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katytheinspiredworkaholic · 4 years ago

Text

Correspondence, Chapter 01

Pairing: HotchReid

Summary: An AU where Reid never joined the FBI, but got roped into consulting for the LA field office while working and teaching at Caltech. Hotch gets his email referred from a fellow agent, and they start to work on cases together -- until they start talking on a regular basis. Regular becomes frequent, frequent becomes constant. They know nothing about each other, but they don't really mind.

Rating: Mature/Explicit (eventually)

Chapter CW/notes: some profanity, a side character who is a dick about Reid, set in season 06, self beta’d

Word Count: 2437

Masterpost Link

Ao3 Link

Chapter 01

March 2010

Dr. Spencer Reid

(Current Tenure: California Institute of Technology): Fred Kavli Professor of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics; Director, Walter Burke Institute for Theoretical Physics, Department Head of Mathematics, Physics, and Astronomy at Caltech.

- (Degrees, in order) Ph.D. Mathematics, Caltech, 1995; Ph.D. Chemistry, Caltech, 1997; M.A. Nuclear Science, MIT, 1999; Ph.D. Engineering, MIT, 2000; M.A. Sociology, Columbia University, 2001; M.A. Philosophy, Georgetown, 2001; Ph.D. Psychology, Georgetown, 2002; M.A. Applied Analytics, Columbia University, 2003; M.A. Socio Economic Statistics, MIT, 2004; M.A. Geology, Caltech, 2006; Ph.D. Geography, Caltech, 2006; M.A. Economics, Caltech, 2008; M.A. Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Caltech, 2009

- (Teaching positions, in order) Professor of Mathematics, Caltech, 1995-1997, Professor of Mathematics and Statistical Analysis, MIT, 1998-2005, Visiting Associate, Georgetown, 1999-2002; Professor of Chemical Engineering, MIT, 2002-05; Kavli Professor, Mathematics, Caltech, 2005-; Professor of Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, 2006-; Deputy Chair, 2005-; Director, 2008-.

“Jesus.”

The dossier is just an information sheet; no photo ID, no news articles beyond text component pieces, but it is a thick stack of correspondence and case consultations that S.S.A Aaron Hotchner holds in his hands.

“Five Ph.D.’s and eight separate M.A.’s in fourteen years? What was he doing before that?”

“Who knows? You don’t earn a Ph.D. overnight, even if his accommodation sheet makes ‘em look like they pop up like mushrooms,” Mark Anderson says, audibly tired through the phone speaker on his desk. He was one of the Unit Chief's from the teams at the FBI L.A. field office, who’s phone number was given to him by an old friend, Sam Cooper -- another BAU team leader. Hotch had hit dead end after dead end on this case, and sitting at his desk in Quantico, Virginia, he looks down at the recommended consultant’s extensive list of degrees and teaching positions with a building headache behind his dark eyes. He wasn’t a fan of Anderson, or his briskness, but at this point he’d take anything he could get. “I’m pretty sure that man has never lived outside an academic field. He’s a handful, runs my agents up the damn wall, but he knows his stuff.”

“I hope so. I’ve been on the phone the past three days trying to find someone with a background in Obscure Cognitive Linguistics,” Hotch reads from a separate file, filled with violent images and depraved acts described in morbid detail. “Our unsub sites a very particular thesis about a Study of Language from a Cognitive and Developmental Law, and I keep getting sent to experts in adjacent fields. I don’t see anything in this Dr. Reid’s background about language.”

“Oh, trust me, Hotch -- you’ll get more than you bargained for. This is your guy. He’s basically an expert on everything, and if he doesn’t know anything about languages I’ll eat my tie. He never shuts up.”

Frowning at the speaker phone, Hotch keeps his comments to himself. He’s sure that Anderson probably doesn’t appreciate having an old professor puttering around the field office, but that didn’t mean he had to insult the man. Especially when he was there as a consultant.

“Okay, fine. Thank you. I’ll give him a call now-”

“Oh, you don’t want to do that. Just send him an email. Trust me.” Anderson all but groans like a petulant child. Graining on Hotch’s nerves excruciatingly.

“I’m sure he’s busy enough with his students, he doesn’t need to be fielding emails from the FBI,” Hotch hedged, still frowning.

“Not too busy to write you a dissertation in reply, I’m sure, but you’ll at least get the answers you need. You could be on the phone with him a half hour before you get to what you called about. Hopefully it won’t take you too long to sift through.”

Alright, now he is done listening to the other agent.

“Right. Thanks, Mark.”

“Anyti-” Hotch hangs up on him before the man could make any other remarks. His patience is non-existent after the past week and this extremely brutal case that only seems to compound exponentially in it’s viciousness with each passing day. If Anderson felt like being an asshole to some old man with nothing better to do than rack up Ph.D.’s, he could do it on his own time. Hotch needed help, and this man seemed to be the only person around who might be able to finally do so.

Dr. Reid’s office number is in front of him, as well as about three different lab location phone numbers, and one email address connected to the school faculty. He considers for a moment just ignoring Anderson’s advice and calling the old professor, but he has a meeting with his Department Chief, Strauss, in twenty minutes and the team would be arriving from canvasing the dumpsites soon.

So with a suffering sigh, Hotch pulls up a new email (for what feels like the millionth time for this case) and composes a standard correspondence introduction. Who he is, credentials, case numbers and specifics as far as clearance rates for civilians go, and then finally the questions he needs answered. There is something about this particular thesis that has to be very tongue in cheek to the unsub, saying something that isn’t really there, and this could just be another dead end -- but if it led to them saving a victim from becoming another dead body, he is willing to give it one last try.

Thank you for your time, S.S.A. Aaron Hotchner Unit Chief, Behavioral Analysis Unit, FBI Quantico, VA.

Then he hits send, and leaves the response up to the universe.

The team came up with nothing fruitful. Strauss proceeded to ream Hotch six ways from Sunday for wasting valuable bureau resources and coming up with zero results. His day was spinning down the drain in a hellish cyclone when he sits down behind his desk in his office an hour after leaving it. Case files still piled to one side, grotesque photos stacked within them, and Aaron Hotchner wants nothing more than for them to disappear. For the case to be solved and to be able to go home to his son and his quiet house. But there was no break in sight, no new information, nothing.

Except a new email in his inbox.

Agent Hotchner,

I know that thesis paper well. I can help you.

All air seems to have been sucked from the room as Hotch reads the words a couple of times, not quite comprehending after the morning he has had that someone wasn’t giving him more bad news. That this Dr. Reid said he could help him.

A single click of the email opens up the correspondence reply, and the agent is met with a giant wall of text. Scrolling down for pages, and a quick skim of the material shows such a complex, comprehensive amount of information that there is no way it’s just copy and pasted from any one source. Or even several. It’s a long email spanning a vast number of pages, covering every topic he had asked about (and then some).

The thesis paper, the tongue-in-cheek citation from the unsub, how this killer is acting like he’s being clever when it’s really ‘very obvious what he’s doing, as long as you know the paper’ and detailed links and quotations and references to locations and side tangents on items mentioned that could be evidence to look for or weapons of choice, and so much else Hotch’s head feels like it’s spinning. Like reading the cliffnotes of a complex spy novel, with all the spoilers in one place.

It takes him half an hour to read through everything Dr. Reid sent, meaning the professor had to have been typing a million words a minute from the moment Hotch had emailed him to get everything replied so quickly, and Hotch was baffled to realize that an old man with a handful of Ph.D.’s and no FBI training just solved his case.

Not a figment of speech.

Dr. Reid just solved the case, without even holding the file in his hands.

Hotch is dialing a phone number on his speed dial without even looking away from the screen.

“Garcia? Call the team into the briefing room, and phone SWAT to mobilize. We’re going down to the riverfront in thirty minutes.”

“--Wait, what are you talking about? Did you figure out the unsub’s code?”

Not me, Aaron thought to himself, standing up and printing Dr. Reid’s email after forwarding it to the entire team and their tech analyst, Penelope Garcia. He didn’t have time to explain it that many times, and the amount of information in that single email would be enough to send any of them tumbling heels over head. But it solved every aspect of their case. Hook, line, and sinker.

And the clock was ticking.

“Now, Garcia.”

He rushes from the room with the stack of files in his hands and his laptop open to Dr. Reid’s email. Not even thinking to thank the man for his help as he heads across the bullpen with profound determination.

They have work to do.

They catch the unsub that very day.

Quick, efficient, completely by surprise. They saved Amanda Sutton and another girl they hadn’t even known was missing. No one died. None of his team was hurt. The unsub hadn’t confessed, but Rossi and Morgan had played him like a fiddle in interrogation and now all of his team members were walking to the elevators leaving for a long weekend where they wouldn’t have to worry about serial killers or another dead soul on their conscience. Today was a win. As close to a win as they ever can get, in their line of work.

And it isn’t until he’s back at his desk, the hours ticking into the night, that he opens up his email and there in his inbox is the very reply that started everything. Dr. Spencer Reid. CalTech Department Head. Professor of everything under the sun. Expert on anything, even the obscure.

The reason Hotch will get to spend the weekend with his son, without the overbearing aftershocks of a case gone so horribly bad plaguing him.

His hands are moving before he can stop them. Opening up the email, typing out a response to Dr. Reid thanking him for his help. Relaying what happened, detail by detail much in the same fashion he had completed the paperwork piled on his desk. Letting him know that his information really did end up helping them. All of it. Even the side tangents.

I don’t know how I can ever thank you for the extensive consideration you gave this case, or how to explain how it solved it so seamlessly, but your time and effort does not go unnoticed by me.

Okay, so maybe he fluffs it up a bit more than the dreadful bullet-point list descriptions required by the Deputy Chief and the Director and SWAT Team justification reports. Just so it doesn’t look so inadequate in comparison to the man’s thesis-paper-length email he sent to aide Hotch and his team. The passion he has for his work leaps off the page, but it was a lot -- and if the old man put that much dedication into a basic FBI correspondence email, then he was probably used to it being a thankless effort.

Hotch sends the reply, and continues with his work. He always takes a bulk of the paperwork, so his team can go home and rest and recharge. He needs them at their best for each case, and if that means he spends a couple hours longer after when they finish a case, it is worth every minute. But this time, once he finishes, he gets to take the coveted time off as well.

It’s as he’s finishing up, everything stacked neatly and ready to be dropped at records, in the mailroom, Strauss’s office, the director’s, and he’s about to log off his laptop that he sees a surprise -- Dr. Reid replied to him, again.

It’s much more brief this time.

Agent Hotchner,

I’m so glad I was able to help you.

You are one of the only agents to reach out and tell me how the case went after my consultation, and I’m very grateful to know that my information actually helped your team catch the killer. I know I tend to spout facts at random, but I do have methods to my madness and it’s such a nice change to correspond with someone who understands that.

My services are always at your disposal. Anytime. Whatever I can do to help.

Sincerely, Dr. Spencer Reid

Hotch types out a brief reply. Thanking him for his offer, for lending him his expertise, and letting him know in not so many words --

I’ll have to take you up on that.

He’d be a fool not to. Someone with that much knowledge and the ability to connect it all in the way Dr. Reid had in the span of an hour? He could be a real asset to the BAU, as a permanent consultant, even through email correspondence.

He sends the reply just as he stands to leave. Turning off his office light, and his chest feels lighter for the interaction. For giving the professor that sense of assurance that what he had to say did in fact do some real good. Hotch even finds himself smiling softly, sadly, that he has also found a little bit of solace in helping another lonely old man across the country find a sense of purpose that night. Who was working late, as well, despite it being the end of the week. Speaking to not much waiting for him back at home, in whatever shape ‘home’ takes for the man. But Hotch can relate to that, too. Jack is at Jessica’s until the morning, and there is nothing at his apartment to greet him but silence and bare walls and memories he’d rather not dote on. Maybe this Dr. Spencer Reid is in a similar boat, finding comfort in his work when he can. He certainly seems to, with the amount of time he’s poured into his doctorates and degrees. In the number of departments he runs and monitors.

Hotch can’t help but feel a connection, a companionship between empty offices. Thousands of miles apart, but maybe -- possibly -- at least similar in that aspect.

Not so alone, even if only for a brief moment.

(tbc...)

Tagged list: @spencehotchner @ssa-sarahsunshine @gothamapologist @reidology @marsjareau @dragon-snaps-fandom @emmyraebird @just-an-emo-rat @aaron-hotchner187 @dk18077 @more-heid-pls

#omg i forgot to do tags #Jesus so ive been so excited for this and here it finally is and i fuck it up .2 seconds in go me #this is a S L O W B U R N fic and we are starting all the way at the beginning and im so excited im kind of shaking #updates every saturday evening #message me if you want in on the tag list #also on ao3 #HotchReid #Heid #katyswriting

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marauderssequels · 5 years ago

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the petunia timeline

petunia evans is a character that I think had a lot of potential. I cannot at all commend the person she became as petunia dursley, and I wish so much that she had looked just a little harder in her heart to find space for harry. I can’t forgive her for the nearly two decades of abuse and neglect she inflicted on harry. still, like peter pettigrew and severus snape, she was a child once, before she grew into the horrible woman harry knew. so, who was petunia evans?

Part One: The Evans In Canon

the evans family is a difficult thing to find canon information on. the best we’ve dug up so far is a statement from an interview rowling made when answering if harry’s grandparents were killed. her exact words about the evans were, “...because I do like my backstory: Petunia and Lily’s parents, normal Muggle death.” now, kindly prepare for some english-major bullshit.

death. not deaths, plural. (yes, obviously this is a minute detail, but there’s really not much else to go on.) if the parents had suffered separate deaths, it should’ve been plural. keeping this noun singular suggests that one event took both parents out at once, leaving them both to experience one collective death.*

so, what collective death might they have suffered? well, considering that petunia wasn’t the most imaginative person, let’s remember that the explanation that she gave harry for his parents’ death was a car crash. that certainly fits our requirements for one event taking two people out at the same time, and it qualifies as a “normal Muggle death”. it’s not a far stretch to assume petunia took her answer for harry straight from the way her own parents died.

we know they were dead by the time lily and james died, due to petunia being lily’s only living relative for harry to go to. the conclusion we’ve drawn for petunia’s birth year (which we’ll explain in a later addition to this post) is 1957, three years before lily’s birth. going by british law, if lily’s parents had died before she was eighteen, she would’ve required a legal guardian until she was of age. (remember, 17 is only considered “of age” for wizards, something the muggle government wouldn’t be taking into consideration). since I cannot imagine rowling made the question of legal guardianship a part of lily’s narrative, we’ll set the parameters of her parents’ death for sometime after she had come of age in the eyes of muggle britain but before lily’s death.

lily would turn eighteen on january 30th, 1978, during her final year at hogwarts. her death occurred on october 31st, 1981. that leaves roughly three years for the accident to take place in.

this understanding is important to petunia’s story mainly because these parameters mean she would not be pulled into any sort of court situation regarding lily’s legal guardianship status. her story, according to pottermore, is that she left cokeworth behind forever, which suggests to us that she never once returned. obviously in the real world, this could’ve meant that she moved out permanently but still returned for visits. considering this is coming from rowling, a woman who tends to write in absolutes, it’s more likely to be the “never returning” option. this means that dealing with funeral arrangements, identifying bodies, and putting her parents’ affairs in order were not responsibilities she handled, since that would’ve entailed a return to the town she detested. instead, by the time lily turned eighteen, petunia was already married to vernon dursley and had decidedly left her life there behind. for all intents and purposes, she would’ve considered herself a dursley first and an evans not at all.

we’ll discuss this chapter of the sisters’ lives later; for now, it’s enough to have a rough idea for when petunia’s parents died. not much other information was ever provided about the parental evans, but here’s what we know:

initially, when the girls were younger, mrs. evans told lily she wasn’t allowed to use her magic. after the revelation that lily’s magic made her special, entitling her to attend a wizarding school and study to become a competent witch, both parents were thrilled. the magical world enchanted them both, and lily receives nothing but support from her parents after her acceptance to hogwarts.

young petunia could already identify class, drawing contrasts and divides between her family and the snapes. one of the first insults she punished severus with was a comment on his poor-quality clothing. she knew he came from an impoverished neighborhood and that hers was better, even if not by much. she used that information to immediately cast him in a negative light. she also had the social awareness to ensure no one was around to see lily’s magic, and to detect the insult in the word “muggle” without understanding what it meant. lily being nine years old, petunia would’ve been around twelve, so this social awareness and prideful classist view likely came from her home environment.

while the evans are hardly likely to have been as bad as the malfoys, this is evidence that petunia’s parents placed a great deal of importance on social status. lily only ever mentions her friends questioning her friendship with snape, not her family, so her parents weren’t so extreme to the point of outright forbidding her association with people of a lower status. it’s possible petunia’s younger years saw an economical shift downwards for her parents, leaving her with great pride and a snobbish attitude even once her circumstances turned less fortunate, while lily only ever remembers those circumstances.

moving forward to the next canon information we have concerning petunia, she left cokeworth for london, where she took a typing course. our assumption here is that she left after graduating secondary school, around the age of eighteen or so. once she had her diploma and was a legal adult, she would’ve moved out as soon as possible, to escape the life she hated and the family that favored lily and her magical gifts. assuming she and lily are three years apart, she would’ve left most likely the summer before lily’s fifth or sixth year at hogwarts.

from there, she found an office job, likely at grunnings, the drilling company where vernon was a junior executive, since they met at work. he proposed while lily was in her seventh year at hogwarts, so the engagement took place after lily left for school on september 1st, 1977. they were married by the end of the year and settled into a house together (as petunia tells harry in the first deathly hallows movie that she’s lived in that house for twenty years, during the summer of 1997). this is another part of her story that makes knowing the date of her parents’ death important; because we’ve determined they didn’t die until after january the following year, we know mr. and mrs. evans would have attended petunia’s wedding.

at some point before the wedding but after the proposal, petunia told vernon about lily’s magic. the couple met lily and james for dinner at a muggle restaurant, though the meeting didn’t end well. still, both were invited to the wedding, despite lily pointedly not being made a bridesmaid. afterwards, petunia appears to have sent a present for christmases, and likely birthdays as well, considering that she and vernon generally gave harry at least some type of horrible present for his birthdays. it’s probable lily returned the favor, sending christmas and birthday presents to petunia.

despite being invited, petunia and vernon didn’t attend lily’s wedding. around the autumn of 1979, both evans sisters became pregnant. petunia’s son dudley was born on june 23rd, 1980, just a month before harry’s birth on july 31st. harry’s birth announcement was the last communication petunia ever received from lily (besides the christmas presents they exchanged) before lily’s death the following year on october 31st, 1981. petunia wasn’t aware of her passing until november 2nd, when she discovered her sister’s son on her doorstep along with a letter from albus dumbledore explaining the circumstances of lily’s death and harry’s need for her as his guardian.

this is where the story picks up ten years later in the original series. this is also where our understanding of petunia’s life turns entirely from evidenced speculation and canon to headcanon and theory, unfortunately. in later additions to this post, we’ll explore our theories on petunia’s parents, as well as how her dynamic with lily changed through the years and how her character serves as a mirror to severus’s. already, we’ve made a lot of speculations based on british law, rowling’s writing, and petunia’s character, as well as lily’s, but this first part of her timeline will serve as the canon upon which we’ll be building the rest of her character. any ideas and suggestions for the evans family are more than welcome!

*obviously, this interpretation leans heavily on two large assumptions. firstly, we’re relying on the transcription of the interview having correctly recorded her words, as the link to the original video source is broken. secondly, this conclusion also requires trusting that rowling implements this basic rule of grammar into her everyday speech. any native speaker of english could probably tell you that in day-to-day language, we don’t tend to follow every single rule 100% of the time, as long as our basic meaning can be understood. considering our other deliberate deviations from her canon, however, I think it’s enough to acknowledge the reasoning behind our interpretation of her words and move on.

#petunia evans #petunia dursley #lily evans #vernon dursley #james potter #evans family #potter family #hp canon #hp meta #harry potter #hp fandom

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gemsofgreece · 5 years ago

Link

Ancient Greek, the language of the future

by Eugenia Manolidou, conductor.

“I read with interest Mr Dimos’s article that was published in the “Opinions” column on October 17th 2020. Please allow me some comments regarding it.”

[GEMSOFGREECE NOTE: I have read both articles and many things stated by Mr Dimos had me disagreeing or straight out displeased. Eugenia Manolidou responded with an article of her own, apparently motivated by similar feelings. I think her article is an enjoyable read and I agree on many levels while on others I can’t have an opinion due to lack of sufficient knowledge. I thought some of you would be interested in it, so I am translating the article in English. The article is informative for both Greek speakers and people interested in the Greek language and culture as well as the pronunciation of Ancient Greek. In the link, you can find the sources she used at the end of the text. I must now add that I did not necessarily expect to enjoy an article written by Mrs Manolidou (she’s well known in Greece and married to a politician) but that’s a personal impression that perhaps shouldn’t influence you. Going on with the article under the cut.]

I’ll begin with its title, “Can a dead language live again?”, which clearly refers to our language, Ancient Greek. I call it “ours” because even though we don’t comprehend it very well when reading ancient texts, we however use it in our everyday speech, even without realizing it.

For example, we might not know that the word αὐδή (avdí) means voice but we say very often “έμεινα άναυδος” (émina ánavdos = I was left speechless / voiceless). We might not know the phrase «ξύλου ἅπτεσθαι» (= knock on wood) but we always search for wood to knock when trying to avoid a bad omen.

Of course, I should not even start with the vocabulary in sciences, arts and literature because the list is endless. The Greek language is a living language that has survived not because we say so but because it remains in the international vocabulary by enriching most European languages.

Every year, students of the Classical Studies abroad rush to acquire books, teaching methods for Ancient Greek from Oxford, Cambridge and the rest acclaimed publishing companies. I will refer to the publications POLIS Institute Press of the Jerusalem Institute of Languages and Humanities with the title «Λαλεῖν τῇ κοινῇ διαλέκτῷ τῇ ζῶσῃ» (=Speaking the common living dialect). Meaning, the Common Greek, the living.

It is known that almost all schools in Europe kindle interest and enthusiasm in kids to learn the Classical Languages - and not “dead” so as to condemn them in advance - Latin and Greek. And yes in most countries they are taught with the Erasmian pronunciation because it helps them understand the dictation. Just for that. Not because they think it’s the correct pronunciation. Not anymore.

The Erasmian being an accurate description of how the ancients talked is an outdated thesis which many of the intellectuals and professors in Europe have now understood and explained. I will try to add some arguments in favor of this statement in short.

For those who don’t know, Desiderius Erasmus Roterdamus (1466 – 1536) was a Dutch monk who invented a method that would help those who learned Ancient Greek to write it down correctly. So, where someone would say “Χαίρε” (hére) and write it as «χέρε» (because that’s how it sounds), Erasmus explained that they should think of it as “háire” in order to write it correctly. But he never urged people to pronounce it like that.

Besides, in his book Colloquia Familiaria in the chapter “Echo”, he explains how to pronounce the diphthongs -onis, ονοις / -kopi, κόποι / -lici, λύκοι / -logi λόγοι/ and so on. Erasmus never said this is how Ancient Greeks talked, he just urged his students to memorize the correct dictation by ear. No European language is spoken exactly as it’s written.

We all think of such tricks to write words correctly. For instance, we think “extra-ordinary” but no fluent speaker of English pronounces it like that. Unfortunately, during the Renaissance in Europe, when the arts and literature were greatly inspired by the Greek mythology, history and philosophy, Greece under the centuries-long Turkish occupation couldn’t be a match for the rest of Europe. So when the French, German and Italian aristocrats spoke Ancient Greek to each other, we spoke a mix of Greek, Turkish and Italian, a blended language that we would hardly comprehend nowadays. And thankfully, our language survived thanks to the Church and the Scripts, which are written in Ancient Greek.

Therefore we did not know the way Ancient Greek was spoken in Europe. Here in Greece, we didn’t know. There were Greeks who didn’t live in Greece during the Ottoman rule though who knew. One of them was the priest Konstantinos Economou of Economon (1780-1857) who in his work «Περὶ τῆς Γνησίας Προφορᾶς τῆς Ἑλληνικῆς Γλώσσης» (=Regarding the Authentic Pronunciation of the Greek Language), Saint Petersburg 1829, explains why there’s no way the Ancient Greeks separated the diphthongs.

First of all, they were called “diphthongs” which means “two sounds in one”. If they don’t mean that, then why call them this way? Just like Andrea Marcolongo says in her book «La lingua geniale» , which translates to “the genius language” and not “the wonderful language”, with the subtitle «9 ragioni per amare il Greco», meaning, “9 reasons to love Greek” (Ancient Greek clearly, that’s what they always mean by “Greek” in Europe), there is no language more rich, precise and well-studied than Greek. Otherwise we wouldn’t have diphthongs, let alone a need for a diacritic mark( mark used to indicate a vowel forms its own syllable). We say «αρχαιολογία» and in English it’s archaeology, «παλαιοντολογία» and it’s «paleontology». But we say «αρχαϊκό» (note the diacritic) and in English it’s «archaic».

Let’s examine some more words: We say «ατμόσφαιρα» which in Latin is atmosfera. We say αίνιγμα, in latin it’s enigma. We say ενέργεια, in latin “energia” / αιθήρ, in Latin etere / Aίγυπτος, Egitto / μυστήριο, mistero / φαινόμενο, phenomenon / εγκυκλοπαίδεια, enciclopedia. The list is long and if we get ourselves into the scientific vocabulary (ginecologo, ematologo, pediatro), we will never end with this. In short, Latin, a “sister” language to Greek, saved through itself the pronunciation of Ancient Greek.

One more argument: the Greek words can be stressed exclusively in three syllables: the ultimate, the penultimate or the antepenultimate. If we separate the diphthongs, the punctuation gets out of hand. So instead of “hérete”, we would say “háirete” which is obviously wrong. With the separation of the diphthongs, the Dactylic Hexameter (the rhythmic scheme of Ancient Greek epic poetry) would collapse. Perhaps you’ve heard the attempts of the Europeans to recite the Iliad or the Odyssey.

Homer’s poetic epic has a completely different sound due to the loss of the Hexameter. Besides, just like Erasmus said and Economou quotes in his book: «Conducendus aliquis, natione Graecus, licet alioquin parvum eruditus, propter nativum illum ac patrium sonum, ut castigate graeca sonari dicantur.» Meaning, “Call someone, Greek in nation, even with little or no education, for that native sound, so that you learn the exact and natural pronunciation of Greek.”

What’s truly pitiful in this situation is not how foreigners learn to speak Ancient Greek. The true shame is that such a beautiful, rich and living language, our language, is more appreciated, loved and respected abroad than in Greece. I admire the people who try so hard to learn a language for which they don’t even know the alphabet. And yet they try, they learn it, they speak it, they teach it and that’s why the big publishing companies still publish teaching methods for Ancient Greek.

In the foreign universities, most professors teaching Ancient Greek are foreign. Foreign professors tutoring foreign students. It’s them who come to Greece for vacation and crowd our monuments and museums, which are right on our feet and yet we consider a visit there as a nuisance. If we truly want to love our language, our history and culture, we should be taught Ancient Greek from a young age, as a living language, like they do abroad.

With simple, comprehensible texts, from the mythology, from Aesop, from simple sayings and delphic orders, our language is full of them. So instead of occupying ourselves with whether Homer’s sheep cried “vee” or “beh” and instead of trying to decode why the Greek rooster says kokoriko while the English rooster says Cock-a-doodle-doo - he does neither - let’s try to make our children understand the importance, the meaning and the symbolism of the Naval Battle of Salamís instead of a plain «ὦ παῖδες Ἑλλήνων, ἴτε» (= O children of the Greeks, arise), dry and withered.

#αρχαία ελληνικά #greece #europe #greek #ancient greek #erasmus #languages #greek language #langblr #greek culture

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theliberaltony · 5 years ago

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via Politics – FiveThirtyEight

It’s been a very unusual convention season. Both major parties had to improvise on the traditional convention playbook because of the novel coronavirus pandemic, holding nearly all-virtual gatherings instead. But the Republican National Convention cast aside other traditions too — featuring some of the norm-breaking (and possible law-breaking!) that we’ve come to expect from the Trump administration and blurring the lines that separate governance from party politics, and party politics from personal advancement.

As we’ve noted here before, there’s a difference between norms and democratic values. Norms are nice, and even important sometimes. But not always: Both conventions featured new forms of roll-call voting, for example, losing some norms but not in a problematic way. Other norms, though, help enforce democratic values. And that kind of norm-breaking is the one we should really worry about.

So what values — if any — are at stake in the norm violations at the 2020 RNC?

Election integrity and good governance

Most of the norms-based criticisms of the RNC revolved around the use of government resources and governing powers for a political event. On the second night, the convention kicked off with President Trump pardoning Jon Ponder. The same night, the convention aired a pre-taped naturalization ceremony filmed at the White House. And on Thursday, Trump delivered his acceptance speech from the White House’s South Lawn. All this drew sharp criticism, including questions about whether the Trump administration had violated the Hatch Act, which bans federal officials from mixing their government work with political activities.

Indeed, since last week, the Hatch Act has been having a moment. But are there democratic values embodied in this 1939 piece of legislation? On Wednesday morning, White House chief of staff Mark Meadows was quoted saying that only “Beltway insiders” cared about such things. And civil service regulation might not seem like the most exciting or relevant topic. But the Hatch Act came after many years of political struggles, and other, unsuccessful legislative attempts to address the relationship between politics and governance. These kinds of rules are in place to protect the governing process from improper political influence and elections from the sway of powerful actors. The civil service reform movement in the 1880s sought to create an effective federal government, staffed by civil servants who were trained for their work and free from fear of losing their jobs over politics. The idea of protecting elections dates back to at least the 1830s. The Hatch Act itself came about as the result of concern about the FDR administration using the Works Progress Administration for political gain and becoming overly involved in the 1938 primaries in an effort to defeat conservative Democrats. In other words, the act, which was controversial at the time and has been controversial since, was aimed at curbing the role of politics in governance and keeping the president from having too much influence over elections. The Hatch Act and other rules like it aren’t just about obscure regulations or Washington norms — they safeguard the values of election integrity and good governance.

Nonpartisan foreign policy

Secretary of State Mike Pompeo’s speech from Jerusalem also prompted Hatch Act questions. It’s possible the speech didn’t technically violate the law. And it’s not unheard of for Cabinet secretaries to speak at conventions about domestic issues. But regardless of who paid for what, the appearance of a secretary of state at a convention links partisan politics to foreign policy statecraft and diplomacy. And there’s a reason why foreign policy is different.

As Scott Anderson explained on the Lawfare podcast, the principles behind State Department policies banning partisan activities by overseas diplomats are that they represent the entire nation – not just one political party. Suggesting that one party is better than the other to our allies runs the risk of undermining our national position and credibility when the other party takes power. It defies the concept that both parties are equally invested in the security and safety of the nation, ultimately denying the legitimate role of opposition — the idea that the party out of power is still a legitimate part of the nation, and a crucial democratic value.

Equality and access

At the Democratic National Convention this year, Joe Biden and Kamala Harris both had family members speak about them. But at the RNC, in addition to Ivanka Trump’s introduction of her father, three of Trump’s children had evening speaking slots. His sons, Eric and Donald Jr., spoke about politics, castigating “cancel culture” and the Biden campaign. Contrasted with Melania Trump’s speech as first lady, the Trump children — and his sons, in particular — stepped out of the ceremonial role as “first family” and into a more partisan, political one. As some commentators noted, the speeches sounded like they were gearing up to run for office.

Family political dynasties are hardly unusual in American politics. There are the Bushes, the Romneys and of course, the Kennedys — as well as many others. And political conventions are supposed to showcase speakers who might run for office later. But combining these two things flies in the face of core democratic values like equality and access and instead turns the political party into a personal vehicle for the president and his family.

Personalistic leadership

The deeper democratic value violation in the RNC’s use of these presidential powers — both real and ceremonial — in a convention context is what political scientists call personalistic leadership. It’s not just that Trump merged governance and party politics. It’s that, in this merging, the impression is given that Trump himself — rather than the Constitution or the office — is the source of privileges like granting pardons and citizenship. This gets directly at one of the principles the nation’s founders worried about when creating the office of the presidency: that it would place too much power in the hands of a single individual, endangering the idea of a “government of laws and not of men.”

Finally, and relatedly, Trump accepted the nomination in a closing speech on the South Lawn of the White House, followed up with “Trump 2020” fireworks over the Washington Monument. Some commentators have questioned not only the propriety of this but also suggested these events were illegal. (A gathering of 1,500 people, most of them unmasked, also violated local laws, though federal property is exempt from those laws.)

Political parties have become more focused on the presidency over time, with candidates rarely stepping up to challenge incumbent presidents for the nomination. And it’s standard for the conventions to focus heavily on the sitting president in that way, highlighting that this is the person already in the office while also competing to stay there. But Thursday’s use of the White House, accompanied by Trump’s declaration of “we’re here and they’re not” in his renomination acceptance speech, undercuts the reality that all presidents occupy that space temporarily. The separation of the presidency from the president is a key democratic value. The presidency and its symbols do not belong to one president or his supporters, but to all of the American people.

#IFTTT #Politics – FiveThirtyEight #politics #538 #Julia Azari

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nightqueendany · 6 years ago

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Leaks, Fleaks, and the Fucking Ending of Game of Thrones

I will be discussing Friki leaks in this post and other potential “leaks” as seen on Free Folk Reddit so if you don’t want spoilers, don’t read! I will also be discussing THAT ONE theory/leak I freaked out about several weeks ago and refused to talk about except to a few people who private messaged me about it.

I will be theorizing heavily in this post in an attempt to put all the “leaks” together so take this all with a grain of salt. I am not a primary source or even a secondary source for this information, so what I say here could very well be 100% wrong.

“Leakers” I am pulling from in this post:

Frikidoctor

BoatSexBaby

ThrowItAway / DeathWisher

TyrionKillsEveryone

Please keep in mind, I am not a member of the Reddit community (well, have an account, almost never use it), so I am unfamiliar with certain users on the site, what has been discussed at length between all users, what’s been refuted if it’s not on the front page of Free Folk, and what comments any of these users have made if they’re more than a few weeks old. Please also note I am not a native Spanish speaker so I have to read Friki’s stuff from translations so if the translations are incorrect, I will be. If anyone has any additional input, please feel free to reblog to correct any misinformation I may include in this.

First off, Friki.

As we’ve seen from Friki’s Season 7 leaks and his incredibly detailed leaks about 8x01, Friki is legit. There really is no arguing with this so I believe it is pointless to do so. However, we must keep in mind Friki is not someone who is on set, his sources are not on set all the time (I believe), and for this season, he has not seen an final scripts. So we likewise must take what Friki says with a grain of salt. Friki was also off by two weeks when it came to when the New York premiere would be, so it’s possible he could be wrong about things or his source doesn’t give him full information or gives him incorrect information.

BoatSexBaby

Again, sorry, I am not familiar with the reputations of people on Reddit FreeFolk so I don’t know if this person is seen as a legitimate leaker or fleaker. However, regardless of whether they have correct information, BSB seems to be a total savant when it comes to putting filming information together! It’s kind of astounding. I had attempted to do this once, but it was completely overwhelming but BSB has done it. It seems BSB’s info so far as what happens in the season is more based on assumptions based on filming info than actual leaks. But the information is still incredibly helpful.

ThrowItAway/DeathWisher

I don’t believe this is the same person but DeathWisher recently linked back to ThrowItAway’s old POST from a few months ago so I’m crediting both of them here. ThrowItAway claims to be related to someone who worked on the Belfast set and had second hand information of what would happen during the Battle for Winterfell in 8x03. Info that was correct: 1) Arya would jump down from somewhere (a tree?) to kill the NK 2) Theon would charge NK and die 3) Lyanna Mormont would become a wight. That has all been proven true and these leaks were from 4 months ago. So the information TIA’s brother gave them about future episodes may be true as well. Though, TIA admits that their brother did not work on sets aside from the Belfast one and so heard the leaks about the other episodes from other crew members - meaning the brother is a secondary source for this info, not a primary one. Also, TIA seems pretty adamant that it’s highly possible multiple endings were filmed.

TyrionKillsEveryone

Now, anyone who knows of TKE from FreeFolk and Friki is probably wondering why the fuck I’m bringing him up right now because apparently everything he said would happen in the first couple episodes has turned out to be complete bullshit (though for some reason, I can’t find those posts/comments, so have to rely on people talking about “leaks” TKE claimed for Eps 1&2). However, out of all the theories I’ve read on the ending to GOT and now with this info from ThrowItAway, I more inclined than ever to believe such an ending so that’s why I’ve included them in this post.

So, what do the “leakers” have to offer us?

Friki:

Friki claims that THE big moment in this final season will be Tyrion’s trial in the Dragonpit and Tyrion’s death. He refutes a previous theory of his that Tyrion and Sansa would betray the Starks and says Sansa will not betray them, Tyrion will (unclear if Dany is included in this - as either Team Stark or on Tyrion’s side...but as Dany is on the side of the Starks now, it appears Tyrion would betray her too...?). Friki says an important scene will take place with five key characters: Jon, Sansa, Arya, Daenerys, and Tyrion. Friki was told this big scene took five days to film (hinting at it being all conflict). The most shocking moment of the season/series should be Tyrion’s death. Friki admits he doesn’t know how Tyrion will die, or why he will betray Team Jon/Dany but just knows that he will. He notes Emilia Clarke never filmed anything in Seville, she was never there. He says Kit Harington was in Seville but did not film a single scene there.

I know people might take this as “fake news” and believe Kit actually did film in Seville but lots of GOT actors were in Seville who I can’t really believe were filming there - most notably, Tom Wlaschiha who played Jaqen H'ghar, Faye Marsay who played the Waif, and Vladimír Furdík who played the Night King.

So, unless Arya never killed the Waif or the Night King in a permanent way, it’s clear HBO just flew in lots of GOT actors to throw people off...OR may have flown them in, along with their body doubles, for the GOT Documentary which will air right after the series finale. More on this in a moment.

BoatSexBaby:

Alright, first off, I’ll start with what BSB may have gotten wrong...unless the NK isn’t completely dead and he somehow has to be defeated again. BSB claimed HERE that 1) Dance of Dragons between NK/Viserion and Dany/Drogon would happen in Episode 6 in King’s Landing and Jon/Rhaegal may be involved - untrue, kind of, this happened in Ep3 2) Golden Company attack Winterfell - TOTALLY FALSE. And preview for next weeks seems to see everyone headed down south to attack Cersei instead (though BSB did say survivors retreat south so maybe this is the true part of people going south) 3) NK has real motivations that tie all WW scenes together from 1x01 - maybe. We certainly didn’t see this prior but it could be revealed in future. The way the NK was defeated just felt way too clean to me. If he’s really gone and was a red herring, that’s one elaborate 8000 year old red herring. FFS.

What BSB does actually have to offer, is her dedication to documenting filming news. According to BSB, we know: 1) the green dragon mount was moved prior to filming King’s Landing battle scenes hinting at it being used in those scenes - however, the only actor available for filming such scenes was allegedly Vladimír Furdík, as Kit and Emilia were not in Belfast at the time. 2) Body doubles in Seville who may have been filming or may have been part of the GOT documentary were doubles for: Sansa, Tyrion, Jon, Brienne, Grey Worm, and Robin Arryn. BSB is also of the belief that Kit actually did film in Seville but filmed night scenes? And that there were CGI/VFX sequences for the Dragonpit scene or Tyrion’s trial. Friki said the Dragonpit scene included no CGI so it’s unclear which is correct.

ThrowItAway/DeathWisher

As stated, ThrowItAway gave leaks for 8x03 several months ago that ended up panning out so, it could be possible their other statements about future episodes could be true too. TIA posted some things and also messaged DW some spoilers for the ending. Some key points, but certainly not ALL: 1) Varys betrays Dany because he believes Jon would make a better ruler (something TKE also speculated) and Dany has him executed 2) Dany attacks King’s Landing 3) Tyrion convinces Jon that Dany is a danger to him and the Starks and Jon kills Dany 4) Prior to her death, Sansa and Tyrion appear to plot against Dany/try to separate her and Jon 5) Sansa has made some sort of promise to Tyrion that she and him will rule together but she betrays him in the end 6) Jon has two possible endings: Death or reforming the Night’s Watch (unclear how he would die).

This is a lot to unpack here and it should be noted that TIA has stated these “leaks” are to be taken with a grain of salt because a) their brother did not work on these episodes and heard this from other crew members who did work on them and b) they seem highly convinced that multiple endings were filmed and Emilia Clarke has talked about filming fake scenes.

TyrionKillsEveryone

I haven’t been able to see TKEs old posts on the early episodes and have only read their “leaks” from other commenters who have gleefully bragged about how incorrect TKE was. I think one of the major TKE fleaks was that Dany would find out she was pregnant in 8x01 and that Varys would try to kill her with poison (because he believes she’s becoming like Aerys and Jon would be a better King) but Arya would save her. This clearly did not happen in 8x01 so it’s easy to write off TKE for just this alone.

However, TKEs points about the later episodes just STRUCK me and affected me deeply which is why I’m going to include them. TKE says that yes, Tyrion will have a trial, as Friki said, and Tyrion will be on trial for betraying Jon and Daenerys and killing Jon - how does Tyrion kill Jon? He stabs him in the back in the black cells of the Red Keep after taking him down to see Dany - who is Cersei’s captive - where she is bleeding to death either from being stabbed by Bronn or complications with childbirth. I think both were mentioned, Unclear which TKE was leaning more toward.

At Tyrion’s trial, TKE says Tyrion will have an epic speech like he did in his trial for killing Joffrey, and will name everyone present as guilty as him. That their petty wars and fights all caused harm to the smallfolk, damaged the country, something like this. And at the end of Tyrion’s speech, Bronn will ignite the wildfire under the Dragonpit like he did on the Blackwater, and blow everyone up - killing every single major character - Arya, Sansa, Davos, Tyrion...anyone else who is present in the Dragonpit. They’ll all die.

TKE claims the last shots of the series are the smallfolk rebuilding Westeros, living their lives in peace, because they have no lords preying on them, telling them to fight their wars, etc. And that is the “Dream of Spring.”

What does it all mean?

It’s pretty difficult to tell at this point because the Night King is defeated (or so we think) and the living are somewhat intact - at least many of our major characters - Jaime, Brienne, Grey Worm, Jon, Sansa, Dany, Arya, Tyrion, Varys, Pod, Tormund, Sam, Gilly, the Hound...they all got out of the Battle with barely scratches on them. It’s incredibly disconcerting. As if luring us into this false sense of security.

But this false sense of security is exactly the kind of thing GOT would do before really bringing down the sledgehammer to our hearts. So, what does it all mean?

1) Three of the leakers save TIA have specifically talked about Tyrion’s trial. To me, this seems highly likely to happen.

2) BSB has some amazing evidence for why there will be CGI/VFX during Tyrion’s trial but I think her assumption about what this could mean is wrong - it won’t be a dragon fight (though there will be dragons in King’s Landing at some point). The VFX for Tyrion’s trial could be for the wildfire explosion that TKE talks about.

3) If TIA is correct about Sansa leading Tyrion on only to betray him in the end and take power for herself, then it makes Sansa a villain too. And this was the last piece of info I was really waiting for because...

It is KEY to believing TKE’s ending.

Because with everyone plotting against everyone and fighting for power, it means they learned nothing from having to band together to defeat the Night King and are all still fighting their petty wars and as Tyrion will (maybe) say in his trial, they’re all guilty.

TKE said something about Sansa inviting all the Lords/Ladies of the realm come to Tyrion’s trial so they can simultaneously swear her their allegiance. This would support why Robin Arryn is at Tyrion’s trial. Because without this, it seems odd that he would be there at all. We haven’t seen him since Season 6, though his armies have been present in S7 and S8.

While I am not sure which to believe out of TIA and TKE’s endings for Jon and Dany - Jon-kills-Dany or Jon-and-Dany-die-together - I am pretty convinced of this theory that Tyrion, does in fact, kill everyone with wildfire in the Dragonpit. You guys might think I’m crazy, might hate me for pointing this out, but I just feel this ending in my bones and have for several weeks. I was kind of hoping for a Jon-Dany-house-with-a-red-door ending - they get resurrected or don’t die and live in hiding or amongst the small-folk and get a somewhat happy ending. But I am not holding my breath.

And for those who want a little bit more further proof of a TKE-like ending, for those saying things like “What’s the point?” “Who would rule?” “So it’s just anarchy?” “Is this some weird eat the rich bullshit?” - I have one more piece of evidence for you.

D&D said the ending to GOT was hidden in their Spotify playlist. And one of the songs on the playlist was Black Sabbath’s War Pigs. The lyrics of which are:

Gen'rals gathered in their masses, Just like witches at black masses Evil minds that plot destruction, Sorcerer of death's construction In the fields the bodies burning, As the war machine keeps turning Death and hatred to mankind, Poisoning their brainwashed minds Oh Lord yeah

Politicians hide themselves away They only started the war Why should they go out to fight? They leave that role for the poor, yeah

Time will tell on their power minds, Making war just for fun Treating people just like pawns in chess, Wait 'till their judgement day comes, yeah

Now in darkness world stops turning, Ashes where the bodies burning No more War Pigs have the power, Hand of God has struck the hour Day of judgement, God is calling On their knees the war pigs crawling, Begging mercies for their sins Satan, laughing, spreads his wings Oh Lord yeah

This is why, weeks ago, I posted this Jorah quote:

youtube

In the books, it’s a bit better: “The common people pray for rain, healthy children, and a summer that never ends," Ser Jorah told her. "It is no matter to them if the high lords play their game of thrones, so long as they are left in peace....They never are."

And it’s why around the same time, I also posted this:

youtube

“Animals are true to their nature. And we had betrayed ours.” All the living, despite fighting together against the dead, have still betrayed their nature, fighting against each other, fighting for power. When they should be working together and feel lucky they’re all alive.

In the books, Brienne V in AFFC, there is a great speech commonly called by the fandom, “The Broken Man Speech” - which, coincidentally, the episode above is called. Not for no reason, I believe.

Some significant quotes from the book version of the Broken Man speech:

“Broken men are more deserving of our pity, though they may be just as dangerous. Almost all are common-born, simple folk who had never been more than a mile from the house where they were born until the day some lord came round to take them off to war. Poorly shod and poorly clad, they march away beneath his banners, ofttimes with no better arms than a sickle or a sharpened hoe.”

“They see the lord who led them there cut down, and some other lord shouts that they are his now."

“...before long they are stealing from the living too, from the smallfolk whose lands they’re fighting in, men very like the men they used to be.”

“They don’t know where they are or how to get back home and the lord they’re fighting for does not know their names, yet here he comes, shouting for them to form up, to make a line with their spears and scythes and sharpened hoes, to stand their ground. And the knights come down on them, faceless men clad all in steel, and the iron thunder of their charge seems to fill the world … “And the man breaks. “He turns and runs, or crawls off afterward over the corpses of the slain, or steals away in the black of night, and he finds someplace to hide. All thought of home is gone by then, and kings and lords and gods mean less to him than a haunch of spoiled meat that will let him live another day, or a skin of bad wine that might drown his fear for a few hours. The broken man lives from day to day, from meal to meal, more beast than man. Lady Brienne is not wrong. In times like these, the traveler must beware of broken men, and fear them … but he should pity them as well.”

And for those saying this can’t possibly be GRRM’s message....well, it just might be:

youtube

Now, how well have D&D executed such an ending if this is, indeed, the ending?

I would say, pretty shittily. It’s not an A or an A+. Because unlike Breaking Bad, we’re still rooting for these characters with only 3 episodes to go. In Breaking Bad, you get that Walter is a villain, he’s “The one who knocks.” He’s the bad guy and he deserves what’s coming to him. Jesse was a prisoner in the end so we’re glad he gets out and gets free.

But with GOT, if everyone ends up being a villain and dying for their sins, it’s shitty. I have faith GRRM would do much better with such an ending. Give us other characters, the smallfolk, to care about to ease the pain of losing our other faves, the mains. But with only 240 minutes to go, there’s no way D&D could make us hate the current characters in a way that makes us also not hate the writers too and the entire series. It’s like...well fuck, why did I ever care in the first place?

Especially as a Dany fan because her whole story has been about what GRRM talks about in the video above. Yes, she has to have this war to take power against Cersei, but she’s the ONLY character who wants to change, make real change that will make a difference to the common man. She wants to “break the wheel that has rolled over rich and poor to the benefit of no one but the Cersei Lannister’s of the world.” She wants to do that!

So if this is the GOT ending, I’m pissed. Because it’s as if Dany’s purpose is just...forgotten. Or not worthy because she wants to take power and get revenge for her family at the same time. Perhaps it’s because of this, I still am holding out one last sliver of hope that Dany and Jon survive, because out of everyone, their motives most closely align to this ideal.

But again, not holding my breath.

And if you guys don’t hate me after reading this, let me know what you think!

#game of thrones #got spoilers #friki leaks #frikidoctor #got speculation

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ecotone99 · 6 years ago

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(HR) Hungry Hearts

(IP) Hungry Hearts

When she reached the clearing, the only sounds she could hear was the snow falling and the vicious, lonely howl of the wind. Her chest heaved, and her fingers loosened on her blade. She’d come so far, and she was so tired.

“Have you come to kill me? Make me pay for my crimes?” A dry, deep male voice sounded over the wind, and when she leaned around the rock to identify the source of the voice. Everything the stranger said was true, but the assassin didn’t know how he knew. It had been kept in complete secrecy, or so she’d thought.

But the speaker wasn’t a man, not exactly. He was a strange hybrid of both wolf and man, something other, someone caught between two worlds. But the law was the law, and she had her orders. She couldn’t disobey without facing the possibility of death herself.

Still, she found herself shaking her head, dropping her weapon in the snow with a muted clink.

“I just want to talk to you.” She murmured, and before she could blink, he’d crossed the snow and stood in front of her, squinting as if he didn’t quite know what to make of her.

He laughed, the sound bitter and full of regret. “Would you blame me if I thought you were lying?” He murmured, and the hunter stared at him, shaking her head.

“Why did you do it?” She asked, looking up at him. “Why did you kill them?”

The wolfman lowered his head, his voice thick with emotion. “It was an accident. I didn’t mean to. I was in the forest, trying to feed, and they’d stopped to set up camp.”

She nodded; ever since she’d found the bodies, she hadn’t been able to get the carnage out of her head. Blood in bright stripes, staining the pure white snow, various body parts and viscera scattered about, the canvas of their tent shredded. The river that ran through the forest seemed black to her then, full of secrets, death, and menace. Perhaps it too had run with blood.

“What happened next?” She murmured, looking up at him. She didn’t dare look away; at the very least, this man deserved last words and rites before he was sent into the afterlife.

“I’d lost the bear that I killed; because I was distracted, it got away from me. And I was… I was so hungry that I couldn’t see straight. Something in me just took over. I was so hungry. I didn’t mean to. If I could, I would take it all back, but I can’t. I know I deserve punishment. I just wanted to explain myself. I don’t expect you to understand; you’re human, and so are your superiors.” His voice turned bitter now, and his eyes flashed up to hers.

“Pray to the gods that you will never have a beast that lives inside of you, vying for control. Even on good days, it’s difficult to keep it… sated.” He spoke of this entity as though it was separate from him, even though it had brought his ruin.

The girl had come all this way to fulfill a task: She had to bring his head back to the capitol city. But after hearing him speak, she felt herself hesitating.

Even in the name of the law, could she truly end another person’s life? Even if that person was a monster?

submitted by /u/thestorychaser [link] [comments] via Blogger https://ift.tt/2Ylb1jk

#Blogger #Story

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phantomtutor · 3 years ago

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The goal of the presentation is to demonstrate your understating of the fundamental role of learning and cognition in numerous processes and functions including perception, pattern recognition, attention, consciousness, learning, memory, concept formation, thinking, imaging, remembering, language, intelligence, emotions, and developmental processes, to name a few. This project is intended to provide you an opportunity to examine the concepts of cognition and learning that are of greatest interest to you, with the course content as a guide. Drawing on your knowledge of course concepts, identify a topic of interest related to cognitive psychology. Examples of topics one might consider include learning disabilities, autism spectrum disorder, emotional regulation, memory enhancement, or learning a language. In a PowerPoint presentation of at least 20 slides, not including title or reference slides, present your selected topic, demonstrating clear connections to cognitive psychology concept(s) introduced in the course. In your presentation, include the following elements: Identify, describe, define, and discuss, with detail, the selected topic related to a cognitive psychology concept. Provide critical analyses in the examination of the topic; the relevance of the topic on its own and its connection to cognitive psychology should be established early and effectually in the work. Note the topic’s relation to cognitive psychology, discussing the major functions/processes involved. This may include multiple structures of the brain, functions, and processes of cognition; be thorough and inclusive. In the discussion, identify whether the topic is an occurrence of normal or abnormal cognitive functions/processes and how these functions/processes may be enhanced or impeded. Provide clear definitions and/or explanations for the cognitive psychology concepts included within the work as links to the selected topic are made. Close your work with the major takeaway points of the presentation. Include appropriate attributions to sources for photographic, artistic, and/or graphic depictions displayed within the presentation. In developing your work, be sure to rely upon academic, scholarly sources to support the information included. Scholarly sources should be cited both in-text and on the reference slide of the submission. A minimum of three (3) academic, scholarly sources is required to be cited in the work. Work should be submitted in a PowerPoint file or other compatible file, and be at least 20 slides in length, excluding the required title slide and separate reference slide. Detailed speaker notes should accompany slides containing mostly bullet-point data to include the details expected in the instructions above. ORDER THIS PAPER NOW. 100% CUSTOM PAPER CategoriesAPA 7th edition, English Leave a Reply Cancel replyYour email address will not be published. Required fields are marked *Comment * Name * Email * Website Save my name, email, and website in this browser for the next time I comment. Post navigation Previous PostPrevious Knowledge ChecksNext PostNext Storytelling and Persuasion

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hunterlist346 · 4 years ago

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Prof Tuners Sound Cards & Media Devices Driver Download For Windows 10

Jan 01, 2021 A sound card is a valuable upgrade for your PC if you are a dedicated gamer, audiophile, or a creative who produce audio on your computer. Here are the best sound cards with advice on which one.

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The sound card was working properly. But I still can't hear any sound when I try to watch TV on my computer. The cable to share my speaker to the TV tuner card is plugged on the right places, which are the line-in and audio-out. I can only hear sound from my TV tuner card if I directly plug the speaker cable to the audio-out area of my TV tuner. Professional Sound Card of an Unusual Design, with Professional and Consumer Jacks ESI presented its new sound card called Juli@ at the world-famous exhibition Musikmesse (March 31 – April 3, 2004) in Frankfurt, Germany. The card is shipped in a nice box made as a book with a transparent inner side. The box for ESI Juli@ is nice and functional.

Professional Sound Card of an Unusual Design, with Professional and Consumer Jacks

ESI presented its new sound card called Juli@ at the world-famous exhibition Musikmesse (March 31 – April 3, 2004) in Frankfurt, Germany.

The card is shipped in a nice box made as a book with a transparent inner side.

Bundle

The bundle of our sample card contained the following items:

PCI-card ESI Juli@

breakout cable for the S/PDIF and MIDI interfaces

really useful user's manual in English and in German printed in A5 format

CD with drivers

CD with special version of Ableton Live (list of limitations)

50% discount coupon for a full version of Ableton Live

Colorful advertisement of all ESI products

Card-transformer

The unique feature of this card is the opportunity to transform it to user's needs: you can choose which jacks to use – professional 1/4' balanced jacks (1/4' TRS) or consumer RCA jacks.

ESI Juli@ sound card: Professional 1/4' balanced TRS jacks are active Disassembled ESI Juli@ sound card: The upper part turns 180 degrees ESI Juli@ sound card: consumer RCA jacks are active

Innards

The main DSP chip labeled with the ESI logo is VIA Envy24HT-S (24-bit, 192 kHz; interfaces: three output I2S/AC-links, two input I2S/AC-links). Digital transceiver – AKM AK4114 (8 inputs, 2 outputs).

The main DSP chip: 24-bit, 192 kHz VIA Envy24HT-S

The card uses an 8-channel multibit 24-bit 192 kHz DAC AKM AK4358 with reduced sensitivity to jitter, positioned by AKM for professional equipment as well as for consumer DVD-Audio and SACD (by the way, I wrote about the release of this DAC in our news a year ago). Dynamic range: 112 dB. THD+noise: -94 dB. 8 times 24-bit digital filter with an slow roll-off option (in this case this option is disabled to provide ideally even frequency response). DAC is not a top class, but quite good enough for a sound card in this price range.

You can see on the ESI Juli@ block diagram that the 8-channel AKM 4358 DAC (marked as 4õ DAC) is used in this sound card on purpose — it monitors digital I/O with an absolute zero delay.

ADC – dual bit delta-sigma stereo 24-bit 192 kHz AKM AK5385A has a little better characteristics; it is positioned by AKM for professional equipment to record audio in high definition formats, including DVD-Audio. Dynamic range: 114 dB. Signal/(noise+distortions): 103 dB. High-quality digital antialiasing filter with a linear phase, passband (Fs=48 kHz): 0~21.768 kHz, ripple: 0.005 dB, stopband: 100 dB.

ESI Juli@ converters: AKM 4358 DAC and AKM 5385A ADC

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Some comments. Though DAC and ADC are of the same class in this sound card, ADCs are still a tad better than DACs. Perhaps, as it was with Waveterminal 192X, the engineers considered the digitization quality (ADC) to be more important in home/project studio than the slightly reduced quality of signal monitoring, other things being equal. But hi-end audio PC users (RCA jacks are a curtsy to them), who use their computers solely for high quality playback and who do not care about ADC, have a reason to pause – is the DAC comparable with the level of the rest of the sound playback section? If the rest of the sound section is much more expensive than the card (approximately over $600), so that the bottleneck is in the DAC quality as well, then they should pay attention to the mastering level sound cards.

In general, it should be noted that in the price range up to $200 Juli@ demonstrates better DAC/ADC quality in comparison with similar old cards based on ENVY24 – various M-Audio Audiophile 2496, Echo MIA, etc. According to our measurements (using the same reference sound card) Juli@ is even better than the more expensive ESI Waveterminal 192Õ, which has better (according to the specification) ADCs. So in our opinion only EMU 1212M (with converters of a higher level) can be a serious competitor to the undoubtedly successful in price/quality Juli@.

Drivers sahara. Despite this fact, many users of middle end sound sections will quite possibly prefer Juli@, because this ESI card is easier to control, it does not have problems with the MME/WDM interface support in high formats, it has a smoother frequency response of line outs, and it offers several useful proprietary features, which will be described later. Besides, EMU is very difficult to find on our shelves and this situation has not changed for half a year already.

E-WDM technology

E-WDM technology (Enhanced Audio MIDI Driver) is a proprietary project of ESI, which enhances the original architectural concept of Microsoft WDM-drivers.

Aside from standard features, E-WDM offers functions required for professional sound processing:

Aside from Win XP/2000, it also supports Win Me/98 SE Based on the WDM architecture, E-WDM drivers work fine under all WDM compatible Windows operating systems, while WDM drivers of other sound cards often work only in W2K and XP, offering VxD drivers for Win98SE and ME.

GIGAStudio 2000 support From the very beginning E-WDM drivers were developed for professional applications. The popular software sampler GIGAStudio from Tascam is fully supported with the extremely low latency of 1.5 ms.

ASIO 2.0 support ASIO 2.0 is the de facto standard, and E-WDM supports it with just a 3.0 ms latency.

Independent support for MME applications Several MME applications can be used simultaneously, and the drivers will not complain that the device is busy. This is also useful for old applications, which are not supported by WDM drivers.

Multi-client support An unlimited number of audio applications can be accessed simultaneously with the multi-client support. You can use SONAR and WinAmp via a single sound device.

Multi-channel support It supports 5.1 output format for software DVD-Video players, such as WinDVD and Power DVD. This function is also useful for WDM applications, such as SONAR, especially in terms of the input/output channel synchronization.

DirectMUSIC MIDI ports WDM-based multi-channel MIDI-driver from ESI offers a more stable timing than the built-in MIDI-timing in NT4 or Windows 9X.

DirectSound support E-WDM offers support for several DirectSound channels for multi-channel output in such applications as PCDJ (DJ software).

No signal attenuation at -6 dB Unlike the situation with several other drivers, E-WDM guarantees the signal level exactly according to the existing standard.

Ultra-low latency, less than 1.5 ms E-WDM drivers provide comfortable work due to the minimal latency. Buffer size can be set in drivers.

DirectWIRE: audio stream visual routing technology

DirectWIRE is a technology for visual software routing of signals, which is currently available in most ESI products. Signals are routed on the level of drivers, bit-to-bit, without quality loss.

DirectWIRE 1.0 technology appeared in ESI Waveterminal 2496/192 when the Gigastudio sampler was still widely popular and initially it served to convert MIDI-tracks to WAV from Gigastudio (GSIF interface) into Cubase (ASIO) or into Cakewalk/SONAR1 (MME). Drivers resmed port devices replacement.

DirectWIRE 1.0 panel in ESI Waveterminal 192X

DirectWIRE 2.0 supports 32 channels, it has a new control panel, and an option to mute monitoring of selected output channels. You can switch inputs and outputs of the MME, WDM, ASIO, GSI/F program interfaces, even if they work simultaneously. You can connect inputs and outputs of different applications with virtual cables and record signals without quality loss. Using DirectWIRE you can also record multi-channel audio from DVD or another source (even protected from copying) in formats up to 24-bit 192 kHz in real time in completely digital form.

DirectWIRE 3.0 was enhanced with hardware inputs. In Juli@ Virtual Inputs 1 and 2 are the left and the right hardware analog inputs, 3 and 4 – the left and right hardware digital S/PDIF input.

Interface names mean the following applications:

MME: WinAmp, CoolEdit, Cakewalk, Vegas, etc.

WDM: SONAR (WDM/KS), PowerDVD, WinDVD, etc.

ASIO: Cubase, Nuendo, Logic, Reason, SONAR (ASIO), etc.

GSIF: GigaStudio 2.42 or higher.

You can read this Audiotrak tutorial to learn how to use DirectWIRE 3.0 with detailed examples.

Digital and MIDI Interfaces

Juli@ stands out against other ESI products with its MIDI I/O, digital RCA I/O, and a digital optical output. You had to buy a separate MI/ODI/O module to get these features in Audiotrak MAYA44MKII and ESI Waveterminal 192X/L. Though there are also modifications with MI/ODI/O module in a box now, it occupies an additional bracket among PCI slots.

Sound Quality

https://hunterlist346.tumblr.com/post/655921485763035136/nsc-sicherheitstechnik-usb-devices-driver-download-for-w. Juli@ vs. Audigy2 ZS Platinum Pro

These two cards can be compared due to similar prices ($185 for the ESI product and $240 for the Creative product) and professional attributes (external block with a full set of connectors) in Audigy, which is essentially a gaming card. Functionality of Juli@ and Platinum Pro in terms of a microphone preamplifier and phone-in can be leveled up by adding an inexpensive external analog mixer (about $50) to Juli@, but it's quite possible that an external mixer is already available in home/project studio.

Before the comparative audition I had no subjective preferences – the cards have converters of the same class, and thus I didn't expect considerable differences in sound quality. Nevertheless, the difference between the cards can be clearly heard even using the active speakers JetBalance JB-381 (by the way, very good speakers at a moderate price at last, less than $200).

In the 16 bit 44 kHz mode A2 is traditionally weak at playing via the MME interface, and it's much better at playing via the professional packaged 'SB Audigy2 ZS ASIO' driver with enabled SSRC high quality resampling to 48 kHz. But Juli@ produces crisper and more detailed sounds, and thus it's more suitable for a professional. Though this can be heard only when you instantly switch between the cards playing the same music fragment. If you increase the time between the auditions to a couple of minutes, you won't be able to distinguish the cards even with the same music fragment. One way or another, I clearly hear the difference, for example at Alex Reece, 1996 album 'So Far' (hits: Feel The Sunshine, Pulp Friction) and some other test compositions with clear compressed mastering and timbre-catchy high frequency range.

Juli@ vs. EMU 1820

Despite the high price ($400) and the increased number of channels in EMU1820, Juli@ can compete with it head-to-head, because the Creative/EMU product has converters of the same level (CS4392).

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Both cards, Juli@ and 1280, were tested in balanced mode, high signal level (+4 dBu) to increase the dynamic range and to demonstrate sound cards' features at maximum. The auditions were also carried out on EVENT 20/20 bas monitors, allowing the balanced connection.

Thorough audition in the same conditions, using the same cable and instantly switching between the cards did not reveal any difference in their sounding. However, considering the high price of EMU1820, it cannot be called a successful sound card – it's an economic modification of the elder 1820M. 1820 is of lower quality than even the younger 1212M model. Forestalling your questions: we don't have an opportunity to compare it with EMU 1212M or 1820M, because these cards cannot be found on sale in Russia. US EMU office promised to send us a press-sample, but we lost contact with it. If we still have an opportunity, we'll update this article.

Juli@ vs. LynxTwo

Comparison with LynxTwo (price >$1000, stereo-modification is Lynx L22, >$800) in our tests is traditional, it serves to reveal the degree and character of sound differences between a sound card under review and a reference sound source.

We hasten to say, LynxTwo sounds better. The difference is not so large but it still makes itself felt. Nevertheless, Juli@ demonstrates professional sound quality in comparison with the reference. Multimedia cards (for example, Audigy2/ZS) are usually infamous for timbre distortions, various tones and harmonics at high frequencies. So despite their rather high quality converters, such cards cannot be used for professional work. Juli@ is free from these drawbacks, it sounds true and clear. The only difference from Lynx is in a tad lesser detail, which will hardly influence its professional capability, except for the mastering.

Headphones

Despite the fact that this card does not have a separate output to headphones, they can be connected using the 2RCA-minijack adapter. Using Sennheiser HD600 (400 ohm impedance) via the adapter caused no problems with sound. Besides, we carried out the following interesting experiment: we connected a variable resistor to the output, and applied a maximum amplitude sinusoid to the output of the card. On the digital oscillograph EZ Digital OS-310M we monitored how the amplitude changed and at what resistance there would be a limitation. In comparison with the pure linear output in MAYA44MKII with the limitation at ~100 ohm and lower, Juli@ was OK. Operational amplifiers JRC 4580 hold well the low impedance load, though the Juli@ specification requires the load impedance of not less than 100 ohm. By the way, MAYA44MKII has an output for headphones, which is also OK.

Working in Professional Applications

No surprises here. As any sound card based on the ENVY24 series chip, Juli@ demonstrated excellent results in ASIO-applications CubaseSX 2.0.1 and WaveLab 5.0a.

Besides, InterVideo WinDVD 6.0 works correctly with the card as well. When playing DVD-Audio discs, they are downsampled to 16/48.

RMAA 5.4 Tests

Many users ask us to test not only the quality of linear output, but that of the linear input as well. Silicon image hard disk controller driver download for windows 10. It is especially important for professional equipment, so we tested the card in three modes: when the output and the input of the card are connected, input and output are connected separately using LynxTwo – a reference card of a higher quality.

16 bit 44 kHz, +4dBu, balanced 1m cablesESI Juli@ loopbackESI Juli@ -> LynxTwo Frequency response (from 40 Hz to 15 kHz), dB:+0.05, -0.03+0.02, -0.16+0.04, -0.03Noise level, dB (A):-96.1-96.1-96.4Dynamic range, dB (A):95.795.995.8THD, %:0.00060.00230.0006IMD, %:0.00460.0150.0045Stereo crosstalk, dB:-96.7-97.9-98.1

When the linear input is tested in the balanced mode using LynxTwo, the frequency response gets worse in this test as well as in all the other ones. In the loopback mode (when the output and the input of the card are connected) there is no such drawback, thus we have some disalignment in the operation of balance interfaces in this specific device combo. This is another reason not to use balance connection needlessly.

24 bit 44 kHz, +4dBu, balanced 1m cablesESI Juli@ loopbackESI Juli@ -> LynxTwoFrequency response (from 40 Hz to 15 kHz), dB:+0.05, -0.03+0.02, -0.16+0.04, -0.03Noise level, dB (A):-103.6-109.3-108.0Dynamic range, dB (A):103.4109.2107.9THD, %:0.00050.00230.0005IMD, %:0.00200.0140.0019Stereo crosstalk, dB:-103.9-109.3-107.2

Note the ideally steady frequency response graph and the ideally clear noise spectrum in the 24-bit mode. The noise level measured is close to the claimed figures in the converter specifications. Engineers made the most of the existing converters.

24 bit 96 kHz, +4dBu, balanced 1m cablesESI Juli@ loopbackESI Juli@ -> LynxTwoFrequency response (from 40 Hz to 15 kHz), dB:+0.03, -0.02+0.01, -0.17+0.02, -0.04Noise level, dB (A):-103.9-109.8-107.9Dynamic range, dB (A):103.9109.4107.7THD, %:0.00050.00230.0005IMD, %:0.00190.0140.0019Stereo crosstalk, dB:-101.6-106.8-106.7

In the 96 kHz mode the spectrum is reproduced completely, as it should be. I'll remind you that EMU cards have problems with frequency response in DAC, which is -0.7 dB for 20 kHz.

24 bit 44 kHz, S/PDIF all tests comparison Test file 24/44LynxTwo S/PDIF loopbackESI Juli@ -> LynxTwoFrequency response (from 40 Hz to 15 kHz), dB:+0.00, -0.00+0.00, -0.00+0.00, -0.00+0.00, -0.00Noise level, dB (A):-147.7-144.4-144.5-144.5Dynamic range, dB (A):133.4133.2133.2133.2THD, %:0.00000.00000.00000.0000IMD, %:0.00020.00020.00020.0002Stereo crosstalk, dB:-149.7-146.3-145.1-145.0

In digital output tests Juli@ is equal to LynxTwo.

24 bit 96 kHz, S/PDIF all tests comparison

Test file 24/96LynxTwo S/PDIF loopbackESI Juli@ S/PDIF -> LynxTwoESI Juli@ S/PDIF loopbackFrequency response (from 40 Hz to 15 kHz), dB:+0.00, -0.00+0.00, -0.00+0.00, -0.00+0.00, -0.00Noise level, dB (A):-151.1-147.8-147.9-147.8Dynamic range, dB (A):133.3133.2133.2133.2THD, %:0.00000.00000.00000.0000IMD, %:0.00020.00020.00020.0002Stereo crosstalk, dB:-151.3-146.2-146.4-145.9

In the 24/96 mode the ideal is even farther from our contenders. The reason is most likely not in the lack of bit-to-bit transfer precision, but in the PLL influence in the transceivers or in dithering reformation. One way or another, it's impossible to hear the difference between the original and the received sound – the differences are below the thermal noise threshold in semiconductors, and any digital-analog conversion will guarantee much more audible inaccuracies – the native level of noise in modern DAC is hardly over 120 dB A.

RightMark 3DSound 1.20 Tests

We test DirectSound functions of the card, because we have such an opportunity. RM 3DS tests demonstrate DirectSound compatibility but also the lack of any algorithms of software 3D sound. Just for information.

Device: Juli@ Ch12 (JulaWdm.sys)

Features: Device has not enough hardware 3D buffers Device has not enough hardware 2D buffers EAX1: N/A EAX2: N/A EAX3: N/A EAX4 Advanced HD: N/A

Rates: dwMinSecondarySampleRate 22050 dwMaxSecondarySampleRate 192000

Free buffers stats: dwFreeHw3DAllBuffers 0 dwFreeHw3DStaticBuffers 0 dwFreeHw3DStreamingBuffers 0 dwFreeHwMixingAllBuffers 0 dwFreeHwMixingStaticBuffers 0 dwFreeHwMixingStreamingBuffers 0

Max buffers stats: dwMaxHwMixingAllBuffers 1 dwMaxHwMixingStaticBuffers 1 dwMaxHwMixingStreamingBuffers 1 dwMaxHw3DAllBuffers 0 dwMaxHw3DStaticBuffers 0 dwMaxHw3DStreamingBuffers 0

Misc stats: dwFreeHwMemBytes 0 dwTotalHwMemBytes 0 dwMaxContigFreeHwMemBytes 0 dwUnlockTransferRateHwBuffers 0 dwPlayCpuOverheadSwBuffers 0

Audio transfer speed (software): 3.289 Mb/sec.

Exclusive iXBT.com interview with the ESI R&D team!

iXBT.com:How did you come up with the idea to produce such an unusual sound card with a unique design as Juli@? Is it an attempt to stand out against similar sound cards and to attract attention? What was the reason to break away from the multichannel solution, which we saw in Waveterminal 192L/X (Waveterminal 2496 descendant)?

ESI: Our main goal of developing Juli@ was making a reference model card in terms of audio quality. We did research the market and the already available products. We found that users would need either balanced or unbalanced I/O connections, preferably with the same number of input and output channels, but all products are supporting only one of each connector type. We came up with Juli@ with such a unique design with the user's needs in mind so that the I/O connections will be swappable between balanced and un-balanced. ESI plans to release new multi-channel solutions in the near future. iXBT.com:What was the criterion to select the certain ADC and DAC models (AKM 5385A and 4358)? Why did you choose the 8-channel DAC (AKM4358)?

ESI: We have been using the AKM4358 in development of other products such as the upcoming Audiotrak MAYA1010. We really liked the quality of AKM4358 so it was our conclusion to use it also for Juli@ despite the number of channels. This made it possible to use the additional channels to provide real-time monitoring for all S/PDIF and analog I/O signals, providing more functionality. As for the ADC, we always try to use the best available components, as recording is more important than playback for most professional users. iXBT.com:Did you choose during development a certain price/quality threshold, in order to reach a predetermined price (MSRP), or do your engineers preach some principle of reasonable sufficiency in the area of quality?

ESI: Of course reaching a specific price is always a concern during development. In case of Juli@, functionality and audio quality have been the highest priority. We are very glad that the final product is now available with a very competitive MSRP. iXBT.com:How do you feel, at what rates do the high sampling audio formats evolve in the area of music production and their demand by listeners/customers? ESI: When we started to sell 24bit audio cards several years ago, most of our professional users started immediately work with 24bit/44.1kHz. The higher resolution compared to previous 16bit products was a huge increase in audio quality useful for music production, even if the final product was just a 16bit/44.1kHz audio CD. Now, professionals are slowly starting to work with higher sample-rates in the production process, not only with the higher bit-rate. New formats such as DVD (audio or video) or SACD even require higher sample-rates in the production process; so many professionals are working with 96kHz or even 192kHz already. ESI supports these professionals not only with soundcards but also with exciting new concepts, such as our M-Fire M9600 24bit/96kHz DVD Master Recorder. These days, when we talk to the members of our professional user community, we can see that the demand for a higher recording quality standard is getting more and more important, although we have to admit, that this is a considerably slow process. Many professionals are also buying higher spec hardware because they understand that higher spec hardware also works better even when working with lower samplerates. For example, our 24bit/192kHz Juli@ will produce better results when used with 24bit/44.1kHz compare to other 24bit/96kHz devices, simply because of the much better ADC and DAC. For consumer products, the need to support 96kHz, or even 192kHz, is growing at the same time, mostly because of the necessity to playback already available consumer media. Windows Media Audio Professional supporting 24bit/96kHz is already a standard for PC audio. As more and more professionals are producing music and media content for higher bit and sample rates, the actual demand for consumer products that support these features is also growing. Still, it is not growing that fast, probably because of the reluctance of large media corporate to invest into better audio quality without having working Digital Rights Management solutions market ready.

iXBT.com:Can you tell us anything about the upcoming new generation of built-in sound named High Definition Audio replacing AC'97? Does it threaten high-quality soundcards supporting high sampling formats, or on the contrary will it draw attention to the high quality sound and promote high-quality sound devices?

ESI: We are aware of the HD Audio which sounds promising. But, from our experience in the past, we suspect that there always will be some limitations of on-board sound card. Most main board manufacturers will have to make compromises which will possibly lower the audio quality. We have evaluated the Azalia (former codename for HD Audio) demonstrated at the recent COMPUTEX Taipei 2004. There was certainly improvement on specification over the outdated AC97. However, we thought that it was not that impressive quality and not superior than AC97. We are confident that optional soundcards will be available in the future, probably mostly for audio enthusiast and of course for professionals. Audio still faces huge competition from leading companies and still doesn't provide a full substitute solution for high performance 3D audio and popular gaming surround sound standards such as EAX, Dolby Digital surround, and features like Advanced NSP, the ESI's solution to the native CPU processing for PC Audio. iXBT.com:What is your opinion of the E-MU revival in the sector of sound cards (especially the 1212M and 0404 models)? How you do evaluate DSP features and the quality of converters in these sound cards taking into account their prices? Will ESI respond with a solution featuring top-end converters at an affordable price?

ESI: We generally believe that onboard DSP solutions on audiocards will soon be history. Solutions like VST plugins or DirectX effects are providing excellent results for professional and even ultra high end professional effects, based on native CPU processing. Modern PCs are easily fast enough to provide better sounding effects and software synthesizer sounds compared to current DSP solutions. Right now, we are just at the beginning of this development - in the future, there will be less and less DSP based products in the audio market and native processing solutions will get even more important. In today's native processing environment, it is obvious that the value of a powerful driver providing low CPU load and low latency is considered much more valuable by professionals, compared to onboard DSP hardware. We also believe that we have developed a great value for audio professionals and audio enthusiasts with Juli@ - currently one of the best solution on the market for digital recording because of its exceptional circuitry design. The excellent frequency response is unmatched by any other products in this and even in higher price ranges. Yet, Singapore based Creative Labs has - with some of their E-MU brand products - achieved high dynamic range values on the input section - it is up to the customer if he prefers a good frequency response or a slightly higher dynamic range, just depending on his specific needs. Of course, ESI will provide even better AD and DA conversion quality for future professional audio products, e.g. with our upcoming multi-channel solutions. ESI was one of the first companies to introduce 192kHz and 7.1 channel sound cards and we will continue to introduce new standards and features first. Other examples are the unmatched features like our universal E-WDM drivers and of course DirectWIRE, a virtual digital routing solution with zero latency, exclusively available for users of ESI and Audiotrak products.

iXBT.com:How is ESI getting on? Should we expect new interesting products, such as Juli@, in future from ESI engineers? Can you share some of your plans with us?

ESI: Actually, ESI is currently mostly focusing on developing products that are more market-friendly. For consumer products, Audiotrak brand will release LP (Low Profile) type products which will inherit all the available features in a half sized PCI board and which will fit nicely in a small form factor PC cases. We have the new MAYA 1010 waiting to be released behind the corner but these might not be as special as Juli@. We do plan to design a variety of rack casings to give our users more connection possibilities, both for the consumer and professional music markets. Our drivers and control panels will always have ESI exclusive original features like E-WDM and DirectWIRE which have been as interesting to many people as Juli@'s brilliant swappable hardware design.

iXBT.com: We thank the entire ESI R&D team and personally Nikki Kichan Kang for the interview!

Conclusions

Professional sound card ESI Juli@ has an unusual design, it features both professional and consumer connectors, full MIDI and digital interfaces, high quality playback, excellent drivers, quite a reasonable price, and it is available on sale. Taking into account its price and professional orientation, we found no drawbacks in this card. ESI engineers did a good job, but one can never stop at what has been accomplished – we are looking forward to new sound cards from ESI/Audiotrak with higher quality DACs, which will compete with EMU products of the same price range.

ESI Juli@ gets the 'Original Design' award according to the test results.

We thank ESI for the kindly provided sound card ESI Juli@.

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thisnerdsadventures · 7 years ago

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skills/things you should work on before or during college

i’ve decided to bring back the #advice

so in my past couple years, i’ve noticed a few places where people fall short on skills they were expected to have, myself included. note that this is a list of these skills, but there are tons tons of masterposts out there on how to work on each one. I’ll also try to link them, but i’ll def miss a few. here’s a few of such skills:

how to do a presentation

slides tips

preparation tips

tips for during your presentation

personal comments:

as fast as you can, learn how to not read off slides - i feel like i’ve been told this several hundred times in the past by teachers, and honestly it will make your presentation be a lot more engaging!

people have different ways of presenting. Some people like to present without any notes. Some like the speaker notes on powerpoint. Some like flashcards. Some like printed notes that they actually never even look at because they rehearsed ten times before the actual presentation, but prefer to have on them as a safety net and something for my hands to hold onto so they don’t fidget around (me). You need to figure out which one works best for you!

how to write

when you forgot about an essay until ten hours before (but still in general)

how to approach an essay

writing the essay (simple outline that seems pretty good)

personal comments:

things I didn’t find: how to research. This is also very important because learning how to accumulate knowledge is an important skill to know. Learn how to use your local library. Learn how to use the search database system. Learn how to read papers (academic papers). Learn how to make citations.

When you have like twenty sources you’re juggling, organize them by what they’re about, or what body paragraph of yours they correspond to. for example, i just wrote an essay about mariachi, and had papers about educational programs (which was a couple paragraphs), and other papers about the history of mariachi (which was another couple of paragraphs), so separating them kept me organized.

but as said before, learning how to read papers has actually been very important to me, especially in a STEM field. First learn to read papers in your field, then learn how to read papers outside it, because chances are at some point, you’ll need to read a review of some field you’d never thought of before.

how to code - shameless plug by cs kid

learn the fundamentals of programming - i would more suggest a youtube series or an mit ocw or edx series for this. personally i dont really think codeacademy works well here bc it more teaches you the syntax rather than coding strategies or the thought process behind coding, but thats personal

learn syntax - codeacademy or tutorialspoint are personal gotos for me because they sum up really quickly language syntax in readable language for someone not familiar with the language yet

algorithms - EVER WONDER WHAT PEOPLE MEAN BY QUICKSORT here it is jk this is the sole reason i passed my algorithms class last semester

personal comments:

yes this was a shameless plug but in many many industries, knowing how to code will separate you. it’s almost essential to know if you’re into STEM fields, and even in other industries, having that kind of problem solving ability is important to have in general.

if you’re going to code like for serious, its very important to learn the fundamentals of coding and coding principles very well rather than speeding thru languages. focus on one language, learn to use it very well and solve lots of problems with it, and then you’ll find picking up other languages will be really easy

how to learn by yourself

languages - learning languages is a good summary of learning anything by yourself. also tumblr has masterposts for literally any language. use the search function

any other topic [college geared, but not exclusive to] - try edx, mitx, mit ocw, coursera. these all offer recorded or online versions of college courses. can confirm that we here also use ocw to prep for our own courses lmao

lots and lots of colleges now offer online content. try googling for it

so in high school i found a few good sites, but am still finding these places. here a few links i really enjoyed

boundless - IMMA TELL YOU THIS SITE CARRIED ME THRU AP BIO

for real though, lots of good content on here, and they also summarize every section into key bullets, which was really helpful for me, its really a hidden gem

wikipedia - sooo if you’re looking for a quick intro to a subject, its really not that bad as people say it is. i still use it pretty often. just dont cite it (if youre looking for research sources, go to the original source), and make sure its cited by some trustworthy source at the bottom

learning anything by yourself takes dedication and scheduling. having a plan increases the chances of following through tenfold.

how to present yourself

resume tips - note that different fields will have slightly different resumes. For example CS might have a side projects section - science might have a publications section. Note your own planned field of study and learn how people there might structure

career fair tips

interview tips

interview tips pt 2

personal comments:

I couldn’t find a good masterpost, but networking is also really important and going to local events and how to talk to people there. How you present yourself is also different from field to field, and how you learn to do so, I think, is when talking to mentors or upperclassmen from your field.

random tip - if you say you know something, please actually know it

how to manage time

there are like ten thousand posts out there on this ...probably because its IMPORTANT

time management tips

organization tips - lots of times, the reason you’re wasting time is because you’re disorganized!

managing time while working

tips in visual form

personal comments:

this is what works for me: to-do lists, devotion to google calendar and living and breathing an organized life (ie i make sure my room is [vaguely] clean)

know your strengths...and weaknesses

if you know a class is easier for you, you’re not necessarily going to need to schedule as much time for it as another class that might be harder, or you could you use smaller chunks of time in between other time slots for that class

hitting a rough spot of procrastination? take a shower, work out or go get water or make a cup of tea, or better yet, write an informative long studyblr post

how to cook SOMETHING

i’m not asking you to know how to cook a five course meal, but at least know how to fry an egg or do a basic pasta or something because the freshmen meal plan does not last forever

how to cook/food in college - basic tips for cooking and buying food/things on a budget too

buzzfeed is surprisingly good for easy manageable recipes

personal comments:

i first learned how to fry and scramble an egg. i now prefer making a kickass omelet, but usu i settle for the five minute fried egg

i next learned to make pasta, first cooking pasta and then mixing it in with store bought sauce, but lately i’ve been experimenting with like different homemade garlic/oil/cream sauces

i once upon steamed vegetables in the microwave and it wasnt horrible! that being said, dumping vegetables into boiling water isnt too bad my friends

frozen food from trader joes is your friend

ok hopefully this was informative/useful. sorry i havent posted in a month, i was overseas and then came back to campus and was bedriddenly sick for a week. on that note i just saw a mouse run by so i need to make sure my door’s closed. thanks guys!

#studyblr #college #masterpost #college tips #general

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dekored · 4 years ago

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Furniture placement for soundproofing?

Hi everyone not sure if this is the right place to ask so if anyone has an idea of a more pertinent sub to post this in please let me know, thank you all in advance for your help! 🙏🏻😁

Moving out to a 3½, basically two rooms with neighbors on each side and a wall separating both rooms. Coming from a place where I can hear every word my neighbors say, I'm looking to have as much privacy as possible when speaking. I've heard that putting the couch next to the shared wall will help absorb the sound there and project voices away from that wall which'll further soundproof it. However, I'm scared that the fact that the voices would then be right next to the wall when speaking while sitting on the couch would counter these effects and that all in all it'd end up making the voices pass through more than if I put it on the opposite wall... Both walls are about a dozen feet apart and there'll be a TV (speakers will be placed to the left or right of this setup so sound won't be coming from the TV either way) and a low entertainment shelf on the wall opposite the couch but nothing much to block sound so my gut tells me the couch on the shared wall will give the best results.

If anyone who knows what they're talking about could tell me if the close proximity of the noise source to the shared wall would cancel out the combined benefits of the couch's sound absorbing properties paired with the sound being projected away from the shared wall that would really help me tremendously! 😇🙏🏻

submitted by /u/514jam [link] [comments] from The Hivemind Improving Homes https://ift.tt/32WqWYr

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ofcounseltech · 4 years ago

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Many Hands Make Light Work

In the second installation of our Collaboration Series, we are going to discuss the use of document sharing with tools such as Google Docs, Office 365, and DropBox. These software packages allow documents to be drafted, viewed, and formatted by multiple parties in multiple locations. The most obvious upside to working with document collaboration tools is the ability for people in different locations and different time zones working on the same document at the same time. In the last year, we have all experienced an increased need to have multiple individuals work on documents while not being able to be in the same physical location.

That being said, we can’t ignore the fact that these collaboration tools present certain risks if they are used improperly. With multiple users, changes to documents are being made without other collaborators knowledge, are being made at different times of the day (and night), and sometimes it can be difficult to know, or be guaranteed, that you are looking at the most recent document version, the most reliable version, or a version that will be unchanged in the future.

In the legal world, there are typically three scenarios that document sharing is best used: 1) collaborating with fellow attorneys in your firm, 2) sharing files with clients, and 3) sharing and collaborating on files with opposing counsel. We cover the benefits and challenges of these three situations below.

Collaborating In House

In today's Covid world, collaboration in many forms has become absolutely necessary. When our world gets back to normal, and law offices start becoming more populated, many of the tools and the capabilities they provide, and we have learned how to use seamlessly, will not become obsolete. One of these capabilities is having multiple users all working within the same document in real time or at separate moments. For any law firm with more than one attorney, or a sole practitioner working with a co-counsel, most of us appreciate having another attorney take a look at our legal writing and filings. We may not be looking for a “co-author” per se, but sometimes it is nice to have a second set of eyes look at our documents just to double-check administrative details, language usage, proper citation form, and sometimes just the punctuation.

A tool like Google Docs is ideal for this type of situation. Once a document is created, access to the document can be shared with really anybody you like, but let's start with fellow attorneys, paralegals, or secretaries inside your firm. Once the sharing is set, those people can add comments, make textual changes, content additions or deletions, and formatting modifications. In fact, two people can be “inside” the document at the same time and work together with the proofreading or document creation. These two people can technically be anywhere in the world but let’s make this simple and place them across the hall from each other at different desks and simply working together through speaker phones to edit and fine-tune the document. It sure beats the days of having someone reading over the shoulder of the person who is at the keyboard—if you had more than one person working on a document, it was really a mess.

We will use Google Docs for our examples, but most document sharing editors will have similar functions. When you invite someone to collaborate, there are a couple different levels of “editing rights”. If you're sharing a document with someone and give them the full editing rights, you have given that person full access to view the document, the ability to modify it, the ability to add comments, the ability to accept or reject “suggested” modifications and comments, the ability to reformat, the ability to add content, and the ability to delete content. Fundamentally, granting someone full editing rights is effectively making them a co-author to the document for all intents and purposes.

The next level of editing rights allows the collaborator to create what we might think of as a “redlined” document. Google Docs calls this mode “suggesting”. Other programs provide similar capabilities with different names and mechanics of how to set it up; to keep things simple, in this article we will stick with Google Docs in our examples.. This level of access allows someone to make suggested changes that will turn up in the document as an identified—but not made—change. This “redline” change has to be accepted by the actual author/owner of the document, or, technically, anyone who has full editing rights.

The third type of document collaboration access is the basic “viewing rights”. This really just means that you have shared the document with someone so they can view it and acknowledge its existence without any real ability to manipulate the document in any way. This may be beneficial with a large group of people who need to see your working version but will allow you to avoid too many cooks in the kitchen.

Security for Sharing with Collaborators

In setting up any kind of collaboration situation, there are several security concerns that need to be addressed. The first is who controls, and has access, to the original document. As we mentioned above, there are various levels of access and ability to manipulate the document. Understanding who has these rights, and who doesn't, is very important to the success of the document. Access to these different levels can be very granular, meaning that they can be granted on an individual basis, as well as to entire named groups. Not all collaborators need to have editing rights, and not all collaborators need to be suggesting. Each individual collaborator can be given different levels of access.

Similarly, this access can be revoked, per user, at any time. Anyone who has editing rights, can go in and see who is part of the collaboration team and can change that access. This is another consideration when you are giving access. In other words, if you are giving full editing rights to a fellow collaborator, understand they have the ability to grant rights to others as well. Even if you as the owner and original creator give 10 people only suggesting rights, the ability for them to change others is denied. This is important.

Sharing Files with Clients

The second scenario that comes up with document collaboration is sharing with clients. There are two situations where this occurs: when the client sends files to the attorney and when the attorney sends files to the client. We’ll start with when clients want to send documents.

Early on in every new matter, there comes a point where you are probably going to ask your client for all the documents that have any relation to the matter at hand. This typically includes any photographs, contracts, handwritten notes, invoices, or there materials that would relate to the matter at hand. Inevitably the client asks the question, “how much do you want?” To which every attorney always replies “I want it all.” That is just the nature of attorneys; we generally want everything and then will judge what is relevant and what is not.

A digital “dropbox” or a “data room” up in the cloud may be ideal for this scenario. The dropbox is just what it sounds like: it is a digital file folder that clients can upload digital documents to. Everything the client has relating to the matter can be stored digitally. (Seriously, data rooms can be set up with terabytes of storage space.) You can ask your client to have everything they have in hard copy digitally scanned, and then have them upload the entire digital file including any relevant Word documents, Excel spreadsheets, whatever they have. By putting the documents in one digital location, both the client and the attorneys have access to these documents.

A word of caution: most attorneys know that sharing documents with clients can be tricky business. Clients often lean towards inundating an attorney with documents. This may have some drawbacks, but not nearly as damaging as when the client decides what is important and what is not. Don't get me wrong, we all “love” our clients, but as attorneys we understand that they may be seeing a matter in a very different light than we do and their definition of what is important and more critically, what is not may differ radically from ours.

Again, just to clarify, it’s not that we don't trust our clients, but once these documents are uploaded it can be a good idea to move the files into a folder in which they do not have full access. As the matter progresses, the last thing you need is for the client to decide that a particular document is embarrassing or, in their opinion, not relevant. With full ongoing access, the client could reach back into an editable dropbox and remove that document without your knowledge. We are not advocating doing anything unethical, or treating the client as an adversary, but just know that once the document is on your system and has been disclosed to you, you may be deemed to be responsible for understanding its contents and certainly, as a good attorney, you're going to want to know at minimum that the document exists.

The second situation comes when an attorney wants to share a document with the client. Some more sophisticated clients with corporate legal departments, or a more savvy legal client, may actually want to see copies of pleadings, opposing counsel's exhibits, hearing notices, or draft draft discovery requests coming out of your office. In this case, generally avoid sharing source files (i.e., Word Documents, Spreadsheets, and forms where the results and contents can be easily modified). It is better practice to use something like a PDF file. Instead of sending files to clients, create or upload a PDF to a Google Drive folder and share it with the client with a link to the document.

Security for Sharing with Clients

Using a link gives you more control over the document access. You can revoke their access to the document at any time and the document resides on your system. Of course they can always make a copy of the document - but the official or the working version is yours.

By using a PDF, there is an added benefit. The client will see the document as you see it no matter what computer, operating system, or software they use to view it. If, say, this is a contract and you want their feedback on it (i.e., collaboration), then you do want to grant them access to the source document (i.e., Google Doc) and give them suggesting” permission which lets them annotate the document, but you must approve the changes. Do not forget to revoke their permission to edit the document (even if it’s only suggesting) once they have given all of their input to you.

You don’t want the client to think they can still make changes to the document once it has been submitted elsewhere. A worse situation would be if the client made changes to a document after your “final review” but before you sent it out and didn’t tell you, and now there are some “surprises” lurking in your document. You don’t want to learn about them in the middle of a hearing or during contract negotiations.

Sharing Files with Opposing Counsel

The third common scenario is sharing documents with opposing counsel. This happens actually more than most people realize. Anyone who has litigated knows that if you really are getting close to trial, judges will often want a joint exhibits list or stipulated pre-trial orders. Judges may also want the attorneys to agree beforehand to the validity of a document to avoid all kinds of objections, examinations, and verifications of documents during trial. Situations like creating joint settlement agreements, joint pretrial orders, stipulations to adjourn dates and other items like that can definitely speed up the process in getting everyone on board to stipulate to a particular order or evidentiary ruling.

As described above, there are a couple different ways to do this. If the document needing to be shared is an original drafted document, the sharing/redlining tools work well. If you need to create and distribute a common group of exhibits or similar collection of documents, having a shared folder/drop box with the documents can be of great benefit in this situation.

Security for Sharing with Opposing Counsel

Like everything else we have discussed, there are some security issues. Similar to our prior blog entry regarding Zoom (Is This Thing On?), if an attorney has the ability to “take control” of this process, it really does behoove them to do so. If you are in control of who is being who has access to the document, what their level of access is, and the ability to track all of the changes, then you really are in the position to trust but verify.

In other words, you trust opposing counsel generally, at least we hope so, and by the time you're working jointly you certainly would like to feel that you are at least trying to achieve the same goal or satisfy the same court directive. If you are the owner of the document, it certainly allows you the ability to take control over the situation and make sure that the document is accurate to the parties’ intentions. Please do not construe this ‘control’ as any kind of suggestion of how to bend the rules and make some strategic final change at the midnight hour with no one knowing. Don't do that. Doing something like that could not only quickly end your collaboration, but it could start your incarceration.

Kill the Access

As a caveat to all of these collaboration scenarios, all collaboration must come to an end. In other words, at some point in a shared document’s life, like all good things, it must end. If you are in control, and the Joint Resolution has been signed and ratified by the judge, the Settlement Agreements are signed and the ink is dry, the matter has been tried and the appellate deadlines have run, it's time to kill the project. It's time to close the doors to all of the outside collaborators. If they need access to the document down the road, they can contact you. If they have saved their own copy — that's fine. It may not be the most recent but that's not really your concern.

This is very important to do. The Internet does not forget. If you grant access to a document to someone today, and you don't revoke it, for the life of that document they will have access. That document could be buried deep inside your hard drive and could be a decade-old, but they will continue to have access to that document. It may not matter, it may be a stale document, it may be out of date, or it may have no relevance, but just understand that the person(s) with access could still be crawling around inside your drive or folder.

Also, be aware that you are not actually sharing it with a person, rather you are sharing it with an ID tag, typically an email address. Generally there is a one-to-one correspondence with an ID to a person, but it could be a role, like [email protected] or even [email protected]. The person who originally had the role (and the access) may not be the same person (who now has access) ten years later. As stated above, if they have a need for that information, they can contact you and you can grant them access to it.

Use document sharing tools. They can help you collaborate easily where multiple people simultaneously need to edit or view a document. You can grant and revoke permissions to people to be able to upload documents, read them, make suggestions and comments, and edit. Follow best practices for security and be aware of what you’re doing and who has access to what. Follow the principle of “least privilege” where only people with a need get access to resources and the access they are granted is to do only what they need to do. Remove access when the task is complete. Be careful to maintain data integrity on files — in other words to make sure no one has changed things while you’re not looking.

Be aware of security and use it to protect your data. But at the same time, use the technology that lets you share data with those who need it as part of the normal course of business.

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alpha-copy-alpha · 4 years ago

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How to Check Video Quality Before Joining a Google Meet Call

In this article, we have discussed the ways using which you can check the video quality before you join a call on Google Meet. You may relate to this article if you’re among the individuals who usually prefer keeping their PC’s camera and microphone in a disabled mode. For instance, you joined an official meeting and proceeded to say something, and while you make a move, you suddenly realize you haven’t enabled the microphone. So, to prevent these kinds of issues, recently, Google Meet has introduced a new feature knows as“Green Room,” using which a user can check if the microphone, camera, internet connectivity, and speaker are working well or not. On that note, let’s proceed with the instructions to use this feature.

Check Video Quality Before Joining a Google Meet Call

You may follow the instructions listed below to check the video quality before you join a call on Google Meet.

Launch the Google Meet app in order to access the green room. Head over to the waiting room. Create a new meeting or click on the invite link if you are invited to attend a meeting. Doing this will automatically bring you to the waiting room.

Once you are brought to the waiting room, you will observe a new button appearing on the video feed’s left side at the bottom stating, “Check your audio and video.” You need to tap on that button so as to open the green room.

Separate sections related to the speaker, microphone, and camera can be seen on openingthe green room. Tap on any of your preferred options to make customizations in its settings. After ensuring that all the settings are set appropriately, tap on “Next.”

On the page appearing further, you can record a short sample in order to check how the customized settings are performing and how your appearance will be in the meeting. You don’t need to worry about this short clip as it won’t get saved anywhere and will only be visible to you. Further, you need to click on Start in order to record the clip.

Later, after a while, you can check the recorded video clip by playing it. This will give you a general idea of how your video will perform while you are on a call.

You will also be shown the results below the video clip. You can take an overview of these results in order to understand the quality and performance of your video in a better way. The company also offers a tips and tricks section where you can position yourself at the central position of the camera and prevent bright lights from appearing behind you.

That’s it. This was all about how to troubleshoot Google Meet issues before you start/join a meeting. The “Green Room” feature’s introduction might be a subtle change;however, it would prove to be helpful for the individuals who rely on Google Meet for attending the meetings. So, have you tried “Green Room” yet? Do let us know in the comment section below.

Wilder Zayn is a self-professed security expert; he has been making the people aware of the security threats. His passion is to write about Cyber security,cryptography, malware, social engineering, internet and new media. He writes officec.com/setup security products.

Source: https://office-product-key.com/how-to-check-video-quality-before-joining-a-google-meet-call/

#Video_Quality #Joining #Google #Meet_Call

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dailydb0 · 7 years ago

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How to optimize images/files for the web, save bandwidth, storage, and a lot of money

A question that any web developer had to ask themselves at some point in their life. It describes my journey through assets optimization with some examples, but mostly ideas to start your own research. Enjoy!

Why optimize assets?

1. Cost

Some of my websites are centered around images. A lot of images. When I launched them, I naively hosted everything, including static files and uploaded images, to a single EC2 instance. As soon as it got some users, my bill, unsurprisingly, skyrocketed.

2. Speed

While it's easy to jump to the conclusion that most people have modern computers and fast, reliable internet download speed, one must not forget that we are also still in the middle of the mobile era. 4G is slowly getting better, but can still be slow and costly for your users. Though the cost is not on your side, loading large image files on mobile data can affect user experience and drive your users away.

On my side, I also have to take into account the international aspects of my websites. They target English speakers worldwide, and in particular, attracts the South East Asian crowd, which, unfortunately, in many cases, has to rely on slow and unreliable internet.

How to optimize assets?

After years of running these images-centered websites, I went through a bunch of steps, one at a time, to reduce costs and improve user experience. In this article, I'll go through some ideas you can follow yourself, so, unlike me, you can skip the hassle for your future self and have everything ready now!

This article is purely based on my own experience and might not be 100% complete. As I continue on my journey to optimization, I'll make sure to update it. Feel free to comment your own ideas as well!

1. Basics

These should be pretty obvious to anybody with a tiny bit of experience making websites, but I'll list them anyway, for exhaustivity.

Some are more general assets related and not just images, and some might not make a big difference based on your usage. If you're not familiar with them, use them as a base to do your own research!

Resize your images

If your image is resized to 300x300px using CSS, might as well store your image in 300x300px, or you're loading an image that's bigger than needed.

Even in a responsive design, you generally know the limit at which your image can be displayed. For example, if you're using a Bootstrap container and have your image use img-responsive, you know that your image will never be displayed at more than 1170px width.

For SEO purpose, you might want search engines to have access to the high quality image, allowing your website to show up first in Image Search. What I personally do is provide an a href link to the full size image. This way, most of your users will only load the small version, but the larger version will still be available for both your users and search engines.

Use images sprites

This method is used widely, not just for websites, but also for game optimization. The idea is to put many small images loaded frequently (navigation icons, for example) into a single image, loaded once.

You then use a div with this image as a background, properly positioned to only show the image you want.

You can learn more about this method on W3Cschool.

Use SVG

Not only are SVG files much smaller, they can also be upscaled infinitely! Of course, SVG files won't work on photographs, but they're perfect for simple icons.

You can learn more about SVG files on SVGOnTheWeb.

Use fonts for icons

Just like SVG files, vector fonts can also scale infinitely and are pretty light weight, making them a great choice for icons around your website.

Many fixed sets of commonly used icons are available, the most famous one being FontAwesome.

If you want to make your own selection, I recommend using FlatIcon, which generates font files and the CSS that comes with it for you. That's the one I personally use the most and I recommend it.

FlatIcon doesn't let you provide your own icons, but Fontastic does, so you might want to consider it instead.

Minify your CSS and Javascript

Not related to images, but when optimizing for the web, it's better not to cut corners. Minifying is a well known method to reduce your files sizes by removing white space and renaming variables. It makes the source files very hard to read for human beings, but perfectly fine for your browser.

Many tools exist to minify your static files, including desktop clients, command line tools, and even online tools. Many full-featured deployment / continuous delivery tools and libraries come with minifiers as well.

I personally let CloudFlare minify static files for me, which I'll talk about below.

For websites that rely heavily on Javascript libraries, you might want to look into WebPack, which bundles your static sources for you, among many other features.

Use CDNs

CDN hosted files are optimized by being hosted closer to your end user and being heavily cached at multiple levels. Using CDNs also allows a user using multiple websites that use the same libraries to only load it once for both.

I personally use cdnjs, but many free CDNs exist for the most common Javascript and CSS libraries.

2. Storage: S3

After my EC2 nightmare bill I mentioned earlier, my first step to save money was then to host all my static files and uploaded content to S3.

S3 Storage is cheap, but you still pay for bandwidth, which we'll talk about below.

If you know your target demographic, you can pick the right region to speed up loading on your users’ end.

Below is the pricing for S3 in North Virginia. You can check the current pricing and pricing for different regions directly on AWS official website.

As you can see, S3's cost for storage is close to nothing.

You may also pick different storage options such as Standard Infrequent Access if your files are not loaded frequently (duh).

Glacier is another long-term, infrequent access storage. However, I do not recommend it for the web, as storage will be cheap but accessing your files will be very pricey. It's useful for archives of rarely used and not easily accessible files, such as old logs or backups.

Creating an S3 bucket is easy as ABC, so I won't go through that today.

Updating your static images/files on S3

For small, infrequently updated websites, you can opt for manual update. Whenever a file needs to be updated, open the AWS console and upload your files there. That's it!

If your website gets updated frequently, uploading them manually can be a hassle. I suggest to look into Continuous Delivery and the recommended tools for it depending on the web framework you're using. Many web frameworks also come with tools or libraries to automatically update your S3 bucket. GitHub can also provides hooks whenever you push to master, for example. Continuous Integration tools like Travis-CI can make use of these hooks to upload artifacts to S3 after a successful build.

User-uploaded files on S3

Files uploaded by your users should also go straight to S3. Many libraries exist for most web frameworks that let you configure your AWS key/secret and a bunch of other parameters to upload to S3.

If you use a server-side web framework, you may also consider reducing the load on your server by letting your front-end (ie Javascript) handle S3 uploading.

Frequent problems:

I want to use my own domain

You'll need a separate sub-domain for your assets (For example, website.com → s.website.com).

Your S3 bucket should be named exactly like your sub-domain.

Files don't get reloaded

Files get cached by your users’ browsers. You can ask your users to force reload the page, but it's not convenient, and if you opt for the caching solution I'll explain below, that won't work either.

To solve this, I append a version to my files. For example, instead of:

I'll load:

The "version" variable can be something you manually update either per file or for all files, or something provided by your continuous delivery library/tool. Some frameworks have built-in support

Make sure the "version" is not always different (such as using the current date and time, which I've seen recommended multiple times on StackOverflow), and only changes when it needs to. Because if it's always different, files will always be reloaded, losing the whole point of caching files, and pretty much the point of this article :)

Files are not accessible (Permission denied)

When you upload your files on S3, make sure you grant public access to the files.

I get cross origin errors

If you're loading fonts or dynamic javascript files though other javascript files, you'll need to update your Cross-Origin policy under your S3 bucket settings, which is currently under "Permissions" then "CORS configuration".

Here's an extensive example:

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?> <CORSConfiguration xmlns="http://s3.amazonaws.com/doc/2006-03-01/"> <CORSRule> <AllowedOrigin>*</AllowedOrigin> <AllowedMethod>GET</AllowedMethod> <AllowedMethod>HEAD</AllowedMethod> <AllowedMethod>POST</AllowedMethod> <AllowedMethod>PUT</AllowedMethod> <MaxAgeSeconds>3000</MaxAgeSeconds> <ExposeHeader>Content-Length</ExposeHeader> <AllowedHeader>Authorization</AllowedHeader> </CORSRule> </CORSConfiguration>

In most simple cases, you won't need ExposeHeader and AllowedMethod POST and PUT, so make sure you only add the configurations you need after testing.

Alternatives to consider:

Google Cloud Storage

3. Bandwidth: Caching with CloudFlare

CloudFlare has a free tier that comes packed with many incredible features that make managing your own website a bliss.

Though I originally used it to help counter DDOS attacks, I won't go over that nor any other CloudFlare features because it's not the point of this article. Visit CloudFlare's website to learn more about it.

CloudFlare caches your assets, for free.

Registering to CloudFlare is extremely easy. Just follow the guide you see when you sign up, which will ask you to change your DNS servers, and you're good to go.

Once CloudFlare is configured, visit the "Caching" and "Speed" tabs to see the options and change them to suit your needs.

I mentioned earlier that some of my websites are image-centric. Here's an example:

Above is one of my websites that gets on average around 100 000 monthly unique visitors.

With CloudFlare properly configure, around 97% of the time, the content loaded by my users comes from CloudFlare's cache and doesn't even hit my S3 server.

That's around 6.6 TB of bandwidth saved per month. Considering that S3 storage is cheap, but bandwidth makes most of the cost, this means I save around $600 / month, which for a small website like this is very significant.

I also mentioned earlier that minifying your Javascript and CSS files might not be much, but bandwidth can easily add up, so you don't want to cut corners on that.

Well, good news: CloudFlare also has an option to automatically minify these files for you!

Be careful when minifying HTML if you're using "pre" tags or "white-space: pre", or in other words, if you want to keep you new lines. The minifier will collapse any instance of multiple new lines into a single new line, which can visually affect your website.

4. Optimize images with close to lossless compression

I mentioned earlier that some of my websites are images-centered. To put that into perspective, the most loaded page of one of my website loads around 100 images, all of which around 800px width.

For this reason, I had to go one step further to optimize my images and ensure that the file size is as small as it could possibly be, without sacrificing how images look.

I've been using TinyPNG for years to save on bandwidth for most of my websites.

TinyPNG is proprietary software provided through an API. It comes with a price tag, but unless you process a lot of images every month, you won't have to worry about, because the first 500 compressions are free.

You can calculate how much it could potentially cost you using the price calculator.

On average, it will reduce the size of your PNG and JPG images to 60% less without affecting it to the naked eye.

Multiple alternatives exist, notably the free open-source python library and command line tool Crunch.

I have tested the same files using Crunch to compare how it performs:

Though it performs significantly less than TinyPNG, it still averages at around 47%. It's also worth noting that it is much slower, though I don't believe you should worry about this for reasons I'll explain below.

TinyPNG also has many open libraries available making it very easy to integrate with any language of your choice.

Also keep in mind that even though you don't need to pay per compression when using Crunch, you'll still need to pay for the extra processing power - which should be cheaper, but not free.

Regardless of which option you go for, keep in mind that image optimization is slow and therefore should be done asynchronously.

To do so, you can:

Use a queue such as RabbitMQ or a good old crontab

Use AWS Lambda or an equivalent

Conclusion

Many solutions and tools exist, and this is really just a base to help you get started with the right mindset.

Make sure your understand your needs and your budget, your target and how you perform through analytics and monitoring, and prioritize based on that.

Happy programming!

TL;DR

Reduce your files' size to the minimum required, and go further in compression if you can

Keep in mind storage and bandwidth

Use smart, optimized and geographically well-chosen storage solutions

Cache, cache, and cache again

Images credit: Icons designed by Freepik, Icon Monk and turkkub from Flaticon and licensed by CC 3.0 BY. Screenshots and logos from AWS S3, CloudFlare and TinyPNG come from their respective websites.

#code #web optimization #tinypng #cloudflare #aws #aws s3 #s3 #storage #bandwidth

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