#guang yong

[the-flesh-is-willing]

Chinastuck: kids' accents/dialects/speech

most of these just correspond to where they live lmao. the rest of their typing is close to canon (emote usage etc) ill put context for how chinese texting slang works if anyone asks for it

John: the most typical beijing mandarin you ever heard. talks in a fairly enunciated manner. when typing, sometimes uses kaomoji, number abbreviations, and uppercase latin letter abbreviations. occasionally uses single tildes after normal punctuation like this!~

Rose: shanghainese + kinda accented mandarin. hears john is from beijing and is like TEACH ME HOW TO SOUND LIKE U

uses abbreviations very occasionally. will sometimes use lots of tildes after messages~~~

Dave: bro raised him primarily on chongqing dialect, and he picked up other stuff on the internet. nearly incomprehensible to the other kids when they meet irl. frequent english loanwords. types with lowercase latin letter abbreviations even though they're a pain in the ass to do on a chinese keyboard.

Jade: jin mandarin, picked up some mongolian from grandpa harley. types similar to john but more tildes and kaomoji

Jane: uses some antiquated/outdated phrases like in canon. also very standard beijing mandarin, less enunciated than john. tendency towards using multiple punctuation marks!?!?!

Roxy: what would one sound like growing up without hearing other humans. uses lots of abbreviations like in canon. mayhaps the lots of tildes is a lalonde thing~~~

with gender stuff i could see them referring to everyone as TA in writing unless asked otherwise

Dirk: again, what would one sound like growing up without hearing other humans. uses traditional and sometimes even archaic spellings, unlike every other kid (he isn't taiwanese; he's just dirk). occasional "ironic" kaomoji. semifrequent japanese loanwords, sometimes english loanwords.

Jake: uses frequent antiquated phrases like in canon. jin mandarin + mongolian. sounds and types sort of like john.

[ask-chinastuck]

> Introduce yourselves.

[pt: Introduce yourselves.]

勇：啊……大家好～！我和我的朋友们，我们一起做了一个问答博客。

YONG: ah... hi guys! me and my friends made an ask blog together.

秀兰：说 《我和我的朋友一起》 就行了。无论如何，大家好。我叫秀兰，他的名字是勇。

XIULAN: It’s “my friends and I.” Anyways, hello everyone. I’m Xiulan, and his name is Yong.

大伟：yo wassup这是david strider，你可以叫我dave或者DJ大神

DAWEI: [yo wassup] its [david strider], you guys can call me [dave] or dj godhead

玉平：嗨～！我的名字是玉平，我很期待回答所有人的问题！！^_^

YUPING: hii! my name is yuping, and im really excited to answer everyones questions!! [smiley face]

// ASK BOX NOW OPEN!

[pt: ask box now open!]

// 问题需要用英文或文字。

// asks should be in english or mandarin.

[aceinthetrap]

If the living don't forget, then the dead will still be here.

OH NO! HERE COMES TROUBLE (2023), dir. Lin Kuan Hui, ep.5

[swiftletinthecloud]

Ji Yong didn't really go to the other side!! He was playing double agent!

[ra1nrei]

amusement park date💕

[kdram-chjh]

Cdrama: Eternal Brotherhood (2024)

Gifs of Intro of cdrama "Eternal Brotherhood"

【ENG SUB | FULL】 Eternal Brotherhood 1 EP1: Zichuan Xiu was Framed by Yang Minghua | 紫川·光明三杰 | iQIYI

Watch this video on Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rmuudhdHexA

[bwops]

也许我需要一场光合作用 不想管今天是什么天气

//

perhaps i need a round of photosynthesis i don't care what the weather's like today

[city-of-ladies]

Dugu Qieluo, also known as Jialuo (544–602), was the first empress of the Sui dynasty. Known for her sharp intellect, political insight, and commitment to frugality, she wielded significant influence over imperial affairs.

Daughter of a powerful clan

Born in Luoyang, Dugu Qieluo came from a prominent and well-connected family. Her mother was Han Chinese, while her father was of Xianbei descent and a respected leader and official.

At the age of fourteen, she married Yang Jian, the future Emperor Wen of Sui. His family held an esteemed position within Northern Chinese society. Their marriage, at least initially, was harmonious. In a remarkable departure from societal norms—where polygamy was common—Yang Jian promised never to father children with another woman.

Lady Dugu's elder sister became Empress to Emperor Ming (d. 558), and her own daughter, Lihua, would also go on to become an empress.

As Yang Jian rose in influence and amassed resources, his power culminated in 580 with the death of his emperor son-in-law. His young grandson, Emperor Jing, took the throne, but Yang Jian effectively controlled the court. With the support of his wife and ministers, he soon declared himself emperor, founding the Sui dynasty.

A model empress

Empress Dugu was known for her intelligence, patience, and virtue. She was a true political partner to her husband. As the History of the Sui dynasty recorded: 

“Whenever the empress discussed politics with the emperor, their ideas frequently coincided. People in the palace nicknamed them "the two emperors".”

She often worked late at his side, accompanied him to court, and sent trusted eunuchs to observe him while he worked in his cabinet. If she noticed mishandling of affairs, she did not hesitate to correct him and ensure justice was done.

Frugality defined their reign. Empress Dugu actively cut costs and fought corruption. When offered to buy a costly basket of pearls, she refused, saying:

“I don’t need these. At present we are continually being disturbed by insurgents, and the officers and men of our army are war weary. It would be better to award the meritorious with this money.”

She was also known for her compassion—especially toward those in distress or facing execution. Yet she was resolute in matters of justice. When her own cousin was sentenced to death for murdering seven young women, the emperor offered to spare him. Empress Dugu firmly replied: “This is a state matter; you cannot allow personal considerations to intrude.” The sentence was carried out.

Tensions and successions disputes

Despite their strong partnership, Yang Jian eventually broke his vow and impregnated a palace woman. Enraged, Empress Dugu had the woman executed. The emperor, distraught, lamented: “I am in the exalted position of emperor, yet I am not free to do what I want!” Still, the couple later reconciled.

Empress Dugu strongly opposed polygamy. She disapproved of emperors, princes, and officials taking concubines and held a lasting grudge against the minister Gao Ying for referring to her as a “mere woman.” She later had him dismissed.

One of the most controversial aspects of her legacy was her role in altering the line of succession. She supported replacing her firstborn son, Yang Yong, with her second son, Yang Guang—who would later prove to be a tyrannical ruler. It’s believed she disapproved of Yang Yong’s many concubines. However, the decision wasn’t hers alone: Emperor Wen also favored Yang Guang due to deep conflicts with his first son. Moreover, Yang Guang’s despotic nature emerged only after his father’s death.

Empress Dugu died in the palace in 602. After her passing, the emperor fell into despair and became infatuated with two palace women. In his illness, he reportedly mourned: “If the Empress were still alive, I would not have come to this.”

If you enjoy this blog, consider supporting me on Ko-fi!

Further reading: 

Long Laura, “Dugu, Empress of Emperor Wen of Sui”, in: Xiao Hong Lee Lily, Stefanowska A. D. (eds.), Biographical Dictionary of Chinese Women: Antiquity Through Sui 1600 B.C.E.–618 C.E.

McMahon Keith, Women Shall Not Rule: Imperial Wives and Concubines in China from Han to Liao

[respectthepetty]

Rose's Day of Asks

Top 5 "it's cannon to me" couples.

Have a great Day💜

No. NO! NOOOOOO!!!!!! I will not pick between my beloveds! No. I can't! I won't! I shan't! No! I have too many and all of them are special to me. NO! But I will give you something because this is a good ask!

Top 5 "It's Canon to Me" Couples of 2023

and as usual, I will finesse my way into more!

Let me begin with the couples who cannot be considered for various reasons:

ToddBlack - Not Me

The reason they are being excluded isn't because they weren't in 2023. No! The reason they cannot be included is because THEY ARE CANON! Not just to me, but in the show. They. Are. Canon. They love each other in their warped way. They have fucked and will continue to fuck. And even on this day of marriage equality in Thailand, they still wouldn't get married because Black doesn't believe in the institution of marriage since the government is too involved in it and it's a capitalist tool used to push a heteronormative agenda, and Todd has a team of lawyers there to make sure Black gets everything he wants from Todd including the right to pull the plug on him, which he won't do BECAUSE THEY CAN'T KILL THE OTHER!

Guang Yan x Yi Yong - Oh No! Here Comes Trouble!

It's canon. Once again, it's not just canon to me. It's canon in the show and if people don't want to believe it, they can argue with the ghosts, but the ghosts also know it's canon because they witnessed these two fall in love with each other, so those negative people will still lose! When Yi Yong fell, Guang Yan ran to Yi Yong like his entire world was being destroyed right in front of him, and as a future doctor, he was losing his shit trying to keep Yi Yong alive. Then he stood in front of Yi Yong's mom, god, and ghost grandpa and stated directly into the microphone without any hesitation that Yi Yong was his heart and he needed him to come back to him. And if I ever get a second season, I know they'll still be sleeping in that bed, together. They. Are. Canon.

Peach x Home - Peaceful Property

This show hasn't been released yet, and the word on the streets is that it won't be a BL, but . . . it's canon to me. It's Tay and New. They are always down to kiss a homie. The pilot trailer was color coded, and although color coded boys don't have to be in love, they ARE in love. Therefore, they are canon. I don't make the rules.

Now for the actual list:

#5 - Saifah x Name - Dangerous Romance

They knew each other in high school, and when they met again as adults, there was chemistry. Name should've shot Saifah. Name should've been harsher to Saifah, yet he was granting leniency to Saifah. Then Saifah wanted Name out of the business. He wanted him to be safer and happier. Even though that didn't happen, Saifah still showed up in that jail to let Name know he would be waiting for him, no matter how long it took.

They are canon.

#4 - Oab x Guy - Bake Me Please

They were best friends. They started a business together with their other (bitchass) friend who Oab was in love with. They hired another baker to help their (bitchass) friend and Guy developed feelings for him. But . . . they actually loved each other! This isn't me being delusional either! When the dust settled, Guy and Oab sat down at a bar in the final episode, and Guy made it clear that not only was he far removed from his previous crush on someone else, but that he was there for Oab to help him get over his broken heart, in any way Oab needed him *wink*

They are canon.

#3 - Hyun Jae x Simeon - Jun & Jun

Simeon is an experienced idol. Hyun Jae was his manager, but Hyun Jae quit with no notice to go take care of the main character. The conversation when Simeon confronted Hyun Jae after he found out was thick with tension, and I do mean the physical kind. Simeon schemed his way into seeing the main character years later, but I truly believe it was a guise so he could see Hyun Jae because everything he did was to draw more attention from Hyun Jae. After that first encounter, they argued in cars, on rooftops, in dressing rooms, and standing on city streets, and I fully believed they fucked in all those places too!

They are canon.

#2 - Dome and Khatha - Midnight Museum

Dome is a god. Khatha is immortal. And they traveled through time and space to be together. The show labeled them as "brothers" but I don't know if it's because Gun and Tor could have chemistry with a broomstick, but THEY WERE IN LOVE! What convinces me even more is that Dome wasn't actually Khatha's "brother" Chan but looked like him. Khatha even confronted Chan AND KILLED HIM so he could be with Dome. Khatha made a decision to kill what we had been told was the most important part of him just so Dome could be safe. Then he ran through time to find Dome in the middle of a war with bullets flying and bombs dropping all so he could save him again just like he had the first time they met, and if I ever get that second season (MIDNIGHT MUSEUM 2 WHEN?!), GMMTV better let Gun kiss another man who isn't Off.

They are canon.

#1 - Yui x Soichiro - I Cannot Reach You

These two were just chilling in the background of every scene. TOGETHER! On a school trip? Together. At a festival? Together. Looking at books in the library? TOGETHER! Even though we never saw them kiss, their taiyaki kissed, so that's good enough for me! They were color coded (pink x green), which I think is one of the best color-coded pairs to ever exist, and Yui was giving advice to the main couple to get their shit together, probably because he was already in a loving and long-term relationship with his boyfriend!

They. Are. Canon.

[thisonelikesaliens]

Post 9 Gifs of Your Favorite Characters and Let People Guess Your Type

tagged by @my-rose-tinted-glasses (thank you 💙💙)

guess I'm sticking to Taiwan and China this time:

1. Gu Jin Yu, Soul Sisters

2. Pei Si Jing, Fangs of Fortune

3. Pu Yi Yong, Oh No! Here Comes Trouble

4. Mama, The Nipple Talk

5. Zhong Ting Ting, Fragrance of the First Flower

6. Cao Guang Yan, Oh No! Here Comes Trouble

7. Jin Xun An, My Tooth Your Love

8. Jiang Shao Peng, See Your Love

9. Wen Qing, The Untamed

no pressure tagging:

@romchat @ellsieee @avorbl @easterndelights @abstractelysium

[smittenskitten]

Yi Yong waiting for Guang Yan to go back home together +bonus: Guang Yan waiting for Yi Yong to come home

[the-flesh-is-willing]

Chinastuck: the beta kids

tl;dr for the uninitiated: what if all homestuck characters were chinese people

John Egbert: 光勇 (Guang Yong). Lives in Beijing (im sorry /j). Han, Mongolian, and some Korean ancestry.

egbert means "bright edge" and guang means "bright" and also sounds a little like john even if its the surname. john means god is gracious, which is not really a type of name chinese people give their kids so i just went with a common masculine name that sounds good with guang: yong, which means "brave" which i thought was fitting. i think dad egbert definitely calls them by the diminutive yongyong.

June Egbert might choose the name 小玉 (Xiaoyu), meaning "little jade", in reference to her sister.

Rose Lalonde: 刘秀兰 (Liu Xiulan). Lives somewhere in Jiangsu, probably Shanghai. Hmong, Jewish Han, and Kazakh ancestry.

i literally just went with a random common surname that vaguely sounded like lalonde here. xiulan means elegant orchid, so it's a flower name like rose and i think it fits her vibes. she shares the character xiu with roxy's name, tianxiu.

transmasc rose probably steals his name from a book character.

rose is very similar to canon i think, except she lives in a penthouse in central shanghai. i want to say initially she feels her heritage doesn't matter to her but later in life she tries to reconnect with not being "100% han".

Dave Strider: 赵大伟 (Zhao Dawei). Lives in Chongqing. Hmong, Jewish Han, and Kazakh ancestry (same as Rose).

zhao has a similar meaning to strider and was also a surname of the emperors so it has a connection to royalty. this works for both the lotr reference and king david. dawei is... a generic chinese boys name thats the name you give your kid if you want their english name to be david. it means "extraordinary".

david means "beloved" and every single chinese name like that is feminine. Dove Strider takes this as inspiration for the name Xinyan, spelled either 心燕 meaning "beloved swallow" or 心焱 meaning "beloved flame" instead of the more conventional 心妍 meaning "beloved beauty".

dave struggles with their cultural heritage more actively than rose does, and thus leans hard into their sichuanese identity. i headcanon them as making fun of chengdu (chongqing's rival in representing the cultural center of sichuan) in addition to making fun of northern chinese culture. SICHUAN RAHH

Jade Harley: 林玉平 (Lin Yuping). Lives in rural Shaanxi. Han, Mongolian, and some Korean ancestry (same as John).

lin has similar meaning to both harley and halley, meaning grove/forest. yuping means "peaceful jade".

Jude Harley might choose the name 洋 (Yang), meaning "ocean" in the sense of expansive, or he might not feel a need to change his name. swapping names with his sibling is also a possibility.

i think her upbringing just translates to the rural northwest well? also i think its kinda cool she'd grow up near a section of the great wall of china. i could see her engaging in cultural traditions like papercutting and folk singing :> also buddhist jade real and true im not projecting trust

thanks for coming to my ted talk be on the lookout for more posts like this ft me struggling with traditional characters and cantonese pronunciations

EDIT: @ask-chinastuck exists :)

[zephyra-in-the-house]

hi!! I was gonna ask if it’s not a spoiler, roughly how old were macaque and wukong when they met in Second Chances? also I love ur story and can’t wait until the next chapter!!! I hope everything’s going good!!!

Thank you! Things could be better at the moment but we're working through it 💪

In any case, I have been meaning to make a proper timeline of major events for Second Chances for a while now. So, since this question was asked twice, I finally got the motivation to draw up a rough timeline!!

(Disclaimer: These are not exact dates/years. They're just rough estimates of what happened and when. Also, there is a slight spoiler if you squint.)

The timline goes as such:

4300 years ago- PIF was born

4000 years ago- Macaque was born.

3930 years ago- DBK was born.

3900 years ago- Macaque left the village he was born in.

3800 years ago- Wukong was born on FFM.

3500 years ago- Macaque joined Sijumu.

3100 years ago- Wukong began training under Shifu Subodhi.

3000 years ago- Macaque was forced to bond with the shadow lantern (Yong Ye).

2901 years ago- Macaque escaped Sijumu.

2900 years ago- Macaque arrived on FFM (The Solar Eclipse).

2700 years ago- Snowy Days

2400 years ago- A group of assassins found Macaque and injured both him and Wukong (beginning scene of Ch. 3).

2300 years ago- Macaque and Wukong found their scarfs. (Shopping scene in Ch. 11)

2250 years ago- Wukong “borrowed” armor and Ruyi Jingu Bang from Ao Guang.

2000 years ago- They met DBK.

1800 years ago- Founded the Brotherhood.

1500 years ago- Wukong got recruited by the Heavens only to be positioned as a stable boy.

1400 years ago- The War on Heaven began.

1350 years ago- Princess Iron Fan was tried and acquitted for having relations with DBK.

1260 years ago- PIF and DBK got married.

1220 years ago- The 8th and final siege on Heaven ended with Wukong becoming subservient to the Jade Emporer in Heaven.

1200 years ago- The siege of Flower Fruit Mountain. Wukong was captured and thrown into the furnace while his home was burned.

800 years ago- Macaque left FFM to find Wukong.

700 years ago- Macaque was killed.

~502 years ago- DBK and PIF found out that Macaque has been dead for over 200 years. DBK went on a rampage and was then sealed under what would become Megapolis.

400 years ago- Macaque was revived by the Lady Bone Demon.

350 years ago- Macaque and Wukong met again for the first time since Macaque died.

100 years ago- Macaque was taken in and healed by Wukong on FFM.

1 year ago- LBD was defeated.

So, to answer your question, Macaque was 1100 years old and Wukong was 900 when they first met~

Thanks for the question!

[mar-of-musing]

✨ challenge: make a poll with five of your all time favourite characters, and then tag five people to do the same, and see which character is everyone's favourite ✨ Stolen from: @scattered-stardust This was difficult. I have a wide array of different medias I consume..

Okay there are too many that I could choose from... I didn't choose a videogame character so if I had to choose it'd be between: Solaire of Astora (Dark Souls), The Maiden in Black (Demon's Souls), Terra (Tina) Bradford (FFVI), Lenneth Valkyrie (Valkyrie Profile), Dagger or Freya (FFIX), Ashton Anchors (Star Ocean: The Second Story), Kinnison or Riou from Suikoden II, Ryu from Breath of Fire III or Alphinaud Leveilleur (FFXIV) For anime-anime: The Black Lady or Sailor Jupiter (Sailor Moon), Rei Ayanami (Neon Genesis Evangelion), Acura Toru (Hitsugime no Chaika), Shin-ah (Yona of the Dawn), Deedlit and Parn (Records of Lodoss War), Dilandau (Escaflowne), Kiki (Kiki's Delivery Service), Chihiro and Haku (Spirited Away), Dola, Sheeta and Pazu (Laputa) ... There's so many more lmfao. Here tagging: @wardog-of-the-endless @fuckyeah-itme And Anyone Else ; ;?

[mykingdomforapen]

more link click headcanons as I ride the bus

The more I walked around the city, the more I noticed piles of cat food left in random street corners, stairways, and sidewalks. People will genuinely just leave little disposable cups or piles of dry cat kibble for the stray cats to eat. Naturally, Lu Guang is responsible for many of these.

Cheng Xiaoshi takes the BEST pictures of Qiao Ling whenever she asks for them. She will never tell Xu Shanshan this. Cheng Xiaoshi has the photography squat down like a king. Although she never posts them on social media, her self confidence quadruples whenever CXS gets her best angle. It’s also the only time any stranger will ever mistake her and CXS as a couple because both parties will happily spend a whole hour taking pretty photos of QL in some photogenic spot. Lu Guang takes that hour to wander off and get a lemon tea.

This isn’t a headcanon so much as a note for anyone who would like to know, as well as it will add a fun little sprinkle for anyone who continues reading my longfic spinning silk—the Guang in Lu Guang’s name is 光，which means light or brightness. Do with it what you will.

Growing up, Cheng Xiaoshi’s mother would refer to Qiao Ling and Cheng Xiaoshi as her two little bunnies, after the children’s rhyme. Qiao Ling at three years old made that a permanent fixture in her aesthetic.

Personally, my headcanon is that Cheng Xiaoshi is the originator of his and LG’s abilities, but Lu Guang has the advantage of time hopping to seem to understand their abilities sooner than he does. CXS’ parents also have some magical side to them, vaguely related to photography.

Lu Guang was raised mainly by his grandparents, and is very close to his Yeye. His parents had gone abroad to get their masters but died in a car accident when he was a toddler, so he doesn’t really have memories of them. Personally he would say he had a good childhood and was loved if not a little spoiled. He looks at photographs of his parents whenever he’s feeling vulnerable, though.

Qiao Ling’s parents out of respect of Cheng Xiaoshi’s dignity will claim that he will need to pay off a 10 year debt, but secretly they refuse to hold him to it. Cheng Xiaoshi as a little one would freak out about living away from the studio but also was terrified of spending a night alone, so there was a period of time where her dad would literally sleep on the sofa overnight just so that he would feel safe.

Just a factoid for you to do with it what you will—if you intend to put a photo or something on someone’s grave or urn, traditionally it should not include the living in it. So you can’t have a photo of yourself with the deceased on their grave because you are still alive. That being said, while Lu Guang has no interest in taking photos of himself alone he treasures the photos he has of himself with CXS. To him, it is either a promise or a threat, and he doesn’t mind either.

Cheng Xiaoshi has absolutely suggested that he and Lu Guang become sworn brothers Jin Yong style, and was 100% sober at the time.

bonus: Lu Guang’s cat rest stops

[bookofjin]

Accounts of Qiuci and Yutian (LS54)

The state of 龜茲, Middle Chinese *Khjuw-dzi, Standard Chinese Qiūcí, now Kucha, was located on the northern side of the Tarim basin.

The state of 于闐, Middle Chinese *Hju-den, Standard Chinese Yútián, now Hotan or Khotan, was located on the south-western of the Tarim basin.

Beside their central locations on the Silk Road, both kindoms were centers for Buddhist learning and served a key role in that religion's spread into China.

Pictures ambassadors taken from Song copy of the Portraits of Periodical Offering of Liang (Beiti and Qiuci), Tang The Gathering of Kings (c. 650 AD) (Beiti, Qiuci, and Yutian), and the Southern Tang Entrance of the Foreign Visitors of Emperor Yuan of Liang (mid 10th century)(Beiti, Qiuci, and Yutian)

(Scans taken from Wikipedia)

The various Rong of the North-west, during the Han period, Zhang Qian first went out on the tracks of the Western Region, Gan Ying then approached the Western Sea. Sometimes they dispatched attendant sons, sometimes they offered displays of tribute. At that time, though they were destitute in troops, they were extremely martial, and they were only just overcome and vanquished. Compared to previous eras, their plundering was far reaching. In the time of Wei, three regions were [like] legs of a tripod, with daily matters of opposing halberds, When the Jin clan pacified Wu and afterwards, and they for a little while obtained a little tranquillity and rest, they merely set up the office of Wuji. The various states likewise were not yet retainers and followers. Continuing on with the Central States' destruction and disorder, Hu people rose up one after the other. The Western Region was separated and blocked from Jiangdong and difficult translations were not exchanged. Lü Guang's expedition to Quici was more like barbarians invading barbarians, and no idea of the Central States. Since that point, the various states have divided and united, been victorious or defeated, strong or weak, and it is difficult to obtain a thorough record. Bright gems and blue feathers were only familiar in the rear palaces, Pushao and Longwen [horses] rarely entered the outer offices. At Liang accepting the mandate, they who served the correct calendar and were in the court's palaces and courtyard, were the states of Chouchi, Dangchang, Gaochang, Dengzhi, Henan, Quici, Yutian and Hua. Now [I] patch together their manners and customs, and as an Account of the North-western Rong as follows:

…

The state of Hua is a branch of Jushi. Han's 1st Year of Yongjian [126 AD], Bahua accompanied Ban Yong to strike the northern villains and had merit. Yong elevated Bahua to Marquis Friendly to Han of the Rear Section. From Wei, Jin, and onwards, they did not communicate with the Central States.

…

The state of Baiti, the King's family name is Zhi and his personal name Shijiyi. His ancestors perhaps were Hu from a branch of the Xiongnu. When Han's Guan Ying fought with Xiongnu, he beheaded one Baiti cavalryman. Now it is east of the state of Hua. The distance to Hua is six day's travel, furthest west is Persia [Bosi波斯]. The land produces millet, wheat, and melons. The food is roughly similar to Hua.

…

Qiuci is an old state of the Western Regions. In the time of Guangwu of Later Han [r- 25 – 57 AD], their King was named Hong. He was killed by the King of Shache, Xian, who wiped out his family. Xian sent his son Zeluo to be King of Qiuci. The people of the state also killed Zeluo. The Xiongnu installed a notable man from Quici, Shendu, as King, and because of this they belonged to the Xiongnu. However Qiuci in the Han period was regularly a great state, the capital was called Yan City.

When Emperor Wen of Wei begun his reign [r. 220 - 226], they dispatched envoys with tribute to present. Middle of Jin's Taikang era [280 -289], they dispatched sons to enter [court] in attendance.

7th Year of Taiyuan [382 AD], the ruler of Qin, Fu Jian, dispatched general Lü Guang to invade the Western Region. He arrived at Qiuci. The King of Qiuci, Bochun, loaded up the treasure, set out and ran. Guang entered his city. The city has three layers. The outer walls are comparable to the walls of Chang'an. The rooms and buildings are huge and magnificent. For decoration they use gemstones, gold, and jade. Guang installed Bochun's younger brother Zhen as King, and then returned home. Since then they have been cut off from the Central States and not communicated.

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The state of Yutian belongs to the Western Regions. At the end of Later Han's Jianwu era Jianwu [25 – 56 AD], King Yu was routed by the King of Shache, Xian. He moved him to be King of Ligui, and used his younger brother Junde as King of Yutian. He was violent and cruel, and the hundred families were troubled by him. Middle of Yongping [58 – 75 AD], a man of their kind, Dumo, killed Junde. A nobleman, Xiumoba also killed Dumo, and installed himself as King. Ba died, and his older brother's son Guangde was installed. He afterwards struck and captured the King of Shache, Xian, to return home, and killed him, and thereupon he made a strong state. The various small states of the north-west all yield and follow.

In their land there are many rivers and rainstorms, sand and rock. The air is warm and suitable for rice, wheat, and rose apple [putao 蒲桃]. There is a river which produces jade, it is called the Yu He [“Jade river”, 玉河]. People of the state are good at casting copper vessels. Their government seat is called Xishan City, it has roofed houses, markets, and wells. The fruit and vegetables are comparable to the Central States. They are particularly reverent of Buddhism. The building where the King dwells has cinnabar drawings applied to it. The King's headgear is a golden head-wrap, similar to the present Hu-style hat. He sits side by side with his wife when welcoming guests. Within their state, the married women all braid their hair and wear fur trousers. Their people are respectful. When they see each other, they kneel, and when they kneel, one knee touches the ground. For writing they use wood for brush and slips, and jade for stamps. When the people of the state obtain a letter, they wear it on their head, and then afterwards open up the slips. In the time of Emperor Wen of Wei, King Shanxi presented famous horses.