#how to make biochar

[farmerstrend]

Biochar in Agriculture: Why Kenyan Farmers Should Start Using Biochar for Sustainable Farming

Biochar is an age-old method of improving soil health. The earliest known use of biochar in agriculture was over 2,000 years ago by the pre-Columbian indigenous people of the Amazon Basin. When scientists tested the soil in the area, they noticed how it had remained rich for over eight hundred years. This is because the indigenous people of the Amazon Basin used amended leftover charcoal from…

[tameblog]

While biochar is by no means new, it is relatively new to the world of horticulture as a mainstream soil amendment. But what is it exactly? Biochar is a substance that is created by burning organic material in an oxygen-deprived environment. This results in a highly stable form of carbon. Scientists call it “recalcitrant carbon” because it can remain in soil for decades, perhaps even millennia. The long history of biochar as a soil amendment Biochar has been used by indigenous peoples in the Amazon basin for at least 2,000 years. Sites that have historically been treated this way contain highly fertile soils called terra preta that have elevated levels of carbon, thanks to the stable biochar in the soils. Amazonian farmers developed these terra preta soils by incorporating charcoal with pottery shards and organic matter, and these soils remain fertile to this day. The value of biochar for modern agriculture was first recognized by the Dutch soil scientist Wim Sombroek in the 1950s. He observed highly fertile soils in the Amazon near less productive acidic soils and began a lifetime of studies dedicated to understanding the cause of increased fertility in terra preta soils. This technician is adding poultry waste to a pyrolysis reactor to make biochar. Photo: Stephen Ausmus, USDA How biochar is made and where to buy it Modern biochar is created by burning organic materials at 350°C (662°F) to 700°C (1292°F) in a low-oxygen environment. This can be done in a highly technical way using a pyrolysis reactor, or by a home gardener who has constructed a biochar kiln. Another method is to stack organic materials ranging in size from 1 to 10 inches thick and then set them on fire starting from the top. This creates a low-oxygen environment, which slowly transforms the organic materials into biochar over the course of hours depending on the size of the piles. It is critical to quench the coals with water or rake them out before they turn to ash. One example of this method can be found in forest management. Forest undergrowth cleared to reduce forest fire risk is a promising organic material source for biochar, which can then be reapplied to marginal forest soils. While this is how biochar is made, it is readily available at many garden centers, nurseries, and agricultural supply stores for purchase in different quantities. What does biochar actually do to soil? When applied to soils, biochar can provide many soil health benefits. These include: improving water availability and drainage providing habitat for soil microbes increasing nutrient availability in the soil increasing the soil’s ability to retain certain nutrients, otherwise known as its cation exchange capacity, or CEC sequestering carbon It also has potential for remediating polluted soils because it can bind heavy metals from interacting with plants and soil organisms. Materials that can be used to make biochar Organic source materials for biochar production range from vineyard cuttings (i.e., vines removed during the pruning process), manure, food waste, and crop residues. The material used to create biochar greatly influences its properties, most notably the nutrient content of the source material. Manure, for example, produces biochar with higher phosphorus than that created using wood chips. If you are planning to try biochar in your garden, it is important to “charge” or “activate” the biochar prior to use. Uncharged or inactivated biochar absorbs nutrients, potentially binding them up and making them unavailable to your plants. How to activate biochar Fortunately, it is relatively easy to activate biochar. One of the most effective ways is to mix it with compost, add enough water for it to be moist, and let it stand for 7 to 21 days prior to applying it to your soil. You can then incorporate the mix directly into your garden. Other methods of activating biochar include mixing it with manure, compost tea, or even liquid fertilizer. Most commercially available sources of biochar are already activated. It is worth confirming this with the manufacturer prior to purchase. Biochar has been tilled into this soil to increase crop yields. Photo: GIZ Bush Control and Biomass Utilisation Project, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons How to add biochar to your soil There are multiple recommended methods for incorporating biochar into soil or potting mixes, including topdressing, adding it to the planting hole, and adding it to the soil before tillage. Spring applications are usually recommended, but fall is fine, assuming you plant a cover crop or take other precautions to reduce erosion or nutrient runoff. How much biochar you should add to your soil The recommended volume of biochar to add as an amendment is significant, with recommended rates ranging from 5% to 20% by volume. So it is most feasible to use biochar in container plantings, to get trees off to a good start, in small-scale gardens, and in landscaping. It is an amendment that generally is not applied repeatedly but valued more for its long-term effects, making it a great option for perennial systems including vineyards and orchards. Which soils benefit the most from biochar, and which do not? Biochar is not equally beneficial for all soils or all cropping systems. It is best used on lower quality soils, soils with compaction and drainage issues, sandy soils, and those with a low pH (acidic). It has been used in place of lime to correct soil acidity. In contrast, soils naturally high in organic matter, those with a high pH or CEC, and clay soils will likely show far less improvement from biochar. Due to the cost of biochar as an amendment, it is not feasible for most large-scale farming operations, but it is worth trying for home gardens and container plantings, and for getting perennials off to a good start. Biochar is not a replacement for other sources of carbon, but when used alongside more traditional soil amendments like regular applications of compost, it can be a useful and sustainable addition to a garden soil management plan.   To discuss this article or ask other gardening questions, head over to the Gardening Answers forum. For more Southeast regional reports, click here. Kirsten Kurtz received her master of science degree from Cornell University and is now the assistant director of the Cornell Soil Health Laboratory. Fine Gardening Recommended Products Corona E-Grip Trowel Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. Handle Material: Aluminum. Handle Length: 14-1/2 in. Overall Length: 14.5 in. Head Material: Aluminum. Handle Color: Red. A.M. Leonard Deluxe Soil Knife & Leather Sheath Combo Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. MULTITASKING DUAL EDGES: a deep serrated edge and a tapered slicing edge ideal for tough or delicate cuts. DURABLE 6-inch stainless steel blade withstands 300 lbs of pressure. TWINE CUTTING NOTCH, DEPTH GAUGE MARKINGS & spear point - no need to switch tools when using this garden knife. LEATHER SHEATH: heavy duty, protective, clip on sheath to keep your knife convenient and secure. LIFETIME WARRANTY. Gardena 3103 Combisystem 12-Inch To 20-Inch Adjustable Metal Fan Rake Head Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. With adjustable tine spacing: suitable for raking coarse and fine material. Flexible, zinc-plated spring-steel prongs. Working width adjustable from 12-20 inches. Sold as head only, handle sold separately. Source link

[thekitchenywitch]

No no no, I don’t think you guys understand how big that is that person just made *biochar*. This is made by firing any kind of biomass at a heat hot enough that it becomes similar to fucking charcoal. My aunt and uncle met because of this stuff. My uncle works as a chef and a professor at a local college that is very proud of how they handle waste, composting what they can and all that. Well my aunt was taking a tour of the college my uncle works at and the topic came up about how most of the waste they couldn’t reuse was bones, and my aunt is an environmental scientist and explained to him that they could use the left over bones to make biochar. Biochar literally caused the marriage of my uncle. Not only that but it’s a pretty good option for lowering carbon footprints. It is literally something that take hours to develop in very high temperatures And this person made it not once but TWICE while attempting to cook.

(I apologize for the rant)

[jaysnsahu]

Global Slush Machine Market Outlook (2025–2031): Key Trends, Opportunities & Forecasts

"

The Global Slush Machine Market is projected to grow steadily from 2025 through 2031. This report offers critical insights into market dynamics, regional trends, competitive strategies, and upcoming opportunities. It's designed to guide companies, investors, and industry stakeholders in making smart, strategic decisions based on data and trend analysis.

Report Highlights:

Breakthroughs in Slush Machine product innovation

The role of synthetic sourcing in transforming production models

Emphasis on cost-reduction techniques and new product applications

Market Developments:

Advancing R&D and new product pipelines in the Slush Machine sector

Transition toward synthetic material use across production lines

Success stories from top players adopting cost-effective manufacturing

Featured Companies:

TAYLOR

Ali

Bunn

Donper

Elmeco

Vollrath

MKK

CAB S.p.A.

GQ Food

Wilbur Curtis

Nostalgia

Cofrimell

Chubu Corporation

Get detailed profiles of major industry players, including their growth strategies, product updates, and competitive positioning. This section helps you stay informed on key market leaders and their direction.

Download the Full Report Today  https://marketsglob.com/report/slush-machine-market/1571/

Coverage by Segment:

Product Types Covered:

One Tank

Two Tanks

Three Tanks

Others

Applications Covered:

Commercial Usage

Home Usage

Sales Channels Covered:

Direct Channel

Distribution Channel

Regional Breakdown:

North America (United States, Canada, Mexico)

Europe (Germany, United Kingdom, France, Italy, Russia, Spain, Benelux, Poland, Austria, Portugal, Rest of Europe)

Asia-Pacific (China, Japan, Korea, India, Southeast Asia, Australia, Taiwan, Rest of Asia Pacific)

South America (Brazil, Argentina, Colombia, Chile, Peru, Venezuela, Rest of South America)

Middle East & Africa (UAE, Saudi Arabia, South Africa, Egypt, Nigeria, Rest of Middle East & Africa)

Key Insights:

Forecasts for market size, CAGR, and share through 2031

Analysis of growth potential in emerging and developed regions

Demand trends for generic vs. premium product offerings

Pricing models, company revenues, and financial outlook

Licensing deals, co-development initiatives, and strategic partnerships

This Global Slush Machine Market report is a complete guide to understanding where the industry stands and how it's expected to evolve. Whether you're launching a new product or expanding into new regions, this report will support your planning with actionable insights.

" Biochar Market Dental 3D printer Market Disposable Underwear Market EEG-EMG Equipment Market Gas Leaf Blower Market Liquid Crystal Polymer (LCP) Fiber Market Dry Wine Market Polyester Staple Fiber Market Tankless Water Heater Market Bidets Market Acrylonitrile Butadiene Styrene (ABS) Resin Market Aquarium Equipment Market Biological Safety Cabinet Market

[stephenbloger]

How Do Innovative Thinkers Shape the Future of Green Initiatives?

Innovative thinkers are at the heart of the global shift toward sustainability, driving green initiatives that redefine how we live, work, and interact with the environment. Brad Fauteux creativity, leadership, and willingness to challenge the status quo are transforming challenges into opportunities for a more resilient and equitable future.

The Power of Creative Solutions in Sustainability

Innovative thinkers approach environmental challenges with a blend of passion and technological prowess, leading to the emergence of creative solutions that set new benchmarks for sustainability. For instance, the development of circular economies—systems that eliminate waste by continually reusing resources—contrasts sharply with the traditional 'take-make-dispose' model. By promoting regeneration and extending product lifespans, these thinkers are fundamentally shifting how society views waste and resources.

Similarly, advancements in renewable energy, such as more efficient solar panels and wind turbines capable of operating at low wind speeds, exemplify how innovation can meet human needs while preserving planetary health.

Visionary Leadership and Strategic Governance

At the organizational level, innovation leaders are pivotal in embedding sustainability into core business strategies. They develop clear, purpose-driven visions that align with environmental and social goals, ensuring sustainability is not a side project but a fundamental part of the organizational mission. This involves strong governance, balancing financial, environmental, and social risks, and fostering a culture that embraces change and responsible risk-taking.

Building Sustainable Innovation Ecosystems

Innovative thinkers recognize that meaningful green initiatives require collaboration across sectors and disciplines. They build ecosystems that encourage knowledge sharing, stakeholder engagement, and cross-industry partnerships. This collaborative approach accelerates the adoption of sustainable practices and allows for the integration of diverse perspectives, resulting in more robust and scalable solutions.

Technology as a Catalyst for Green Innovation

Technological innovation is a driving force behind many green initiatives. From AI-driven vertical farms that optimize growing conditions and reduce resource consumption, to solar desalination systems providing clean water in arid regions, technology enables solutions that were previously unimaginable. These innovations not only cut emissions and resource use but also promote social equity by making sustainable solutions accessible to more communities.

Real-World Examples of Green Innovation

Solar Desalination: Companies like Elemental Water Makers use solar power to convert seawater into drinkable water, addressing water scarcity in remote regions without relying on fossil fuels.

AI-Driven Agriculture: Greens utilizes AI to optimize plant growth conditions, reduce pesticide use, and enable year-round production, setting new standards for sustainable food systems.

Youth-Led Initiatives: Young innovators worldwide are leading projects such as off-grid cold storage for farmers, reforestation using biochar, and urban gardening programs, demonstrating the power of grassroots innovation in driving environmental change.

Demonstrating Value Beyond Profit

Innovative thinkers and leaders in sustainability emphasize that green initiatives provide value far beyond financial returns. They highlight benefits such as long-term resilience, social impact, and enhanced stakeholder trust. By communicating these broader values, they secure buy-in from stakeholders and ensure ongoing commitment to sustainability goals.

Adapting and Scaling for the Future

Sustainable innovation requires adaptability. Innovative thinkers employ agile project management and iterative decision-making, allowing them to respond quickly to new insights and changing circumstances. They also apply principles of circularity to existing assets, favoring retrofitting and recycling over replacement, and use data-driven insights to optimize resource use and measure impact.

Conclusion

Innovative thinkers shape the future of green initiatives by transforming challenges into opportunities, fostering collaboration, leveraging technology, and embedding sustainability into the core of organizational and societal frameworks. Their visionary leadership, adaptability, and commitment to value beyond profit are essential for building a resilient, equitable, and sustainable future for all.

[blogbyrajesh]

Demystifying Waste-to-Energy: How Pyrolysis, Distillation, and Gasification Work

With climate change, resource scarcity, and environmental degradation becoming global concerns, waste-to-energy (WTE) technology is no longer just a trend—it's a necessity. But despite its increasing adoption, many people and businesses still don’t fully understand how these technologies work or what makes them so effective.

In this post, we’ll break down three of the most impactful waste-to-energy processes—pyrolysis, distillation, and gasification—and explore how they are helping industries turn waste into usable fuel and energy.

1. Pyrolysis: Breaking Down Plastic Waste into Fuel

What It Does: Pyrolysis is a process that thermally decomposes plastic in the absence of oxygen. It’s ideal for handling non-recyclable plastics and converting them into fuel oil, gas, and solid residues like carbon black.

How It Works: The plastic is shredded and fed into a reactor where it is heated to 350–500°C in a controlled, oxygen-free environment. Instead of burning, the plastic breaks down into vapor, which is then condensed into liquid fuel.

End Products:

Fuel oil: Can be used for heating, generators, or further refining.

Carbon black: Used in tire manufacturing, inks, and pigments.

Combustible gas: Often reused within the system to maintain the reactor temperature.

Why It Matters: Plastic waste is notoriously difficult to manage. Pyrolysis offers a scalable and eco-friendly alternative to landfilling or incineration, turning a persistent pollutant into a valuable fuel source.

2. Distillation: Refining Used Oil into Clean Diesel

What It Does: Distillation technology converts used or contaminated oil—like engine oil, hydraulic oil, or transformer oil—into clean, reusable diesel.

How It Works: The process involves several steps:

Pre-treatment: Removes water, sediments, and additives.

Heating: Oil is vaporized in a distillation chamber under controlled pressure.

Condensation: Vapors pass through a condenser and revert to liquid.

Filtration: Final purification ensures diesel meets clean-burning standards.

End Products:

Diesel fuel: Suitable for vehicles, machinery, and generators.

Residue sludge: Often used in asphalt or further treated.

Why It Matters: Used oil is classified as hazardous waste. By refining it into diesel, industries not only avoid expensive disposal but also reduce the demand for new fossil fuel extraction. It’s a win-win for the economy and the planet.

3. Gasification: Converting Biomass into Energy

What It Does: Gasification converts solid organic material like wood chips, rice husks, or coconut shells into synthetic gas (syngas), which can then be used as fuel for energy generation.

How It Works: Biomass is fed into a gasifier, where it is exposed to a high-temperature environment with limited oxygen. This triggers a chemical reaction that produces syngas—a mixture of carbon monoxide, hydrogen, and methane.

End Products:

Syngas: Can power internal combustion engines, turbines, or be used for heating.

Biochar/ash: Often used as a soil enhancer or for carbon capture.

Why It Matters: Gasification is a powerful tool for rural electrification and decentralized energy systems. It allows local industries and farms to convert waste biomass into usable power, reducing dependency on fossil fuels and grid electricity.

Beyond the Technology: The Bigger Picture

What makes these technologies truly transformative is not just their technical functionality but their role in supporting a circular economy. Instead of following a linear path of extraction, consumption, and disposal, industries can now close the loop by reclaiming resources from waste.

Additionally, integrating these systems:

Reduces landfill waste

Cuts greenhouse gas emissions

Minimizes energy costs

Enhances compliance with environmental regulations

Final Thoughts

Understanding the mechanics of waste-to-energy systems isn’t just for engineers. Business owners, policymakers, and environmental advocates can all benefit from knowing how these processes work and why they matter.

Pyrolysis, distillation, and gasification are more than just buzzwords—they’re real solutions addressing some of today’s most critical challenges. With the right implementation, they can help industries transition from waste producers to energy innovators, paving the way for a cleaner and more resilient future.

[yonderh2]

Hydrogen Production Technologies: The Quiet Revolution Fueling a Cleaner Future

There’s a quiet revolution happening beneath our noses—and it’s not digital, it’s elemental. As the world looks to decarbonize, one element stands at the center of a cleaner future: hydrogen. But not just any hydrogen—clean, scalable, and cost-effective hydrogen.

Welcome to the era of bold transformation through hydrogen production technologies.

But let’s be honest. The phrase “hydrogen production technologies” may sound like it belongs in a sterile lab filled with bubbling beakers and lab coats. In reality, it’s far more exciting—and far more human. It’s about solving one of our generation’s greatest challenges: how to power our homes, industries, and vehicles without poisoning our planet.

Why Hydrogen? Why Now?

Before we dive into the tech, let’s talk need.

The global energy system has been heavily reliant on fossil fuels for centuries. But with rising temperatures, increased air pollution, and depleting oil reserves, we’re at an inflection point. The world needs a cleaner, more versatile energy carrier.

Enter hydrogen. It’s abundant, it’s clean at the point of use, and it’s adaptable. But—and this is a big but—it matters how we produce it.

This is where the diversity and innovation in hydrogen production technologies come in. The goal? Create hydrogen without emitting more carbon than we save.

The Color Spectrum of Hydrogen Production

Not all hydrogen is created equal. To make the discussion easier, the industry categorizes hydrogen based on the production method:

Grey Hydrogen: Derived from natural gas via steam methane reforming (SMR), but with significant CO₂ emissions.

Blue Hydrogen: Same as grey, but with carbon capture and storage (CCS) applied to reduce emissions.

Green Hydrogen: Produced through electrolysis powered by renewable energy—this is the gold standard of clean hydrogen.

Turquoise & Pink Hydrogen: Emerging methods using pyrolysis and nuclear energy, respectively.

Each color represents a different set of trade-offs—cost, infrastructure, and carbon impact. Choosing the right mix of hydrogen production technologies depends on regional resources, policy incentives, and climate urgency.

The Core Technologies: Electrolysis, Reforming & Beyond

Let’s break down the main approaches that make up today’s hydrogen production ecosystem.

1. Electrolysis

This method uses electricity to split water into hydrogen and oxygen. It’s emission-free if powered by renewable energy. There are several types:

PEM (Proton Exchange Membrane): High efficiency, fast response, expensive materials.

Alkaline Electrolyzers: Mature, cost-effective, but less flexible.

Solid Oxide Electrolyzers: High-temperature, still experimental, but very efficient.

2. Steam Methane Reforming (SMR)

This traditional method extracts hydrogen from methane. It’s cheap but carbon-intensive—unless combined with CCS (making it “blue” hydrogen).

3. Biomass Gasification & Pyrolysis

These use organic material to produce hydrogen and biochar, a solid carbon product. This can be carbon-negative under the right conditions.

4. Photocatalysis & Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting

Still largely in research, these mimic photosynthesis to generate hydrogen directly from sunlight.

This is just the surface. The field of hydrogen production technologies is rapidly evolving, driven by breakthroughs in nanomaterials, AI modeling, and thermochemical innovations.

What’s Holding Us Back?

Despite the promise, we’re not seeing hydrogen pumps on every corner just yet. Why?

High Costs: Green hydrogen is still 2-5x more expensive than grey hydrogen.

Infrastructure: From pipelines to storage tanks, we need a robust supply chain.

Policy Gaps: Many countries lack cohesive strategies or incentives to scale hydrogen production.

Energy Input: Electrolysis is energy-intensive, making renewable availability a key factor.

But change is coming. The European Union, Japan, and India have all launched aggressive hydrogen roadmaps. Venture capital is flowing into clean tech startups. Oil giants are pivoting to hydrogen divisions. What once sounded theoretical is now deeply practical.

A Human-Centered Vision of the Hydrogen Economy

Let’s shift gears.

We often talk about hydrogen as a “fuel of the future.” But think of it as an enabler of present-day resilience. A village in Rajasthan using solar-powered electrolyzers for local energy. A factory in Germany replacing coal-fed boilers with green hydrogen burners. A fleet of delivery trucks in California emitting nothing but water vapor.

It’s easy to forget: behind all these technologies are people. Scientists, engineers, welders, policy makers, and dreamers. The world’s energy transition is not a cold, robotic shift—it’s a profoundly human mission. And it’s led by the quiet, powerful force of hydrogen production technologies.

What Should Businesses and Startups Know?

If you're an industrial manufacturer, logistics provider, or energy startup, hydrogen is no longer a “watch this space” technology—it’s a strategic consideration. Here’s why:

Policy-Driven Demand: Governments are offering subsidies, tax breaks, and contracts for hydrogen-based solutions.

First-Mover Advantage: Early adopters can lock in supply chains, brand equity, and innovation partnerships.

Sustainability Mandates: ESG metrics are not optional. Stakeholders want proof of carbon reduction—not promises.

So whether you're building hydrogen infrastructure or planning to integrate clean fuels into your operations, now is the time to get familiar with the ecosystem. Because today’s experimentation is tomorrow’s expectation.

Final Thoughts: The Future is Splitting Water

Let’s bring it back to the human level.

The shift to hydrogen isn't just about science or policy—it’s about possibility. A world where our children breathe easier, where our power grids are cleaner, and where geopolitical energy battles give way to decentralized, democratic access to fuel.

Hydrogen production technologies offer us a rare second chance to get energy right.

And if history tells us anything, it’s this: revolutions don’t always roar. Sometimes, they start with a quiet reaction between water and electricity.

[skyovereuropeldkde]

The Government has responded to the petition you signed – “Make all forms of 'geo-engineering' affecting the environment illegal”.

Government responded:

Greenhouse Gas Removals are important for achieving net zero emissions. The Government is not in favour of using Solar Radiation Modification and has no plans for deployment.

Making Britain a clean energy superpower is one of the five missions of this Government — delivering clean power by 2030 and accelerating to net zero across the economy. The government’s priority is to reduce greenhouse gas emissions from human activities and to adapt to the unavoidable impacts of climate change.

Geo-engineering is a term commonly used to refer to two types of technologies: Greenhouse Gas Removals (GGRs) and Solar Radiation Modification (SRM).

GGR technologies will be important for reaching net zero – balancing residual emissions from hard-to-decarbonise sectors, as recognised by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change and the UK’s independent Climate Change Committee. There are commercial scale GGR projects operating and being planned around the world.

GGR approaches fall broadly into two categories: 1) nature-based approaches, such as afforestation, and soil carbon sequestration, and 2) engineering-based approaches, such as Direct Air Carbon Capture and Storage, Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage, carbon in building materials, biochar, and enhanced rock weathering. Nature-based methods can play an important role in removing and storing carbon dioxide at scale while delivering a range of additional environmental benefits such as biodiversity gain, air quality and soil health. However, due to factors such as land constraints and timescales for sequestration, the evidence demonstrates that nature-based GGRs must be complemented by engineered solutions to remove carbon dioxide at the speed and scale needed to meet our targets.

In February, the government announced an Independent Review to consider how GGRs can assist the UK in meeting our net zero targets out to 2050. The review is not centred on any particular project and will consider all GGRs, with a focus on engineered GGR approaches. The review’s findings will be published.

The government supports the deployment of high integrity removals, and has committed to ensuring that GGRs provide measurable and verifiable removals of CO2 from the atmosphere. The government is currently working with the British Standards Institution to develop GGR methodologies. Some GGR technologies may use sustainable biomass and relevant GGR standards will also include biomass sustainability criteria. These criteria will build on the existing sustainability criteria for biomass to ensure they are based on the latest evidence base. The government plan to consult on the details of the sustainability actions set out in the Biomass Strategy published in 2023.

In March 2023, the government committed to launch a process to expand the Track-1 Carbon Capture Usage and Storage clusters: HyNet and East Coast Clusters. As of spring 2024, the Track-1 expansion HyNet process allows GGR and Power Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage projects to apply to the expansion of the HyNet cluster in the North West. Applicants for Track-1 expansion HyNet were expected to complete an Environment Agency Guidance annex, as per the application guidance published in December 2023. This annex provides environmental considerations likely to be relevant to projects and steps they may need to take in relation to obtaining permits and consents. The Environment Agency Guidance aids the identification of key environmental risks associated with proposals and helps applicants to demonstrate awareness of potential control measures and environmental standards and regulations for the areas of risk that may be relevant to proposals.

SRM describes a set of technologies that could theoretically cool the Earth by reflecting some of the Sun’s energy back into space. However, the wider consequences of SRM are poorly understood, with significant uncertainty around the possible risks and impacts of deployment. As such, the government’s position is that it is not deploying SRM and has no plans in place to do so.

The government acknowledges that the Advanced Research and Invention Agency (ARIA), an independent research agency sponsored by the Department for Science, Innovation, and Technology, are funding some SRM research projects through their Exploring Climate Cooling Programme. This research aims to begin gathering critical missing scientific data to better understand potential Earth cooling approaches, conducting cautious, controlled research aimed at improving understanding of the risks and impacts associated with cooling technologies. The programme does not fund deployment. None of the approved ARIA projects involve the release of toxic materials to the environment. This research into cooling technologies in no way alleviates the urgent need for increased decarbonisation efforts.

Department for Energy Security and Net Zero

Click this link to view the response online:

https://petition.parliament.uk/petitions/701963...

This petition has over 100,000 signatures. The Petitions Committee will consider it for a debate. They can also gather further evidence and press the government for action.

The Committee is made up of 11 MPs, from political parties in government and in opposition. It is entirely independent of the Government. Find out more about the Committee: https://petition.parliament.uk/help#petitions-committee

Thanks,

The Petitions Team

House of Commons Shared by Mike Willson UK

[pranjaldalvi]

Regenerative Agriculture Market Analysis: Trends, Challenges, and Future Outlook

In recent years, the concept of regenerative agriculture has gained momentum as a sustainable alternative to conventional farming practices. Unlike traditional agriculture, which often depletes natural resources, regenerative agriculture seeks to restore and enhance the health of ecosystems, improve soil biodiversity, and capture carbon in the soil. As global concerns over climate change, food security, and soil degradation intensify, the regenerative agriculture market is emerging as a critical player in shaping the future of food systems.

Market Overview

The regenerative agriculture market is currently in its early stages but is experiencing steady growth. According to various industry analyses, the global market size for regenerative agriculture was valued at several billion dollars in 2023 and is projected to grow significantly over the next decade. The market includes practices and products such as cover cropping, no-till farming, rotational grazing, agroforestry, organic inputs, and biochar.

The demand is driven by consumers, corporations, and policymakers who are increasingly prioritizing sustainability. Large food and beverage companies like General Mills, Nestlé, and Danone have made public commitments to sourcing from regenerative farms, signaling a shift in corporate responsibility and influencing supply chains. At the same time, government policies and initiatives promoting carbon farming and soil health are beginning to provide a more supportive regulatory environment.

Key Drivers

Environmental Concerns: With increasing awareness about climate change and the impact of industrial agriculture on greenhouse gas emissions, regenerative agriculture offers a solution by enhancing carbon sequestration, improving water retention, and reducing chemical inputs.

Soil Health and Productivity: Healthy soils are critical for long-term agricultural productivity. Regenerative practices increase soil organic matter, reduce erosion, and support biodiversity, leading to more resilient farming systems.

Consumer Demand: Consumers are becoming more conscious of how their food is produced. This shift is driving demand for products labeled as “regeneratively grown,” creating new niche markets and price premiums.

Corporate Commitments: Major agribusinesses and food producers are adopting regenerative practices to meet sustainability goals, reduce supply chain risks, and appeal to environmentally aware consumers.

Financial Innovation: Emerging carbon credit markets, green bonds, and impact investment funds are helping to finance the transition to regenerative agriculture, making it more financially viable for farmers.

Market Challenges

Despite the potential, the regenerative agriculture market faces several significant challenges:

Economic Barriers for Farmers: Transitioning to regenerative practices often involves upfront costs, reduced yields in the short term, and a learning curve. Many farmers lack the financial resources or risk tolerance to make the shift without external support.

Lack of Standardization: There is no universal definition or certification for regenerative agriculture, making it difficult for consumers to identify authentic regenerative products and for businesses to verify supply chain claims.

Policy Gaps: Government subsidies and crop insurance programs often favor conventional monoculture systems. Without targeted policy reforms, regenerative practices remain at a disadvantage.

Market Fragmentation: The regenerative agriculture market is still fragmented, with limited infrastructure, knowledge sharing, and access to regenerative supply chains, particularly for smallholder farmers.

Regional Insights

North America: The U.S. and Canada are leading in terms of regenerative farming adoption, supported by NGOs, research institutions, and pilot projects from major companies.

Europe: The EU is advancing soil health and biodiversity through the Green Deal and Farm to Fork Strategy, offering strong policy support for regenerative practices.

Asia-Pacific and Africa: These regions have potential for rapid growth in regenerative agriculture due to smallholder farming traditions, though they face significant barriers in infrastructure and access to finance.

Opportunities for Growth

To scale the regenerative agriculture market, several key actions can be taken:

Policy Reform: Governments can redirect subsidies and introduce incentives that support regenerative practices, such as paying farmers for ecosystem services like carbon sequestration.

Certification and Labeling: Establishing clear standards and third-party verification will build consumer trust and expand market opportunities.

Education and Training: Providing farmers with access to knowledge, peer networks, and technical support is essential for successful transitions.

Technology Integration: Precision agriculture tools, remote sensing, and data analytics can help farmers monitor soil health and improve regenerative outcomes.

Private Sector Partnerships: Collaboration between corporations, startups, and NGOs can accelerate the development of regenerative supply chains and financial models.

Conclusion

The regenerative agriculture market presents a promising pathway toward sustainable and resilient food systems. While significant challenges remain, especially around finance, policy, and infrastructure, the growing interest from consumers, businesses, and governments suggests strong future potential. By aligning economic incentives with ecological outcomes, regenerative agriculture can become a cornerstone of the global transition to sustainability—benefiting farmers, consumers, and the planet alike.

[ramestoryworld]

While biochar is by no means new, it is relatively new to the world of horticulture as a mainstream soil amendment. But what is it exactly? Biochar is a substance that is created by burning organic material in an oxygen-deprived environment. This results in a highly stable form of carbon. Scientists call it “recalcitrant carbon” because it can remain in soil for decades, perhaps even millennia. The long history of biochar as a soil amendment Biochar has been used by indigenous peoples in the Amazon basin for at least 2,000 years. Sites that have historically been treated this way contain highly fertile soils called terra preta that have elevated levels of carbon, thanks to the stable biochar in the soils. Amazonian farmers developed these terra preta soils by incorporating charcoal with pottery shards and organic matter, and these soils remain fertile to this day. The value of biochar for modern agriculture was first recognized by the Dutch soil scientist Wim Sombroek in the 1950s. He observed highly fertile soils in the Amazon near less productive acidic soils and began a lifetime of studies dedicated to understanding the cause of increased fertility in terra preta soils. This technician is adding poultry waste to a pyrolysis reactor to make biochar. Photo: Stephen Ausmus, USDA How biochar is made and where to buy it Modern biochar is created by burning organic materials at 350°C (662°F) to 700°C (1292°F) in a low-oxygen environment. This can be done in a highly technical way using a pyrolysis reactor, or by a home gardener who has constructed a biochar kiln. Another method is to stack organic materials ranging in size from 1 to 10 inches thick and then set them on fire starting from the top. This creates a low-oxygen environment, which slowly transforms the organic materials into biochar over the course of hours depending on the size of the piles. It is critical to quench the coals with water or rake them out before they turn to ash. One example of this method can be found in forest management. Forest undergrowth cleared to reduce forest fire risk is a promising organic material source for biochar, which can then be reapplied to marginal forest soils. While this is how biochar is made, it is readily available at many garden centers, nurseries, and agricultural supply stores for purchase in different quantities. What does biochar actually do to soil? When applied to soils, biochar can provide many soil health benefits. These include: improving water availability and drainage providing habitat for soil microbes increasing nutrient availability in the soil increasing the soil’s ability to retain certain nutrients, otherwise known as its cation exchange capacity, or CEC sequestering carbon It also has potential for remediating polluted soils because it can bind heavy metals from interacting with plants and soil organisms. Materials that can be used to make biochar Organic source materials for biochar production range from vineyard cuttings (i.e., vines removed during the pruning process), manure, food waste, and crop residues. The material used to create biochar greatly influences its properties, most notably the nutrient content of the source material. Manure, for example, produces biochar with higher phosphorus than that created using wood chips. If you are planning to try biochar in your garden, it is important to “charge” or “activate” the biochar prior to use. Uncharged or inactivated biochar absorbs nutrients, potentially binding them up and making them unavailable to your plants. How to activate biochar Fortunately, it is relatively easy to activate biochar. One of the most effective ways is to mix it with compost, add enough water for it to be moist, and let it stand for 7 to 21 days prior to applying it to your soil. You can then incorporate the mix directly into your garden. Other methods of activating biochar include mixing it with manure, compost tea, or even liquid fertilizer. Most commercially available sources of biochar are already activated. It is worth confirming this with the manufacturer prior to purchase. Biochar has been tilled into this soil to increase crop yields. Photo: GIZ Bush Control and Biomass Utilisation Project, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons How to add biochar to your soil There are multiple recommended methods for incorporating biochar into soil or potting mixes, including topdressing, adding it to the planting hole, and adding it to the soil before tillage. Spring applications are usually recommended, but fall is fine, assuming you plant a cover crop or take other precautions to reduce erosion or nutrient runoff. How much biochar you should add to your soil The recommended volume of biochar to add as an amendment is significant, with recommended rates ranging from 5% to 20% by volume. So it is most feasible to use biochar in container plantings, to get trees off to a good start, in small-scale gardens, and in landscaping. It is an amendment that generally is not applied repeatedly but valued more for its long-term effects, making it a great option for perennial systems including vineyards and orchards. Which soils benefit the most from biochar, and which do not? Biochar is not equally beneficial for all soils or all cropping systems. It is best used on lower quality soils, soils with compaction and drainage issues, sandy soils, and those with a low pH (acidic). It has been used in place of lime to correct soil acidity. In contrast, soils naturally high in organic matter, those with a high pH or CEC, and clay soils will likely show far less improvement from biochar. Due to the cost of biochar as an amendment, it is not feasible for most large-scale farming operations, but it is worth trying for home gardens and container plantings, and for getting perennials off to a good start. Biochar is not a replacement for other sources of carbon, but when used alongside more traditional soil amendments like regular applications of compost, it can be a useful and sustainable addition to a garden soil management plan.   To discuss this article or ask other gardening questions, head over to the Gardening Answers forum. For more Southeast regional reports, click here. Kirsten Kurtz received her master of science degree from Cornell University and is now the assistant director of the Cornell Soil Health Laboratory. Fine Gardening Recommended Products Corona E-Grip Trowel Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. Handle Material: Aluminum. Handle Length: 14-1/2 in. Overall Length: 14.5 in. Head Material: Aluminum. Handle Color: Red. A.M. Leonard Deluxe Soil Knife & Leather Sheath Combo Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. MULTITASKING DUAL EDGES: a deep serrated edge and a tapered slicing edge ideal for tough or delicate cuts. DURABLE 6-inch stainless steel blade withstands 300 lbs of pressure. TWINE CUTTING NOTCH, DEPTH GAUGE MARKINGS & spear point - no need to switch tools when using this garden knife. LEATHER SHEATH: heavy duty, protective, clip on sheath to keep your knife convenient and secure. LIFETIME WARRANTY. Gardena 3103 Combisystem 12-Inch To 20-Inch Adjustable Metal Fan Rake Head Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. With adjustable tine spacing: suitable for raking coarse and fine material. Flexible, zinc-plated spring-steel prongs. Working width adjustable from 12-20 inches. Sold as head only, handle sold separately. Source link

[alexha2210]

While biochar is by no means new, it is relatively new to the world of horticulture as a mainstream soil amendment. But what is it exactly? Biochar is a substance that is created by burning organic material in an oxygen-deprived environment. This results in a highly stable form of carbon. Scientists call it “recalcitrant carbon” because it can remain in soil for decades, perhaps even millennia. The long history of biochar as a soil amendment Biochar has been used by indigenous peoples in the Amazon basin for at least 2,000 years. Sites that have historically been treated this way contain highly fertile soils called terra preta that have elevated levels of carbon, thanks to the stable biochar in the soils. Amazonian farmers developed these terra preta soils by incorporating charcoal with pottery shards and organic matter, and these soils remain fertile to this day. The value of biochar for modern agriculture was first recognized by the Dutch soil scientist Wim Sombroek in the 1950s. He observed highly fertile soils in the Amazon near less productive acidic soils and began a lifetime of studies dedicated to understanding the cause of increased fertility in terra preta soils. This technician is adding poultry waste to a pyrolysis reactor to make biochar. Photo: Stephen Ausmus, USDA How biochar is made and where to buy it Modern biochar is created by burning organic materials at 350°C (662°F) to 700°C (1292°F) in a low-oxygen environment. This can be done in a highly technical way using a pyrolysis reactor, or by a home gardener who has constructed a biochar kiln. Another method is to stack organic materials ranging in size from 1 to 10 inches thick and then set them on fire starting from the top. This creates a low-oxygen environment, which slowly transforms the organic materials into biochar over the course of hours depending on the size of the piles. It is critical to quench the coals with water or rake them out before they turn to ash. One example of this method can be found in forest management. Forest undergrowth cleared to reduce forest fire risk is a promising organic material source for biochar, which can then be reapplied to marginal forest soils. While this is how biochar is made, it is readily available at many garden centers, nurseries, and agricultural supply stores for purchase in different quantities. What does biochar actually do to soil? When applied to soils, biochar can provide many soil health benefits. These include: improving water availability and drainage providing habitat for soil microbes increasing nutrient availability in the soil increasing the soil’s ability to retain certain nutrients, otherwise known as its cation exchange capacity, or CEC sequestering carbon It also has potential for remediating polluted soils because it can bind heavy metals from interacting with plants and soil organisms. Materials that can be used to make biochar Organic source materials for biochar production range from vineyard cuttings (i.e., vines removed during the pruning process), manure, food waste, and crop residues. The material used to create biochar greatly influences its properties, most notably the nutrient content of the source material. Manure, for example, produces biochar with higher phosphorus than that created using wood chips. If you are planning to try biochar in your garden, it is important to “charge” or “activate” the biochar prior to use. Uncharged or inactivated biochar absorbs nutrients, potentially binding them up and making them unavailable to your plants. How to activate biochar Fortunately, it is relatively easy to activate biochar. One of the most effective ways is to mix it with compost, add enough water for it to be moist, and let it stand for 7 to 21 days prior to applying it to your soil. You can then incorporate the mix directly into your garden. Other methods of activating biochar include mixing it with manure, compost tea, or even liquid fertilizer. Most commercially available sources of biochar are already activated. It is worth confirming this with the manufacturer prior to purchase. Biochar has been tilled into this soil to increase crop yields. Photo: GIZ Bush Control and Biomass Utilisation Project, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons How to add biochar to your soil There are multiple recommended methods for incorporating biochar into soil or potting mixes, including topdressing, adding it to the planting hole, and adding it to the soil before tillage. Spring applications are usually recommended, but fall is fine, assuming you plant a cover crop or take other precautions to reduce erosion or nutrient runoff. How much biochar you should add to your soil The recommended volume of biochar to add as an amendment is significant, with recommended rates ranging from 5% to 20% by volume. So it is most feasible to use biochar in container plantings, to get trees off to a good start, in small-scale gardens, and in landscaping. It is an amendment that generally is not applied repeatedly but valued more for its long-term effects, making it a great option for perennial systems including vineyards and orchards. Which soils benefit the most from biochar, and which do not? Biochar is not equally beneficial for all soils or all cropping systems. It is best used on lower quality soils, soils with compaction and drainage issues, sandy soils, and those with a low pH (acidic). It has been used in place of lime to correct soil acidity. In contrast, soils naturally high in organic matter, those with a high pH or CEC, and clay soils will likely show far less improvement from biochar. Due to the cost of biochar as an amendment, it is not feasible for most large-scale farming operations, but it is worth trying for home gardens and container plantings, and for getting perennials off to a good start. Biochar is not a replacement for other sources of carbon, but when used alongside more traditional soil amendments like regular applications of compost, it can be a useful and sustainable addition to a garden soil management plan.   To discuss this article or ask other gardening questions, head over to the Gardening Answers forum. For more Southeast regional reports, click here. Kirsten Kurtz received her master of science degree from Cornell University and is now the assistant director of the Cornell Soil Health Laboratory. Fine Gardening Recommended Products Corona E-Grip Trowel Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. Handle Material: Aluminum. Handle Length: 14-1/2 in. Overall Length: 14.5 in. Head Material: Aluminum. Handle Color: Red. A.M. Leonard Deluxe Soil Knife & Leather Sheath Combo Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. MULTITASKING DUAL EDGES: a deep serrated edge and a tapered slicing edge ideal for tough or delicate cuts. DURABLE 6-inch stainless steel blade withstands 300 lbs of pressure. TWINE CUTTING NOTCH, DEPTH GAUGE MARKINGS & spear point - no need to switch tools when using this garden knife. LEATHER SHEATH: heavy duty, protective, clip on sheath to keep your knife convenient and secure. LIFETIME WARRANTY. Gardena 3103 Combisystem 12-Inch To 20-Inch Adjustable Metal Fan Rake Head Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. With adjustable tine spacing: suitable for raking coarse and fine material. Flexible, zinc-plated spring-steel prongs. Working width adjustable from 12-20 inches. Sold as head only, handle sold separately. Source link

[angusstory]

While biochar is by no means new, it is relatively new to the world of horticulture as a mainstream soil amendment. But what is it exactly? Biochar is a substance that is created by burning organic material in an oxygen-deprived environment. This results in a highly stable form of carbon. Scientists call it “recalcitrant carbon” because it can remain in soil for decades, perhaps even millennia. The long history of biochar as a soil amendment Biochar has been used by indigenous peoples in the Amazon basin for at least 2,000 years. Sites that have historically been treated this way contain highly fertile soils called terra preta that have elevated levels of carbon, thanks to the stable biochar in the soils. Amazonian farmers developed these terra preta soils by incorporating charcoal with pottery shards and organic matter, and these soils remain fertile to this day. The value of biochar for modern agriculture was first recognized by the Dutch soil scientist Wim Sombroek in the 1950s. He observed highly fertile soils in the Amazon near less productive acidic soils and began a lifetime of studies dedicated to understanding the cause of increased fertility in terra preta soils. This technician is adding poultry waste to a pyrolysis reactor to make biochar. Photo: Stephen Ausmus, USDA How biochar is made and where to buy it Modern biochar is created by burning organic materials at 350°C (662°F) to 700°C (1292°F) in a low-oxygen environment. This can be done in a highly technical way using a pyrolysis reactor, or by a home gardener who has constructed a biochar kiln. Another method is to stack organic materials ranging in size from 1 to 10 inches thick and then set them on fire starting from the top. This creates a low-oxygen environment, which slowly transforms the organic materials into biochar over the course of hours depending on the size of the piles. It is critical to quench the coals with water or rake them out before they turn to ash. One example of this method can be found in forest management. Forest undergrowth cleared to reduce forest fire risk is a promising organic material source for biochar, which can then be reapplied to marginal forest soils. While this is how biochar is made, it is readily available at many garden centers, nurseries, and agricultural supply stores for purchase in different quantities. What does biochar actually do to soil? When applied to soils, biochar can provide many soil health benefits. These include: improving water availability and drainage providing habitat for soil microbes increasing nutrient availability in the soil increasing the soil’s ability to retain certain nutrients, otherwise known as its cation exchange capacity, or CEC sequestering carbon It also has potential for remediating polluted soils because it can bind heavy metals from interacting with plants and soil organisms. Materials that can be used to make biochar Organic source materials for biochar production range from vineyard cuttings (i.e., vines removed during the pruning process), manure, food waste, and crop residues. The material used to create biochar greatly influences its properties, most notably the nutrient content of the source material. Manure, for example, produces biochar with higher phosphorus than that created using wood chips. If you are planning to try biochar in your garden, it is important to “charge” or “activate” the biochar prior to use. Uncharged or inactivated biochar absorbs nutrients, potentially binding them up and making them unavailable to your plants. How to activate biochar Fortunately, it is relatively easy to activate biochar. One of the most effective ways is to mix it with compost, add enough water for it to be moist, and let it stand for 7 to 21 days prior to applying it to your soil. You can then incorporate the mix directly into your garden. Other methods of activating biochar include mixing it with manure, compost tea, or even liquid fertilizer. Most commercially available sources of biochar are already activated. It is worth confirming this with the manufacturer prior to purchase. Biochar has been tilled into this soil to increase crop yields. Photo: GIZ Bush Control and Biomass Utilisation Project, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons How to add biochar to your soil There are multiple recommended methods for incorporating biochar into soil or potting mixes, including topdressing, adding it to the planting hole, and adding it to the soil before tillage. Spring applications are usually recommended, but fall is fine, assuming you plant a cover crop or take other precautions to reduce erosion or nutrient runoff. How much biochar you should add to your soil The recommended volume of biochar to add as an amendment is significant, with recommended rates ranging from 5% to 20% by volume. So it is most feasible to use biochar in container plantings, to get trees off to a good start, in small-scale gardens, and in landscaping. It is an amendment that generally is not applied repeatedly but valued more for its long-term effects, making it a great option for perennial systems including vineyards and orchards. Which soils benefit the most from biochar, and which do not? Biochar is not equally beneficial for all soils or all cropping systems. It is best used on lower quality soils, soils with compaction and drainage issues, sandy soils, and those with a low pH (acidic). It has been used in place of lime to correct soil acidity. In contrast, soils naturally high in organic matter, those with a high pH or CEC, and clay soils will likely show far less improvement from biochar. Due to the cost of biochar as an amendment, it is not feasible for most large-scale farming operations, but it is worth trying for home gardens and container plantings, and for getting perennials off to a good start. Biochar is not a replacement for other sources of carbon, but when used alongside more traditional soil amendments like regular applications of compost, it can be a useful and sustainable addition to a garden soil management plan.   To discuss this article or ask other gardening questions, head over to the Gardening Answers forum. For more Southeast regional reports, click here. Kirsten Kurtz received her master of science degree from Cornell University and is now the assistant director of the Cornell Soil Health Laboratory. Fine Gardening Recommended Products Corona E-Grip Trowel Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. Handle Material: Aluminum. Handle Length: 14-1/2 in. Overall Length: 14.5 in. Head Material: Aluminum. Handle Color: Red. A.M. Leonard Deluxe Soil Knife & Leather Sheath Combo Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. MULTITASKING DUAL EDGES: a deep serrated edge and a tapered slicing edge ideal for tough or delicate cuts. DURABLE 6-inch stainless steel blade withstands 300 lbs of pressure. TWINE CUTTING NOTCH, DEPTH GAUGE MARKINGS & spear point - no need to switch tools when using this garden knife. LEATHER SHEATH: heavy duty, protective, clip on sheath to keep your knife convenient and secure. LIFETIME WARRANTY. Gardena 3103 Combisystem 12-Inch To 20-Inch Adjustable Metal Fan Rake Head Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. With adjustable tine spacing: suitable for raking coarse and fine material. Flexible, zinc-plated spring-steel prongs. Working width adjustable from 12-20 inches. Sold as head only, handle sold separately. Source link

[tumibaba]

While biochar is by no means new, it is relatively new to the world of horticulture as a mainstream soil amendment. But what is it exactly? Biochar is a substance that is created by burning organic material in an oxygen-deprived environment. This results in a highly stable form of carbon. Scientists call it “recalcitrant carbon” because it can remain in soil for decades, perhaps even millennia. The long history of biochar as a soil amendment Biochar has been used by indigenous peoples in the Amazon basin for at least 2,000 years. Sites that have historically been treated this way contain highly fertile soils called terra preta that have elevated levels of carbon, thanks to the stable biochar in the soils. Amazonian farmers developed these terra preta soils by incorporating charcoal with pottery shards and organic matter, and these soils remain fertile to this day. The value of biochar for modern agriculture was first recognized by the Dutch soil scientist Wim Sombroek in the 1950s. He observed highly fertile soils in the Amazon near less productive acidic soils and began a lifetime of studies dedicated to understanding the cause of increased fertility in terra preta soils. This technician is adding poultry waste to a pyrolysis reactor to make biochar. Photo: Stephen Ausmus, USDA How biochar is made and where to buy it Modern biochar is created by burning organic materials at 350°C (662°F) to 700°C (1292°F) in a low-oxygen environment. This can be done in a highly technical way using a pyrolysis reactor, or by a home gardener who has constructed a biochar kiln. Another method is to stack organic materials ranging in size from 1 to 10 inches thick and then set them on fire starting from the top. This creates a low-oxygen environment, which slowly transforms the organic materials into biochar over the course of hours depending on the size of the piles. It is critical to quench the coals with water or rake them out before they turn to ash. One example of this method can be found in forest management. Forest undergrowth cleared to reduce forest fire risk is a promising organic material source for biochar, which can then be reapplied to marginal forest soils. While this is how biochar is made, it is readily available at many garden centers, nurseries, and agricultural supply stores for purchase in different quantities. What does biochar actually do to soil? When applied to soils, biochar can provide many soil health benefits. These include: improving water availability and drainage providing habitat for soil microbes increasing nutrient availability in the soil increasing the soil’s ability to retain certain nutrients, otherwise known as its cation exchange capacity, or CEC sequestering carbon It also has potential for remediating polluted soils because it can bind heavy metals from interacting with plants and soil organisms. Materials that can be used to make biochar Organic source materials for biochar production range from vineyard cuttings (i.e., vines removed during the pruning process), manure, food waste, and crop residues. The material used to create biochar greatly influences its properties, most notably the nutrient content of the source material. Manure, for example, produces biochar with higher phosphorus than that created using wood chips. If you are planning to try biochar in your garden, it is important to “charge” or “activate” the biochar prior to use. Uncharged or inactivated biochar absorbs nutrients, potentially binding them up and making them unavailable to your plants. How to activate biochar Fortunately, it is relatively easy to activate biochar. One of the most effective ways is to mix it with compost, add enough water for it to be moist, and let it stand for 7 to 21 days prior to applying it to your soil. You can then incorporate the mix directly into your garden. Other methods of activating biochar include mixing it with manure, compost tea, or even liquid fertilizer. Most commercially available sources of biochar are already activated. It is worth confirming this with the manufacturer prior to purchase. Biochar has been tilled into this soil to increase crop yields. Photo: GIZ Bush Control and Biomass Utilisation Project, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons How to add biochar to your soil There are multiple recommended methods for incorporating biochar into soil or potting mixes, including topdressing, adding it to the planting hole, and adding it to the soil before tillage. Spring applications are usually recommended, but fall is fine, assuming you plant a cover crop or take other precautions to reduce erosion or nutrient runoff. How much biochar you should add to your soil The recommended volume of biochar to add as an amendment is significant, with recommended rates ranging from 5% to 20% by volume. So it is most feasible to use biochar in container plantings, to get trees off to a good start, in small-scale gardens, and in landscaping. It is an amendment that generally is not applied repeatedly but valued more for its long-term effects, making it a great option for perennial systems including vineyards and orchards. Which soils benefit the most from biochar, and which do not? Biochar is not equally beneficial for all soils or all cropping systems. It is best used on lower quality soils, soils with compaction and drainage issues, sandy soils, and those with a low pH (acidic). It has been used in place of lime to correct soil acidity. In contrast, soils naturally high in organic matter, those with a high pH or CEC, and clay soils will likely show far less improvement from biochar. Due to the cost of biochar as an amendment, it is not feasible for most large-scale farming operations, but it is worth trying for home gardens and container plantings, and for getting perennials off to a good start. Biochar is not a replacement for other sources of carbon, but when used alongside more traditional soil amendments like regular applications of compost, it can be a useful and sustainable addition to a garden soil management plan.   To discuss this article or ask other gardening questions, head over to the Gardening Answers forum. For more Southeast regional reports, click here. Kirsten Kurtz received her master of science degree from Cornell University and is now the assistant director of the Cornell Soil Health Laboratory. Fine Gardening Recommended Products Corona E-Grip Trowel Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. Handle Material: Aluminum. Handle Length: 14-1/2 in. Overall Length: 14.5 in. Head Material: Aluminum. Handle Color: Red. A.M. Leonard Deluxe Soil Knife & Leather Sheath Combo Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. MULTITASKING DUAL EDGES: a deep serrated edge and a tapered slicing edge ideal for tough or delicate cuts. DURABLE 6-inch stainless steel blade withstands 300 lbs of pressure. TWINE CUTTING NOTCH, DEPTH GAUGE MARKINGS & spear point - no need to switch tools when using this garden knife. LEATHER SHEATH: heavy duty, protective, clip on sheath to keep your knife convenient and secure. LIFETIME WARRANTY. Gardena 3103 Combisystem 12-Inch To 20-Inch Adjustable Metal Fan Rake Head Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. With adjustable tine spacing: suitable for raking coarse and fine material. Flexible, zinc-plated spring-steel prongs. Working width adjustable from 12-20 inches. Sold as head only, handle sold separately. Source link

[romaleen]

While biochar is by no means new, it is relatively new to the world of horticulture as a mainstream soil amendment. But what is it exactly? Biochar is a substance that is created by burning organic material in an oxygen-deprived environment. This results in a highly stable form of carbon. Scientists call it “recalcitrant carbon” because it can remain in soil for decades, perhaps even millennia. The long history of biochar as a soil amendment Biochar has been used by indigenous peoples in the Amazon basin for at least 2,000 years. Sites that have historically been treated this way contain highly fertile soils called terra preta that have elevated levels of carbon, thanks to the stable biochar in the soils. Amazonian farmers developed these terra preta soils by incorporating charcoal with pottery shards and organic matter, and these soils remain fertile to this day. The value of biochar for modern agriculture was first recognized by the Dutch soil scientist Wim Sombroek in the 1950s. He observed highly fertile soils in the Amazon near less productive acidic soils and began a lifetime of studies dedicated to understanding the cause of increased fertility in terra preta soils. This technician is adding poultry waste to a pyrolysis reactor to make biochar. Photo: Stephen Ausmus, USDA How biochar is made and where to buy it Modern biochar is created by burning organic materials at 350°C (662°F) to 700°C (1292°F) in a low-oxygen environment. This can be done in a highly technical way using a pyrolysis reactor, or by a home gardener who has constructed a biochar kiln. Another method is to stack organic materials ranging in size from 1 to 10 inches thick and then set them on fire starting from the top. This creates a low-oxygen environment, which slowly transforms the organic materials into biochar over the course of hours depending on the size of the piles. It is critical to quench the coals with water or rake them out before they turn to ash. One example of this method can be found in forest management. Forest undergrowth cleared to reduce forest fire risk is a promising organic material source for biochar, which can then be reapplied to marginal forest soils. While this is how biochar is made, it is readily available at many garden centers, nurseries, and agricultural supply stores for purchase in different quantities. What does biochar actually do to soil? When applied to soils, biochar can provide many soil health benefits. These include: improving water availability and drainage providing habitat for soil microbes increasing nutrient availability in the soil increasing the soil’s ability to retain certain nutrients, otherwise known as its cation exchange capacity, or CEC sequestering carbon It also has potential for remediating polluted soils because it can bind heavy metals from interacting with plants and soil organisms. Materials that can be used to make biochar Organic source materials for biochar production range from vineyard cuttings (i.e., vines removed during the pruning process), manure, food waste, and crop residues. The material used to create biochar greatly influences its properties, most notably the nutrient content of the source material. Manure, for example, produces biochar with higher phosphorus than that created using wood chips. If you are planning to try biochar in your garden, it is important to “charge” or “activate” the biochar prior to use. Uncharged or inactivated biochar absorbs nutrients, potentially binding them up and making them unavailable to your plants. How to activate biochar Fortunately, it is relatively easy to activate biochar. One of the most effective ways is to mix it with compost, add enough water for it to be moist, and let it stand for 7 to 21 days prior to applying it to your soil. You can then incorporate the mix directly into your garden. Other methods of activating biochar include mixing it with manure, compost tea, or even liquid fertilizer. Most commercially available sources of biochar are already activated. It is worth confirming this with the manufacturer prior to purchase. Biochar has been tilled into this soil to increase crop yields. Photo: GIZ Bush Control and Biomass Utilisation Project, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons How to add biochar to your soil There are multiple recommended methods for incorporating biochar into soil or potting mixes, including topdressing, adding it to the planting hole, and adding it to the soil before tillage. Spring applications are usually recommended, but fall is fine, assuming you plant a cover crop or take other precautions to reduce erosion or nutrient runoff. How much biochar you should add to your soil The recommended volume of biochar to add as an amendment is significant, with recommended rates ranging from 5% to 20% by volume. So it is most feasible to use biochar in container plantings, to get trees off to a good start, in small-scale gardens, and in landscaping. It is an amendment that generally is not applied repeatedly but valued more for its long-term effects, making it a great option for perennial systems including vineyards and orchards. Which soils benefit the most from biochar, and which do not? Biochar is not equally beneficial for all soils or all cropping systems. It is best used on lower quality soils, soils with compaction and drainage issues, sandy soils, and those with a low pH (acidic). It has been used in place of lime to correct soil acidity. In contrast, soils naturally high in organic matter, those with a high pH or CEC, and clay soils will likely show far less improvement from biochar. Due to the cost of biochar as an amendment, it is not feasible for most large-scale farming operations, but it is worth trying for home gardens and container plantings, and for getting perennials off to a good start. Biochar is not a replacement for other sources of carbon, but when used alongside more traditional soil amendments like regular applications of compost, it can be a useful and sustainable addition to a garden soil management plan.   To discuss this article or ask other gardening questions, head over to the Gardening Answers forum. For more Southeast regional reports, click here. Kirsten Kurtz received her master of science degree from Cornell University and is now the assistant director of the Cornell Soil Health Laboratory. Fine Gardening Recommended Products Corona E-Grip Trowel Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. Handle Material: Aluminum. Handle Length: 14-1/2 in. Overall Length: 14.5 in. Head Material: Aluminum. Handle Color: Red. A.M. Leonard Deluxe Soil Knife & Leather Sheath Combo Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. MULTITASKING DUAL EDGES: a deep serrated edge and a tapered slicing edge ideal for tough or delicate cuts. DURABLE 6-inch stainless steel blade withstands 300 lbs of pressure. TWINE CUTTING NOTCH, DEPTH GAUGE MARKINGS & spear point - no need to switch tools when using this garden knife. LEATHER SHEATH: heavy duty, protective, clip on sheath to keep your knife convenient and secure. LIFETIME WARRANTY. Gardena 3103 Combisystem 12-Inch To 20-Inch Adjustable Metal Fan Rake Head Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. With adjustable tine spacing: suitable for raking coarse and fine material. Flexible, zinc-plated spring-steel prongs. Working width adjustable from 12-20 inches. Sold as head only, handle sold separately. Source link

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While biochar is by no means new, it is relatively new to the world of horticulture as a mainstream soil amendment. But what is it exactly? Biochar is a substance that is created by burning organic material in an oxygen-deprived environment. This results in a highly stable form of carbon. Scientists call it “recalcitrant carbon” because it can remain in soil for decades, perhaps even millennia. The long history of biochar as a soil amendment Biochar has been used by indigenous peoples in the Amazon basin for at least 2,000 years. Sites that have historically been treated this way contain highly fertile soils called terra preta that have elevated levels of carbon, thanks to the stable biochar in the soils. Amazonian farmers developed these terra preta soils by incorporating charcoal with pottery shards and organic matter, and these soils remain fertile to this day. The value of biochar for modern agriculture was first recognized by the Dutch soil scientist Wim Sombroek in the 1950s. He observed highly fertile soils in the Amazon near less productive acidic soils and began a lifetime of studies dedicated to understanding the cause of increased fertility in terra preta soils. This technician is adding poultry waste to a pyrolysis reactor to make biochar. Photo: Stephen Ausmus, USDA How biochar is made and where to buy it Modern biochar is created by burning organic materials at 350°C (662°F) to 700°C (1292°F) in a low-oxygen environment. This can be done in a highly technical way using a pyrolysis reactor, or by a home gardener who has constructed a biochar kiln. Another method is to stack organic materials ranging in size from 1 to 10 inches thick and then set them on fire starting from the top. This creates a low-oxygen environment, which slowly transforms the organic materials into biochar over the course of hours depending on the size of the piles. It is critical to quench the coals with water or rake them out before they turn to ash. One example of this method can be found in forest management. Forest undergrowth cleared to reduce forest fire risk is a promising organic material source for biochar, which can then be reapplied to marginal forest soils. While this is how biochar is made, it is readily available at many garden centers, nurseries, and agricultural supply stores for purchase in different quantities. What does biochar actually do to soil? When applied to soils, biochar can provide many soil health benefits. These include: improving water availability and drainage providing habitat for soil microbes increasing nutrient availability in the soil increasing the soil’s ability to retain certain nutrients, otherwise known as its cation exchange capacity, or CEC sequestering carbon It also has potential for remediating polluted soils because it can bind heavy metals from interacting with plants and soil organisms. Materials that can be used to make biochar Organic source materials for biochar production range from vineyard cuttings (i.e., vines removed during the pruning process), manure, food waste, and crop residues. The material used to create biochar greatly influences its properties, most notably the nutrient content of the source material. Manure, for example, produces biochar with higher phosphorus than that created using wood chips. If you are planning to try biochar in your garden, it is important to “charge” or “activate” the biochar prior to use. Uncharged or inactivated biochar absorbs nutrients, potentially binding them up and making them unavailable to your plants. How to activate biochar Fortunately, it is relatively easy to activate biochar. One of the most effective ways is to mix it with compost, add enough water for it to be moist, and let it stand for 7 to 21 days prior to applying it to your soil. You can then incorporate the mix directly into your garden. Other methods of activating biochar include mixing it with manure, compost tea, or even liquid fertilizer. Most commercially available sources of biochar are already activated. It is worth confirming this with the manufacturer prior to purchase. Biochar has been tilled into this soil to increase crop yields. Photo: GIZ Bush Control and Biomass Utilisation Project, CC BY-SA 4.0, via Wikimedia Commons How to add biochar to your soil There are multiple recommended methods for incorporating biochar into soil or potting mixes, including topdressing, adding it to the planting hole, and adding it to the soil before tillage. Spring applications are usually recommended, but fall is fine, assuming you plant a cover crop or take other precautions to reduce erosion or nutrient runoff. How much biochar you should add to your soil The recommended volume of biochar to add as an amendment is significant, with recommended rates ranging from 5% to 20% by volume. So it is most feasible to use biochar in container plantings, to get trees off to a good start, in small-scale gardens, and in landscaping. It is an amendment that generally is not applied repeatedly but valued more for its long-term effects, making it a great option for perennial systems including vineyards and orchards. Which soils benefit the most from biochar, and which do not? Biochar is not equally beneficial for all soils or all cropping systems. It is best used on lower quality soils, soils with compaction and drainage issues, sandy soils, and those with a low pH (acidic). It has been used in place of lime to correct soil acidity. In contrast, soils naturally high in organic matter, those with a high pH or CEC, and clay soils will likely show far less improvement from biochar. Due to the cost of biochar as an amendment, it is not feasible for most large-scale farming operations, but it is worth trying for home gardens and container plantings, and for getting perennials off to a good start. Biochar is not a replacement for other sources of carbon, but when used alongside more traditional soil amendments like regular applications of compost, it can be a useful and sustainable addition to a garden soil management plan.   To discuss this article or ask other gardening questions, head over to the Gardening Answers forum. For more Southeast regional reports, click here. Kirsten Kurtz received her master of science degree from Cornell University and is now the assistant director of the Cornell Soil Health Laboratory. Fine Gardening Recommended Products Corona E-Grip Trowel Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. Handle Material: Aluminum. Handle Length: 14-1/2 in. Overall Length: 14.5 in. Head Material: Aluminum. Handle Color: Red. A.M. Leonard Deluxe Soil Knife & Leather Sheath Combo Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. MULTITASKING DUAL EDGES: a deep serrated edge and a tapered slicing edge ideal for tough or delicate cuts. DURABLE 6-inch stainless steel blade withstands 300 lbs of pressure. TWINE CUTTING NOTCH, DEPTH GAUGE MARKINGS & spear point - no need to switch tools when using this garden knife. LEATHER SHEATH: heavy duty, protective, clip on sheath to keep your knife convenient and secure. LIFETIME WARRANTY. Gardena 3103 Combisystem 12-Inch To 20-Inch Adjustable Metal Fan Rake Head Fine Gardening receives a commission for items purchased through links on this site, including Amazon Associates and other affiliate advertising programs. With adjustable tine spacing: suitable for raking coarse and fine material. Flexible, zinc-plated spring-steel prongs. Working width adjustable from 12-20 inches. Sold as head only, handle sold separately. Source link