming traffic. Two officers swerved out of the way. 

In the area of Kimball Drive and the Food Lion parking lot, Godwin rear-ended a pickup truck and hit another car head-on, according to the police report. 

Godwin and a 17-year-old juvenile got out of the car and ran behind a probation office. Police said the juvenile was held against his will due to Godwin driving at speeds over 160 mph, which stopped the juvenile from leaving on his own, according to the police report.

Godwin was eventually found in some bushes in the 200 block of Warwick Avenue. 

Godwin was charged with failure to stop on command, driving without a license, speeding more than 25 mph over the speed limit, third-degree assault and battery, reckless driving, driving on the wrong side of the road, failure to stop for a blue light, resisting arrest with a deadly weapon — second or subsequent offense, hit and run, kidnapping, and contributing to the delinquency of a minor.

Godwin completed his education and received his high school diploma 3 months into his incarceration.

3d

Last reviewed March 2025

[velvetvexations]

You’re so cool AND you love yuyu hakusho…do you have a favorite character/arc?

Kurama, Dark Tournament arc.

Kurama is so fucking awesome. I love his characterization as someone who would prefer to live a normal human life and make his human mom happy, so he refuses to fuck around and if you fight him RIP because he's going to kill you as quickly and efficiently as possible. That's groundbreaking for a shonen series where every other protagonist is defined by a love of battle as an activity. Kurama is extremely good at what he does and would rather not have to get his hands dirty, but if you make him, you're going to regret it.

I think this is highlighted more in the English dub of the anime, which is one of many reasons I think it's the best version of YYH. For instance, this is how Roto's death goes in the sub, which is more accurate to the manga:

In the dub, the dialogue goes:

KURAMA: I'm afraid there won't be anything left of your evil life after that. ROTO: I'm just a low-class! I don't know any better! You believe in mercy, don't you? KURAMA: No.

That's way colder, and emphasizes that Kurama isn't just a typical heroic sadist, that his connection to humanity is genuine but he's willing to turn on the demon shit to protect that connection and specifically for that reason.

As for why I love the Dark Tournament arc specifically...man, all of it pops off.

You have a solid cap on Yusuke's growth from a juvenile delinquent to real Spirit Detective. Boy goes through the wringer this arc, physically and mentally, but every time he gets over one trial you can really feel how he's grown from it.

You have a ton of character development and spotlights for the other three, with all of them winning important battles and contributing to each round. My other primary shounen fandom having the entire supporting cast stuck in the Wait For Goku grind, this was mind-blowing in comparison. This is still one of the hardest issues for any media centered around fights like this, how do you get the supporting cast in there earning their keep? The Dark Tournament does it perfectly, and it never feels like Yusuke is above them simply for being the protagonist. Like, yes, he undeniably is the strongest of them, but you really do believe there's at least a small chance Hiei really could have taken on Toguro because the gulf between them is not nearly as massive as it is between the protagonist and his friends in other shows. Even Yusuke, in the end, only just barely defeated him after being pushed to his limits.

But not just the fighters, no, you have Keiko's relationship with Yusuke simmering, you have Koenma displaying real character for the first time as he worries about the stakes and just what Sayako could be up to, even Kuwabara's sister for some reason has a half-romance with the main villain and it's somehow compelling?

And oh my God, the villains! The fighters on every team is delightful, all of them fill their precise roles perfectly and do an amazing job being both memorable and serving a function in the story, especially in prodding the heroes further along their character arcs. Team Toguro is especially great as the climax, a full team of all bangers. Elder Toguro is a fucking freak. Bui is a little flat, but does well as a giant beat-stick to go down to Hiei and prove that he's the second strongest of the heroes in an absolutely amazing fight that takes everything out of him. And oh my fucking God, Karasu. Obviously as a Kurama fan I'm all fucking over that fight. Sayako serves as the perfect antagonist behind the scenes, smug and casual, with a hint of authenticity to his weird aura that makes you want to have drinks with him even as he describes he took to enjoying cruelty for it's own sake out of boredom with his perfect life.

But Younger Toguro takes the cake. So few shounen villains are as complex or interesting while still being so intimidating and monstrous. His relationship with Genkai is something else. His final scene with her is heartbreaking.

GENKAI: Don't ever feel regret for the things between us. TOGURO: No, Genkai. But it would have been a beautiful life.

In comparison, the earlier arcs lack all that bang, and while the following arcs match more in scale, I have a lot more issues with them. Here's some of what I wrote about Chapter Black when I was rewatching the series last, which I do every year or two:

Like, the majority of Chapter Black makes no fucking sense because you can tell how hard it’s trying to be JoJo (which is obviously something I’ve only come to understand in retrospect) with Territories, but like, the mind-reader has zero powers beyond mind-reading! The fact that he can read minds and aspires to be a dirty boxer should mean ABSOLUTELY NOTHING to Yusuke, who punches hard enough to throw people through solid rock and create craters, and fast enough that he can’t be tracked by human eyes. JoJo works because it’s characters are normal humans with highly specific superpowers that have to work within the confines of only having those superpowers. You can’t just move DBZ-tier characters into that sort of context fighting enemies who are specifically noted as being completely normal humans outside of their specialized abilities.

Another thing I’ll criticize Chapter Black for along with it’s weird inconsistency with power levels is that it doesn’t really make any sense to suddenly make a big deal about how it would be so terrible if Yusuke killed a human who was currently trying to like, murder an entire hospital full of people who could only be saved by his dying. It’s a cop out that Yusuke stops his heart only for Genkai to start it again being all like “you don’t need to have murder on your conscious” but also a completely unnecessary cop out because they’ve been merc'ing demons left and right all show up to this point, who by now everyone should be well aware are thinking living sentient beings who often even look identical to humans. It’s also a strange inconsistency to show up here of all arcs considering the whole point of it is that humans and demons are equally bad and good, but all the way to the very end you have Yusuke suddenly fighting to not kill Sensui for no other discernable reason than his humanity.

Aside from poor Gourmet, the other psychics in Chapter Black, even the attempted mass murderer Doctor, get cozy endings where they learn to let go of their maladaptive hatred of other humans, except for Sniper whose last word is that he’s going to hunt a group of animal abusers for sport with the narrator noting he disappeared after high school. There’s something kinna hilarious about that. Everyone else chills out per the overarching message of the arc but it’s fine and cool for Sniper to be Japanese Punisher, I guess. Which I’m not criticizing in and of itself, more power to him, but it’s INCONGRUENT with the MESSAGING.

And then one of the only things I said about Three Kings was:

Absolutely the correct choice to give Koto’s reintroduction so much pizazz. The path Three Kings ultimately takes is “you liked the Dark Tournament, right? the Dark Tournament was great, we’re going to do the Dark Tournament again”, and lemme tell you Velvet Nation, I’m totally fine with that because the Dark Tournament WAS great.

But that doesn't mean there aren't a lot of things to love about those other arcs! As a Kurama fan I especially can't let it go without mention that the conflict with Gamemaster, and the way he takes his anger and sorrow out on Elder Toguro immediately after, not to mention the reveal of Elder Toguro being there in the first place, is a 10/10 no notes series of scenes. I also had this high praise for the penultimate fight in Chapter Black:

The fight against Sensui is, IIRC, the only time YYH has a “wait for Yusuke” fight and it works perfectly. Unlike in Dragon Ball Z where literally anyone else doing anything is just a complete waste of time, the supporting cast of YYH are regularly accomplishing things and winning meaningful fights the whole time, so it earns a sequence where Yusuke seems to have really died for real, even if the audience knows he’ll be back up sooner than later, and the others try to continue on without him only to get bodied even coming at the BBEG three on one. It’s also unlike DBZ in that the others fighting Sensui is a curb stomp from start to finish, instead of it being treated like something that matters only to turn out to have been pointless the whole time by the end. Even the legendary Hellzone Grenade concludes with 17 no selling it with zero problem despite the build up. The fight with Sensui is just short and sweet enough to serve as the Worf Effect but also long enough to give the secondary heroes their due in the effort their putting in to substitute for the temporarily fallen protagonist.

The Dark Tournament is just the GOAT, you know?

[beardedmrbean]

An elementary school principal has been arrested after allegedly throwing a massive boozy house party for over 100 juveniles, authorities said.

The incident occurred on Jan. 19 when authorities from the Cocoa Beach Police Department responded to a home after reports of a large house party and “observed over 100 juveniles at the residence in matching t-shirts, many of whom were consuming alcohol that was later learned to be available in coolers at the residence," according to a statement from the Cocoa Beach Police Department.

The homeowner was quickly identified to be Elizabeth Hill-Brodigan, the principal of nearby Roosevelt Elementary School, police said.

“While officers were investigating the party, a juvenile was located on the front lawn experiencing an alcohol related medical event,” authorities said in their statement regarding the party. “The juvenile was so heavily intoxicated that Brevard County Fire Rescue (BCFR) had to respond to treat them.”

“During this time, the homeowner, Hill-Brodigan, was seen by officers in the driveway of her residence turning off the outside lights and entering her residence, causing BCFR to auxiliary lighting on their vehicle to treat the juvenile,” police continued. “Additionally, a traffic stop was conducted near the residence resulting in the arrest of the juvenile driver for DUI.”

Another intoxicated adult female -- later identified as Karly Anderson, a teacher at Roosevelt Elementary School -- was also identified as being at the party, according to the Cocoa Beach Police Department.

Numerous juveniles and their parents were interviewed by police in the days after the incident and an arrest was obtained for Hill-Brodigan on charges of child neglect, contributing to the delinquency of a minor and holding an open house party, police said.

Anderson was also arrested and charged with child neglect and contributing to the delinquency of a minor.

The school has yet to issue a statement regarding the party and the investigation remains open.

[ajqwrites]

COD: Modern Warfare Reboot (Under Siege - Book 1)

September 1997

To twelve-year-old John, everything about the place seemed cold and unfeeling. The gray walls, the dull hum of fluorescent lights above, and the distant clinking of boots and keys in the hallway contributed to this atmosphere.

He wasn't sure how long he'd been sitting in that room, but the stale air of the juvenile detention center felt like a second skin. It was a stark contrast to the outside world.

For John, it felt like he was being punished for something he didn't believe he had done wrong. He sat rigidly on the hard chair in the small, lifeless room, his hands tightly gripping the table. His bruised and swollen knuckles stood out, a testament to his anger.

The fight earlier still burned in his mind.

Billy Croft.

The name alone made his clench his teeth from the inside jaw tight.

John appeared youthful, his face marked by a few bruises and a developing black eye, where shades of purple and blue merged like a darkened ring. His messy bowl-cut hair had strands hanging across his forehead. 

Wearing his school uniform, which was now crumpled, he wore a simple white button-up shirt tucked into navy trousers, showing scuff marks at the knees. His shoes, worn and with fraying laces, tapped restlessly against the concrete floor, as if his body couldn't remain still.

He sniffed once, his head tilted up as if to glare at the ceiling and then his eyes scanned around.

Two cameras were watching him from the front and behind.

He frowned and scrunched up his nose, as if dismissing whoever was behind the camera observing him. John couldn't care less because he still believed the principal, the man behind the desk, was being a dick.

He was aware that he and the principal didn't get along.

The principal was eager to find a reason to send him to a detention center, labeling him a juvenile delinquent, or to accuse him of fighting or ditching classes. While he had occasionally skipped classes due to his brother Marcus's influence, John had quit doing so because of his other brother, Thomas, and his mother.

The image of Billy shoving that smaller child and laughing as if he ruled the playground reignited anger in John's heart.

Without a second thought, he had rushed in, swinging his fists before he could even process his actions. Billy's arrogant expression had collapsed with the first punch. And yet, here John was. Paying the price. Alone. His ears caught the soft sound of footsteps growing closer. The door swung open with a creak that shattered the silence like a thunderclap, and in came his mother, Olivia Price.

Though not tall, her presence made known to him not to speak (since he was in trouble). She wore a simple dark green wool coat over a well-worn white shirt and khaki pants. Her hair was tied back, with a few strands escaping in her rush. Her face bore the marks of labor years, but her piercing icy blue eyes—both warm and sharp—retained their intensity.

Olivia didn't need to raise her voice to demand attention; just one look from her was enough to hold John in place. He felt small under her scrutiny. His insides churned with guilt, though his expression stayed defiant.

"Johnathan," she said, carrying equal measures of disappointment and calm.

Initially, he kept his gaze down, clenching his fists even tighter as his bruised knuckles ached against his palms.

"Mum..." he whispered, struggling to express himself. "I didn't mean—"

Olivia approached and took a seat in the chair across from him. She observed him for a moment, her eyes traveling over his bruised hands, then lingering on the new bruise on his cheek and his blackened eye. John shifted his eyes away from her.

"Look at me," she said in a stern tone.

John paused, his eyes finally meeting hers. 

The guilt he had been trying to suppress seeped through his carefully constructed facade. Her eyes softened, and without uttering a single word, she reached across the table and grabbed his hand over hers. Years of hard work to support her two sons had left her hands calloused, yet they were still soft and strong. Even so, she handled his bruised hand with care.

"What happened?" she asked in her tone even.

John swallowed.

"It wasn't my fault," he started, "He was bullying a kid—shoving him and picking on him constantly." His voice was shaky at first but gained strength as he continued. "Nobody else was stepping in. I couldn't just watch."

"You couldn't walk away instead?" Olivia questioned, arching an eyebrow.

"Walk away?" John asked, nearly incredulous. "You've always told me to stand up for others. That's what you taught me!"

Olivia exhaled deeply, shaking her head while squeezing his hand. "I didn't say you should throw punches whenever something seems off or when someone is unable to retaliate. I said you should defend those who can't defend themselves. There's a difference."

John winced as the words struck him like a sharp sting. "But if I hadn't acted, what would have happened to that kid?"

Olivia gazed into his eyes with a nearly sorrowful expression.

"John," she murmured, "I love you. You have a fire in you, but if you let that a anger burn you. You'll end up hurting yourself and those around you. That's exactly where you are right now."

His expression turned somber, his eyes lowering to the table as her words hit him again. He understood what she meant. At times, it was overwhelming, like he couldn't stop the fire from burring the more he couldn't control himself.

"I didn't mean to hurt him," John said, his voice barely above a whisper.

"I know you don't," Olivia replied sternly. "But fighting isn't always the answer. True strength lies in recognizing when to stand your ground and when to step away so you aren't taken advantage of later, Johnathan. Do you understand?"

John bit the inside of his cheek. A part of him didn't want to agree with her, but his logical side of him knew she was right.

"This world will eat you alive," Olivia remarked, letting go of his hand and fixing him with a serious look. "You'll always deal with bullies, who will either have true intentions or are plainly cruel. My main worry is that if you continue letting your emotions cloud your judgment. Nobody will clean up your mess, but you. Use your head and not your heart, son."

He let her words sink in.

She was right. 

He had acted rashly, letting his anger get the better of him. 

The fight he had done hadn't solved anything, only landed him in more trouble. He took a deep breath and averted his gaze from her.

"I'm sorry, Mum," he said finally. "I should have walked away."

"You should have," Olivia said before she sighed. "But, it's done. You just need to learn to think before you act—to use this." She tapped a finger to his temple.

As he glanced at his mother, he blinked back the tears that welled in his eyes.

Which made her eyes softened a bit.

"I know you want to help, John. It's one of the things I admire most about you," Olivia said gently. "But you have to be smart. Violence should always be the last resort. Your mind is your most powerful weapon. Remember that."

John took a shaky breath, straightening in his chair.

"I will."

She reached over across and squeezed his hand before standing up.

"Come on, let's get you cleaned up. We'll deal with the principal tomorrow."

As they walked out of the room and leaving the detention center. They made their way towards her car, John couldn't help but mull over his mother's words. He knew she was right; he needed to control his temper if he wanted to make it in this world. But at the same time, how could he stand by and watch injustice happen right in front of him?

It was a constant inner battle he faced.

✨Return to Masterlist (RTM)✨

✨Chapter 44✨

👉🏽 Return to Main Post (RTMP) 👈🏽

[wewantnothing2]

Confidential File: Horror Comic Books!

‘A report by Paul Coates. Produced by Jim Peck. Directed by Irvin Kershner. Aired October 9, 1955. A KTTV Production, Los Angeles, for Times-Mirror.

In 1954 the Senate Subcommittee on Juvenile Delinquency  conducted an investigation into how the comic book industry was supposedly contributing to the moral decay of a nation's youth. The investigations were spurred on by a number of articles that blamed comics for the rise in juvenile delinquency in post-war America. Chief among  the critics was Doctor Frederic Wertham, whose book, "Seduction of The Innocent" has been blamed for nearly single-handedly crippling the entire comics industry.  

In 1955, the comic book publishers formed the self-regulating organization, The Comics Code Authority, which great impacted on how comic books were perceived by the public and what kind of stories were told in the comics for decades. The effects of the virtual witch-hunt from this period in American history still has effect on the comic book industry to this day.

"Confidential File" was aired in 1955, after the senate hearings and the formation of the Comics Code, but it serves as a perfect example of how the media reacted to the comic book industry, and sought a scape goat by blaming the comic book publications for society's own lack of responsibility in raising its children. A blame game that would later manifest itself when later TV cartoons, rock and roll music, Dungeons & Dragons, videogames, and so on would become the new whipping boy for those that didn't want to look to themselves for the state of their own children and society's sad state.’

[otakween]

8-Man vs. Cyborg 009 - Volume 2

Love a good 2 volume, short read every now and then. Unlike BGOO Parts, this one didn't outstay its welcome. Nothing ground breaking here, just some crossover fanservice like in the Devilman crossover. Fun times. Interested to see what's next for these franchises.

Ch. 7

8-Man tells Joe and Francoise about his past romantic drama with his secretary Sachiko. Francoise apparently "saw" Sachiko's presence when they were in 8-Man's office and wanted the tea lol.

If they're not gonna let Francoise fight, like ever, can they please introduce another female fighter or something? I'm getting really fed up watching her smile blandly on the sidelines or be a damsel in distress. Like if she's a pacifist, fine! But she's also the only girl cyborg so it feels insulting.

The two page spread of the demon God statue was a good jump scare. Let the final showdown, begin!

Ch. 8

Lol I guess the manga heard my complaints because they finally let Francoise shoot a gun at least. Also, her heightened senses finally did something useful. Alright, fine. You win this time mangaka...

Wait, what the hell!? Pyunma's back to his old racist design! THIS MANGA CAME OUT IN 2020 WTF??? (Good thing I didn't pay for this one lol).

Honestly, it seems ridiculous that Skull would just ignore the other numbers cyborgs. There's no way they wouldn't come after their kidnapped friends...just makes him look really stupid.

The Black Ghost minions were drawn all cutesy in like a chibi form. They look like they could be villains from a Mario game or something lol. Not very intimidating.

Ch. 9

Yaaay 008 pointed out the 8 thing =D lol. Glad he gets to contribute to the battle even though there's no water around lol.

Francoise has a weird bonding moment with Dr. Daemon because he saw her in a ballet once. He's definitely the chiller of the two evils but he's still actively working towards world domination and perpetual wars? I don't think this is really a "there's good in him" moment...

8-man sure loses his arms a lot. Guess they're just trying to emphasize his mechanical body.

I swear they used the EXACT same tactic to topple the demon God statue that they used to topple the Atlas-type robots in BGOO Parts! (006 digs a hole and then 005 pushes the big enemy over). Felt weird to see that used back-to-back in manga published so close to one another. Both times they emphasized it as some kinda ingenious strategy.

Ch. 10

Awe, I really liked this finale. They wrapped everything up in a nice, neat bow and sometimes that's all you want.

So Dr. Daemon was actually playing the long game and never allied with Black Ghost at all! Rather convenient lol. Does they mean the gang wouldn't have been able to defeat both enemies at once?

I completely forgot about Joe's juvenile delinquent backstory. Why do I feel like that doesn't fit his character at all? He's such a bland do-gooder now...Anyway, having 8-Man explain that he was a cop on the scene at the time of Joe's escape attempt was a clever way to tie the two series worlds together in a believable way.

So I guess Dr. Daemon is still not a great guy but not that evil either? I don't know enough 8-Man lore to make a conclusion lol. He seemed pretty okay with the heroes dying earlier, so I guess he's just all for himself.

This chapter got all Ghost in the Shell-y with the reveal that Skull isn't a real person, just a robot with implanted memories. Pretty brutal that he decapitated his own lackeys to prove a point what the heck...what if they weren't robots!?

So Black Ghost is dead "for real" now...riiiight. Until they inevitably get resurrected again for some future manga.

I was kinda shook to find out that Joe's hair is a wig (or maybe it's actually implanted into his scalp? IDK). It doesn't actually make any difference, I just never realized that was the case.

Dr. Gilmore and Dr. Tani being science bros was cute. Also enjoyed seeing Ivan (and his one eye) very briefly.

Nice picturesque ending with Joe and Francoise dropping 8-Man off at Sachiko's house and validating his humanity. Wholesome cyborgs supporting cyborgs.

Omake - Duel

A closer look at some 8-Man/Dr. Tani lore. I kinda wish they didn't include this tbh because it ended this volume on a depressing note.

Damn, if I was Ken I'd probably resent my dad too! Ken was like "you only love 8-Man!" and Dr. Tani was like "that's not true!" but then the second Ken dies Dr. Tani's just like "meh, at least I have 8-Man" lol. Poor Ken!

Speaking of poor Ken...that's one severe widow's peak. On top of having a craptastic life, he's also balding? Oh the humanity!

Dr. Tani acted like Ken being a cyborg with a human brain was a revelation of some sort? Sooo...if Dr. Tani wasn't the one to turn Ken into a cyborg, who did?

Ken's hero suit (or villain suit, I guess) literally just looks like he sharpied some fake pecs on lol. What a weird design choice.

As far as 1960s manga go, I think I prefer Cyborg 009's art style because it's more over-exaggerated and stylized. I think this allows it to hold up more. 8-Man feels more traditionally drawn (more proportional characters).

I'm kinda glad I got a glimpse into the authentic, OG 8-Man for greater context, but I'll also probably just read this again someday if I ever get to that part of MAL haha.

[thekimspoblog]

Reasons JimKim would be bad parents:

Criminal record would prevent them from adopting through the regular channels.

Most of Jimmy's interactions with children so far have ended badly. "Contributing to delinquency" is pretty much his whole MO.

[Insert flamewar about all the reasons they shouldn't be together in the first place]

OLD.

Kim's mommy issues.

[Insert flamewar about whether this would even be in-character for Kim to want this for herself]

She'd never get through nine months without a cigarette.

The fanart of them as DINKs is already so good; why mess with that?

"The world needs more white people," said no one.

Reasons JimKim would be great parents:

Jimmy already loves novelty mugs, ugly ties, and bad jokes.

Exhibit A: Swimmy the fish.

Kim has already had to take on a stern but nurturing role working as a juvenile PD. I could easily see them fostering some preteen she took an interest in.

Sometimes cold and distant =/= bad mom. If the love is unconditional, what else is there to say?

They would accept an LGBT child completely.

That scene near the end of BB when Walt is still fuming and planning revenge, and Jimmy's like "You realize Flynn and Holly are basically out on the street right now, RIGHT?!". Low bar but the point is this job calls for an instinct to put others first.

If your kid reaches adulthood with a perfect respect for law enforcement and corporate property, it means you've failed as a parent. And Wexler-McGill would be doomed to make a lot of mistakes, but never that one.

They wouldn't even need to have the discussion: she's the breadwinner, he's the homemaker.

Bob and Rhea both have families IRL and it would be cute to pull from that.

[armani-customs]

Winner of the 2005 Outstanding Book Award presented by the Crime and Juvenile Delinquency Division of the Society for the Study of Social Problems

This is the first comprehensive, accessible, and integrative overview of postmodernism's contribution to law, criminology, and social justice. The book begins by reviewing the major contributions of eleven prominent figures responsible for the development of French postmodern social theory. This "first" wave includes Roland Barthes, Jean Baudrillard, Hélène Cixous, Gilles Deleuze, Jacques Derrida, Michel Foucault, Félix Guattari, Luce Irigaray, Julia Kristeva, Jacques Lacan, and Jean-François Lyotard. Their respective insights are then linked to "second" wave scholars who have appropriated their conceptualizations and applied them to pressing issues in law, crime, and social justice research. Compelling and concrete examples are provided for how affirmative and integrative postmodern inquiry can function meaningfully in the world of criminal justice. Topics explored include confinement law and prison resistance; critical race theory and a jurisprudence of color; media/literary studies and feminism; restorative justice and victim-offender mediation processes; and the emergence of social movements, including innocence projects and intentional communities.

VEDETTE

[dismantling-jv-justice-funding]

Juvenile Justice Funding

The Basics

Three main sources of funding for JV facilities:

Federal

State

Fees

Federal Funding (Library of Congress, 2024)

There’s no federal JV justice system; the states have their own. However, the federal government provides some funding through grant programs administered by the Department of Justice’s (DOJ) Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). Grant programs are authorized by the Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention Act (JJDPA). JV justice is generally the states’ responsibility, but grants give the federal government influence. The JJDPA is the main way the federal government gives JV justice to the states, but there are non-JJDPA grant programs. These are still administered by the OJJDP and provided via the Juvenile Justice Programs Account in the annual Commerce, Justice, Science, and Related Agencies Appropriations Act.

(Federal Funding) Primary OJJDP-Administered Grant Programs and Their Funding in 2024 (Library of Congress, 2024)

Juvenile Mentoring Program ($104 million)

Victims of Child Abuse Act Grants ($41 million)

Title V Incentive Youth Promise Grants for Local Delinquency Prevention ($55 million)

State Formula Grant Program ($65 million): Formula Grants are distributed based on specific parameters decided by Congress. The OJJDP distributes funds from the State Formula Grant Program to each state based on its child population.

(Federal Funding) Last Year's Funding (Library of Congress, 2024)

Total Juvenile Justice Appropriation for the year 2024 = $375 million 

Down from last year                                      $25 million decrease 

Total Juvenile Justice Appropriation for the year 2023 = $400 million

More federal dollars in JV justice than there are people in the country. Entire U.S. pop (2024) = 340.1 million

Total annual federal JV justice funding, 2000-24 (Library of Congress, 2024).

Side Note: Public vs. Private

The government owns and funds public JV prisons. Third-party companies own private prisons, and the government contracts them. Because they get some of their funds through government contracts, JV justice facilities receive government funding in a roundabout way. This is the primary form of funding for private JV prisons. Private JV prisons also source funding through fees and philanthropy (Philanthropic Roundtable, 2021).

State Funding

Compared to federal JV justice funding, which primarily comes from OJJDP-administered grants, state JV justice funding is scattered. Because JV justice is mostly left up to the states, each state handles funding differently. Using Washington State as an example, several funding sources exist, separated across various state and local agencies. Some funding is mixed in with public school funding.

In Washington State, it costs $87,540 to incarcerate a child for one year (Justice Policy Institute, 2020).

During the 2022-23 school year, Washington State public school districts spent $1.3 billion on compensatory education instruction (special education programs), including state JV justice facilities (Senate Ways and Means Committee, 2024, p. 22).

Every two years, Washington State gives $38 million to county JV justice operations. These funds primarily go toward community-based programs and sentencing programs. In Washington State, the law limits local JV sentencing (Washington State Department of Children, Youth, and Families, 2023).

Until 2022, when SHB 2050 repealed RCW 13.40.220 (Washington State's Parent Pay Statute), parents had to financially contribute to their child's incarceration (Washington State Department of Children, Youth, and Families, 2022).

Fees

JV facilities also raise funds by collecting fees from inmates and their loved ones. Most JV and adult prisons charge for phone calls, commissary, and other "luxuries".

The First Step Act (2018) mandates free period products in federal prisons. This legislation doesn't apply to state facilities. Many states, including Washington State, don't have laws requiring free period products in their facilities. The Prison Flow Project keeps a list of all 50 states and their current laws around menstrual products in prison.

State laws on menstrual products in prison, by state. States with legislation are colored in, states without are not (The Prison Flow Project, 2023).

The Judge Patricia H. Clark Children and Family Justice Center, a youth detention facility in Washington State, charges child prisoners to call anyone besides parents/guardians. Washington State is currently sitting on $12 million in fees collected from JV and adult incarcerated people (Washington State Standard, 2024).

Menstrual products and phone calls are just two examples of the many unsuspecting fees that incarcerated children and their families pay for their own imprisonment.

The JV Justice System's Fiscal Cost

It's important to note that the true 'cost' of the JV justice system extends far beyond money. The emotional, physical, and mental trauma of the JV justice system impacts incarcerated children and their communities in ways that money can't express.

Incarcerating a child costs $214,620/year, as of 2020. That's up 44% from 2014 (Justice Policy Institute, 2020, p. 2).

Long-term Collateral Costs

Incarceration is relatively ineffective at preventing youth offenders from reoffending. Instead, serving time sets children up for re-offense, time spent in adult facilities, underemployment, and lower educational outcomes. These factors and more result in the U.S. spending an estimated $8 to $21 billion in long-term costs for JV incarceration.

There’s a data gap in measuring recidivism for juvenile offenders. 20% of state JV correctional agencies don’t track recidivism (The National Reentry Resource Center, 2014).

Where there is data, it shows that JV incarceration increases recidivism. In pretrial detention, how some jurisdictions hold youths to ensure they appear in court, increases a child's risk of recidivism by 1% each day (Cusworth-Walker et al., 2020). Aizer & Doyle (2013) found that JV incarceration increases the risk of adult recidivism between 22 and 26%.

“It’s outrageous how much this country spends to lock up a single child for a nonviolent offense…. On average, the state of Connecticut spends $134,000 per year to incarcerate just one child. When we lock up a child, not only are we wasting millions of taxpayer dollars, we’re setting him or her up for failure in the long run. The system as it exists now is unfair to everyone involved and needs to be changed.” - Senator Christopher Murphy, Connecticut

Incarcerating a child doesn't just cost $214,620/year; it costs potentially millions more after that child reoffends as an adult. By incarcerating a child, the JV justice system is likely creating a repeat offender, the adult justice system will pay to incarcerate down the line.

JV incarceration also leads to lower rates of academic and career success. Blomberg et al. (2011) found that children incarcerated for longer periods are less likely to return to school post-release. This lack of education later creates unemployment/underemployment. Incarcerated children are less likely to work full-time by their late 20s, according to Schaefer & Erickson (2016). Over 90% of this study's participants received education while behind bars, "...demonstrating that these long-term impacts stem not from lack of access to education, but from the actual conditions of confinement."

The unemployment/underemployment of adults incarcerated as children costs the government billions in lost tax revenue, up to $3.87 billion/year (Justice Policy Institute, 2014, p. 3).

Employment struggles and poverty cause many adults who were incarcerated as children to rely on Medicaid/Medicare. This costs up to $1.5 billion/year (Justice Policy Institute, 2014, p. 3). The long-term health effects of JV incarceration exacerbate these Medicaid/Medicare costs. Barnert et al. (2017) found that adults who were incarcerated, no matter how briefly, as children experienced worse health in adulthood. Adolescents involved with the justice system are more likely to experience depression, anxiety, asthma, and hypertension (Winkelman et al., 2017).

The list of often overlooked long-term collateral costs of JV incarceration goes on. Overall, it's clear that annual federal, state, and local spending on JV justice is only the tip of the iceberg.

"We could send [a juvenile justice youth] to Harvard for [what we pay for incarceration], and we don't get very good outcomes." - Gladys Carrion, Director of New York State Office of Children and Family Services

[offender42085]

Post 0672

Before and After

Samuel Scott Gray, South Carolina inmate 383041, born 2000, incarceration intake February 2020 at age 19, scheduled for release April 2028

Assault and Battery by a Mob, Burglary

In South Carolina, the crime of assault and battery by mob is defined as any act of violence inflicted by a group of 2 or more persons which results in either: (1) death, (2) serious bodily injury and/or (3) bodily injury to an individual or group of individuals. A “mob” occurs when two or more people assemble, without the authority to do so under law, for the premeditated purpose and intent to commit an act of violence against the person of an individual or the person of a group of individuals.

In April 2019, a man and a teen boy were charged for their connection to a crime spree in Oconee County, which resulted in an officer being injured.

According to an Oconee County Sheriff’s Office news release, a 15-year-old boy stole a relative’s vehicle and then went to pick up a 14-year-old girl.

The two teens then met up with another person who gave them a black Dodge Neon, and informed them the vehicle was stolen.

The juveniles then picked up Samuel Scott Gray.

According to the release, Gray and the teen boy tried to rob another person by force outside of the Bountyland Quick Stop in Bountyland .

Two hours later, Gray and the two teens drove the stolen vehicle into a ravine on Greenfield Road and Vine Road in Westminster.

According to the release, Good Samaritans made contact with the trio and tried to help them remove the vehicle from the ravine.

The Good Samaritans then saw that the suspects appeared to be impaired and said they were going to call police, which resulted in the suspects assaulting them and leaving the scene.

The suspects then crashed the vehicle near the area of Armstrong Road and Bypass 123 in Seneca. Gray reportedly ran from the scene and the teen boy resisted arrest, injuring an officer.

The teen girl stayed inside the vehicle.

Gray and the two teens were arrested. 

The injured officer was taken to Prisma Health Oconee Memorial Hospital, where he was treated and later released.

Gray was charged with two counts of contributing to the delinquency of a minor, possession of a stolen vehicle, attempted armed robbery, first-degree assault and battery and third-degree assault and battery.

The 15-year-old boy was charged with grand larceny, runaway, attempted armed robbery, first-degree assault and battery, possession of a stolen vehicle/receiving stolen property, resisting arrest, two counts of third-degree assault and battery, possession of tobacco and possesion of a controlled substance.

The girl was not charged.

3d

Last reviewed March 2025

[literaturereviewhelp]

Parenting among single African American women poses serious challenges. Scholars have developed an interest in investigating the challenges to find ways of helping these parents and reducing juvenile delinquency in the country. A study by Elliott, Powell, and Brenton (2015) shows that almost 50% of all marriages in the United States end up in divorce or separation. The personality that a child develops as an adult depends on the kind of parenting it received. Single African American mothers should not also feel like they are imprisoned by the circumstances of life. They deserve happiness and a feeling of being content even if they have to raise their sons on their own. In this section of the paper, the focus is to review existing literature to understand what other scholars have found out in this field of study. Stinson (2013) advises that one should conduct a review of relevant literature to identify knowledge gaps that should be addressed to avoid duplication of existing knowledge. That is why this section of the study is significant in determining the relevance of this report. Emerging Trends Single parenting is one of the emerging trends in the United States that is caused by numerous socio-economic and cultural forces beyond the control of the affected individuals. Emmen et al. (2013) observe that it is rare for a parent to get into a relationship with the primary goal of leading a single parent’s life. The ability to have a companion who can provide economic and emotional support in child upbringing is the desire of most Americans. However, the desire has not reduced cases of divorce in the country. According to Barnett and Scaramella (2013), divorce is one of the leading causes of single parenting in the country. Having children out of wedlock is another major concern in the country. A report by Jeynes (2015) indicates that children born out of wedlock in unstable relationships are more likely to become single parented than those born by married couples. Unfortunate events such as death also contribute to the increasing cases of single parenthood. Causes of Increasing Cases of Single Parenting Single parenting is becoming increasingly common in the United States. According to the study by Wang and Kenny (2014), one in every three children is single-parented in the country. The burden of taking care of children after divorce, separation, or dissertation by one of the parents often falls on mothers, as Stinson (2013) estimates that 83% of single-parent families are headed by a mother. They find themselves in challenging situations where they have to provide material and emotional support to all their children. One of the leading causes of single parenting is infidelity. Farley and Kim-Spoon (2014) observe that infidelity among men is not an emerging problem in American society. In fact, it was more prevalent in the past than it is in the current society. However, the problem is that the modern society, women are less forgiving and less tolerant compared to the women in the olden days. In the past, women were expected to be subordinate to their husbands. Their work was to stay at home and take care of the children as their husbands worked to provide for the family. It was not easy for women to lead a single life because of a culture that expected them not to work (Ford & Moore, 2013). However, that is changing rapidly in modern society. Women are increasingly getting empowered and less tolerant to cases of infidelity. When they realize that their partners are cheating on them, they would be quick to quit such relationships, leading to increased cases of single parenthood. According to Nobles (2013), the increasing number of women in the corporate world is another reason for the increased single parenting in modern American society. Most of the hurdles that hindered women from achieving career success in the corporate world have been eliminated. It means that women, just like men, are doing their best to achieve success in their workplaces. They spend a lot of time at work and have little time for the family, just as has been the case with men for a long time. Situations where a husband and a wife rarely have time together may sometimes cause strains in the family. Varner and Mandara (2013) argue that it may require a high degree of tolerance between the two partners to make things work. They also need to have a delicate balancing of time so that they can spare some time with family. The inability to plan the limited time properly and to understand the pressures that a partner is going through can easily create cracks in the family. It can easily lead to a separation or even a divorce among partners who may feel that the marriage has lost its true sense of purpose. Premarital affairs, as Stinson (2013) observes, is another issue that has led to increased cases of single parenting in American society. American adolescents have never enjoyed the kind of freedom they have today. The law has barred parents from mating corporal punishment whenever these children commit a mistake. The emergence of social media has also given teenagers a unique opportunity to explore the world and to socialize with ease (Williams, Priest, & Anderson, 2016). They end up experimenting a lot with their lives, and young girls end up being pregnant. Life of single parenting may begin at that tender age for such an unlucky girl. When the parent or guardian is not considerate enough to embrace the new member of the family, such a young mother may be thrown out of the house to start her own life and care for her child. In case the father to the child is another teenager who is still dependent on his family, it may force the mother to take care of the child on her own. Barnett and Scaramella (2013) argue that most teenage fathers often disappear from the lives of their children, never to be seen again. Once they start leading such a frustrating lifestyle, these young single mothers rarely get into stable relationships. They are more likely to hop from one unstable relationship to another than their colleagues who got married at the right age and started stable families. In the process of hopping from one relationship to another, they end up getting more children with men who are not keen on being responsible fathers. Death is another possible cause of single parenting, though it is not as common as it was in the past. Atzaba-Poria, Deater-Deckard, and Bell (2014) observe that improved technology and expertise in the field of medicine have helped in fighting some of the major diseases such as smallpox and coronary diseases. Life expectancy in the United States has been consistently going up. Despite these improvements, death often creeps into young families, forcing one of the parents to care for the children alone.   Many American soldiers in the service who have been sent to Iraq, Syria, Afghanistan, Kosovo and various other nations in the Middle East and North Africa regions lost their lives there (Nobles, 2013). Cancer, reckless driving, and other opportunistic diseases have claimed the lives of a significant proportion of Americans. Some end up dying in the hands of robbers, a few trigger-happy police officers who do not hesitate to shot at the slightest provocation, or random mass shooters. The Black Lives Matter campaign was started because of the increasing cases where police officers shoot unarmed African American men, sometimes without provocation (Gonzalez, Jones, & Parent, 2014). Such painful incidences would lead to a situation where the mother has to take care of their children in the absence of the father. Experiences of Single African American Mothers Single parenting is one of the biggest challenges that any woman can face in her life. According to Dunbar, Perry, Cavanaugh, and Leerkes (2015), being a single parent is as challenging to fathers as it is to mothers. When a person was used to having a constant helper loses support, the work at hand may be overwhelming. One of the biggest challenges that such a parent would face is providing for the economic needs of the family. The problem affects single mothers more severely than it does single fathers (Wilson, Henriksen, Bustamante, & Irby, 2016). It is worse for single African American women. Paying the mortgage or rent in time, ensuring that children are clothed, providing them with proper meals, and paying their school fees in time without having an increase in salary after the divorce, separation, or death of a partner may be an overpowering task for a single mother. She also has to ensure that the family enjoys access to social amenities and regular holidays, just like they were used to when both parents were available. Palombi (2016) observes that in most cases, such a parent may be forced to change the lifestyle of the family, only focusing on the basics. It is emotional torture to the parent, who has to deny their children the fun they use to enjoy, not because she wants to do so, but because the challenging economic situation makes it necessary. Nobles (2013) notes that many such parents are forced to take two or three jobs to make ends meet. Life suddenly becomes so burdensome that they forget to have fun. They immerse themselves into work, hoping that they will have some rest after seeing their children through their education and into adulthood. Haefner (2014) explains that such situations often turn the affected individuals into machines. Their main focus in life becomes nothing but work. They end up suppressing their social lives because of the desire to help their children achieve success in their lives. According to Cokley, Awosogba, and Taylor (2014), single parenting has an enormous psychological impact on parents. In a family where both parents are present, some issues do not even pass as a challenge. For instance, when these children reach the adolescent stage, sons will have their fathers to guide them through the issues they face in life so that they can grow into successful, responsible men. Read the full article

[beardedmrbean]

A former Louisiana mayor who resigned from office just days ago was arrested on Thursday on accusations she had sex with a minor, police said.

Misty Roberts, 42, was booked into the Beauregard Parish Detention Center on the charges of third degree rape and contributing to the delinquency of juveniles, Louisiana State Police said in a news release Thursday.

Police said that on Friday, the Beauregard Parish Sheriff's Office requested the state police's Special Victim's Unit investigate a complaint against Roberts for allegations of sexual relations with a juvenile.

Investigators interviewed two minors, one of whom was the alleged victim, police said, and both "confirmed Roberts had sexual intercourse with one juvenile victim while employed as Mayor," police said.

Roberts' attorney, Robert Johnson, released a statement, saying his client is innocent, WAFB-TV reported.

"My client learned late last night of a warrant, despite not being contacted to be interviewed prior to investigators obtaining the warrant," Johnson said. "My client maintains her innocence and, as it stands, she is in fact innocent. She has not been charged with a crime and/or convicted of any crime."

On Friday, Roberts initially said she would need to step away from the office for two weeks, but she resigned the very next day, WAFB-TV reported.

"For nearly 15 years, my love and passion for DeRidder has been my foundation while serving as Mayor," Roberts wrote. "This role has rewarded me with many great relationships. I am humbled to have witnessed the hard work that took a community to come together and overcome through unprecedented times. However, I must adjust my focus and priorities."

The former mayor turned herself in to investigators without incident on Thursday, police said.

Roberts was arrested at 10:13 a.m. and released at 11:30 a.m. on $75,000 bond, according to jail records from the Beauregard Parish Sheriff's Office.

According to the city's website, Roberts graduated from DeRidder High School in 2000 and received a Bachelor of Science in mass communications with an emphasis in public relations from McNeese State University in 2004. Before becoming mayor, she was the city's director of community service for nine years.

With a population of about 10,000, DeRidder is about 50 miles north of Lake Charles, Louisiana, not far from the Texas border.

[nursingwriter]

Effects of Trauma Part 1 Executive Summary The Big Brothers Big Sisters of America (BBBSA) seeks to change the lives of children facing adversity for the better. They serve youths from age 5 to young adults across the 50 states facing adversity, and BBBSA aims to stem juvenile delinquency in America. The organization serves youths by offering mentorship matches of Littles and Bigs. Through mentorship, the organization aims to offer the youth an opportunity to rise above their current situations and become productive community members. BBBSA is also involved in policy advocacy, where the organization focuses on eliminating racial discrimination in its workplace and society. Discrimination is rampant in the United States, and the organization tries to overcome it by using a diversity and inclusion policy implemented across all its agencies. The policy ensures that employees are treated with the utmost respect. They also treat clients and donors with the same respect regardless of race, color, religion, sexual orientation, or gender. The other problem is education inequity experienced in the United States. The education system is skewed and favors those from affluent areas. Children and youths from low-income areas have dilapidated classrooms, and they lack educational resources to assist them in their study journey. It was established that there is a discrepancy in the funding of schools. The results indicate some schools struggle to offer services to students due to a lack of funds. Schools in low-income areas receive less funding, making it hard to meet their operational needs. Recommendations are made to push for changes in the funding of schools to eliminate the reliance on property tax. The use of property tax means schools in low-income areas will receive less funding since the tax collected is low. Therefore, there is a need to substitute the funds through federal government contributions or create an education pool that equally funds all schools in the United States. Eliminating discrimination should begin at the school level by ensuring that all schools receive similar funding regardless of where the school is located. Introduction The Big Brothers Big Sisters of America (BBBSA) seeks to change the lives of children facing adversity for the better. They serve youths from age 5 to young adults across the 50 states facing adversity, and BBBSA aims to stem juvenile delinquency in America. The organization serves youths by offering mentorship matches of Littles and Bigs. Through mentorship, the organization aims to offer the youth an opportunity to rise above their current situations and become productive community members. BBBSA is also involved in policy advocacy, where the organization focuses on eliminating racial discrimination in its workplace and society. The organization has connected over 2 million Littles with Bigs in the past decade. The organization receives funding from the government and needs to increase its funding sources to ensure it manages to serve most of the youth who need its services. The organization is committed to inclusivity and diversity and makes the same promise to its employees, the community, and the clients it serves. The diversity and inclusivity policy demonstrates the organizations belief that everyone should be treated with dignity and respect regardless of their differences. The policy attempts to address the problem of differences in race, gender, ethnicity, or other things that make people different. Inclusion ensures that people feel a sense of belonging in the organization (Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, 2022a). The Justice, Equity, Diversity, and Inclusion (JEDI) Council is responsible for implementing the diversity and inclusion policy in the organization (Big Brothers Big Sisters of America, 2022b). The council was formed in 2021, and its purpose is to support the organizations long-standing commitment to empowering the youth. BBBSA recognizes the challenges youth face and attempts to create better opportunities for the youth of color by offering mentors who guide and direct the youth to better opportunities. To combat systemic racism, the best strategy would be to fight education inequalities. Eliminating education inequality begins with increasing funding for schools located in black communities (Bloome et al., 2018). Removing the property tax as the source of school funding will ensure schools in low-income areas receive the same funding as those in high-income areas. The federal and state governments should develop more major resources that ensure every child gets a fair share of the pie. Recommendation Recommendation 1: The organization needs to increase its funding sources and reduces its weaknesses. The over-reliance on government and donor funding is a challenge for the organization since its programs can be negatively impacted if it does not meet its funding requirements. Therefore, the organization should work towards increasing its revenue sources to reduce its reliance on government and donor funds. Being an autonomous organization will assist the organization in advocating for its clients. Recommendation 2: To reduce the competition from other similar organizations, BBBSA should look at diversifying its clients offerings. With a focus on majority Black youth, the organization limits its services and makes it look like it works mainly with the racial minority. Recommendation 3: The organization should implement an evaluation that uses metrics to measure the performance of the policy. All policies should be measured to assess their effectiveness. Therefore, using a performance measurement with set targets, the organization can conduct annual analysis and measurements to see if the policy is bringing the results expected (Worth, 2020). Performance measurement should include aspects that focus on clients (youths) and other stakeholders. Recommendation 4: Eliminating property tax as the source of school funding will ensure schools in low-income areas receive the same funding as those in high-income areas. There should be a way to ensure all schools receive equal funding. Without equal funding, schools in low-income areas will struggle and not have the necessary resources to achieve their goals. Recommendation 5: Provision of books for low-income families to expose their children to reading early. Exposing children to books and not television ensures children begin learning early, and they can develop a reading culture early. Exposure to books gives children the best foundation for learning, and they have a head start in their studies. Recommendation 6: To combat systemic racism, we need to take aggressive action to address policies, structures, and practices that contribute to the wealth gap, health disparities, and educational inequalities. BBBSA needs to push for policies that eradicate systemic racial discrimination. The policies should target changes that address not only the organization but also the country (Johnson et al., 2020). The biggest challenge is the decades or even centuries-long systemic discrimination that has taken place in the United States. References Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. (2022a). BBSA. https://www.bbbs.org/ Big Brothers Big Sisters of America. (2022b). Big Brothers Big Sisters of America New JEDI Council. https://www.bbbs.org/2021/10/big-brothers-big-sisters-of-america-new-jedi-council/ Bloome, D., Dyer, S., & Zhou, X. (2018). Educational inequality, educational expansion, and intergenerational income persistence in the United States. American Sociological Review, 83(6), 1215-1253. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122418809374 Johnson, V., Ellis, R. S., & Hutcherson, V. (2020). Evaluating a strategy for implementation and sustainability of school?based health centers in 3 disparate communities. Journal of School Health, 90(4), 286-294. https://doi.org/10.1111/josh.12875 Worth, M. J. (2020). Nonprofit management: Principles and practice (6th ed.). Sage. Part 2 eaction about the article Victim accompaniment has been proven to be effective in assisting and supporting victims when giving out testimony on human rights violations (New Tactics in Human Rights, n.d.). The use of accompaniment volunteers provided the victims with emotional and psychological support to address their re-traumatization. The commission recognized the importance of supporting and assisting the victims when giving out their testimonies. Without the support, most victims would have found it challenging to come forward and give their testimony. After giving their testimony, they would have no support for processing and dealing with the re-traumatization they experience by recalling the events of the trauma. There was a considerable number of people who came out and gave testimony. The vast number can be attributed to the accompaniment process, demonstrating the importance of supporting and guiding the victims before and after presenting their testimony. Reliving the trauma can be overwhelming for some people, and without the support, they might find it hard to state or speak about what they experienced. We should seek ways of using the accompaniment process for minors and other traumatized individuals to assist them when giving testimony. The accompaniment process will assist the testifiers in avoiding secondary trauma when testifying (New Tactics in Human Rights, n.d.). The avoidance will empower the victims to speak about their trauma, which might be helpful in processing and living with the trauma. The article demonstrates that we should be mindful of the victims we push to give testimony. From the victims perspective, they are forced to relive the trauma and recall information about what transpired, leaving them susceptible to re-traumatization. However, the victim can be supported with assistance and guidance before and after the testimony process. Community involvement allowed the victims to speak with others who experienced the same trauma. According to New Tactics in Human Rights (n.d.) the process used to support the victims ensured they had someone with them in all the steps of their testimony making. We might overlook the importance of accompaniment support, but it is the rock they need for the people giving the testimony. Part 3 1. Putting on your cultural lens, what are some of the reasons you might be seeing the symptoms that Ibrahim is presenting? The first reason for the symptoms presented by Ibrahim could be the trauma he suffered when the children were involved in the accident. Ibrahim is the firstborn, and he feels responsible for taking care of his brother and sister. When the accident happened, Ibrahim tried to keep his brother and sister close to him to protect them, but he could not reach his sister. Ibrahim had always been responsible for his siblings, and he felt he let his mother down when the accident occurred. He also blames himself for the accident because he believes it would not have happened had he not pushed for them to attend summer camp and the outings. The second reason is the accident and his inability to move made him feel like he was dead, and an image flashed to him, reminding him of a time when they were in the refugee camp when her mothers nephew was killed and how her mother sobbed. Ibrahim imagined how her mother would sob when she heard that her children were dead. The reminder demonstrates a traumatized child who did not receive support to manage and be taught how to handle the trauma he witnessed. The accident reminded him of how he saw his mother sobbing, and he did not want to be the cause of her sobbing again. Lastly, the accident reminded Ibrahim of the crowded refugee camp where he was born and raised in his early years and how his mother was overly protective of him. Ibrahims mother kept him close all the time, even when he began walking, and he never got the independence to explore the world by himself. When the accident happened, these memories flooded Ibrahims mind, and he got sick when he had to get on the school bus. The reminder of what happened with the school bus accident is why Ibrahim gets agitated towards the end of the school day. Also, he tends to avoid crowded areas that remind him of life at the refugee camp, where it was always crowded. 2. What are some of the possible explanations for Ibrahims reactions after the bridge collapse? Ibrahim had always felt responsible for his siblings, and he often accompanied them to and from school. The bridge collapse must have triggered traumatic memories of Ibrahims childhood when they lived at the refugee camp and the struggles they faced living amongst criminals. While he might have been a small child, Ibrahims brain was rapidly forming, and there were memory connections made of the life at the camp that was triggered when the bridge collapsed. The relocation to a new country and new lifestyle must have impacted Ibrahim. The move to the United States was positive for Ibrahim, and it would assist him later in life since he no longer lived in a refugee camp. However, the family had to move a couple more times before they settled to their current home, even after the move. The constant movement could make Ibrahim feel insecure, isolated, or angry. The bridge collapse must have triggered these feelings and could be why he kept on freezing when requested to move. Ibrahim was shaking too much and could barely move when they were being moved out of the bus. The shaking demonstrates the freeze mode of fear, where a person is suddenly unable to move due to the fear they have experienced. Once outside the bus, there was a burning smell that triggered his memory though he could not recall what he smelt. The smell could be something he smelt when he was a child, and the current smell of something burning triggered the memory. Since Ibrahims mother had kept him close to her when he was a child, he might have developed strong intuition to fear, and he relied on his mother to protect him. Therefore, after the bridge collapsed, he was alone, and there was no one to protect him, causing him to experience intense fear. 3. What do you think accounts for Ibrahims reaction during the rescue? His fear of people in uniform caused Ibrahims reaction during the rescue. When he was a child and lived in the refugee camp, his mother had always told him to fear policemen and soldiers. There was also the fear that the policemen could take them away and they would never see their mother again. When he was a child, the fear was instilled in him, and it was reinforced constantly. When he saw the men who looked like police, Ibrahim froze because he recalled what his mother had always told her about policemen and soldiers. His fear caused him to shake and cry, causing him to imagine the worst. When the policemen shouted at Ibrahim and his siblings, they worsened things. The shouting could remind him of what happened when the policemen would patrol the refugee camp and shout at people. Therefore, the shouting traumatized Ibrahim, making him uncertain if he should follow what they were suggesting or run away. The counselor seems to have noticed Ibrahims hesitance and seemed to understand what could be troubling him. The counselor assisted Ibrahim in exiting the bus and following the directions of the policemen because he had been trauma trained and he could assist clients suffering from trauma. Placing his hand on Ibrahims back reassured him that it would be okay and allowed Ibrahim to focus on what was happening around him and not his memories. When Ibrahim hesitated to follow the policemen, the counselor put a hand on Ibrahims should and showed him the other children who had been taken safely to the shore. After the reassurance, he agreed to move toward the men in uniforms. The sight of the other children being taken to safer grounds and not being taken away by the men in uniform reassured him that it was safe to go with the policemen. 4. How do the core concepts of trauma inform your answers? The core concepts assist onein seeing how inherently complex traumatic events can be for children and understanding how to spot them (NCTSN Core Curriculum on Childhood Trauma Task Force, 2012). Children could be leading everyday lives, and their trauma can be triggered by anything in their current lives. Adults always assume children cannot be traumatized, and we believe that they had forgotten what they might have experienced when they were younger. However, this is never the case because childrens brains are developing, and during their formative years, they tend to capture and recall more than what people assume. The case of Ibrahim is a clear demonstration of how traumatic events in childhood can be triggered later in life by something unrelated. The sight of the people in uniform was enough to remind Ibrahim about what his mother always told him regarding policemen and soldiers. Her mother was telling the truth based on their life at the camp, but this all changed when they moved to the United States. Therefore, Ibrahim should have been taught that police were helpful and would not take him away from his mother. Traumatic events will always generate secondary adversities, as demonstrated by Ibrahim (NCTSN Core Curriculum on Childhood Trauma Task Force, 2012). The bridge collapse can be assumed to cause his fear of attending school. We realize that the bridge collapse triggered childhood memories that Ibrahim was unaware of on further analysis. The mind had stored these memories, and they came to life when he faced the traumatizing event of seeing the bridge collapsing. By looking at the core concepts, we can see how the symptoms presented by Ibrahim are not related to any condition or disease. Instead, they are caused by his childhood experiences. Different things need to be considered before determining what is causing the current presenting symptoms. Using the core concepts assists the practitioner in uncovering underlying traumatic events that had been forgotten. 5. How might the mothers prior trauma and loss in Somalia and the refugee camp affect her parenting and behavior in the aftermath of the event? In the aftermath of the event, Ibrahims mother might experience traumatic memories reminding her of her life in the refugee camp and how unsafe it was living there. The memories could make her more fearful of letting her children attend school and allowing them to take a bus. The mother experienced multiple atrocities that she had never been treated for during her childhood. These atrocities could make her more reserved and unwilling to let her children go out of her sight (Miki et al., 2019). When she lived in the refugee camp, she feared the security and kept Ibrahim with her all the time, even when he started walking. The aftermath of the event could make her result to the same, and this would change her parenting style. The same fear she instilled in Ibrahim of policemen, she could instill another of bridges or traveling to the children. Whatever fear Ibrahims mother develops, it would be instilled in the children. As a result, the loss she suffered in Somalia could be triggered by the event, making her relive the trauma. She lost a nephew who was killed in Somalia, and the memory of this loss could make her change her parenting style. The loss could make her more fearful of her children exploring the world by themselves, and she might never allow them to go on such trips again. She was already reserved about the children attending the summer camp. When presented with the same idea, she is likely to refuse even after being reassured about the childrens safety. Ibrahims mother is likely to become overly protective as she used to be when they lived in the refugee camp. Her willingness to let her children explore and experience different aspects of the world could be changed. Read the full article