#mbts accelerator

[finorchem]

Rubber Processing Aids Chemical Manufacturer | Call +91-33-22826195

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[moutainchem]

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[qualityassurance11]

Automation in Test Design - Enhancing Efficiency with GhostQA

In today’s fast-paced software development world, manual test design fails to keep up with rapid releases and evolving application features. Test automation has become essential, but automating test design itself is the next big step in ensuring high-quality software with minimal effort. 

Automated test design reduces human errors, improves test coverage, and integrates seamlessly with modern DevOps and workflows. This is where GhostQA plays a key role by offering an AI-powered test automation solution that generates, optimizes, and executes test cases efficiently. 

In this blog, we’ll explore the importance of automating test design, key approaches, benefits, and how GhostQA is transforming the landscape of test automation. 

Why Automate Test Design? 

Automating test design is about removing manual bottlenecks and allowing software teams to: 

Speed Up Test Case Generation – Automated tools like GhostQA create test cases within minutes, reducing manual effort. 

Enhance Test Coverage – AI-driven automation ensures all critical scenarios are tested, including edge cases. 

Improve Accuracy – Eliminates human errors in designing test cases, resulting in more reliable testing. 

Support Scalability – Automated test design adapts to continuous changes in Agile and DevOps pipelines. 

Reduce Costs – Less manual intervention means lower testing costs and faster time-to-market. 

With AI and machine learning transforming QA, GhostQA simplifies test automation by providing smart test design solutions that accelerate testing processes. 

Key Approaches to Automating Test Design 

1. Model-Based Test Design (MBT) 

Model-Based Testing (MBT) automates test generation by creating visual models of an application’s behavior. Instead of manually writing test cases, testers define models that automatically generate test cases. 

How GhostQA Helps: 

GhostQA simplifies model-based test generation by analyzing application workflows and creating automated test cases. 

Optimized test selection ensures maximum coverage while avoiding redundant tests. 

2. AI and Machine Learning in Test Design 

AI-driven test design uses historical test data, user behavior, and risk analysis to predict and generate the most relevant test cases. 

How GhostQA Helps: 

AI-Powered Test Creation – GhostQA analyzes test data patterns to generate the most impactful test cases. 

Self-Healing Test Scripts – If the UI changes, GhostQA automatically updates scripts to reduce maintenance effort. 

3. Scriptless Test Automation 

Traditional test scripting requires programming knowledge, but scriptless automation allows testers to create automated tests without coding. 

How GhostQA Helps: 

Drag-and-Drop Interface – GhostQA offers a scriptless test design, making it accessible for both testers and developers. 

Faster Execution – Automates repetitive tasks, reducing test creation time by up to 70%. 

4. Risk-Based Test Design 

Not all tests have the same impact; some are more critical than others. Risk-based test automation prioritizes tests based on business impact and risk analysis. 

How GhostQA Helps: 

AI-Powered Risk Analysis – GhostQA automatically identifies high-risk areas and prioritizes test execution accordingly. 

Intelligent Test Selection – Reduces test execution time while maintaining high software quality. 

Challenges in Automating Test Design 

Even with automation, test design comes with challenges: 

Choosing the Right Tools – Selecting an automation tool that integrates well. 

Initial Setup Effort – Configuring AI-driven automation requires a learning curve. 

Maintenance Overhead – Automated tests require updates when application logic changes. 

GhostQA addresses these challenges by offering:  ✔ Seamless Integration with DevOps pipelines.  ✔ AI-Driven Adaptive Testing to minimize test maintenance.  ✔ Pre-Built Testing Frameworks to reduce setup efforts. 

GhostQA – The Future of Automated Test Design 

Why GhostQA Stands Out? 

AI-Driven Test Design – Generates optimized test cases without manual effort. 

Automated Test Execution – Runs tests across multiple environments with one-click execution. 

Self-Healing Scripts – Detects UI changes and updates test cases automatically. 

Faster Bug Detection – Real-time analytics help identify issues early in the development cycle. 

Scalable Testing – Supports web, mobile, and cloud-based applications effortlessly. 

Best Practices for Implementing Automated Test Design 

Define Clear Objectives – Identify which areas of test design can be automated for maximum efficiency. 

Use AI-Driven and Model-Based Tools – Leverage tools like GhostQA to optimize test design and execution. 

Integrate Seamlessly – Ensure test automation aligns with continuous development cycles. 

Regularly Update Automated Tests – Adapt test cases as the application evolves to maintain accuracy. 

Conclusion 

Automation in test design is no longer optional – it’s a necessity in today’s Agile and DevOps-driven world. GhostQA simplifies and accelerates test automation by leveraging AI, machine learning, and model-based testing to create high-quality, reliable test cases. 

By automating test case generation, execution, and maintenance, GhostQA enables software teams to deliver bug-free applications faster, with minimal effort. 

Ready to transform your test design process? Try GhostQA today and experience the future of test automation! 

[finorchem]

Vulcanisation is the chemical process of transforming raw, sticky rubber into the strong, elastic material we use for everything from tires to toys. The process makes the rubber tougher, more durable and capable of handling the wear and tear of everyday life. However, the equipment needed for this process is outsourced from a rubber chemicals accelerator supplier in India. 

[donghaichemical]

Accelerator DM（MBTS）

Web:https://www.yg-1.com/product/rubber-accelerator/accelerator-dm-mbts-1.html

Light yellow powder, slightly bitter and non-toxic. Specific gravity 1.45-1.54, melting point above 160°C, soluble in chloroform, partially soluble in benzene, ethanol, carbon tetrachloride, insoluble in gasoline, water and ethyl alcohol. Storage is stable.

[waaaiz]

Weapon Mounts Market Research Report

Growth opportunities in the Weapon Mounts Market look promising over the next six years. This is mainly due to the surge in the investments in the military for purchasing weapon and the rising adoption of rotorcraft and aircraft.

Request for a FREE Sample Report on Weapon Mounts Market

Weapon Mounts Market Dynamics (including market size, share, trends, forecast, growth, forecast, and industry analysis)

Key Drivers

The augmenting acquisition of aircraft, rotorcraft, and armed vehicles by the militaries coupled with the ongoing developments in the naval platform across countries are the prominent drivers stimulating the growth of the global weapon mounts market. Also, the surge in the implementation of combat aircraft drives, increasing requirement of machine guns, sniper rifles, and the acceleration in the investments to purchase military weapons and armored vehicles further strengthen the weapon mounts market size. Moreover, the escalating preference towards implementing remote-controlled weapon stations and constant initiatives for accomplishing the modernization plans coupled with the ongoing technological up-gradation for their design will supplement the market growth. However, the prerequisite of excessive technical skills for the production of these weapons will curb the weapon mounts market share.

Platform Segment Drivers

Based on the platform, Naval is projected to witness a faster CAGR during the forecast period. This is primarily attributed to the improvement in the streamline of naval platforms and regular enhancement of weapon systems on the ships like corvettes and frigates. Moreover, the mounting adoption of these ships, primarily in countries like China, India, and the US, also promote the market growth.

Regional Drivers

Based on the regional coverage, Asia-Pacific is predicted to dominate the market during the forecast period. This is because of the extending stipulation of armored vehicles and helicopters. In addition to it, the accumulating endowment by countries, including China and India, for defense technology will propel the market growth.

Weapon Mounts Market’s leading Manufacturers:

·        Capco LLC

·        Ohio Ordnance Works, Inc.

·        FN Herstal

·        Leonardo S.P.A

·        AEI Systems Ltd.

·        Dillon Aero

·        Crsystems Inc.

·        Fjord Defense AS

·        KNDS

·        Military Systems Group, Inc.

Weapon Mounts Market Segmentation:

Segmentation by Mount Type

·        Static Mounts

o   Coaxial Mounts

o   Turrets

o   Pintles/Pedestals

o   Fixed Mounts

o   Remote Weapon Stations

o   Swing Arm Mounts

·        Non-Static Mounts

o   Monopods

o   Bipods

o   Tripods

Segmentation by Platform

·        Naval

o   Destroyers

o   Aircraft Carriers

o   Frigates

o   Offshore Patrol Vessels (OPV)

o   Corvettes

·        Ground

o   Fixed Installation

o   Vehicle-Mounted

o   Infantry Fighting Vehicles (IFV)

o   Main Battle Tanks (MBT)

o   Armored Amphibious Vehicles (AAV)

o   Others

o   Dismounted Soldiers

·        Airborne

o   Attack Helicopters

o   Combat Aircraft

o   Special Mission Aircraft

Segmentation by Mode of Operation

·        Remotely Operated

·        Manned

Segmentation by Weapon Capability

·        Automatic Cannons

·        Machine Guns

o   Light Machine Guns (LMG)

o   Medium Machine Guns (MMG)

o   Heavy Machine Guns (HMG)

·        Automatic Rifles

·        Sniper Rifles

·        Gatling Guns

Segmentation by Region:

·        North America

o   United States of America

o   Canada

·        Asia Pacific

o   China

o   Japan

o   India

o   Rest of APAC

·        Europe

o   United Kingdom

o   Germany

o   France

o   Spain

o   Rest of Europe

·        RoW

o   Brazil

o   South Africa

o   Saudi Arabia

o   UAE

o   Rest of the world (remaining countries of the LAMEA region)

About GMI Research

GMI Research is a market research and consulting company that offers business insights and market research reports for large and small & medium enterprises. Our detailed reports help the clients to make strategic business policies and achieve sustainable growth in the particular market domain. The company's large team of seasoned analysts and industry experts with experience from different regions such as Asia-Pacific, Europe, North America, among others, provides a one-stop solution for the client. Our market research report has in-depth analysis, which includes refined forecasts, a bird's eye view of the competitive landscape, key factors influencing the market growth, and various other market insights to aid companies in making strategic decisions. Featured in the 'Top 20 Most Promising Market Research Consultants' list of Silicon India Magazine in 2018, we at GMI Research are always looking forward to helping our clients to stay ahead of the curve.

Media Contact Company Name: GMI RESEARCH Contact Person: Sarah Nash Email: enquiry@gmiresearch.com Phone: Europe – +353 1 442 8820; US – +1 860 881 2270 Address: Dublin, Ireland Website: www.gmiresearch.com

[electronicemergingtrends]

Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Market Size, Share, Trends & Analysis By Type, Regional Outlook, Industry Insights, Key Players and Applications Report 2021-2027

Global Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator market size will reach million US$ by 2027, from million US$ in 2020, at a CAGR of during the forecast period. In this study, 2020 has been considered as the base year and 2021-2027 as the forecast period to estimate the market size for Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator.

This industry studypresents the global Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator market size, historical breakdown data (2017-2020) and forecast (2021-2027). The Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator production, revenue and market share by manufacturers, key regions and type;

Read More: https://www.eternityinsights.com/report/rubber-vulcanization-accelerator-market

The consumption of Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator in volume terms are also provided for major countries (or regions), and for each application and product at the global level. Market share, growth rate, and competitive factors are also evaluated for market leaders Lanxess, Eastman, etc.

The following manufacturers are covered in this report:

·         Lanxess

·         Eastman

·         Agrofert

·         KUMHO PETROCHEMICAL

·         Arkema

·         Kemai Chemical

·         Sunsine

·         Shandong Yanggu Huatai Chemical

·         Jiangsu Sinorgchem Technology

·         Puyang Willing Chemicals

·         Sumitomo Chemical

·         Sanshin

·         King Industries

·         Stairchem

Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Breakdown Data by Type

·         MBT

·         MBTS

·         CBS

·         TBBS

·         MBS

·         Other

Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Breakdown Data by Application

·         Automotive

·         Medical

·         Industrial

·         Consumer Goods

Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Production by Region

·         United States

·         Europe

·         China

·         Japan

·         South Korea

·         India

·         Other Regions

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Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Consumption by Region

·         North America

·         United States

·         Canada

·         Mexico

·         Asia-Pacific

·         China

·         India

·         Japan

·         South Korea

·         Australia

·         Indonesia

·         Malaysia

·         Philippines

·         Thailand

·         Vietnam

·         Europe

·         Germany

·         France

·         UK

·         Italy

·         Russia

·         Rest of Europe

·         Central & South America

·         Brazil

·         Rest of South America

·         Middle East & Africa

·         GCC Countries

·         Turkey

·         Egypt

·         South Africa

·         Rest of Middle East & Africa

The study objectives are:

·         To analyze and research the global Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator status and future forecast?involving, production, revenue, consumption, historical and forecast.

·         To present the key Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator manufacturers, production, revenue, market share, SWOT analysis and development plans in next few years.

·         To segment the breakdown data by regions, type, manufacturers and applications.

·         To analyze the global and key regions market potential and advantage, opportunity and challenge, restraints and risks.

·         To identify significant trends, drivers, influence factors in global and regions.

·         To strategically analyze each submarket with respect to individual growth trend and their contribution to the market.

·         To analyze competitive developments such as expansions, agreements, new product launches, and acquisitions in the market.

Ask For Discount: https://www.eternityinsights.com/ask-for-discount/33772

In this study, the years considered to estimate the market size of Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator :

·         History Year: 2017 - 2020

·         Base Year: 2020

·         Estimated Year: 2020

·         Forecast Year: 2021 - 2027

This report includes the estimation of market size for value (million USD) and volume (K MT). Both top-down and bottom-up approaches have been used to estimate and validate the market size of Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator market, to estimate the size of various other dependent submarkets in the overall market. Key players in the market have been identified through secondary research, and their market shares have been determined through primary and secondary research. All percentage shares, splits, and breakdowns have been determined using secondary sources and verified primary sources.

For the data information by region, company, type and application, 2020 is considered as the base year. Whenever data information was unavailable for the base year, the prior year has been considered.

Table of Contents

1 Study Coverage

   1.1 Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Product

   1.2 Key Market Segments in This Study

   1.3 Key Manufacturers Covered

   1.4 Market by Type

       1.4.1 Global Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Market Size Growth Rate by Type

       1.4.2 MBT

       1.4.3 MBTS

       1.4.4 CBS

       1.4.5 TBBS

       1.4.6 MBS

       1.4.7 Other

   1.5 Market by Application

       1.5.1 Global Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Market Size Growth Rate by Application

       1.5.2 Automotive

       1.5.3 Medical

       1.5.4 Industrial

       1.5.5 Consumer Goods

   1.6 Study Objectives

   1.7 Years Considered

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2 Executive Summary

   2.1 Global Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Market Size

       2.1.1 Global Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Revenue 2017-2027

       2.1.2 Global Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Production 2017-2027

   2.2 Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Growth Rate (CAGR) 2021-2027

   2.3 Analysis of Competitive Landscape

       2.3.1 Manufacturers Market Concentration Ratio (CR5 and HHI)

       2.3.2 Key Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Manufacturers

           2.3.2.1 Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Manufacturing Base Distribution, Headquarters

           2.3.2.2 Manufacturers Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Product Offered

           2.3.2.3 Date of Manufacturers Enter into Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Market

   2.4 Key Trends for Rubber Vulcanization Accelerator Markets & Products

About Us:

Our reputed “market research & consulting” portal, “Eternity Insights” publishes industry/market reports, equity & financial data, and analytical research reports. We focus on almost all industries and deeply examine their segments & sub-segments. Our platform further probes the market revenues, ongoing trends, driving/preventive factors of the industries, key categories & sub-categories, competitive overview, etc.

Via its innovative approaches, the firm analyzes data and aims to meet the requirements of its customers. We assist clients with setting up their businesses, promoting their products & services, and informing them about mergers & acquisitions. Our team studies market reports in details & roles out consulting services to the customers for their expansion.

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Phone: +91 8459596463

Email: sales@eternityinsights.com

Web: www.eternityinsights.com

[newslivemarket]

Global 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market Growth Prospects 2021 : Lanxess, Eastman, Agrofert

Global 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market -Consumption Potential by Volume and Output Value Product Type ( Rubber Accelerator, Other ), By End User Application ( Automotive, Medical, Industrial, Consumer Goods ), By Sector: Opportunities and Forecast (2021 – 2030)-By Regions (USA, Europe, Japan, China, India, South East Asia), By Country (USA, Canada, Mexico, the rest of Europe, China, India, Japan, the rest of North America, Germany, France, Italy, Spain, South Korea, and the rest of Asia)

This study covers following Key Players Dominating the Global 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market:

Lanxess, Eastman, Agrofert, KUMHO PETROCHEMICAL, Arkema, Kemai Chemical, Sunsine, Shandong Yanggu Huatai Chemical, Jiangsu Sinorgchem Technology, Puyang Willing Chemicals, Sumitomo Chemical, Sanshin, King Industries, Stairchem

Download an exclusive sample of 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market Premium Report: https://chemicalmarketreports.com/report/global-2-2-benzothiazyl-disulfide-mbts-market/#requestForSample

Global 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Industry Segmentation :

The market has been divided into Forms, Applications and Regions. The growth of each segment Of 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market provides an reliable estimate and prediction of revenues by Types and Applications in terms of volume and value for the period from 2021 to 2030. This 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market research will help you grow your business by concentrating on eligible niche markets. Data on 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market share are available at global and regional level. The Regions covered by the survey are North America, Europe, Asia Pacific, the Middle East, Africa and Latin America. Research analysts identify the competitive strengths and offer strategic analysis to each competitor separately.

Global 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market segment by Type, the product can be split into

Rubber Accelerator Other

Global 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market segment by Application, split into

Automotive Medical Industrial Consumer Goods

Professional Skin Care Product Market regional analysis covers the following regions: North America, Europe, Asia-Pacific, South America, Middle East & Africa.

Get Instant access or to Buy This Premium 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) market Report: https://chemicalmarketreports.com/purchase-report/?reportId=142221/

(Ask For Discount)

*** Note: Please use a corporate email ID to Get Higher Priority. ***

The 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market factors described in this report are:

Significant Strategic Developments in 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market:

The 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market research includes the key strategic activities such as R&D plans, M&A completed, deals, product releases, collaborations, partnerships & (JV) Joint ventures, and regional growth of key global and regional competitors.

Key Market Features in 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market:

The report highlights 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market features, including revenue, weighted average regional price, capacity utilization rate, production rate, gross margins, consumption, import & export, supply & demand, cost bench-marking, market share, CAGR, and gross margin.

Analytical Market Highlights & Approach:

The 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) Market report offers the rigorously analyzed and assessed data of the key industry players and their market share through a variety of analytical methods. The analytical resources such as Porters five Strength analysis, Feasibility Review, SWOT analysis, and ROI analysis have been practiced reviewing the growth of the key players operating in the 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) market.

If you want more information about the 2,2'-Benzothiazyl disulfide (MBTS) market, make Inquiry Here: https://chemicalmarketreports.com/report/global-2-2-benzothiazyl-disulfide-mbts-market/#inquiry

Table of Contents

1. Executive Description 2. Assumption and Acronyms Used 3. Methodology of analysis 4. Description of the industry 5. International business research and forecasting, by form 6. Global Market Research and Forecast, Applications 7. Global Market Outlook and Forecast, Regions 8. North American Industry Review and Prediction 9. Latin American Business Review and Forecast 10. European Business Review and Prediction 11. Asian Pacific Industry Review and Prediction 12. Middle East and Africa Business Review and Forecast 13. Landscape Competition

Reasons for purchasing this Report from Market.us

Market.us relies on industry-wide databases for both regional and global authentic data, which enables the team to decipher the precise trends and existing scenario in the market.

The report takes a 360-degree approach to ensure that the niche and emerging aspects are also factored in to ultimately get accurate results.

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Long-standing experience: Our team of analysts will offer elaborate and accurate insights pertaining to the market.

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[iamsiddharthanilnair]

Chief of Defence Staff, Gen. Rawat & Shreya Dhoundial (CNN-NEWS18) Interview Review.

In the foreground of the DefExpo 2020 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India’s first Chief of Defense Staff (CDS) Gen. Bipin Rawat sat with CNN-News18’s Shreya Dhoundial for his first interview in this new position.

The interview threw up three specific themes - monetary concerns facing the Defense Establishment, the policies following India’s defence procurement for the next three years and the development of Integrated Theatre Commands. There were cursory topics as well - the underutilisation of military assets (land and infrastructure), a ballooning pension fund, retirement ages in the military, the General’s recent media exposure following the anti-CAA/NRC protests taking place across the country, and his statements regarding radicalisation in Jammu/Kashmir.

Interoperability in the Armed Forces

The very basis for the establishment of the Department of Military Affairs, the issue of interoperability and jointness among the three armed forces was brought up as a crucial arena for the CDS. The operational and logistical insulation of the three forces is seen as a comparative weakness in maintaining a credible deterrence to potential adversaries and in conducting sub-conventional/conventional campaigns. The CDS hopes that through the establishment of the Defence Acquisition Committee (DAC) and additional institutional bodies like it, the military establishment will be able to optimise training, logistics and war-fighting capabilities.

According to the CDS, such integration has always been possible in the Indian Military - based on existing integrated formations in Andaman & Nicobar Islands. However, the ambitions of the current CDS is visible in the initiation of the Integrated Battle Group programme, the development of Theatre Commands and the envelopment of the National Air Defence under the Indian Airforce’s (IAF) command.

A Meagre Budget & Staggered Purchases

The CDS has phased his tenure into four parts - 100 days, 1st year, 2nd and so on. The initial 100 days are to be dedicated to appraisals and project explorations; the CDS has also initiated procurement and production deals to accelerate the Armed Forces’ modernisation campaign. A perennial hurdle, the defence budget for 2020-21 has experienced a meagre increase - only 5.8%. This will remain a hurdle in the mission to resupply, optimise and modernise a rapidly deteriorating force structure.

The CDS was quick to defer the criticisms of a small budget, and explained that the way forward was focusing on adequate budgeting and management practices - imminent changes to effect critical areas and a staggered procurement model to even out downtime periods across weapons platforms and combat-ready units.

The argument for staggered purchases made by the CDS, while simplistic, is emblematic of the inventory issues plaguing the Indian Armed Forces. The combined problems of a small budget and a diverse inventory (in era and type) has resulted in a dearth of combat-ready units, i.e. units without ammunition reserves and weapon-specific logistics in place. A major thorn in the Forces’ ability to maintain a dependable OPTEMPO, the CDS claims to have understood the gravity of the situation and has initiated a few exploratory committees to delve into how best the Indian Army, Navy and Airforce can plug the aforementioned gap in inventory.

The changes in the geo-political environment has furthered the need to expand ammunition and armour supplies; the rocket and missile inventory has been deemed unfit and is now been plugged to maintain combat capabilities for a 40-day, 10(I) conflict scenario.

By giving the example of the Russian T-90 Main Battle Tank (MBT), the CDS highlighted how the wholesale purchase of weapon systems/platforms can result in increased downtime for maintenance and life-cycle servicing. The key concern is maintaining a 10-15% downtime across all verticals - units, platforms and systems - which, according to the CDS is possible only with staggered purchases. This concern runs parallel to the issue of a diverse inventory, a recent hot topic in the media after the decommission of the Indian Airforce’s (IAF) last MiG-27 “Bahadur” squadron - Scorpion 29 - in Rajasthan.

The Budget & Critical Areas

The defence budget for 2020-21 is capped at $73.65 billion, of which only 25% is earmarked for weapons purchases and 75% is demarcated for infrastructure, maintenance, recurring payments and pensions (29%). There is also the concern of existing liabilities and division of the budget (between the 3 Armed Forces); $6.76 billion to the Airforce (down from $7.01 billion in 2019-20), $4.56 billion to the Navy and $5.06 billion to the Army. All monies would be directed towards current purchases such as the S-400 system, the M-777 ULH and lease of stealth frigates from Russia.

Some time was spent on discussing the issue of pension payments and retirement ages in the military. The CDS reiterated the calls for higher retirement ages (he suggests 58 years) and  the need to maintain the Indian Armed Force's knowledge heirarchies e.g. in the logistics, ordinance, administrative and medical corps. This would aid in reducing the budgetary portion dedicated to pensions and simultaneoulsy maintain the force's expertise and professionalism over the coming years.

In the same vein, the CDS identified the critical areas that would see immediate changes - a national air-defence (AD) network under the IAF and modernisation of artillery divisions in the North and Western Commands. These areas have received reasonable publicity lately; the former has been mentioned as part of a multi-layer approach to AD across the nation’s capital cities, acquisitions from Israel (Spyder) and Russia (S-400), the possible entry of the US’ NASAMS-II into the Indian AD system and the development of indigenous missile systems such as Akash and Prithvi. The latter, key to India’s defensive posture vis-a-vis China and Pakistan has been showcased in the development of the indigenously-built K9 Vajra Mobile Artillery Gun and the Pinaka Multi-Barrel Rocket Launch (MBRL) system. The induction of the US M-777 Ultra-Light Howitzers (ULH) and self-propelled Excalibur rounds, has also grabbed headlines; a response to the outdated Bofors system whose life-cycle services were a considerable burden on a conservative budget.

Conclusion

The DefExpo 2020 did well to shine a light on the domestic defence establishment, and helped secure a linkage between foreign and domestic firms, e.g. the MoU between Lockheed Martin and BEL or Airbus-Adani Aerospace and Defence. Unfortunately or otherwise, such displays are usually political in nature and the more technical aspects of procurement are left unearthed.

While the CDS has managed to set certain reforms in motion, the larger effects of this change in state capacity is yet to be seen. Positives are there where they are to be found, but the outlook, remains as challenging. The sheer scope of the tasks under the CDS’s belt is immense - develop jointness between the three forces; modernise and resupply deteriorating inventory; initiate capabilities in unconventional arenas such as cyber, information and space.

Written by Siddharth Anil Nair.

*Look forward to my more specific piece on the use of staggered purchases on the IPCS Website.