#structure of the urinary system

[claxonmedicalcodinginstitute]

💧 Understanding the Urinary System: How Your Body Removes Waste Efficiently

Discover how the urinary system helps your body eliminate waste and maintain balance! Learn about the functions of the kidneys, bladder, ureters, and urethra in this quick video. Watch now to understand how your body stays healthy through proper waste removal and fluid regulation. 👉 #UrinarySystem #HumanBody #Health

[hellothisisangle]

This idea came from someone asking me about V’s internal organs and gastro/intestinal workings. I delved into a bit of bio/mechanical research that might make sense in the Cyberpunk world. Follow the jump below!

↓

SomaTek specializes in manufacturing synthetic organs designed to transcend our organic limitations.

SomaTek GastroPro™
In a world ravaged by toxic food chains, tainted water supplies, and unreliable agriculture, the GastroPro™ synthetic stomach- amply nicknamed “the iron gut”- is a feat of mechanical organ replacement. Capable of digesting virtually any hazardous or non-nutritive substance without harm, while mimicking and surpassing the core functions of a natural biological system.

The GastroPro™ environment utilizes a stabilized industrial-grade acidic solution (SomaTek’s trademarked confidential blend of fluorinated superacids exceeds the hydrochloric acid and pepsin present in an organic stomach) that is non-corrosive to internal components due to reactive smart hydrogel linings. This acid bath breaks down everything: from your home cooked dinner, to food past its expiration, to actual garbage- designed to adapt to a full range of ingested toxicity. After processing, the liquified matter proceeds to a secondary chamber which is programmed with enzymatic nano filters to separate and neutralize indigestible items versus actual processable materials. *Note that the GastroPro™ is incapable of operating in isolation. The following organic systems are required to be enhanced or replaced:

Esophagus (GastroLine™) is equipped with reinforced smart hydrogel lining to withstand both caustic substances and abrasive matter. Peristaltic actuators move matter regardless of shape or size, while micro-blade emulsifiers begin compacting particularly dense or fibrous materials. Anti-reflux valves prevent acid from backing up.

Liver, Pancreas, Gall Bladder (GastroTox™ Subsystem) further supports the GastroPro™ by processing even rarer or complex toxins, capable of converting them into an array of energy for the body dependent on specific inputs. For example: chemical, electrical, first and second generation biofuel, etc. (Optional but highly recommended)

Intestines & Appendix (GastroTract™) serves as the primary absorption and release unit. Lined with nutrient-binding nanites to extract usable calories, vitamins, minerals, or chemicals. Absorption channels direct these throughout the body via embedded villi structures to the bloodstream and lymphatic system. In users with further modifications, waste may be redirected to a bypass port location of their choosing. The most popular choice being via a urinary tract.

Oral Cavity (OraPro™ Subsystem) is a customizable sum of parts that further supports the GastroPro™ with an artificial tongue embedded with gustatory receptors, reinforced cheek/gum lining, and teeth strong as chrome. (Optional but highly recommended)

Brain Chemistry (CraveShard™) the neural implant designed to be installed into the cyberdeck to simulate, regulate, or even suppress cravings. (Optional but highly recommended) The user may override urges based on their schedule and preferences, as well as control serotonin and dopamine feedback. The implant works harmoniously with receptors built into the GastroPro™ to recognize the identity of consumed materials. It can even reproduce the effects caused by ingested alcohol, hallucinogenics, opioids, narcotics, etc.

Advantages over natural digestion include immunity to internal poisoning, pathogens, parasites, and contaminants. Zero indigestion, zero allergic reaction. Accelerated enzyme breakdown. And multi-source nutrition: users can derive sustenance from otherwise indigestible materials.

Please be aware the GastroPro™ is not without its complications. Over-reliance can result in malabsorption issues if the user abuses the capabilities of the GastroPro™. Care should be taken to continuously ingest products with beneficial properties. In the event of nutrient deficits, the user’s deck will receive periodic warnings regarding nutritional supplementation to prevent systemic decline. Psychosomatic disorders may also emerge as a result of losing sensory pleasure of consumption (“digestion dissonance'”- disconnect with satiety) if the recommended OraPro™ Subsystem and CraveShard™ are not installed.

Regular care encompasses monthly detox flushes, filter replacements, nanite reseeding, and pH rebalancing treatments. All of which can be accomplished via a doctor licensed to administer Somatek devices.

[nebelexe]

Here it is….

Alien-Ace from my AU!

disclaimer: I really wanted everything to be logical and theoretically possible, I hope it turned out that way.

disclaimer 2: English is still not my native language!

Ace‘s abilities

☆Climbing walls

There are special glands on his palms and feet that produce a special substance that is not sticky in itself, but provides a connection to various surfaces, increasing grip and allowing Ace to climb walls and ceilings.

☆ Lifting huge weighs

The muscle density is much higher than that of humans, which allows Ace to lift objects weighing up to 5 tons.

☆ Moving through wires and electrical appliances

The structure of his molecules allows him to dissociate into energy, which makes it possible to move through wires and electronic circuit boards.

☆ Generating charges up to 10,000 volts

Like an electric eel, Ace generates an electric current, but he differs from an eel in that he can also generate AC, not only DC.

Features of Ace's behavior and structure

☆ Additional limbs

Ace has an extra pair of arms that he can hide in his body. He can also hide claws, fangs, and antennae on his head.

☆ No intestine?!

Ace's digestive system consists of the esophagus, stomach, and duodenum. The intestines, reproductive and urinary systems are missing, and in their place is an electrical organ that is responsible for energy production. All food is digested in the stomach as much as possible, the remains enter the duodenum, where special extracts break them down to the end.

☆ Disguise

The skin cells of his face have two layers: one with body pigment, and the second is colored with three substances: TiO2, Ag2O, pure Argentum. The layers can change places, resembling how a cuttlefish changes color.

☆ Eating habits

Without exaggeration, he eats everything. Both human food and metal, plastic, and more. Favorite "normal" food: marzipan cookies, pizza, and beer; favorite non-food: lithium, kalium, and kerosene.

☆ Smell

Ozone. Go outside after a thunderstorm, that's the smell of Ace.

☆ Water

Ace has hydrophobia because his molecular density is higher than that of water and he drowns in it.

☆ Lightning-scars

This is a consequence of the fact that when Ace was created, he was not charged in professional conditions.

☆ Reaction to changes in ambient temperature

If it's too hot, Ace will be very stubborn and unyielding, if it's too cold, Ace will be completely spineless.

Addictions and reaction on them

tw!!

☆ Drugs

All radioactive substances act on Ace like drugs. Here's what he's already tried: smoking Radium, sniffing Uranium, injecting Plutonium. All these substances reduce his ability to generate electricity.

☆ Alcohol

He likes both simple beer and pure ethanol. Alcohol entering the bloodstream disrupts his electrical conductivity. Lithium-ion batteries or lithium itself help well after drinking. They normalize his blood and "save him from a hangover".

Interesting facts

☆ He is ticklish. Please leave my page if this makes you horny.

☆ ADHD

☆ (Sometimes) purrs (almost) like a cat.

^ He learned new gesture.

That's all for now. Kiss and hug for everyone who has read this and I will be glad to read your opinion about it all. (๑╹ω╹๑ )

[yourfaveisintersex]

Hi! So I know I'm intersex, but I've had some issues putting a name to my symptoms. I know for a fact that I was born with hyperandrogenism, it's something I've been told and I'm pretty sure affects me to this day. I'm also pretty sure I went through IGM, but I'm not sure. So sorry if this is TMI! I just don't really have any intersex friends and I wanted a second opinion.

When I was pretty young- like, around 3-4 years old- to my understanding my vaginal canal was trying to close. I tried looking this up and never found any terms for it. Upon looking at this page I think it may fall under vaginal hypoplasia? But I'm not sure. That's something else I'm looking for an opinion for.

I was prescribed estrogen cream to try and prevent this from happening, but it had little effect. That's when I think the IGM happened. I know for a fact I had surgery to "fix it" / keep the canal open. I was always told this was medically necessary, and growing up not knowing a word for people like me, I assumed they were right. But hearing stories from other people about their own traumatizing experiences with IGM I started to feel doubt.

I'm sorry if this is pretty cut-and-dry, but I'm someone who still has concerns about not being intersex "enough" (these are standards I only hold myself to) so I'm constantly second-guessing the things I went through. Thank you for your time, and I'm sorry if this is considered TMI ^^'

No yeah this is pretry cut-and-dry intersex experience. I'll tell you right now I know of people who have went through different IGM, who have/had ovotestes, who are the types of people you'd think are 100% intersex through and through, and I've heard them doubt "but what if I'm not intersex tho". This is systemic intersexism at work to narrow down people into believing the idea "you're not intersex, you're just a disorded male/female"; to shove undoubtedly intersex people into the sex binary, by force if necessary, and deprive them of community.

This post turned into rambling as I was writing it because I went "Oh shit I think this is related to your situation I should toss it here" so, oops. I hope you or possibly someone else can find benefit to all of whatever's under the cut here ??

And as for what you went through, you miiiight benefit from knowing what labial fusion (link) is? I have to specify it is considered different from "labial adhesion" within the intersex community aa opposed to the medical community effectively using it as a synonym. Adhesion is generally normal for people with vulvas when young for the labia to stick together a bit and often mended with estrogen cream, not unlike what was prescribed in your case. Fusion, as far as I understand, is a direct symptom of virilization and it's sort of your labia trying to turn into a scrotum?? And can cause some issues with penetration, so I've heard. Or it could be vaginal atresia (link), which is basically the vagina being closed or absent.

You should see if you have any other traits like persistent urogenital sinus (link) (<- warning for surgery pictures in link near the end of the article), PUGS for short, where your urethral meatus (the opening) is inside the vaginal canal. The meatus generally should be Around the midpoint of the vestibule between the clitoris and vaginal introitus... not enough medical documentation talking about and defining vulvar hypospadias, frustratingly.

Plus there's something called anterior-deflected urinary stream (ADUS), that's not uncommonly comorbid with the above few structural things. Basically just means "pee stream goes (too far) forward". TL;DR if you have frequent and/or chronic UTIs you might wanna be suspect about the above few terms I mentioned since UTIs are a common symptom.

[sunsetsands]

Completed the reference photo for how an akada's internal organs are laid out. Each organ system and their most noteworthy traits will be indicated and explained under the keep reading barrier.

Gray: The nervous system. Rather than being located in the head, an akada's brain is stored in the center of its body, protected on all sides by its shell. This is accompanied by a long central nervous cord that extends up into the eyestalks. All the other nerves in an akada's body branch off of this cord, including the ones situated behind its brain, which loop back around somewhere in the middle. In addition to its different structure, the brain of an akada also functions slightly differently from a human's. Their lives involve a lot less quick, on-the-move decision making than ours do, instead prioritizing a lot more meticulous long-term planning. This means that akada, generally, think about as slowly as they move. An akada's thought output is more about quality over quantity.

Beige: The shell. You probably know what this does. While tucked in, the shell tilts down and the front organs get folded up to make room for the squished-down head. Although akada can pull their heads into their shells, this doesn't do a lot to protect their arms, tail, or skirt. This ability is more or less vestigial, only being used while startled or sleeping.

Light Blue: The respiratory system. This is comprised of one lung that is also technically ten lungs, each one being surrounded by a mesh of muscle tissue that squeezes and unsqueezes them to pump air. This air enters the body through a series of small slits along the top of their faces. Not a lot to say here. Pretty standard set of breathey parts.

Dark Blue: The circulatory system, though every part of it except the heart has been excluded here for simplicity. As you can probably deduce from the color choice, akada have blue blood, using hemocyanin where we use hemoglobin. Again, not much of note.

Red: The digestive system. Akada chew using two distinct sets of teeth: One three-part beak in the front used for crushing, and one two-part radula in the back used for grinding. Though these parts look and act completely differently, they are adapted from the same parts, that being many rows of identical, keratinous spikes that an ancient ancestor species had in their mouths. Also noteworthy here is the camera shutter-esque organ inside of their throat. These are their vocal chords, which use air pumped out of the stomach to produce speech, assisted on the way out by the radula and lips. The organ is fully retracted while eating to make way for food.

Pink: The reproductive system. Typically, akada have two penises and two vaginas, one of each located in pouches in their cheeks. These are also accompanied by twin uteri, attached in the middle by a series of glands I haven't put much thought into the function of. These uteri store fertilized eggs, which are incubated until they are ready to be vomjaculated into the nearest body of water to hatch. It should be noted that, since an akada's reproductive organs are situated behind their teeth, it is very possible, and in fact quite common, for one to accidentally bite their own penis off. Don't worry, it usually grows back.

Green: A slime production gland. Like Earth's gastropods, akada produce slime to make it easier to slide along the ground. This is technically also their urinary system. Out of context, the idea of a species that talks by burping and moves by peeing sounds a bit childish, but you probably wouldn't have realized that had I not pointed it out.

Teal: A spongy water storage/filtration organ with no direct terran equivalent. Aside from the main organ pictured in the drawing, there also exists a layer of similar spongy tissue spread all throughout an akada's skin, acting both as an emergency moisture reserve and a hydrostatic skeleton.

[bestanimal]

Round 2.5 - Platyhelminthes - Monogenea

(Sources - 1, 2, 3, 4)

Monogenea is a class of ectoparasitic flatworms commonly found on the skin, gills, or fins of fish.

Monogeneans are small, rarely longer than 2 cm. A few species infecting marine fish are larger, and marine forms are generally larger than those found on freshwater hosts. Monogeneans lack respiratory, skeletal, and circulatory systems but they do have posterior attachment structures in the form of adhesives, clamps, hamuli and suckers. Like other flatworms, monogeneans have no true body cavity (coelom). They have a simple digestive system consisting of a mouth opening with a muscular pharynx and an intestine with no anus. They have a head region that contains concentrated sense organs and nervous tissue (brain). Some have eyespots.

Monogeneans possess the simplest lifecycle among the parasitic platyhelminths. They have no intermediate hosts and are ectoparasitic on fish (though some live in the urinary bladder and rectum of cold-blooded vertebrates). Adults are hermaphrodites, meaning they have both male and female reproductive structures. Some monogeneans are oviparous (egg-laying) and some are viviparous (live-bearing). Oviparous varieties release eggs into the water. Viviparous varieties release larvae, which immediately attach to another host. Although they are hermaphrodites, the male reproductive system becomes functional before the female part. The eggs hatch releasing a heavily ciliated larval stage known as an oncomiracidium. The oncomiracidium has numerous posterior hooks and is generally the life stage responsible for transmission from host to host.

The ancestors of Monogenea were probably free-living flatworms. They are not known in the fossil record.

Propaganda under the cut:

One monogenean (Oculotrema hippopotami) infects mammals, parasitizing the eyes of hippopotamuses. (yaaaayy eyeball stuff my favorite ;-;)

Monogeneans are the most diverse of the parasitic flatworms, colonizing internal as well as external organs of a range of all different aquatic vertebrates.

Monogeneans also tend to be host specific, with each monogenean species infecting only one or very few host species. They are quite picky.

[flip-fop]

Remember you asked for this. Here's the fairy sex ed post

Partially cross posting from twitter but without nearly as much of a character limit, if you recognize it no you don't <3

Vaguely nsft under the cut; this is intended to be a psuedoscientific exploration of speculative biology and fairy reproduction, please don't reply to this post with highly sexual commentary (jokes are fine lmao) because this is primarily a family friendly blog.

Prefix:

Starting this off by saying that, while this post is going to focus on reproduction via their physical forms, fairies are essentially made of magic and can, for the most part, manipulate those forms at will. Think of these like the default settings of physical manifestation. Also it's worth noting that while I'm for the most part using human biology terms, fairies themselves probably have ridiculously whimsical names for all these organs that have existed for billions of years, but this isn't a language post. This is not meant to be a full comprehensive medical guide to the complexities of gender in fairy culture, nor will it cover every possible variation of default physical forms. This is your middle school "where do babies come from" level of documentation. The terms "male" and "female" are used to describe fairies as they are "assigned" at birth, however, please don't take this to mean trans and nonbinary fairies don't exist, they definitely do.

Anatomy:

When manifesting physical forms, fairies develop traits based on the dominant species of the world they will primarily engage with, in this case, humans. (1) This leads to the development of secondary sex characteristics such as breast tissue and facial hair. While these traits have evolved over millennia spent alongside humans, they are still derived from magic, and can not be used to qualify fairies as mammals. Fairies are an oviviparous species, meaning an embryo will develop within a fertilized egg and depend on that egg for nutrients, but will hatch inside the parent's body and result in a live birth. (2)

Females produce eggs and lay them via an ovipositor. Males produce sperm via internal testes used to fertilize eggs as they pass through the birth canal towards the brood pouch via penetration by ovipositor. The birth canal and ovipositor are both is self lubricating when aroused to assist the transfer of eggs, and the internal pelvic muscular structure in male fairies is designed to pull the eggs as deep as possible to increase chances of fertilization within the brood pouch. The urinary and reproductive systems are completely separate because they keep canonically arguing about leaving the toilet seat up and while I'm only loosely respectful of canon I can also do whatever I want forever. The female urethra exists behind the ovipositor while the male urethra is connected to a non-reproductively functional penis. Ovipositors tend to be slightly larger than penises, and female fairies tend to be slightly larger than males in general, but this is primarily dependent on the individuals Both the ovipositor and penis have an abundance of nerve endings and experience arousal, though male ejaculation is entirely internal. The brood pouch is functionally a uterus in human terms, however, as the developing embryo derives nutrients from the egg and has no need to fully attach, the brood pouch does not have a lining and, sorry everyone, men don't get periods, nobody has to get periods in my world because I'm a benevolent god. Fairies experience 3 types of puberty, "pooferty(3)" "pasta puberty(4)" and sexual maturation. The first two of these involve developmental milestones and magic-hormone interactions, so they are best set to the wayside for a different post, though I will note here that most secondary sex characteristics will develop in manifest forms at the end stages of pasta puberty. The sexual maturation stage of puberty is the only stage in which hormone production is more of an active cause than magic. Females may begin laying eggs during this time, and nocturnal depositing is very common in teenagers and nothing to be ashamed of, it's a very normal experience to wake up to the occasional egg or two. At the end of class you'll receive a pamphlet with a section on proper disposal spells. Males may experience abdominal cramping during third puberty, as their brood pouch swells slightly to accommodate possible eggs, this is not cyclical in the way human periods are, and once they've had their last growth spurt and the pouch settles in its more spacious form, any residual cramping should subside. Until then, the pamphlets offered at the end of class will also have a section on magical pain relief.

Reproduction:

A female fairy can lay between 1-5 eggs, which are semi-gelatinous in texture and range from .5"-1" (1.27-2.54cm) in size. Egg coloration comes in a myriad of pastels, but despite some outdated theories, the coloration of the egg indicates nothing about the potential appearance of the baby. As previously stated, when the female lays her egg/s inside the male they are fertilized internally. The male will carry the fertilized egg/s in his brood pouch, but the embryo will remain inside the egg through development, using it as a source of magical nutrients If an egg laid inside a partner in whatever orifice is not successfully fertilized, it dissolves within a matter of 6-12 hours. Birth control looks a lot different for fairies because it's essentially exclusive to a morning after spell to forcibly dissolve the eggs anyway. After a 3 month gestation period, the embryo will have fully absorbed the nutrients from the egg and will essentially have "eaten" it's way out, which will trigger the father going into labor and, theoretically, delivering the baby via birth canal. In practice however, magical c-sections(5) were the go-to long before the baby ban. Seriously this has been the preferred method for millennia. Only holier-than-tho crunchy granola weirdos get superior about non-magically assisted delivery.

Citations:

In s3ep12 Abracatastrophy we learn that fairies take on godparenting duties and physical traits of the earths dominant species.

https://byjus.com/biology/viviparous-oviparous-embryo-development/#ovoviviparity

s9ep38 School of Crock Peri goes through pooferty, but this is also one of those concepts I've entirely restructured in my mind.

ANW s1ep18 Growing Pains introduces pasta puberty, and I'm keeping that canon on the grounds that it's funny.

In s6ep1 Fairly Odd Baby we gain a basic and superficial overview of fairy gestation. It's the mpreg episode.

[realinspirations]

The Human Body: A Complex Biological Marvel

 The human frame is one of the most sophisticated and complicated organic systems in nature. Comprising trillions of cells prepared into tissues, organs, and structures, it performs infinite duties that permit us to live, move, suppose, and sense. From the smallest cellular to the maximum complex organ gadget, every part of the human frame works collectively to preserve balance and support life.

what are the major systems of the human body

The Building Blocks: Cells, Tissues, and Organs

At the maximum simple degree, the human body is made from cells. There are over two hundred different kinds of cells within the human body, each with its unique feature—as an example, muscle cells for movement, nerve cells for conversation, and pink blood cells for oxygen delivery.

Groups of comparable cells shape tissues. 

Epithelial tissue, which covers surfaces and features organs

Connective tissue, consisting of bone, blood, and fat

Muscle tissue, which enables motion

Nervous tissue, which transmits signals

 Organs just like the heart, lungs, liver, and brain perform precise features critical for survival.

The Major Organ Systems

The human body is prepared into eleven most important organ systems, each with a distinct position:

1. Circulatory System

 The blood vessels—arteries, veins, and capillaries—form an in depth network that ensures each mobile receives what it needs.

2. Respiratory System

 Key organs encompass the lungs, trachea, and diaphragm. The alveoli within the lungs are tiny sacs wherein oxygen enters the blood and carbon dioxide is expelled.

3. Digestive System

This device strategies the meals we consume, extracting nutrients and strength even as expelling waste. Starting within the mouth, food travels thru the esophagus to the stomach, where it's far broken down with the aid of acids. The small gut absorbs vitamins, at the same time as the massive gut manages waste.

4  Nervous System

 It controls all physical capabilities, from conscious idea to involuntary processes like heartbeat and digestion. The worried gadget permits us to feel the surroundings, react, and make decisions.

5 Muscular System

This system consists of over 600 muscular tissues that allow movement, maintain posture, and convey warmness. It includes:

Cardiac muscle (heart)

6. Skeletal System

 It protects organs, enables motion along side muscle mass, and shops minerals like calcium. The bone marrow internal some bones additionally produces blood cells.

7. Endocrine System

The endocrine device regulates bodily capabilities thru hormones, which are chemical messengers. Glands consisting of the pituitary, thyroid, adrenal, and pancreas manipulate boom, metabolism, temper, and reproductive approaches.

8  Immune System

This device defends the frame towards dangerous invaders like micro organism, viruses, and parasites. It includes white blood cells, the lymphatic gadget, antibodies, and organs inclusive of the thymus and spleen.

9. Urinary System

 The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra paintings collectively to provide and get rid of urine.

10. Reproductive System

This machine is liable for producing offspring. In males, it consists of the testes, penis, and associated structures.  It also produces sex hormones like estrogen and testosterone.

11. Integumentary System

 It protects the frame from injury, regulates temperature, and serves because the first line of defense against pathogens. 

Amazing Functions of the Human Body

Homeostasis: Keeping Balance

The body continues a strong inner environment thru homeostasis. Whether it’s temperature regulation, pH stability, or blood sugar control, homeostasis ensures that bodily systems operate inside top-rated tiers.

Brain Power

The human mind incorporates around 86 billion neurons. It can system complicated mind, reminiscences, language, and emotions. The mind controls each voluntary moves (like moving an arm) and involuntary ones (like respiratory or digestion).

Healing and Regeneration

When injured, the frame initiates a repair procedure. Platelets clot the blood, white blood cells fight infection, and new cells regenerate broken tissue. Some elements, just like the liver, have tremendous regenerative abilties.

The Five Senses

The frame uses sight, listening to, contact, flavor, and scent to interact with the surroundings. These senses acquire data this is interpreted by way of the brain to assist us make selections and live secure.

Lifespan and Growth

Human development starts at idea and progresses thru infancy, youth, early life, maturity, and vintage age. The body grows, matures, and sooner or later declines through the years. Hormonal changes, life-style, genetics, and surroundings all influence how the body a long time.

Nutrition and Health

A wholesome human body requires a balanced weight loss plan that provides:

Carbohydrates for electricity

Proteins for tissue repair and growth

Fats for power garage and mobile feature

Vitamins and minerals for metabolic approaches

Water for hydration and chemical reactions

Regular workout, adequate sleep, and mental well-being also are essential for keeping correct health.

Diseases and Disorders

Despite its resilience, the human frame can suffer from a extensive variety of illnesses:

Infectious diseases like influenza and COVID-19

Genetic disorders including cystic fibrosis

Mental health situations like melancholy and tension

Modern medicinal drug, mixed with healthful lifestyles, enables manipulate and save you lots of these situations.

The Future of Human Biology

Advancements in technology and medicinal drug retain to reveal extra approximately the human frame. Technologies like genetic engineering, artificial organs, neuroprosthetics, and regenerative medicine are paving the way for longer, healthier lives.

Research in regions just like the human microbiome (the trillions of microbes in our bodies), personalised medicine, and brain-computer interfaces is reshaping how we recognize human fitness.

[cardiacreports2]

In a young male with an undiagnosed or known congenital heart defect (e.g., hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy, or an anomalous coronary artery), the heart is structurally or electrically compromised. This predisposes the individual to ischemia, arrhythmias, or sudden cardiac death.

Physiological Processes:

Increased Myocardial Oxygen Demand:

If the individual engages in physical exertion or experiences stress, the heart’s demand for oxygen increases.

Due to structural abnormalities (e.g., thickened ventricular walls in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), coronary blood flow may be insufficient.

Compromised Blood Flow or Electrical Instability:

In congenital defects like coronary artery anomalies, inadequate perfusion may cause transient ischemia.

If the defect involves the heart’s electrical system (e.g., Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, Long QT syndrome), abnormal conduction patterns may increase the risk of ventricular fibrillation (VF).

Early Symptoms:

The individual may experience chest discomfort, palpitations, shortness of breath, or dizziness hours or minutes before collapse.

In cases of underlying cardiomyopathy, ventricular ectopy (premature beats) may precede a fatal arrhythmia.

The Heart Attack (Acute Event)

The acute cardiac event is triggered by ischemia, electrical dysfunction, or mechanical failure, culminating in either cardiac arrest or cardiogenic shock.

1. Ischemic Cascade:

If the defect restricts coronary perfusion (e.g., anomalous coronary artery), myocardial cells become hypoxic, leading to metabolic disturbances.

Lack of oxygen shifts cardiac metabolism from aerobic to anaerobic glycolysis, leading to lactic acid accumulation, which further impairs cellular function.

The ischemic region of the myocardium starts to undergo cell death (necrosis) within 20-40 minutes if perfusion is not restored.

2. Electrical Instability → Arrhythmia → Cardiac Arrest:

Disruptions in myocardial ion exchange (potassium, calcium, sodium) lead to prolonged repolarization, increasing the risk of lethal arrhythmias.

The individual may enter ventricular tachycardia (VT), which rapidly degenerates into ventricular fibrillation (VF), where the ventricles quiver rather than contract.

In some cases (e.g., left ventricular outflow obstruction in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), the heart’s mechanical output drops suddenly, leading to pulseless electrical activity (PEA).

3. Hemodynamic Collapse:

As cardiac output ceases, blood pressure drops to zero, and cerebral perfusion fails, leading to loss of consciousness within seconds.

Lack of oxygen supply to the brain results in seizure-like activity or agonal breathing before complete cessation of respiration.

The absence of circulation initiates multi-organ failure as tissues are starved of oxygen.

Post-Heart Attack (Biological Consequences After Death)

If resuscitation is unsuccessful, biological death follows within minutes to hours.

1. Immediate Postmortem Effects (Minutes to 1 Hour):

Cessation of Brain Activity:

Hypoxia leads to neuronal apoptosis.

EEG readings show flat-line activity within 3-6 minutes of cardiac arrest.

Rigor Mortis Begins:

ATP depletion causes actin-myosin cross-bridges in muscle cells to lock, leading to rigor mortis, which starts in the jaw and upper body within an hour.

Autonomic Release:

Loss of autonomic control results in urinary and bowel incontinence.

2. Early Postmortem Changes (Hours to Days):

Livor Mortis (Blood Pooling):

Blood settles in dependent areas due to gravity, creating purple discoloration on the lower parts of the body.

Cellular Autolysis:

Lysosomal enzymes break down cellular structures, initiating decomposition.

3. Late Postmortem Changes (Days to Weeks):

Tissue Breakdown and Gas Formation:

Bacteria in the gut proliferate, leading to bloating and tissue liquefaction.

Summary of the Fatal Process

Pre-Attack: Structural/electrical defects predispose the heart to ischemia or arrhythmia.

Attack Phase: Myocardial oxygen deprivation, lactic acidosis, and electrolyte imbalances trigger ventricular fibrillation or asystole.

Death and Aftermath: Cessation of circulation leads to rapid brain death, rigor mortis, and eventual decomposition.

[squishysoftmonsters]

💚About the cute alien who likes you from the Twisted Disneyland story!

Their race called Kattens come in many colors,covered in soft down with black speckles and stripes that shed like a snake's skin. They have large ears that fold when they sleep or hear loud noise. The facial structure is part human and part feline. Like their hairy ancestors,Kattens are nocturnal and sleep most of the day in a human bed on on a windowsill. They will either loaf or be in a ball.

Kattens have two sets of eyes,dominant ones close when asleep. The extra ones stay open and alert. Half of the brain responsible for autonomic functions is at rest while the half for voluntary,in a sense sleepwalking while aware of their surroundings,objects and actions.

They have four toes and four long fingers with soft bean like pads that absorb shock when jumping,landing or running. They have a very long forked tongue for tasting and cleaning themselves. Unlike cats,Kattens possess collarbones but have the ability to rotate their head to reach their backs. Their stomach is larger than a human,allowing them to survive on one large meal if they choose. The second stomach and second fur is not in use,but rather dormant in warm weather. This second stomach stores water infused with electrolytes to prepare for winter and is covered in fat to nourish their bodies until they find food and water.

Their digestion is normal in warm weather. In winter it slows down,so they can feel fuller for an extended period after they've eaten. Bathroom habits remain the same.

Their second skin that grows as fur is thick and insulated to keep them warm in the harshest of cold. Also the skin of the beans on their hands and feet become coarse and thick to endure it.

Kattens are sociable creatures and get along well with humans and coexist with other species peacefully.

They observe potential mates,and confront them when ready,with kind interactions such as one would see in dating.

Katten mating is similar to cetaceans in a log form. In this form,they are the most comfortable,and primarily mate in hiding. The penis and vaginal areas on Kattens shift in colors. A tell for readiness is vivid pink. Their penises retract when they are finished,and female's vaginal cavities end the mating phase and close.

Sometimes young male Kattens will wake up "broken". This meaning the penis has unsheathed overnight and will constantly secrete,causing what humans would call bed wetting while asleep. Young female Kattens vaginal cavites remain open in the mating phase,causing identical problems. Reasons behind this are unknown,so the young Kattens are given training pants to prevent unwanted infection and to stop betwetting. The problem corrects as a teenager onward.

Kattens are rarely born with sex organs of both genders and are left alone,as their reproductive systems and urinary tracts remain unharmed and unchanged during these rare births.

If a Katten is forcibly assaulted,the entrances have fine keratin hairs that become stiff to cut an aggressor during forcible penetration.

They adjust well to clothing with holes in the pants for the double tails,but in the wild,Kattens are naked and usually hunt on all fours. The purpose of their two tails is to warn other Kattens with certain tail signs for danger or shelter.

Kattens fight one another if they are attracted to the same female. The loser must watch the female in mating with the winner.

Kattens hiss when agitated and deject a blinding solution from a pit under their tongue to disable predators when cornered. They lack fingernails but have retractable claws for defense and are adept at using weaponry. 💚

💚Think thats about all on the cat boy.💚

[hallucinateonpaperspines]

ouat

Do humans still need to excret ?

Is it weird that I want to thank you for this question? I want to thank you for this weirdly specific, but has-made-me-have-to-solidify-the-anatomical-structures-and-just-how-much-of-the-organic-aspects-have-passed-over-in-not-only-form-but-function, question

So thank you :)

Yep! Humans do still excret, but not in the same way as before.

Excretions, whether through feces or urinary waste, are undigested material, clearing out filtered substances, or excess our bodies do not need. Due to the cyberformation, humans, and all organic forms, have streamlined the digestion process. Material that doesn't function as an energon/energy supplement can be molecularly broken down and reused in the protoform, interior organs, or external armor. Because of that, the amount of "waste" produced is almost non-existent. That said, should a cyberformed ingest too much of a particular substance, or find something that can't be absorbed, that waste will be excreted.

Just not through traditional means.

To my current knowledge, the traditional form of a cybertronian does not possess the type of digestive tracts that result in physical waste. Which makes sense considering that they ingest variations of what is essentially pure fuel. The design is likewise transferred over in the cyberforming process. Humanity is omnivorous, as much as they can be in this scenario, and capable of ingesting both pure fuel and other organisms. The small amount of waste they excrete will come from regurgitation or vomiting. (kind seen in Mara when her Envoy systems where incapable of processing some food options). There just isn't much of a need to have full GI tract when most of it won't be in use. (what is there is just as groovey as it was originally though. Stomach acid, mucus linings, specialized bacteria-ish things, etc.)

Owl pellets are now everyone pellets. I don't know whether to say sorry, or your welcome.

[sootyships]

me researching ways to make the mers ~weird~

i kinda wanna indicate the last common ancestor of them and humans was... a long-ass fucking time ago. similarities come from convergent evolution, maybe specifically predation

-might have a parietal eye

-might have gular/thoracic and post/paracloacal scent gland(s)... cloacal glands used in marking territory

-fish nostrils = nares

-nose==snout

-two dorsal fins with separate bases

-lateral line organ

- 5 year gestation?

- 7 fins – two dorsal fins, two pectoral fins, two pelvic fins and one caudal fin

- spiracle-ear?

- operculum? (gill cover bone that helps draw in water)

- ears: basilar papilla?

- gills+spiracles need to remain moist

- cosmoid/(elasmoid)/ganoid scales

- good sense of smell

- lackluster amphibian eyesight

- metamorphosis

- sequential hermaphrodites?

- palatal teeth~~~

- anamniotes

- fewer ear bones than humans/synapsids, columella or maybe a stapes? more jaw bones

- maybe should have an ear drum in the otic notch? -> no spiracle (bird/crocodile ears) or could breathe air thru the spiracle

- Both sexes have a cloaca, a single chamber and outlet at the base of the tail into which the intestinal, urinary and genital tracts open.[32] It houses the penis in males and the clitoris in females.[36] The crocodilian penis is permanently erect and relies on cloacal muscles for eversion and elastic ligaments and a tendon for recoil.

- teeth visible when mouth closed like crocodilians?

- scleral cartilage

- nictating membranes!

The head or skull includes the skull roof (a set of bones covering the brain, eyes and nostrils), the snout (from the eye to the forward-most point of the upper jaw), the operculum or gill cover (absent in sharks and jawless fish), and the cheek, which extends from the eye to the preopercle. The operculum and preopercle may or may not have spines. In sharks and some primitive bony fish the spiracle, a small extra gill opening, is found behind each eye. 

Juvenile P. mokelembembe have external gills that resemble those of young amphibians. These gills are large and have branching, featherlike architecture to maximize surface area for oxygen exchange to compensate for the young fish's underdeveloped respiratory system. As the fish age and their lungs develop, they lose these external gill structures and take on the gill structure of a typical fish.

primitive shape of its jawbones are more akin to that of a salamander's than a fish.[7]

The mouth is large and appears to grin when closed. The dentary, premaxilla, and maxilla each carry one row of large, slightly recurved teeth.[4] There are multiple rows of smaller teeth, found between the rows of large teeth, on the prearticular and coronoids in the lower jaw and on the bones forming the roof of the mouth.

Being shallow-water fishes, the elpistostegalians evolved many of the basic adaptions that later allowed the tetrapods to become terrestrial animals. The most important ones were the shift of main propulsion apparatus from the tail fin to the pectoral and pelvic fins, and a shift to reliance on lungs rather than gills as the main means of obtaining oxygen.[12] Both of these appear to be a direct result of moving to an inland freshwater mode of living.[13]

Crocodilians are homodonts, meaning each of their teeth are all of the same type (they do not possess different tooth types, such as canines and molars) and polyphyodonts are able to replace each of their approximately 80 teeth up to 50 times in their 35 to 75-year lifespan.[51] They are the only non-mammalian vertebrates with tooth sockets.[52] Next to each full-grown tooth there is a small replacement tooth and an odontogenic stem cell in the dental lamina in standby, which can be activated when required.[53] Tooth replacement slows significantly and eventually stops as the animal grows old.[

It has a cleithrum, a bone in the pectoral girdle that extends from the scapula. The cleithrum once attached to the skull in lobe-finned fish, the ancestors of tetrapods, but detached to allow the neck to move freely.

[fit-lifestyle-guide]

Norfloxacin Production Cost and Market Analysis Overview

Norfloxacin, a synthetic fluoroquinolone antibiotic, plays a vital role in treating bacterial infections, particularly those affecting the urinary tract and gastrointestinal system. Its effectiveness and broad-spectrum action have made it a staple in both human and veterinary medicine. As demand continues to rise, especially in developing healthcare markets, stakeholders are increasingly interested in the Norfloxacin Production Cost, price trends, and market dynamics.

This article delves into the latest market insights, including pricing data, production cost components, historical trends, regional market performance, and procurement strategies relevant to the norfloxacin industry.

Latest Prices and Market Overview

The global norfloxacin market has witnessed dynamic fluctuations in pricing due to shifts in raw material availability, regulatory policies, environmental constraints, and supply chain disruptions. Key intermediate chemicals, solvent costs, and energy consumption significantly impact the norfloxacin market price, creating a need for consistent monitoring.

Current price trends of norfloxacin vary across major manufacturing regions including China, India, and parts of Europe. Price changes are also influenced by policy developments in the pharmaceutical sector and shifting demand from end-user industries. Additionally, the transition toward sustainable and compliant manufacturing practices is driving production costs higher in certain regions.

Norfloxacin Production Cost Structure

The Norfloxacin Production Cost is driven by a combination of factors that include raw materials, labor, utilities, compliance with pharmaceutical-grade standards, and technology deployment. The key starting materials for norfloxacin synthesis typically involve fluoroaniline derivatives, piperazine, and carboxylic acid intermediates, all of which contribute significantly to overall production expenses.

Other production cost drivers include:

Energy consumption during multi-step synthesis

Waste management and effluent treatment due to environmental regulations

Equipment maintenance and process optimization

Workforce costs depending on geographic location

Understanding the cost structure of norfloxacin production allows manufacturers and procurement teams to identify opportunities for cost-saving and efficiency improvements across the supply chain.

Historical Data and Forecast Analysis

A comprehensive evaluation of historical data and forecasts enables businesses to understand how market dynamics have evolved over time. Norfloxacin’s pricing history reveals fluctuations based on bulk demand, particularly in Asia-Pacific, as well as pricing impacts from regulatory interventions and generic competition.

Historical trends show that pricing typically tightens during periods of increased infection outbreaks or policy shifts in antibiotic manufacturing and exports. By analyzing past data, stakeholders can anticipate price changes and develop better forecasting models.

Forecasts for norfloxacin prices and production costs indicate gradual shifts as global regulatory agencies continue pushing for stricter quality and environmental controls, which may elevate future manufacturing expenses.

Market Analysis and Procurement Intelligence

Robust market analysis provides a granular view of the norfloxacin supply chain, from raw material procurement to final formulation. The market is segmented by application (human healthcare, veterinary), by distribution channel (hospitals, pharmacies), and by region. Each segment experiences distinct market pressures.

For example, the Asia-Pacific region leads in norfloxacin production, primarily due to cost-effective labor, extensive chemical manufacturing ecosystems, and strong export infrastructure. However, regions like North America and Europe are investing in localized and sustainable production to reduce dependency on imports.

Procurement Resource plays an essential role in enabling strategic sourcing and helping procurement teams develop effective cost models, manage supply disruptions, and negotiate long-term supplier contracts. Utilizing market intelligence and production cost analysis, organizations can secure reliable supply channels while minimizing procurement risks.

Regional Insights and Performance Overview

The regional performance of the norfloxacin market showcases varying trends across key pharmaceutical hubs:

Asia-Pacific (APAC): Dominates global production, with countries like China and India being the primary exporters. Low manufacturing costs, skilled labor, and industrial infrastructure support this dominance. However, evolving environmental compliance norms may impact the cost-effectiveness of production in the coming years.

North America: Shows increasing reliance on imports but is witnessing strategic moves toward domestic API manufacturing due to recent regulatory incentives.

Europe: Maintains moderate production capabilities but places greater emphasis on high-quality standards and sustainable manufacturing. Rising energy costs and stringent environmental regulations play a role in increasing production expenses here.

Latin America and Africa: Emerging as secondary markets for norfloxacin demand due to growing healthcare infrastructure, but they rely heavily on imports from Asia-Pacific producers.

These regional insights are vital for procurement professionals looking to identify optimal sourcing destinations based on cost, regulatory compliance, and delivery timelines.

Norfloxacin Price Chart and Data Resources

Access to a detailed norfloxacin price chart provides invaluable insights into short-term and long-term pricing trends. These visual tools track price movements based on location, production batch, formulation strength, and volume.

Meanwhile, a well-maintained norfloxacin price database helps procurement and finance teams carry out historical comparisons, run statistical models, and perform in-depth cost analysis. Key features often include:

Monthly and quarterly price updates

Supplier and region-based price variations

Alerts on supply shocks or raw material price surges

Year-over-year trend comparisons

These tools are critical in budgeting, supplier negotiations, and production planning processes.

Market Insights for Strategic Decision-Making

Market insights into norfloxacin include in-depth evaluations of:

Supply chain bottlenecks

API purity standards and regulatory shifts

Competitive landscape and market share distribution

Innovations in synthesis technologies and process optimization

Consumer behavior and demand trends across therapeutic segments

Leveraging such insights enables companies to adjust their market strategies, prepare for potential disruptions, and make informed investments in production capabilities.

By utilizing the support of market experts and procurement analysts, businesses can gain a competitive edge in their operational and sourcing strategies. Whether it's streamlining procurement through bulk-buying strategies or evaluating alternative synthesis routes, strategic insights empower proactive decision-making.

Request for the Real Time Prices

Businesses operating in dynamic pharmaceutical markets need access to real-time norfloxacin prices to remain competitive and agile in their procurement and sales strategies.

Request for the Real Time Prices-

https://www.procurementresource.com/production-cost-report-store/norfloxacin/request-sample

Access to real-time data ensures procurement professionals and manufacturers are equipped with up-to-the-minute information for quick decision-making, avoiding potential cost overruns or supply shortages.

Contact Information

Company Name: Procurement Resource Contact Person: Ashish Sharma (Sales Representative) Email: sales@procurementresource.com Location: 30 North Gould Street, Sheridan, WY 82801, USA

Phone Numbers: UK: +44 7537171117 USA: +1 307 363 1045 Asia-Pacific (APAC): +91 1203185500

[savodayalhospital]

Advanced Robotic Urology Care at Sarvodaya Hospital

At Sarvodaya’s Institute of Robotic Surgery, we specialize in cutting-edge robotic urology procedures that bring together precision, safety, and faster recovery. Powered by the advanced SSI Mantra Surgical Robot, our robotic system enables highly effective minimally invasive surgeries for complex urological conditions—minimizing pain, reducing blood loss, and significantly shortening hospital stays.

Whether it’s prostate, kidney, or bladder surgery, or reconstructive urological procedures, every intervention is conducted by our expert team in a technologically advanced and sterile environment. Sarvodaya is widely acknowledged as the Best Robotic Urology Surgery Hospital in Faridabad, Delhi NCR, delivering exceptional outcomes with a strong focus on patient comfort, quicker recovery, and long-term health improvement.

Key Robotic Urology Surgeries We Perform

Robotic Radical Prostatectomy

This surgery involves removing the prostate gland and seminal vesicles to treat prostate cancer. Robotic precision allows for nerve preservation, better bleeding control, and smaller incisions, which contribute to faster healing and less post-operative pain.

Robotic Nephrectomy (Partial or Radical)

Performed for kidney cancer or damage, this surgery removes the entire kidney or only the affected portion. The robotic approach ensures enhanced accuracy for tumor removal, reduced complications, and preservation of healthy tissues.

Robotic Cystectomy

This involves the partial or complete removal of the urinary bladder, often accompanied by neobladder reconstruction. Robotic assistance results in better access, less bleeding, shorter hospital stays, and a lower risk of post-surgery complications like incontinence.

Robotic Pyeloplasty

Used to treat uretero-pelvic junction obstruction, this procedure repairs urinary blockages with high precision. The robotic system enables delicate reconstruction of the urinary tract while minimizing trauma to surrounding structures.

Why Choose Robotic Urology Surgery at Sarvodaya?

As the Best Robotic Urology Surgery Hospital in Faridabad, Delhi NCR, Sarvodaya offers unmatched surgical care driven by innovation, experience, and compassionate support. Here’s how patients benefit:

Enhanced Surgical Precision

Robotic systems offer magnified 3D visualization and fine control for delicate procedures in narrow urological zones.

Minimally Invasive Approach

Tiny incisions lead to less post-surgical discomfort, minimal scarring, and faster healing.

Lower Risk of Infection

Reduced exposure and precise control minimize the likelihood of surgical site infections.

Reduced Blood Loss

Controlled robotic instruments lower intraoperative bleeding, reducing the need for transfusions.

Faster Recovery

Most patients resume daily activities much sooner due to reduced pain and accelerated healing.

Shorter Hospitalization

Robotic-assisted procedures promote rapid post-op recovery, allowing for early discharge and cost-effective care—hallmarks of the Best Robotic Urology Surgery Hospital in Faridabad, Delhi NCR.

Setting the Benchmark in Robotic Urology Surgery

Sarvodaya Hospital stands at the forefront of robotic urology in India, blending technological excellence with clinical expertise. Recognized not only as the Best Robotic Urology Surgery Hospital in Faridabad, Delhi NCR but also as a pioneer in minimally invasive healthcare, we continue to raise the bar for surgical safety, precision, and patient outcomes.

Source: https://www.sarvodayahospital.com/specialities/robotic-urology-surgery

[prosperomedical-uk]

The Importance Of Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation

The lowest part of the abdomen is called the pelvic region,  which is inside the pelvis, there are the bladder (urinary bladder), lower urinary tract, rectum, which is the last part of the large intestine, anus, external genital organs, as well as the ovaries, uterus and vagina in women, and the prostate in men in the pelvic region. The pelvic floor is a holistic structure consisting of the pelvis, muscles and ligaments. The structures that make up the pelvic floor hang between the front part of the pelvis (pubis) and the coccyx bone, which is the last part of the spine. The function of the pelvic floor is to carry the organs on it and keep them in place. The smooth muscles in organs such as the bladder and large intestine located on the pelvic floor operate on the stimuli generated by the involuntary nervous system, beyond our control. Pelvic floor muscles are voluntary muscles that we can control, like our arm and leg muscles. With the use of this function, it provides conscious control of the bladder and large intestine outlet it carries. For this reason, contraction of  the urinary and bowel muscles are exteremely important for sexual life.

The weakness and dysfunction  may occur in the pelvic floor muscles because of the advancing age, pregnancy and multiple pregnancy,  naturai birth, menopause, colon, rectum, uterus, prostate and urinary tract surgeries, chronic constipation, obesity, chronic cough, diabetes, frequent urinary tract infections, sedentary life. Problems in the pelvic floor muscles cause frequent urination, urinary incontinence, gas and fecal incontinence, difficulty in urinating and defecating, constipation, chronic pelvic pain and sexual dysfunction. Pelvic Floor Rehabilitation is started to treat these disorders and strengthen the pelvic floor muscles read more.