#flux was horizontal complexity

[dandelionjack]

ohbhh my god the. stuff belonging to all of nick’s exes the. baggage in the self storage. literal baggage about to get blown up. past companions. ‘everyone was grieving and then i sort of stepped in to help, family obligation. sort of became my life, really, while i wasn’t looking’ i don’t know what i’m saying anymore.

[integrating-sphere]

Introduction In the rapidly advancing field of LED lighting, the LED Tester has become an essential tool for ensuring that light sources meet rigorous international standards for performance and efficiency. LEDs, renowned for their high efficiency, energy savings, and environmental benefits, are widely utilized in applications ranging from indoor and outdoor lighting to display technologies, agricultural lighting, and specialized illumination systems. Accurate measurement of photometric, colorimetric, and electrical parameters is critical to ensuring LED quality, reliability, and market competitiveness. The LSG-6000 Rotating Detector Vertical Goniophotometer (Full-Space Goniophotometer), developed by Shanghai LISUN LED Test Equipment Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as LISUN), is a cutting-edge LED Tester designed to measure light intensity distribution and luminous flux with unparalleled precision, fully compliant with LM-79-19 standards. This article explores the technical principles, advanced features, diverse applications, and transformative contributions of the LSG-6000 LED Tester to the global LED testing industry. LM-79 Moving Detector Goniophotometer (Mirror Type C) Technical Principles of the LSG-6000 LED Tester The LSG-6000 LED Tester is a C-type photometric measurement system engineered as a full-space goniophotometer, leveraging advanced rotating detector technology to measure the three-dimensional light intensity distribution of LED sources and calculate luminous flux through spatial integration. Its design adheres to stringent standards set by the International Commission on Illumination (CIE) and the Illuminating Engineering Society (IES), including LM-79-19, EN13032-1 Clause 6.1.1.3 (Type 4 Goniophotometer), and CIE S025, ensuring global applicability. Light Intensity Distribution Measurement The LSG-6000 LED Tester employs a sophisticated moving detector and mirror system to rotate around the LED source in both horizontal and vertical planes, capturing light intensity data (measured in candelas, cd) at various angles. With an angular accuracy of 0.05° and a resolution of 0.001°, the LED Tester generates highly precise three-dimensional light intensity distribution curves. The testing distance is customizable, ranging from 5 to 30 meters, accommodating a broad spectrum of LED sources, from compact modules used in consumer electronics to large-scale streetlights and floodlights. Spectral and Colorimetric Analysis The LSG-6000 LED Tester can be seamlessly integrated with LISUN’s LPCE-2 high-precision CCD spectroradiometer, enabling comprehensive measurement of spatially correlated color temperature (CCT), color rendering index (CRI), spectral power distribution, and other colorimetric parameters. This integrated capability makes the LED Tester exceptionally suited for evaluating complex LED sources, such as multi-color LEDs or those with tailored spectral outputs for specialized applications. Environmental Compensation To ensure measurement accuracy, the LSG-6000 LED Tester incorporates environmental monitoring modules that compensate for variables such as temperature fluctuations, humidity, and power instability. This feature is critical for maintaining consistent results in diverse testing conditions, from controlled laboratory environments to industrial production lines. • Key Features of the LSG-6000 LED Tester The LISUN LSG-6000 LED Tester is distinguished by its innovative design and advanced technical capabilities, positioning it as a leading solution in the LED testing industry. • Unmatched Precision and Reliability The LSG-6000 LED Tester integrates Japanese Mitsubishi servo motors and German high-precision angle decoders, ensuring smooth and accurate movement of the detector and mirror system. A cross-laser alignment device facilitates rapid and precise positioning of the LED source, minimizing installation errors. The photometric detector achieves Class L accuracy (per DIN5032-6/CIE pub1. No. 69), delivering reliable measurements even for low-luminance LED sources, which are increasingly common in energy-efficient lighting designs. • Comprehensive Multi-Parameter Testing As a versatile LED Tester, the LSG-6000 supports an extensive range of photometric parameters, including light intensity distribution, zonal luminous flux, luminaire efficiency, luminance distribution, unified glare rating (UGR), isolux curves, and effective beam angle. When paired with a spectroradiometer, it also measures colorimetric parameters such as CCT, CRI, spectral distribution, and agricultural lighting metrics like photosynthetically active radiation (PAR) and photosynthetic photon flux density (PPFD). This multi-parameter capability makes the LED Tester a one-stop solution for comprehensive LED evaluation. • Broad Compatibility Across Light Sources The LSG-6000 LED Tester supports a rotation range of ±180° (or 0–360°), with adjustable testing distances to accommodate various light sources, including LEDs, high-intensity discharge (HID) lamps, fluorescent lamps, grow lights, streetlights, and floodlights. Its software generates output files in formats such as IES, LDT, and CIE, which are compatible with lighting design software like DiaLux, enabling seamless integration into practical lighting design workflows. • Intelligent and User-Friendly Operation Equipped with English-language testing software compatible with Windows 7/8/10, the LSG-6000 LED Tester communicates via RS-485/USB interfaces. Users can configure testing distances, illuminance values, and other parameters through an intuitive interface, generating 3D light intensity distribution graphs and detailed reports with ease. The software’s cloud-based data management capabilities further enhance efficiency by enabling remote access and analysis, making it ideal for large-scale testing operations. • Robust and Durable Design The LSG-6000 LED Tester is built with high-quality components to ensure long-term reliability and minimal maintenance costs. Its robust construction and automated testing processes make it suitable for high-intensity, continuous use in industrial settings. Application Scenarios of the LSG-6000 LED Tester The multifaceted capabilities of the LSG-6000 LED Tester make it a vital tool across diverse industries, enabling compliance with international standards and meeting the evolving demands of the global lighting market. • LED Lighting Design and Optimization In indoor and outdoor lighting design, the LSG-6000 LED Tester provides precise light intensity distribution and luminous flux data, enabling designers to optimize LED luminaire layouts. For example, LED streetlights require uniform light distribution to minimize glare and ensure safety. The LED Tester’s isolux curves and UGR data guide designers in adjusting luminaire angles and power settings to achieve optimal illumination performance. • LED Quality Control in Manufacturing LED manufacturers rely on the LSG-6000 LED Tester for quality assurance in mass production, ensuring compliance with standards like LM-79-19. Its high-precision measurements detect issues such as lumen depreciation, color shifts, or inconsistencies in light output, enhancing product reliability and boosting market competitiveness. The LED Tester’s automated testing capabilities streamline quality control processes, reducing production costs and time-to-market. • Agricultural Lighting Optimization In agricultural lighting, the LSG-6000 LED Tester, when integrated with a spectroradiometer, measures PAR and PPFD to optimize LED grow lights’ spectral and luminous flux distribution. This enhances photosynthesis efficiency, enabling tailored lighting solutions for specific crops, such as leafy greens, fruiting plants, or medicinal herbs. The LED Tester’s data-driven insights help farmers achieve higher yields and more sustainable agricultural practices. • Specialized Lighting Testing The LSG-6000 LED Tester is ideal for testing traffic signal lights, LED automotive headlights, and other specialized sources, ensuring visibility and safety in challenging environments. Its high angular resolution excels in evaluating the performance of directional LED sources, making it a preferred choice for applications requiring precise light distribution control. • Research and Development In R&D settings, the LSG-6000 LED Tester supports the development of next-generation LED technologies by providing detailed photometric and colorimetric data. Researchers can use the LED Tester to evaluate new materials, optical designs, or spectral configurations, accelerating innovation in fields like smart lighting and human-centric lighting. Technical Advantages of the LSG-6000 LED Tester The LISUN LSG-6000 LED Tester stands out in the LED testing industry due to its unique combination of advanced features and practical benefits: • Global Standards Compliance: Fully adheres to LM-79-19, EN13032-1, and CIE S025, ensuring test results are recognized worldwide. • Modular and Integrated Design: Supports seamless integration with integrating spheres, spectroradiometers, and other testing equipment for comprehensive photometric, colorimetric, and electrical analysis. • Efficiency and Durability: High-quality motors and detectors ensure stable operation and low maintenance costs, making the LED Tester suitable for long-term, high-intensity use. • Customized Solutions: LISUN offers tailored testing distances and fixtures to accommodate diverse LED luminaire sizes and testing scenarios, providing flexibility for various applications. • Scalability for Industrial Use: The LED Tester’s automated workflows and cloud-based data management support large-scale testing operations, enhancing productivity in manufacturing environments. Challenges in LED Testing and LISUN’s Solutions LED testing presents several challenges, including measuring low-luminance LEDs, handling complex spectra, and improving testing efficiency. The LSG-6000 LED Tester addresses these challenges through innovative solutions: • Low-Luminance Testing: The LED Tester employs near-field and far-field detectors to mitigate data inaccuracies in low-luminance LED testing, ensuring reliable results for energy-efficient light sources. • Complex Spectra Management: Integration with high-precision CCD spectroradiometers (wavelength accuracy ±0.5 nm, chromaticity accuracy ±0.0015) minimizes errors in measuring multi-color LEDs or sources with complex spectral profiles. • Automation for Efficiency: Fully automated testing supports long-duration tests (e.g., LM-80, up to 6,000 hours) without human intervention, significantly improving productivity and reducing labor costs. Future Outlook for LED Testers As LED technology advances toward higher luminous efficacy, broader color gamuts, and smarter applications, LED Testers must evolve to meet these demands with greater precision and intelligence. LISUN is committed to enhancing the LSG-6000 LED Tester by integrating artificial intelligence algorithms for real-time data analysis and adaptive calibration, improving both accuracy and efficiency. Additionally, by actively participating in international standards development, LISUN aims to unify global LED testing protocols, ensuring consistency and reliability across the industry. Future iterations of the LED Tester may also incorporate advanced sensors for real-time environmental monitoring and predictive maintenance, further streamlining testing processes. Conclusion The Shanghai LISUN LSG-6000 LED Tester, with its high precision, multifunctionality, and intelligent design, sets a new standard in LED photometric testing. From optimizing lighting designs to ensuring product quality, advancing agricultural lighting, and supporting specialized illumination applications, this LED Tester delivers exceptional performance and versatility. Through continuous innovation, customized solutions, and a commitment to global standards, LISUN is driving the evolution of LED Tester technology, contributing to a brighter, more sustainable future for the global lighting industry. As LEDs continue to transform how we illuminate our world, the LSG-6000 LED Tester stands at the forefront, empowering manufacturers, designers, and researchers to achieve excellence in lighting performance. Read the full article

[superontechnik]

Flux Core Wire: A Reliable Welding Solution by Superon

 In the ever-evolving world of welding, choosing the right consumables is key to achieving precision, strength, and efficiency. One such essential component in modern welding processes is the flux core wire. Known for its versatility and performance, flux core wire is widely used across industries such as construction, shipbuilding, fabrication, and automotive repair. As a trusted name in the welding industry, Superon offers premium-grade flux core wires that meet the demanding needs of professionals around the globe.

What is Flux Core Wire?

Flux core wire, or flux-cored arc welding (FCAW) wire, is a tubular wire filled with flux. When it melts during the welding process, the flux produces a shielding gas and slag, which protects the weld from atmospheric contamination. This makes it ideal for outdoor welding and high-speed applications, even in challenging environments.

There are two main types of flux core wires:

Self-Shielded Flux Core Wire (FCAW-S): Does not require external shielding gas. Perfect for outdoor or windy conditions.

Gas-Shielded Flux Core Wire (FCAW-G): Requires a separate shielding gas for higher quality welds and is typically used indoors.

Advantages of Using Flux Core Wire

At Superon, our flux core wires are engineered to deliver superior performance, even in harsh conditions. Here are the key benefits:

High Deposition Rates: Increases productivity with faster welds and minimal downtime.

Excellent Penetration: Ideal for thick materials, heavy-duty structures, and multi-pass welding.

Works Well Outdoors: Particularly useful in windy environments where gas-shielded MIG welding may fail.

All-Position Welding: Certain types of flux core wire support flat, vertical, horizontal, and overhead welding.

Reduced Cleanup: Although it forms slag, it peels off easily, leaving behind clean welds.

Applications Across Industries

Superon’s flux core wire is used in a variety of sectors, thanks to its efficiency and adaptability:

Structural Steel Fabrication: For buildings, bridges, and heavy steel frameworks.

Shipbuilding: Suitable for thick metal plates and complex joint configurations.

Automotive Repair and Manufacturing: Offers speed and strength for chassis and structural parts.

Pipeline Welding: Provides deep penetration and strong welds for critical infrastructure.

General Maintenance and Repair: A go-to solution for on-site welding jobs in tough conditions.

Why Choose Superon Flux Core Wire?

As one of the leading welding consumable manufacturers in India, Superon delivers exceptional quality and performance in every product. Our flux core wires are developed using advanced technology, ensuring consistent wire feeding, stable arcs, and superior weld strength.

ISO-Certified Manufacturing

Complies with AWS and BIS Standards

Engineered for Low Spatter and Smooth Arc Performance

Available in Various Sizes and Specifications

Backed by Strong Technical Support and R&D

Final Thoughts

If you're looking for a robust, versatile, and cost-effective welding solution, flux core wire from Superon is the ideal choice. Designed for both indoor precision and outdoor endurance, our products deliver unmatched quality in every weld. Whether you're a small-scale fabricator or a large infrastructure company, Superon’s flux core wire ensures strength, efficiency, and reliability in every job.

Get in touch with Superon today to learn more about our complete range of welding solutions.

[nouveaux24]

Why E7018 is the Go-To Electrode for Structural Welding

When it comes to structural welding, the E7018 electrode is the preferred choice for many welders and engineers worldwide. Its versatility, reliability, and superior performance in creating strong welds make it indispensable in a wide range of applications, from heavy-duty construction to manufacturing. But what exactly makes the E7018 electrode so popular in the structural welding industry

Welding Electrode Manufacturer

1. High Tensile Strength

The "70" in E7018 indicates a tensile strength of 70,000 psi (pounds per square inch). This high tensile strength ensures that the welds created with this electrode can withstand significant stress, which is crucial in structural welding where the integrity of joints is paramount. Welders trust the E7018 for projects that require durability and strength, such as bridges, buildings, and industrial machinery.

2. Low-Hydrogen Coating

The E7018 is classified as a low-hydrogen electrode, meaning it minimizes the risk of hydrogen-induced cracking. This is a critical feature, especially in structural welding, where hydrogen embrittlement can compromise the strength and longevity of a weld. The low-hydrogen characteristic helps ensure that welds remain strong, even in challenging environments or after years of service.

The electrode's flux coating absorbs minimal moisture, reducing the risk of introducing hydrogen into the weld puddle. This is particularly useful for welding thicker sections of metal, as it prevents internal stresses and cracks from forming.

Welding Consumable Manufacturer

3. Smooth and Stable Arc

Welders often praise the E7018 for its smooth and stable arc. This makes it easier to work with, especially when precision is required in structural welding projects. A consistent arc means less spatter, cleaner welds, and fewer defects—factors that contribute to the electrode’s popularity in critical structural applications.

4. Excellent Penetration and Bead Appearance

One of the primary reasons welders prefer the E7018 electrode is its excellent penetration and smooth bead appearance. Penetration is key in structural welding because it ensures the weld reaches deep into the base metals, forming a strong bond that can handle high loads. The E7018 provides deep penetration without the risk of burn-through, even in vertical and overhead positions.

The bead appearance is equally important. A clean, well-formed bead not only looks professional but also signifies a solid, defect-free weld. The E7018's easy slag removal further contributes to this, allowing welders to produce visually appealing and strong welds with minimal post-weld cleaning.

Welding Rod Manufacturer

5. All-Position Electrode

The E7018 is an all-position electrode, which means it can be used for flat, vertical, horizontal, and overhead welding. In structural welding, where welders often have to work in difficult or awkward positions, this flexibility is invaluable. It allows welders to achieve consistent results regardless of the position or orientation of the weld, making it perfect for complex structural projects.

6. Versatile Application

While the E7018 is a staple in structural welding, its versatility extends beyond just heavy construction. It is used in industries ranging from shipbuilding to pipeline construction, as well as in general fabrication projects. This wide range of applications is due to its ability to work effectively on both carbon steel and low-alloy steels.

7. Meeting Industry Standards

For structural welding projects, meeting stringent industry standards is non-negotiable. The E7018 electrode is widely recognized and approved by various welding codes, such as the American Welding Society (AWS) and the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM). Its compliance with these standards ensures that welds meet the required levels of quality, safety, and performance in structural applications.

E7018 Welding Electrode Manufacturer

8. Resilience in Harsh Conditions

Structural welding often takes place in less-than-ideal environments. Whether it's extreme temperatures, high humidity, or outdoor conditions, the E7018 electrode is known for its resilience. It performs well in cold or damp environments when properly stored and dried in an electrode oven before use. This resilience makes it a reliable choice for outdoor construction projects and repairs.

Conclusion

The E7018 welding electrode is favored in structural welding for good reason. Its high tensile strength, low-hydrogen properties, stable arc, and all-position versatility make it a dependable tool for creating strong, durable welds. Whether you're working on a skyscraper, bridge, or industrial plant, the E7018 electrode ensures that your welds meet the highest standards of strength and safety. It's no wonder this electrode has earned its place as the go-to choice for structural welding projects around the globe.

By understanding the benefits and best practices of using E7018, welders can ensure the success of their structural projects, delivering results that stand the test of time.

[bobmartinblogs]

What are the advantages of using a TIG welder for stainless steel?

When it comes to welding stainless steel, a TIG welder offers several advantages that can significantly enhance the quality and efficiency of your work. TIG (Tungsten Inert Gas) welding is known for its precision and control, making it an ideal choice for stainless steel applications. If you're considering using a TIG welder machine for your stainless steel projects, here are some key advantages to keep in mind.

Superior Control and Precision

One of the most significant advantages of using a TIG welder for stainless steel is the level of control and precision it provides. TIG welding allows for a highly controlled heat input, which is crucial when working with stainless steel. This control helps to minimize the risk of warping, distortion, and overheating, which can be common issues with other welding methods.

Arc Stability: The TIG welding process offers a stable and consistent arc, which is essential for producing clean, high-quality welds on stainless steel. This stability allows for better control over the heat and ensures a more precise weld bead.

Heat Control: With TIG welding, you can adjust the heat input more accurately, which is important for stainless steel due to its low thermal conductivity. This precise control helps prevent overheating and burn-through, ensuring a stronger and more reliable weld.

Clean and Aesthetic Welds

TIG welding is renowned for its ability to produce clean, aesthetically pleasing welds. When welding stainless steel, achieving a smooth, visually appealing finish is often important, particularly in applications where the welds will be visible.

Minimal Spatter: One of the benefits of TIG welding is that it produces very little spatter compared to other welding methods. This means less post-weld cleanup and a cleaner final appearance, which is especially valuable when working with stainless steel.

No Flux Residue: Unlike some other welding processes, TIG welding does not require flux, so there is no residue left behind. This results in a cleaner weld and reduces the need for additional finishing work.

Versatility and Capability

The TIG welder machine process is highly versatile and capable of welding a wide range of materials, including various grades of stainless steel. This versatility is a major advantage for those working on projects that involve different types of stainless steel alloys.

Different Stainless Steel Grades: TIG welders can handle various grades of stainless steel, from the more common 304 and 316 grades to specialized alloys. This flexibility allows for greater adaptability in your welding projects.

Thin Material Welding: TIG welding is particularly effective for welding thin sections of stainless steel. The precise control and low heat input make it possible to weld thin materials without causing distortion or burn-through.

Reduced Heat-Affected Zone (HAZ)

The heat-affected zone (HAZ) is the area of the base metal that has been altered by the welding process. In stainless steel welding, managing the HAZ is crucial to maintaining the material's integrity and properties.

Smaller HAZ: TIG welding produces a smaller heat-affected zone compared to other methods. This is beneficial for stainless steel because it helps maintain the material's corrosion resistance and mechanical properties, which can be compromised by excessive heat.

Less Risk of Decarburization: TIG welding reduces the risk of decarburization (loss of carbon from the steel) in the HAZ, which helps preserve the strength and durability of the stainless steel.

Enhanced Welding Position Flexibility

Another advantage of using a best TIG welder for stainless steel is the ability to weld in various positions. TIG welding allows for greater flexibility in welding positions, which can be particularly useful for complex or overhead welds.

Position Versatility: TIG welders can be used effectively in flat, horizontal, vertical, and overhead positions. This versatility is important for projects that require welding in different orientations or hard-to-reach areas.

Control in Difficult Positions: The precise control offered by TIG welding makes it easier to manage the welding process in challenging positions, ensuring consistent results even in less accessible areas.

Cleaner Environment and Safety

TIG welding provides a cleaner and safer welding environment, which is an important consideration for both professional and hobbyist welders.

Less Fume Generation: Compared to some other welding processes, TIG welding generates fewer fumes and gases, which contributes to a cleaner work environment. This is particularly important when working with stainless steel, which can produce harmful fumes.

No Need for Protective Flux: Since TIG welding does not use flux, there is no need to manage flux residue or deal with associated hazards. This simplifies the welding process and improves overall safety.

Availability of the Best TIG Welders

If you’re looking to invest in a TIG welder for sale machine for stainless steel projects, there are many options available for purchase. The best TIG welder models are designed with features that enhance performance and ease of use, making them ideal for stainless steel welding.

Advanced Features: Look for TIG welders for sale that offer advanced features such as precise heat control, adjustable settings, and compatibility with various tungsten electrodes. These features will help you achieve the best results in your stainless steel welding projects.

Brand Reliability: Consider well-known brands with a reputation for quality and reliability. The best TIG welder brands offer durable machines with excellent performance and customer support.

Conclusion

Using a TIG welder for stainless steel offers numerous advantages, including superior control, clean welds, versatility, and a reduced heat-affected zone. These benefits make TIG welding an excellent choice for stainless steel applications, whether you’re working on intricate projects or large-scale fabrication. By choosing the right TIG welder machine and understanding the process, you can achieve high-quality, aesthetically pleasing welds that meet your project requirements. If you’re in the market for a TIG welder, exploring the best TIG welders for sale will help you find a machine that delivers exceptional performance and results.

[thelonguepuree]

In the advanced capitalist world today, it is the seeming absence of any such prospect as a proximate or even distant horizon—the lack, apparently, of any conjecturable alternative to the imperial status quo of a consumer capitalism—that blocks the likelihood of any profound cultural renovation comparable to the great Age of Aesthetic Discoveries in the first third of this century. Gramsci’s words still hold good: ‘The crisis consists,’ he wrote, ‘precisely in the fact that the old is dying and the new cannot be born; in this interregnum a great variety of morbid symptoms appears.’ It is legitimate to ask, however: could anything be said in advance as to what the new might be? One thing, I think, might be predicted. Modernism as a notion is the emptiest of all cultural categories. Unlike the terms Gothic, Renaissance, Baroque, Mannerist, Romantic or Neo-Classical, it designates no describable object in its own right at all: it is completely lacking in positive content. In fact, as we have seen, what is concealed beneath the label is a wide variety of very diverse—indeed incompatible—aesthetic practices: symbolism, constructivism, expressionism, surrealism. These, which do spell out specific programmes, were unified post hoc in a portmanteau concept whose only referent is the blank passage of time itself. There is no other aesthetic marker so vacant or vitiated. For what once was modern is soon obsolete. The futility of the term, and its attendant ideology, can be seen all too clearly from current attempts to cling to its wreckage and yet swim with the tide still further beyond it, in the coinage ‘post-modernism’: one void chasing another, in a serial regression of self-congratulatory chronology. If we ask ourselves, what would revolution (understood as a punctual and irreparable break with the order of capital) have to do with modernism (understood as this flux of temporal vanities), the answer is: it would surely end it. For a genuine socialist culture would be one which did not insatiably seek the new, defined simply as what comes later, itself to be rapidly consigned to the detritus of the old, but rather one which multiplied the different, in a far greater variety of concurrent styles and practices than had ever existed before: a diversity founded on the far greater plurality and complexity of possible ways of living that any free community of equals, no longer divided by class, race or gender, would create. The axes of aesthetic life would, in other words, in this respect run horizontally, not vertically. The calendar would cease to tyrannize, or organize, consciousness of art. The vocation of a socialist revolution, in that sense, would be neither to prolong nor to fulfil modernity, but to abolish it.

Perry Anderson, from “Modernity and Revolution” (1984)

[prismarine-blocks]

modpacks we've played

doubles as a handy list for ourselves and for our followers that want to check out modpacks

(not intended to be listed from most to least favorite but it accidentally ended up that way so uhh oops)

stoneblock / sb2

general thoughts: second one is much more polished and better. definitely good for multiple people to work on at once as a team. random rewards are actually useful and can give you good stuff early on!

thoughts on mods: thaumcraft is useless but is actually pretty cool if you choose to get into it. draconic is *chef's kiss* so fucking sexy, along with tinkers construct. resource chickens are GREAT. fluid cows need some polishing and take a stupid amount of wheat and time to get places with. anything past draconic (project E and so on) terrifies me so we haven't done much with it

thermal expansion is GREAT, the little machines make the best noises (esp. the pulverizer. ahhhh). flux networks is also great and i love the interface! ae2 is a pain but arguably fun to work with. i don't use immersive engineering for much tbh but it's good for making cloches :3

other mods are also useful but these are the ones i know off the top of my head by name

tips:

start chickens early on! they are great for getting loads of resources in the beginning of the game- most resources can be obtained through chickens. also, you can stack up to 16 chickens and breed them up to 10/10/10 in stats- if you do that, they'll give you 3 of their item about every second ago

yes, chicken boxes (nesting & breeding) are affected by the acceleration wand. NO they are NOT affected by imaginary time blocks. sorry lads

DO NOT EVEN THINK ABOUT CURSED EARTH UNLESS YOU ARE READY. enclose that shit in obsidian and have water buckets ready to turn it off in case something goes wrong. also, a little goes a very, very long way

have at least one cloche for wheat. you'll need both the seeds and the wheat itself (if you have too much wheat and not enough seeds, you can get one seed from 2 wheat in your crafting panel)

don't worry about the inventory crafting extension. it's cool and all but if you're anything like me you'll either forget you have it or hate it because it doesn't use the same interface as crafting tables/stations

the ME system (computer) is super time consuming to build but also extremely fucking useful. do yourself a favor and build that before any mob farms. your storage space will thank you

don't forget to add in optifine if you like to use it, and also be sure to slap this mod (not the rewritten version! that one may not work) in there so you can grow top tier inferium + nether star seeds in the cloches. note that you CAN'T grow neutronium in there, sorry :(

challenge ideas:

actually use thaumcraft lol

don't use the mining dimension. for this you'll need to do a LOT of hammering and sieving- luckily there are autohammers/sieves just for this! :)

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skyfactory 4

general thoughts: hehe skyblock

really though, fun pack! great for working on as a team. in fact i'd honestly recommend it

thoughts on mods: sky orchards is time consuming but it's a nice way to gather resources! haven't used resource hogs at all, honestly not sure if they're necessary. tinkers is here and i LOVE the porcelain smeltery. very compact, very cute. can't remember a lot of other mods right now but the pack is generally pretty nice™

tips:

you can't smelt cobble in the porcelain smeltery to get seared stone, so try to use petrified resin blocks instead

get hopping bonsais asap! also remember that they need to be on a chest to deposit their contents

slab chests aren't really worth it. slab furnaces and tables though..... Slightly more worth it. i still wouldn't really recommend them except for the achievement tbh

if you don't want a super horizontal base, build up! you have a LOT of room to build upwards, and you have the ability to climb walls (jump, shift + w, then tap shift while holding w to get to the top)

if you're in a snowy biome, put something above your smeltery. snow will break it if it starts building up layers on the inside

slime boots are your best friend! great for if you accidentally fall off. easiest way to get them is building a smeltery and then standing in it for the congealed blood

nether portals don't work, don't spend time on making one! check out the cakes instead (just make sure you aren't making xl food mod ones)

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compact claustrophobia

general thoughts: literal actual hell in a cube. fun! not the best for multiple people to work on as a team; there are certain places where the quest trees kinda bottleneck and it's difficult for people to work on the same thing. don't recommend if playing in tight spaces actually affects your claustrophobia

and yes. the fart sounds stop being funny after a while. like the second time tbh

thoughts on mods: i don't know most of the mods in here by name- or at least, ones that aren't also in sb2- so i can't give much in specifics. that said, whatever gives you the thermoelectric generators is great and really useful for power. also the autoclickers are 👌

tips:

do yourself a favor and grind for more tiny compact machines. you'll need some later and you'll also want to use them for extra space

autoclickers + vacuumulator + hopper and chest setup works Great, def recommend. also as a note, try to avoid standing in front of autoclickers that are left clicking- they DO hurt you

save your poop and work on getting a farm asap. you can use it as fuel that smelts up to 32 items if you just mix it with wheat

(i haven't played this as much as sb2 so unfortunately i don't have much to say)

challenge idea: only use one room of each size at a time. this is going to be nearly impossible given the size of a lot of machines, but trust me, it's (probably) possible

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sevtech ages

general thoughts: bullshit. not in a fun way. it's really just complex for the sake of being complex tbfh. you want a challenge that's actually just hours upon hours of suffering? congrats here you go

the only thing that makes this better than rlcraft is the fact that it has an actual quest/achievement line and doesn't absolutely hate its players

thoughts on mods: the only cool one is whatever you build the totem pole and do dances for, that's it. maybe the dark forest place too bc it looks cool even if it IS a pain in the ass as well. tombstones are kinda useful too tbh

tips:

don't play this

if you still want to play this, don't

really though: the saw is useful

the watermill is arguably better than the windmill

try to set your base somewhere close to an ocean or river biome; those are the only places with unlimited water until you get aqueducts

get an autoclicker for grinding stuff with the lever. trust me your fingers will thank you

backpacks will be your new best friends. embrace this

getting through each age takes a LOT of time. don't feel bad for taking breaks

challenge ideas: honestly the game is hard enough on its own, i can't really think of anything that would make stuff harder... outside of maybe smth like "only do things manually, don't use horsepower" or whatever, which is just plain mean at this point

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rlcraft

general thoughts: don't

thoughts on mods: just don't

tips:

love yourself

do not play this

don't even think about it

i know it's all haha fun youtube right now

but please don't do this to yourself

challenge idea: don't touch this ever

actually serious thoughts: super overrated. incredibly frustrating. another pack that isn't challenging so much as just fucking horrible. it's mean! it hates you! you'll eventually hate it too! i've sunk so much time into this and honestly? it's just not worth it. it really just isn't. nothing you do will ever please the gods of rlcraft and if you're lucky you'll build a nice sexy base that will be gone the next time you die because the game decided your bed wasn't valid :)

if you want an actual challenge, play compact claustrophobia. play packs that limit you in terms of space or resource gathering. don't play packs like this that are only hard because they spawn big fuckoff dragons that burn everything all the time constantly, or that respawn you fuck knows where bc somehow your bed unloaded or """got obstructed""", or that have mobs that will literally go through walls just to commit murder. oh and half the time you can't even sleep because it just randomly spawns a mob that can kill you!! just don't do it, man. your time and energy are worth more than that

[jinluncicai]

Permanent Magnet

Understanding the Magnetic Field Effects of Permanent Magnet Batteries

Additive engineering allows for the production of intricate, complex, and precise parts without the need to print or heat treat parts in the traditional mold, offering an ideal method for mass production of permanent magnets that often involve highly magnetic rare earth metals. These unique materials have a number of applications in a wide variety of fields, including electronics, medical implants, aerospace, mechanics, and the manufacturing industry. The ability of magnets to adhere to magnetic surfaces offers a number of advantages over traditional manufacturing methods. For instance, the use of two separate magnets as opposed to just one may allow for a tighter tolerance of manufacturing errors. Additionally, these parts are capable of withstanding large amounts of stress, high temperatures, and high temperatures of all types.

To reduce manufacturing costs, the addition of a third magnet increases the strength of the entire assembly by a factor of three, which allows for a reduction in mass that greatly impacts both the cost and production time of the finished product. Because each magnet is its own piece of metal, the strength and size of each piece are directly dependent upon the type of part being made. Since the strength and size of individual magnets are primarily determined by their respective polarity, the addition of a third magnet allows the creation of a magnetic field that has a stronger polarity than any of the primary magnetic fields already present. This additional magnetic field produces a strong source of magnetic flux, which can support a significantly larger portion of the weight of the part.

As the polarity of the induced magnetic field that is produced by the new component increases, the amount of force that is applied to any given surface increases, which in turn causes the part to conform to the induced magnetic field. The most common example of this process occurs when two magnets are placed side-by-side; the stronger magnet creates a horizontal repulsion that keeps the other magnet from moving while the part continues to move in a counter-clockwise direction. These types of induced motion are typically seen in flat areas such as flat steel plates or pipes, which have the highest amounts of inherent friction and a smaller amount of angular momentum. The horseshoe shape created by the use of three magnets is highly useful because it can be used in a large number of mechanical applications where the mechanical properties require that the part is moved in a counterclockwise or clockwise direction.

[grafikk]

Post-Digital Craft

Wo(rk)manship of Risk Victoria Browne, Associate Professor of Print and Publishing

"Diversity imports into our man-made environment something which is akin to the natural environment we have abandoned.” The Nature and Art of Workmanship, David Pye, 1968

This exhibition is the material outcome of transforming reduction into isometric tessellating multi-plate relief prints, and to introduce the 'workmanship of risk’ versus the 'workmanship of certainty' within my artistic research. The project expands on knowledge gained from ongoing workshop-led practice; to overcome previous process limitations in the methodology, to realise scalable complex multi-plate configurations and to generate further exploration into colour printing.

Post-Digital Craft

I began drawing leylandii foliage in Oslo’s suburbia, by working from observation with charcoal on paper. These sketches later informed the layout of a photomontage, to convey an impression of openness and movement; a strategy to remove the single lens perspective and to combine with painting’s formal diagonal line. The composition was divided by a grid and used as a point of reference in the workshop; visible on a digital tablet whilst hand-carving the linoleum matrix. A reduction relief print was executed in the workshop and for each layer of colour; a separate print was transferred from the matrix, digitally translated on an A3 Epson scanner and auto-traced with Vector Magic.

The vector files in post-production were not only cleaned-up to be ‘press-ready’, but an additional editing stage was required to transform them into a multi-layered isometric tessellating composition. Symmetry Works was originally intended to automate the process, but the complexity of the files proved to be incompatible and I was compelled to find an alternative solution. The workflow was slower and relied on eye-hand coordination, following a process of a trial and error. However, this was eventually achieved in Adobe Illustrator by overlapping two sides of the composition to erase or extrude the vector paths.

I had originally intended to CNC-router the linoleum laminated matrices myself at KHiO. But due to the limitations of the equipment, the learning curve of Rhino and the complexity of the digital files, this process was eventually delegated to a knowledgeable technician, though even he had a limitation of time. In the rush to CNC-router five matrices, irregularities had to be incorporated, which could only partly be resolved by hand at a later stage in the printing process.

In hindsight, KHiO’s workshop environment was unable to support the 'workmanship of certainty’, but the open access facilities at the Fellesverksted may prove to be a viable alternative in the future. Their new premises in Oslo opened in January 2020; CNC-routers are set up for artists to access themselves with a straightforward learning curve in V-Carve. When I compared the CNC-routed matrices to the original vector files, the tests at the Fellesverksted proved to be more accurate than those I employed in my artistic research at KHiO.

Back in the print workshop, the choice of colour palette on the printing press was informed by Edvard Munch’s ‘Death in the Sickroom’ 1893, held in the National Museum of Oslo. I colour matched the original painting by eye with a pantone swatch book and with photographic documentation on a smartphone. Translating these colours into a reductive printing process was a significant challenge and after considerable proofing, eventually resulted in twenty colours transferred with ten print passes on five CNC-routed matrices.

The outcome incorporated Zuber’s panoramic aesthetic, William Morris’ half-drop repeat and Josef Frank’s playful turning of the matrix. In addition, I explored isolating the gradient rolls of multiple colours and re-registering the matrices; to generate a visual perception of flux and diversity in the isometric repetition of the composition. And with the ‘workmanship of risk’ in mind, I attempted to devise a new method of amplifying colour graduations vertically, horizontally and diagonally across a predetermined sequence of sheet paper; in essence, to scale-up the original print into a larger immersive backdrop.

[norbazar-blog]

Lighting methods:

Lighting methods:

 Direct lighting and playback:

This method, which usually provides ambient light, distributes light evenly over a horizontal surface. This light spreads evenly on horizontal surfaces. This light illuminates the entire environment, enabling space travel. To produce this type of light, you can use incandescent lights and lighting systems with a play angle. The lighting from this type of lighting is gentle and uniform, creating little shadows and reflections. The low shade makes it difficult to detect the volume of objects and the shape and texture of surfaces.

  Indirect lighting:

The lighting from indirect lighting creates uniform ambient light in the space. In indirect lighting of the ceiling, the wall or other surfaces are used as secondary reflectors. These reflectors should have a bright color and a high reflectivity. Indirect lighting magnifies the space and creates a sense of openness. Also, the lighting of the ceiling and the upper parts of the wall creates a relaxing environment. The light from indirect light is very gentle and uniform. This light does not create shadows, which is why it is difficult to detect the details of the three-dimensional volume of objects. If the lighting is only indirect, the space will be flat and uniform. In terms of energy consumption, it is naturally less efficient than direct lighting, and to have the same amount of light level, it needs higher power consumption lights and more light flux.

 Direct and indirect lighting:

  In this method, lights are used that also illuminate the light up and down. The light that is directed upwards is returned to the ground by the ceiling and the upper parts of the wall. Indirect light makes the space look more open. The part of the light that shines directly provides the light needed for eye function and makes objects better recognizable.

 Vertical lighting:

Vertical lighting can guide the viewer's eye, emphasize vertical elements, and show their texture and structure well. Vertical surfaces can be lit uniformly or non-uniformly. In architectural lighting, uniform lighting of the walls is very important and wall lamps are used for it. This type of lighting can be used as a background for accent lighting or to provide some of the ambient light. Point or linear wallcoverings. The linear wallcoverings make the surface of the wall more uniform and the dotted wallcoverings make it more shiny. For even distribution of light on the wall, the lights must be installed at a suitable distance from the wall. Non-uniform lighting of vertical surfaces is done for various purposes.

This light can provide the light needed for eye function or just be qualitatively important. By creating an accent light on the vertical surface, you can draw people's attention to the details or objects on them. Creating different light textures on the walls is another application of vertical lighting, which is mostly decorative. To emphasize the textured vertical surfaces, such as brick bricks, the lights should be placed a short distance from them.

  Emphasized lighting:

Its most important feature is the creation of contrast and they are used in both horizontal and vertical lighting. This light emphasizes and highlights objects or architectural elements. As a result, these elements attract the viewer's attention. To create accent lighting, lights that can be controlled for radiation are used, such as adjustable headlights or spotlights.

This type of lighting sometimes meets a practical need and is sometimes only qualitatively important. The designer can influence the viewer's understanding of space by determining the intensity of the light he considers for the various elements and the contrast he creates between them. The light, which is used to illuminate an object with a narrow angle and intensity, creates a lot of contrast between it and the surrounding space, and the object stands out in a special way. In addition, it causes the space to lose its integrity and to Divide into several sections. Directional accent lights, by creating intense shadows, show the volume and characteristics of objects well.

 Guided lighting:

The main task of this type of lighting is to guide and show the path, and to do this, the indicator lights are used. It doesn't matter how bright the lights are, it's important that they are positioned in a directional direction. This type of lighting facilitates finding paths in complex buildings and reaching the exit door in times of danger. Some of its uses are: 1- Emphasis on architecture, 2- Stairs, 3- Entrance, 4- Creating guiding paths, 5- Showing escape routes

 Role-playing lighting:

Using special beams, you can create the desired designs and images on different levels. This light itself contains information. Interesting effects can be created by using filters and gobo.

[integrating-sphere]

Abstract Lighting technology has undergone a dramatic transformation in recent years, driven by advancements in LED systems and an increasing focus on energy efficiency. As lighting solutions become more complex, the need for precise optical measurements—particularly flux measurement—has grown significantly. In this context, instruments such as Shanghai LISUN’s LSG-6000 vertical goniophotometer and standard illuminance meters play critical roles in both laboratory and field environments. This article explores the concept and importance of flux measurement, explains how it is implemented through various optical tools, and compares the technical capabilities and application differences between the LSG-6000 and illuminance meter. Drawing upon practical examples and real-world usage scenarios, the article highlights the complementary nature of these devices in ensuring accurate, reliable, and compliant lighting performance. Introduction to Flux Measurement Flux measurement refers to the quantification of total visible light emitted by a light source in all directions. The unit used for luminous flux is the lumen (lm), and it is one of the most fundamental metrics in photometry. Unlike illuminance, which measures the amount of light falling on a surface, or intensity, which describes directional brightness, flux provides a comprehensive view of a lamp’s overall light output. In modern lighting applications, accurate flux measurement is vital not only for product development and certification but also for energy efficiency evaluation and environmental sustainability. Whether designing streetlights, office lighting, or agricultural grow lights, understanding the true luminous flux helps engineers optimize performance and ensure compliance with international standards. LPCE-2(LMS-9000)High Precision Spectroradiometer Integrated Sphere System The Role of the LSG-6000 Vertical Goniophotometer in Precise Flux Measurement Working Principle of the LSG-6000 The LSG-6000 vertical goniophotometer developed by Shanghai LISUN is a state-of-the-art optical measurement system designed specifically for detailed angular light intensity analysis and accurate luminous flux calculation. The instrument operates based on the goniometric method, where the tested light source is rotated in three-dimensional space while being monitored by a high-sensitivity photodetector. By capturing light intensity data at multiple angles, the LSG-6000 calculates the total luminous flux using integration techniques over the entire solid angle. This method adheres strictly to international standards such as CIE 69, ECE R112, and EN 13201, making it suitable for use in official testing laboratories, research institutions, and quality control centers. Technical Features Supporting Accurate Flux Measurement The LSG-6000 is engineered to deliver highly accurate and repeatable flux measurement results. Key technical features include:  • High-Precision Rotational Stage: Ensures smooth and precise movement of the light source across both horizontal and vertical axes.  • Calibrated Photodetector System: Utilizes spectrally corrected sensors that conform to V(λ) response curves, guaranteeing accurate color and intensity readings.  • Automated Data Acquisition Software: Reduces human error by controlling rotation, collecting data in real time, and performing automatic flux calculations.  • Compatibility with Diverse Light Sources: Supports testing of various lamp types, including LEDs, halogen lamps, fluorescent tubes, and HID lamps, regardless of size or shape. Application Scenarios for Flux Measurement Using the LSG-6000 The LSG-6000 plays a crucial role in several professional domains where flux measurement is essential:  • Product Development and Quality Assurance: Lighting manufacturers use flux data to compare prototype designs, evaluate optical components, and verify energy efficiency claims.  • Certification Testing: Accurate flux measurement is required for obtaining CE, UL, DLC, and other global certifications. The LSG-6000 supports full conformance with recognized test protocols.  • Research and Education: Universities and research labs rely on the device to study new materials, simulate lighting environments, and explore advanced optical engineering concepts.  • Energy Audits and Environmental Compliance: Governments and regulatory bodies use flux data to assess lighting efficiency and enforce energy-saving policies. The Relevance of Illuminance Meters in Flux Estimation Basic Principles of Illuminance Measurement While the LSG-6000 focuses on direct flux measurement, the illuminance meter indirectly contributes to this process. An illuminance meter measures the amount of light incident on a specific surface area, expressed in lux (lx), which equals lumens per square meter. Although it does not measure flux directly, illuminance data can be used to estimate total flux when combined with known geometric parameters such as distance, surface area, and angular orientation. This estimation is particularly useful in field settings where setting up a full goniophotometer may be impractical or unnecessary. How Illuminance Relates to Flux There is a mathematical relationship between illuminance (E), surface area (A), and flux (Φ), given by the formula: Φ = E × A × cosθ • Φ is the luminous flux, • E is the measured illuminance, • A is the surface area illuminated, and • θ is the angle between the light direction and the normal to the surface. This equation allows professionals to approximate the total light emitted by a fixture based on localized measurements, especially in uniform lighting conditions. Practical Use Cases for Illuminance-Based Flux Estimation Despite its limitations compared to full goniophotometers, the illuminance meter remains a valuable tool for preliminary flux estimation in various scenarios:  • Field Verification of Installed Lighting: Facility managers often use illuminance meters to check if installed fixtures are delivering the expected light levels. From these readings, they can infer whether the actual flux matches the manufacturer’s specifications.  • Rapid Energy Efficiency Assessment: In retrofitting projects, quick flux estimates help determine the effectiveness of replacing old lamps with more efficient models.  • Environmental Monitoring and Lighting Optimization: In agriculture, offices, and industrial plants, measuring illuminance across target surfaces helps adjust lighting setups to maintain optimal flux distribution without excessive energy consumption. Comparative Insights: LSG-6000 vs. Illuminance Meter in Flux-Oriented Applications Although the LSG-6000 and illuminance meter serve different purposes, their roles in flux measurement complement each other. Here is a detailed comparison of their functions, advantages, limitations, and typical usage contexts. Scope and Precision The LSG-6000 offers the highest level of precision for flux measurement due to its ability to capture light intensity information from all angles. It integrates this data over the entire spatial domain, providing a scientifically accurate value for total flux. In contrast, the illuminance meter offers localized measurements and relies on assumptions about geometry and environment to estimate flux. While not as precise, these estimates are sufficient for many practical applications. Operational Complexity and Accessibility Operating the LSG-6000 requires a controlled environment, trained personnel, and software expertise. It is typically used in dedicated testing labs or R&D departments. On the other hand, illuminance meters are user-friendly, portable, and require minimal training. They are ideal for field technicians, maintenance crews, and designers who need immediate feedback during installation or troubleshooting. Cost and Investment Consideration For organizations focused on product certification, innovation, or academic research, investing in the LSG-6000 is justified despite its higher cost. However, for smaller operations or temporary monitoring tasks, illuminance meters offer a cost-effective solution without compromising basic functionality. Integration into Modern Lighting Workflows In professional lighting design workflows, both instruments play interconnected roles. Designers and engineers begin by using the LSG-6000 to obtain accurate flux data for simulation models. Once the lighting layout is implemented, illuminance meters are employed to validate the theoretical predictions and make necessary adjustments. This two-step approach ensures that lighting systems perform as intended and meet regulatory requirements. Real-World Applications of Flux Measurement Across Industries • LED Streetlight Evaluation and Installation A municipal government planned to upgrade its citywide street lighting system to improve visibility and reduce energy costs. Before procurement, each LED model was tested using the LSG-6000 to measure its total flux output, beam angle, and spatial distribution pattern. These values were then used to simulate lighting coverage along different road types. After installation, engineers conducted spot checks using handheld illuminance meters to confirm that ground-level light levels matched the design expectations. Any discrepancies were addressed by adjusting mounting heights or replacing underperforming units. This integrated workflow ensured that the final lighting system delivered both visual comfort and energy savings. • Office Lighting Retrofit for Enhanced Productivity An office building manager aimed to replace outdated fluorescent lighting with energy-efficient LED panels. Prior to purchase, existing lighting fixtures were tested on the LSG-6000 to determine their current flux output and directional characteristics. Based on this data, lighting consultants designed a new layout that would achieve uniform illumination across workspaces. Once the retrofit was completed, illuminance meters were used to verify that each desk received at least 500 lx of light, meeting ISO ergonomic standards. The project resulted in improved visual comfort, reduced eye strain, and lower electricity bills—all made possible by precise flux measurement and validation. Conclusion In conclusion, flux measurement is a cornerstone of modern lighting science and engineering. It enables professionals to quantify the performance of light sources, optimize energy usage, and ensure compliance with international standards. The LSG-6000 vertical goniophotometer developed by Shanghai LISUN stands out as a premier tool for accurate flux determination through comprehensive angular intensity mapping. Meanwhile, the illuminance meter serves as a practical and accessible companion device for approximate flux estimation in real-world environments. By integrating both approaches, lighting professionals can benefit from a balanced strategy that combines scientific rigor with operational flexibility. Whether working in the lab or on-site, understanding how these instruments contribute to flux measurement enhances decision-making, improves design accuracy, and supports sustainable lighting practices. As lighting technologies continue to evolve toward smart, adaptive, and intelligent systems, the demand for reliable flux measurement tools will only increase. With continued innovation and accessibility, instruments like the LSG-6000 and illuminance meters will remain indispensable assets in the pursuit of brighter, safer, and more energy-efficient environments. Read the full article

[ettgroups]

How does a three-phase transformer work?

The facilities or setups with heavy power requirements tend to install three-phase transformers. It generates, transmits, and distributes the power throughout the electrical system. Depending on the distinct needs of industries and commercial establishments, use it as step-up or step-down transformers.

The design/construction of a three-phase transformer is achievable in 2 ways. You can construct a three-phase setup by connecting three single-phase transformers or developing a three-phase transformer on a single coil. How? A three-phase transformer consists of six coils of which three primary and three secondary. All of them are connected via a single core to construct a three-phase transformer. The connectivity of the coils takes place in either way - delta, wye, star, etc.

 Why is the design/construction crucial for a transformer’s performance? It defines the working procedure and utilities of every piece of electrical equipment. Now the question arises here. Can you construct a three-phase transformer in distinct ways? Yes, you can design the transformer in 2 ways - Core Type and Shell Type.

 ● Core Type - The core consists of 3 limbs, placed horizontally (in the same plane). All of which carry both low-voltage (lV) and high-voltage (HV) windings. The manufacturing of coil takes place using laminated steel sheets. The design includes a core, low-voltage windings around the core with the necessary insulations between them. Further, the high-voltage windings are placed next to low-voltage windings. Again, with the required insulations between them.

● Shell Type - The construction pattern involves piling up three single-phase transformers. Each phase is independent of another transformer phase and has a unique magnetic circuit. Lower distortion of the voltage waveforms makes this type the most preferred.

 But the question you seek an answer to is - What is the working principle of a three-phase transformer?

The working principle of a three-phase transformer is nothing different from any other transformer. It functions on Faraday’s Law of Induction. For simple understanding, the following are the steps in the working of a three-phase transformer.

Firstly, pass the AC power through the primary winding. It leads to the creation of magnetic flux covering the winding.

Now the core marks the magnetic path for the flux to establish a connection with the secondary winding.

The amount of flux palled around the secondary winding is identified as useful or the main flux. And the remaining amount is known as leakage flux.

An alternate type of flux gets generated in the process. And the EMF gets produced at the secondary winding according to Faraday’s Law. This emf is known as mutually developed emf.

When the closed-loop forms with a secondary winding, it creates the flow of mutually induced current through it. Hence takes place the transfer of power/energy from one to another.

While nearing the end of the blog, here are a few advantages and disadvantages of a three-phase transformer.

Advantages

➔ Simple construction

➔ Smaller in size and weighs less

➔ Easy transportation

➔ Easy operations

➔ Serve with maximum efficiency

➔ Construction requires less material (for core construction)

➔ Economical.

Disadvantages -

➔   Failure of single-phase leads to complete equipment failure (as they share the core).

➔   Easy and quick heating of metallic components.

➔   Huge repair costs.

➔   High spare parts cost.

A three-phase transformer is a preferable option for your facility with bulky power requirements. The equipment and its operational process are not as complex as it seems. The efficiency of the transformer entirely depends on multiple factors - construction type, the material used, type of winding connection, design (three single-phase transformers or a single three-phase transformer), etc. And you can enhance the working efficiency of the equipment with its mindful crafting. For details visit ettgroups.in

[marketresearchfutureblog]

Triangle Tea Bag Packaging Machinery Market Share, Size, Growth, Statistics, Competitor Landscape, Company Profiles and Business Trends

Pune, India, April 2020, MRFR Press Release/- Market Research Future has published a Cooked Research Report on the Global Triangle Tea Bag Packaging Machinery Market.

Market Overview

The rise in consumption of tea, especially exotic tea blends, is estimated to spur the triangle tea bag packaging machinery market 2020. The industrial automation and automation industry reports are produced by Market Research Future, which highlights market opportunities for growth.  A 4.43% CAGR is estimated to guide the market’s expansion in the impending period.

The health benefits related to tea consumption are estimated to bolster the triangle tea bag packaging machine market. The investments made towards the promotion of awareness of tea and its varieties have created tremendous scope for development in the approaching period. Moreover, health consciousness in the end-users of tea is estimated to influence further the growth momentum of the triangle tea bag packaging machinery market in the forecast period.

Segmental Analysis

The segmental study of the triangle tea bag packaging machinery market is conducted based on type, capacity, region, and application. Based on the types, the triangle tea bag packaging machinery market is bifurcated into horizontal and vertical. The application basis of segmenting the triangle tea bag packaging machinery market consists of green tea, coffee, black tea, and others. On the basis of regions, the triangle tea bag packaging machinery market consists of into Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), North America, and the rest of the regions in the world. Based on the capacity, the triangle tea bag packaging machinery market is segmented into 3,000 to 4,800 bags per hour, 1,800 to 3,000 bags per hour, less than 1,800 bags/hour, and more than 4,800 bags per hour.

Browse Detailed Sample with COVID-19 Impact Analysis at: https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/sample_request/7672

Detailed Regional Analysis 

The regional review of the triangle tea bag packaging machinery market is segmented into North Europe, Asia-Pacific (APAC), North America, and the rest of the regions in the world. The European triangle tea bag packaging machinery market is one of the regions where tea consumption has led it to become an extensively consumed beverage after water. As the tea is not commercially cultivated in the region except in Cornwall, UK, it is imported extensively from other countries. Moreover, the mounting demand for lightweight and effortlessly transportable packaging is raising the demand for triangle tea bag packaging machinery to a great extent. The surging coffee and tea consumption, together with varying consumer requirements for convenience and packaging that is relatively easy to use is estimated to drive the triangle tea bag packaging machinery market in the forthcoming period.

Competitive Analysis

The fortification of the human resource is estimated to be the critical point being addressed in these times of uncertainty. The rebooting of manufacturing activities is another strategic aspect that is being emphasized to ensure that the supply of the end product can be reasonably ensured to the users in the market. The revamping of distribution channels is also expected in the coming years with a particular focus on using robots for the logistic function on a larger scale than before. The market is in a condition of flux due to the rapid and severe changes in the global economy. The market players are taking the steps that are necessary to ensure that the market survives the turbulent period and emerge recovered in the future. The support of the administration in countries around the world is estimated to have a significant impact on the development of the market in the upcoming period.

Access Report Details @ https://www.marketresearchfuture.com/reports/triangle-tea-bag-packaging-machinery-market-7672

The outstanding companies functioning in the triangle tea bag packaging machinery market are DPH International GmbH (Germany), E.C. Packtech Machines Pvt. Ltd (India), Fuso International (Japan), CAMA (LuoYang) Electromechanic Co., Ltd. (China), Vista Technopack Machines (India), SELO (The Netherlands), Sidsam Group (India), Tecpacking Group (Tianjin) Co., Ltd (China), Grace Food Processing & Packaging Machinery (India) and Xiamen Sengong Packing Equipment Co., Ltd (China) to name a few.

About Market Research Future:

At Market Research Future (MRFR), we enable our customers to unravel the complexity of various industries through our Cooked Research Report (CRR), Half-Cooked Research Reports (HCRR), & Consulting Services. MRFR team have supreme objective to provide the optimum quality market research and intelligence services to our clients.

Contact:

Akanksha Jain

Market Research Future

+1 646 845 9312

Email: sales@marketresearchfuture.com

[annieboltonworld]

Juniper Publishers- Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources

Ground Water Modelling Through ModFlow

Authored by Saad Moeeni

Abstract

The management of groundwater resources is now a great challenge for many countries of the world at present times groundwater modelling has been an effective way to address this challenge .presently for Groundwater modelling there are number of modeling software are available to simulate groundwater flow among them modeling software MODFLOW is used to determine the interaction between the surface water and groundwater and to develop a model for the study area.

Introduction

MODFLOW is designed to simulate aquifer system in which [1] saturated flow condition exist [2]. Darcy’s

Law applies [3] the Density of groundwater is constant [4] the principal direction of horizontal hydraulic conductivity or transmissivity do not vary within the system. These conditions are met for many aquifers

Systems for which there is an interest in analysis of groundwater flow and contaminant movement for these systems the mathematical equations are solved using numerical codes such as MODFLOW, FEEFLOW.

∂/∂x [kxx δh/δx]+δ/δx [kyy δh/δy]+δ/δz [kzz δh/δz]+w=Ss δh/δt.........1

Kxx, Kyy, Kzz are the value of hydraulic conductivity along x, y, z coordinate axis

h is potentiometric head

w is volumetric flux

Ss is specific storage

Methodology

Modflow Input

Base map: Visual MODFLOW support the use of base maps in all modulus of the program

Boundary condition:

Rainfall and evaporation data for the entire study area.

Groundwater level to define the initial and boundary condition and for calibration and validation.

Aquifer properties for horizontal and vertical hydraulic conductivities, specific yield and specific st

Orage distribution for different layer.

Groundwater abstraction data.

The input file formats to be given to a model are point data (XYZ) ASCII files (.TXT, .ASC, .DAT), MS Access Database files (.MDB), MS Excel files (.XLS), ESRI Point files (.SHP), USGS DEM files (.DEM), Surfer grid files (.GRD), ESRI grid files (.GRD) and Maplnfo grid files (.GRD).

Output Visualization

Prior to output visualization, customizing the run time settings for modflow, modpath and mt3d are necessary. When the engines are finished running, the model will be transferred to the output section, where the simulation results will be displayed. The velocity vectors, path lines, water table contours, concentration contours can be seen in 2D or 3D according to the selection.

Model Calibration

Every model must be calibrated before it can be used as a tool for predicting the behavior of a considered system. During the calibration phase, the initial estimates of model coefficients may be modified. The sensitivity analysis may be postponed until a numerical model and a code for its solution have been selected. In this section objectives of the calibration or history matching, the adjusted parameters/coefficients, the criterion of the calibration [e.g., minimizing the difference between observed and predicted water levels), the available data, the model calibration runs, etc., should be described.

Results and Discussion

Advantages of MODFLOW include numerous facilities for data preparation, the modular structure that allows it to be easily modified to adapt the code for a particular application, great flexibility in handling a wide range of complexity, easy exchange of data in standard form, extended worldwide experience, continuous development and availability of the source code. In addition to simulating groundwater flow, the scope of MODFLOW has been expanded to incorporate related capabilities such as solute transport and parameter estimation.

Conclusion

From the above discussion, Visual MODFLOW software is suitable [1].

1. To simulate and predict the aquifer conditions and to represent the natural groundwater flow in the environment, [2].

2. To forecast the outcome of future groundwater behavior,[3]

3. To simulate hydraulic heads and ground water flow rates within and across the boundaries of the system,[4]

4. To simulate the concentrations of substance dissolved in ground water [5].

For more Open Access Journals in Juniper Publishers please click on: https://juniperpublishers.business.site/ For more articles in Open Access Journal of Environmental Sciences & Natural Resources please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ijesnr/ To know more about Open Access Journals Publishers To read more…Fulltext please click on: https://juniperpublishers.com/ijesnr/IJESNR.MS.ID.555605.php

[art-now-uk]

STATES OF FLUX No1, ANNA SUDBINA

States of Flux is a series of 2 paintings I have worked on for over 3 years. The paintings evolved together with my practice getting stronger and more balanced with each layer. The composition is shaped by the juxtaposition of organic and geometrical shapes, of accidental and intentional marks, that give the painting its vibrancy. No stable system of equilibrium exists. The universe from atom to galaxy is in a perpetual state of flux. Everything and everyone are connected by one constant - change. In this invariable motion there is a brief moment of an unlikely complex organisation of chaotic bits of matter held together by information, that pop in and out of existence, from chaos to order and back again. Life is a fragile balance in between. 'States Of Flux' capture the essence of life, without any subject. It is a portrait of change. It can be vertical or horizontal.

https://www.saatchiart.com/art/Painting-STATES-OF-FLUX-No1/705738/3311154/view

[evoldir]

Fwd: Graduate position: CBGP_Madrid.MicrobiomeEvolution

Begin forwarded message: > From: evoldir@evol.biology.mcmaster.ca > Subject: Graduate position: CBGP_Madrid.MicrobiomeEvolution > Date: 2 December 2019 at 06:14:01 GMT > To: rdmpage@gmail.com > > > PhD position available on Microbiome Ecology and Evolution. > > The group of Dr. Jaime Iranzo studying "Evolutionary dynamics of > genomes, viruses, and microbial populations" at the Centre for Plant > Biotechnology and Genomics (CBGP, Universidad Politecnica de Madrid, > Spain) offers a PhD position under La Caixa Foundation's INPhINIT > Programme to study the evolution of ecological interactions, metabolic > interdependencies, and virus-microbe predation networks within human and > environmental microbiomes. > > DEADLINES > 4 February 2020 ("Incoming" fellowship, for candidates that have not > resided in Spain for more than 12 months in the last 3 years). > 26 February 2020 ("Retaining" fellowship, for candidates that have > resided in Spain for more than 12 months in the last 3 years). > > TITLE: Interplay of evolutionary and ecological processes in the > microbiome > > PROJECT DESCRIPTION: > Evolution of bacteria and archaea critically depends on the exchange of > genes through multiple mechanisms collectively known as horizontal gene > transfer (HGT). HGT occurs at time scales that overlap with those of > ecological processes, generating diversity in microbial populations and > providing ready-made tools that facilitate fast adaptation to > environmental challenges. As a result, the sharing of genetic > information through HGT underlies much of the adaptability and > evolutionary plasticity of prokaryotes, affecting their population and > community structure. A second driving force of microbial evolution is > the arms race between viruses and hosts, which not only results from but > also modifies predator-prey ecological interactions within the > microbiome. While the importance of HGT and virus-host arms races in > microbial evolution is widely recognized, their combined effects on the > dynamics of complex microbiomes is less well known. > > To fill these gaps, we are applying methods from comparative genomics, > flux balance analysis, and mathematical modeling to large metagenomic > datasets in order to investigate how HGT and virus-host predation > networks shape the microbiome over time and determine the structure and > stability of microbial communities. This bottom-up approach will add an > evolutionary perspective to our understanding of microbiomes, leading to > more accurate predictive models for the management of microbial > communities. > > JOB POSITION DESCRIPTION: > We are seeking a highly motivated candidate with strong quantitative and > computational skills and a background in bioinformatics, computer > science, or biology. The PhD student will join a multidisciplinary team > of young scientists that study fundamental aspects of microbial ecology > and evolution using empirical data, computational tools, and > mathematical models. > > The PhD student will contribute to the research of the group by > investigating how evolutionary processes, such as gene gain and loss, > strain replacement, and virus-host coevolution, affect ecological > interactions within the microbiome. Depending on the candidate's > background and personal interests, the project can be oriented towards > (a) the development and application of advanced comparative genomic > methods to infer metabolic interdependencies within microbial > communities, virus-host infection networks, and their variation over > time based on deep-sequencing metagenomic data; (b) the development of > integrative mathematical models to predict the response of a microbiome, > in terms of composition and stability, to the evolutionary processes > listed above; or (c) a combination of both. > > FELLOWSHIP BENEFITS: > The doctoral fellowship INPhINIT "La Caixa" is devoted to attracting > talented early-stage researchers of any nationality who wish to pursue > doctoral studies in top-level research institutions in Spain and > Portugal. Benefits of the Program include a highly competitive salary, > funding for short-term research internships and participation in > workshops and conferences, complementary training on transferable skills > (e.g. entrepreneurship, management and networking), career counseling, > and high-quality academic and industrial secondments to enhance the > fellows' future career opportunities in both academia and industry. > > CONTACT: > For further information about the research project, the position, and > the application process, please contact Jaime Iranzo, email: > jaime.iranzo@upm.es > > Applications should be submitted through La Caixa INPhINIT online > application system: > https://ift.tt/379Sryz > > The INPhINIT Fellowship is a very competitive call. To maximize the > chances of success, we highly encourage contacting us at the provided > email address prior to submitting the online application. > > More information about the research group: > https://ift.tt/2LdZw7O > > > "jaime.iranzo" > via IFTTT