#structured programming language

[wikipediagrams]

[frank-olivier]

The Evolution of Programming Paradigms: Recursion’s Impact on Language Design

“Recursion, n. See Recursion.” -- Ambrose Bierce, The Devil’s Dictionary (1906-1911)

The roots of programming languages can be traced back to Alan Turing's groundbreaking work in the 1930s. Turing's vision of a universal computing machine, known as the Turing machine, laid the theoretical foundation for modern computing. His concept of a stack, although not explicitly named, was an integral part of his model for computation.

Turing's machine utilized an infinite tape divided into squares, with a read-write head that could move along the tape. This tape-based system exhibited stack-like behavior, where the squares represented elements of a stack, and the read-write head performed operations like pushing and popping data. Turing's work provided a theoretical framework that would later influence the design of programming languages and computer architectures.

In the 1950s, the development of high-level programming languages began to revolutionize the field of computer science. The introduction of FORTRAN (Formula Translation) in 1957 by John Backus and his team at IBM marked a significant milestone. FORTRAN was designed to simplify the programming process, allowing scientists and engineers to express mathematical formulas and algorithms more naturally.

Around the same time, Grace Hopper, a pioneering computer scientist, led the development of COBOL (Common Business-Oriented Language). COBOL aimed to address the needs of business applications, focusing on readability and English-like syntax. These early high-level languages introduced the concept of structured programming, where code was organized into blocks and subroutines, laying the groundwork for stack-based function calls.

As high-level languages gained popularity, the underlying computer architectures also evolved. James Hamblin's work on stack machines in the 1950s played a crucial role in the practical implementation of stacks in computer systems. Hamblin's stack machine, also known as a zero-address machine, utilized a central stack memory for storing intermediate results during computation.

Assembly language, a low-level programming language, was closely tied to the architecture of the underlying computer. It provided direct control over the machine's hardware, including the stack. Assembly language programs used stack-based instructions to manipulate data and manage subroutine calls, making it an essential tool for early computer programmers.

The development of ALGOL (Algorithmic Language) in the late 1950s and early 1960s was a significant step forward in programming language design. ALGOL was a collaborative effort by an international team, including Friedrich L. Bauer and Klaus Samelson, to create a language suitable for expressing algorithms and mathematical concepts.

Bauer and Samelson's work on ALGOL introduced the concept of recursive subroutines and the activation record stack. Recursive subroutines allowed functions to call themselves with different parameters, enabling the creation of elegant and powerful algorithms. The activation record stack, also known as the call stack, managed the execution of these recursive functions by storing information about each function call, such as local variables and return addresses.

ALGOL's structured approach to programming, combined with the activation record stack, set a new standard for language design. It influenced the development of subsequent languages like Pascal, C, and Java, which adopted stack-based function calls and structured programming paradigms.

The 1970s and 1980s witnessed the emergence of structured and object-oriented programming languages, further solidifying the role of stacks in computer science. Pascal, developed by Niklaus Wirth, built upon ALGOL's structured programming concepts and introduced more robust stack-based function calls.

The 1980s saw the rise of object-oriented programming with languages like C++ and Smalltalk. These languages introduced the concept of objects and classes, encapsulating data and behavior. The stack played a crucial role in managing object instances and method calls, ensuring proper memory allocation and deallocation.

Today, stacks continue to be an integral part of modern programming languages and paradigms. Languages like Java, Python, and C# utilize stacks implicitly for function calls and local variable management. The stack-based approach allows for efficient memory management and modular code organization.

Functional programming languages, such as Lisp and Haskell, also leverage stacks for managing function calls and recursion. These languages emphasize immutability and higher-order functions, making stacks an essential tool for implementing functional programming concepts.

Moreover, stacks are fundamental in the implementation of virtual machines and interpreters. Technologies like the Java Virtual Machine and the Python interpreter use stacks to manage the execution of bytecode or intermediate code, providing platform independence and efficient code execution.

The evolution of programming languages is deeply intertwined with the development and refinement of the stack. From Turing's theoretical foundations to the practical implementations of stack machines and the activation record stack, the stack has been a driving force in shaping the way we program computers.

How the stack got stacked (Kay Lack, September 2024)

Thursday, October 10, 2024

[gikairan]

In a modern fantasy setting, magic users would be the most desirable computer programmers and you can't convince me otherwise

[python-programming-language]

Paradigmen in der Welt der Programmierung ...

www.dev-insider.de/was-ist-ein-programmierparadigma-a-864056/

Behandelte Programmierparadigmen:

strukturierte Programmierung

prozedurale Programmierung

objektorientierte Programmierung

modulare Programmierung

Post #68: DevInsider, Crissi Kraus & Stephan Augsten, Was ist ein Programmierparadigma?, 2023.

[xploreitcorp5]

How much do Java developers earn?

1. Introduction to Java Developer Salaries

What's the earning potential for Java developers? This is a hot topic for students, new grads, and folks looking to get into software development. With the growth of full stack dev, cloud tech, and enterprise software, Java remains essential. Salaries depend on location, experience, and skills. For students in Coimbatore studying Java, knowing what to expect in the industry is key. 

Key Points:

- Java developers are in demand across various fields.  

- Knowing Spring Boot and full stack skills can boost your pay.

2. Java Developer Salary for Freshers

So how much can freshers make? Entry-level Java developers in cities like Coimbatore usually earn between INR 3 to 5 LPA. Completing a Java Full Stack Developer course typically leads to better pay since it covers a wider skill set. Employers often look for hands-on experience, which is why doing Java mini projects or internships is important.  

Key Points:

- Fresh Java developers start around INR 3 LPA.  

- Getting certified in Java can help you land a job.

3. Experienced Java Developer Salaries

With 3-5 years under your belt, what can you expect? Salaries typically range from INR 6 to 12 LPA. Those who take a Java training course in Coimbatore often find they earn more. Companies want people with strong backend skills and experience with tools like Spring, Hibernate, or Microservices. 

Key Points:

- Mid-level Java developers can earn between INR 6 to 12 LPA.  

- Knowledge of Spring and REST APIs can increase your salary.

4. Senior Java Developer Salary

 InsightsFor those at a senior level with over 7 years of experience, earnings can start at INR 15 to 25 LPA. This varies based on company size and responsibilities, plus keeping up with new tech is crucial. Attending weekend Java classes or coaching sessions can help keep skills fresh.

Key Points:-

- Senior Java developers generally earn over INR 15 LPA.  

- Full stack skills can lead to higher pay.

5. Java Full Stack Developer Salaries

People who complete a Java Full Stack Developer Course in Coimbatore often snag higher-paying jobs. Full stack developers with skills in Java, React, and DevOps can earn about 20% more than those focused solely on Java. If you're curious about Java salaries, investing in full stack training is a smart move.  

Key Points:

- Full stack Java developers can earn about 20% more.  

- Having both frontend and backend knowledge is important.

6. Salary Trends in Coimbatore and Tier-2 Cities

In Coimbatore, students of Java courses often ask about earning potential. Starting salaries might be a bit lower than in metro areas, but there’s room for growth. Remote work options are now more common, allowing locals to earn metro-level salaries.  

Key Points:

- Java jobs in Coimbatore offer competitive pay.  

- Remote work opens doors to higher salaries.

7. Java Certification and Salary Growth

Getting certified can mean a 30-40% pay bump compared to non-certified peers. Following a structured Java course helps build strong skills. Recruiters appreciate learning paths and real-world experience from platforms offering Java programs.  

Key Points:

- Java certifications help boost your credibility.  

- Structured training can get you better job offers.

8. Demand for Java Developers in 2025

Looking ahead, there’s expected growth of 15% in Java jobs by 2025. More students are signing up for Java Full Stack Developer Courses in Coimbatore, and chances for freshers are expanding. Mastering Java basics through tutorials can help set you up for success.  

Key Points:

- Job openings for Java developers are on the rise.  

- Full stack training fits well with job market trends.

9. Java Developer Skills That Influence Salaries

Earnings for Java developers often depend on skills like Spring Boot, Microservices, REST APIs, and cloud integration. Regular practice with Java exercises, internships, and coaching can create a strong candidate.  

Key Points:

- Skills in demand directly impact salary.  

- Ongoing learning is vital for career growth.

10. Conclusion and Brand Mention

So how much do Java developers actually make? It varies, but with the right skills and certifications, Java can lead to a rewarding job. Whether you’re just starting out or looking to advance, getting good training is key. If you want to begin or progress in your career, check out Xplore It Corp for Java courses and training designed to help you succeed.  

Key Points:

- Look for recognized training programs.  

- Xplore It Corp can help you close skills and salary gaps.

FAQs

Q1. How much do Java developers earn after certification?

A certified Java developer can earn 30-40% more than non-certified ones.  

Q2. Are Full Stack Developer salaries higher?

Yes, full stack developers generally make 20-25% more due to their wider range of skills.  

Q3. Does location affect salaries?

Absolutely, metro cities tend to pay more, but remote jobs are helping close that gap in places like Coimbatore.  

Q4. Is a Java internship necessary?

Not strictly necessary, but internships can really enhance a resume, especially for those just starting out.  

Q5. What's the best way to learn Java step by step?

Join a structured course, like those from Xplore It Corp, and practice with Java tutorials and coding exercises.

[attitudetallyacademy]

How to Start Your Journey in Computer Science

Introduction

Computer Science is one of the most dynamic and in-demand fields today. From mobile apps to AI, data analysis to cybersecurity, the scope of computer science is vast. For students wondering where to begin, the journey starts with building strong fundamentals.

Whether you're a school student or a graduate exploring your career options, learning core programming languages, data handling, and software skills is the first step. If you’re located in areas like Yamuna Vihar or Uttam Nagar, you’ll find a wide range of structured learning options available to get started on the right path.

1. Begin with Programming Fundamentals

The foundation of computer science begins with learning programming languages. Languages like C and C++ are ideal for beginners as they help build logic and understanding of how a computer processes instructions. Many students begin with:

C Classes or C++ Classes

C++ Coaching Instituteor nearby areas

These help you master the syntax, data types, control structures, and problem-solving skills necessary for advanced learning.

2. Advance to Object-Oriented Programming (OOP)

Once you’re comfortable with the basics, moving on to C++ and Java is a smart move. These object-oriented languages teach you how to write reusable code and develop software systematically.

Students often opt for:

C++ Training or Java Training

Java Coaching Institute for deeper concept clarity

Java Classes for hands-on project experience

These courses prepare you for real-world applications and interviews in software roles.

3. Strengthen Your Data Structure Knowledge

Knowing how to write code is just the beginning. Efficient coding depends on how well you understand Data Structures. This includes arrays, linked lists, stacks, queues, trees, and graphs.

If you're planning to enter software development, software engineering, or competitive programming, joining a good Data Structure Course in or a Data Structure Training Institute is essential.

You can also explore:

Data Structure Coaching Institute in Yamuna Vihar

Data Structure Classeswith live problem-solving sessions

4. Learn About Databases and Query Languages

Another important area is managing and retrieving data. SQL and MySQL are used in almost every application that stores data—from websites to mobile apps. Learning how to interact with databases gives you an edge.

You can begin with:

SQL Classes or SQL Classes

MySQL Training Institute or MySQL

Practical exposure through MySQL Coaching Institute or MySQL Coaching helps in writing efficient queries and understanding database management.

5. Explore Specializations like Web & App Development

Once you’re comfortable with basic coding and data handling, you can start exploring more specific fields. Web technologies like HTML, CSS, JavaScript, JSP, and frameworks like React or Angular are a great way to enter front-end or back-end development.

You’ll find JSP Coaching and JSP Coaching in Uttam Nagar useful if you're interested in Java-based web development.

6. Build a Strong Foundation with Computer Applications

If you’re starting from scratch or want a general overview, Diploma in Computer Application (DCA) and Advanced Diploma in Computer Application (ADCA) are valuable. They cover basic software tools, internet usage, data handling, and more.

Many students choose:

DCA Course or DCA Course

Advanced Diploma in Computer Application for deeper learning

Computer Application Coaching Institute for practical training

7. Practice and Build Projects

Learning theory is not enough. Building real-time projects—like calculators, mini games, websites, or management systems—helps you apply your knowledge and showcase your skills to future employers.

Join local Computer Science Training Institutes in Uttam nagar that focus on project-based learning. Hands-on experience not only strengthens your understanding but also boosts your confidence.

Final Thoughts

The journey into computer science is not a sprint—it's a step-by-step learning experience. Whether you’re looking for C++ Coaching , Data Structure Coaching, or even Computer Science Course, the key is to start with the basics and grow gradually.

Choose courses that focus on real-world applications, give you coding practice, and help you understand concepts deeply. The demand for skilled programmers, software developers, and data analysts is only growing. Now is the right time to begin your journey.

Suggested Links:

C++ Programming Language

Database Management System

Advanced Data Structures

Learn Core Java

[afrologicinsect]

I really love writing these SQL scripts, feeling BaseDD - moving through Logic like Butter.

[s-lorelei]

Things women created and discovered!

All men

Francium (elemental)

Torpedoe radio guidance/navigation systems

Dishwasher

GPS

Wi-fi

Structure of the Milky Way

Kevlar

The Earth's inner core

Aciclovir - an antiviral drug used for the treatment of herpes simplex virus infections, chickenpox, and shingles

Azathioprine - an Immunosuppressive drug used in rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn's disease, ulcerative colitis, and in kidney transplants to prevent rejection

Flossie Wong-Staal was the first scientist to clone HIV and map its genes.

Pyrimethamine was initially developed by Nobel Prize winning scientist Gertrude Elion as a treatment for malaria.

Disposable diapers

Child carriers

Vaccine for whooping cough

The galaxy rotation problem - important to the discovery of dark matter

Radio astronomy - Type I and Type III solar radio bursts

That stars are primarily composed of hydrogen and helium

The new outer arm of the Milky Way - In 2004, astrophysicist and radio astronomer Naomi McClure-Griffiths identified a new spiral arm of the Milky Way galaxy

Radiation

Radon (elemental)

Kinetic energy

Heavy elements in cosmic radiation

Beta particles are electrons

Nuclear shell

Astatine (elemental)

Nuclear fission - helped in the creation of nuclear weapons

Rhenium (elemental)

Seaborgium (elemental)

Polonium and radium (elemental)

Scotchgard

Structure of vitamin B12

Carbon Dioxide

Bioorthogonal chemistry - the concept of the bioorthogonal reaction has enabled the study of biomolecules such as glycans, proteins, and lipids.

Central heating

Square-bottomed paper bag

Correction fluid (white-out)

House solar heating

Wrinkle-free fiber

Windshield wipers

Car heater

Airplane mufflers

Underwater telescopes for warships

Written computer program

Written (programming) language

Chocolate chip cookies

Pizza saver

Mint chocolate chip ice cream

DNA structure

Sex chromosomes

Lactic acid cycle

Transporsable elements

Gap genes

Myers - Briggs Type Indicator

[f4rfields]

uh, for people who are not Aware of programming languages in the ultrakill fandom... the #INCLUDE {blood, formal_blood} FROM "d29tY9==" line is not "confirming" anything in regards to what v1 has in its body anatomically. you can kind of synthesize what it is actually saying based on how different programming languages work and how they are structured.

lines like these are typically used to reference information found in another file like header files (which #INCLUDE is more specifically used in C/C++). header files contain declarations for things like functions, classes, macros, etc. given that we don't know what v1's programming is like fully, maybe it's even referencing some kind of library. but regardless, this is the sort of thing that is happening in lines like these, which are par for the course with programming, especially for things as complex as a robot.

so, v1 seems to be accessing some kind of definition for "blood" and "formal blood" from something referred to here as "d29tY9==" (which people have decoded as "womb") to be used in its programming. that's about all it asserts. d29tY9== could very well be something that all robots utilize in order to understand what blood/fuel is and/or how you can obtain it.

[allastoredeer]

My Hellaverse Writing & Drawing Resources (Masterpost) & Blog Tags

(A lot of this is for me, but feel free to use if you want.)

(Is updated as I stumble across more or make my own resources)

(Real Quick: The iPad I use for drawing is on the cusp of death and I’m saving up to get a new one. However, money is tight and any help—however small—would be so appreciated. Only if you’d like to, of course. There’s no pressure whatsoever. You can find the link to my ko-fi page right -> here <- or at the bottom of this post ⬇️)

Blog Tags

#Undercover Angel AU (for my Angel Alastor au)

#allastoredoodles (my art tag)

#Poison AU (for my Angel & Alastor role-swap au)

My World-Building, Character Analysis, and Lore

The Hierarchal Power Structure in Pentagram City + Royal Family Character Analysis

Lucifer's Religious Trauma - Character Analysis

Why I Don't Include Dante's 9 Circles of Hell in my Hellaverse World-Building Lore

More About Dante's 9 Circles + Imp City and the Goetia

Hellborn and Sinner Similarities and Differences + Classism

Hellaverse Canon Lore Tidbits

Note: Some posts may have repeated canon lore

Post 1

Post 2

Post 3

Hazbin Hotel Facts Part 1

New Information Revealed By The Hazbin Playbill

Art Resources

Alastor

Alastor Drawing Guide

Alastor Cane Drawing Guide & Hand Reference Sheet

Alastor 3/4 (right) Expression Sheet

Alastor Side Profile Breakdown

Full Body Breakdown/Poses

Lucifer

Lucifer Drawing Guide

Demon Form Lucifer Drawing Guide

Vox

Vox Drawing Guide

Husk

Husk Drawing Guide

Rosie

Rosie Drawing Guide

Angel Dust

Angel Dust Drawing Guide

Vaggie

Vaggie Drawing Guide

Character Designs

Sinners From the Show (Collection 1)

Backgrounds

Heaven Embassy (Exterior)

Post-Extermination City-Scape

Writing Resources

The 5 Senses

75 Words That Describe Smell

Descriptive Words for Scents: List of Smell Adjectives

200+ Words to Describe a Voice

How to Describe a Smile in Different Ways

600+ Words to Describe Smiles

What a Decomposing Body Smells Like

300 Creative Words to Describe Hair

General Writing Help

How to Write Immersive Stories Using Description

World Building Tips: Writing Engaging Settings

Writing Action Scenes

Adjectives for Description

Dialogue Tags to Use Instead of Said

6 Seconds, 6 Months - Writing Advice/Challenge

100+ Architecture Terms to Help Describe Buildings

Body Language Cheat Sheets

23 Essential Body Language Examples and Their Meanings

Writing Sex Scenes: How to Heat Up Romance

Miscellaneous

How to Write Realistic Injuries

Explosives and Blasting Agents

BOM: The Next Generation of High Performance Explosives

Burning Points of Various Fabrics

English to Shakespearean (Perfect for Zestial! Thank you @witch-of-the-writing-desk)

English to Old English (Perfect for Zestial! Thank you @witch-of-the-writing-desk)

Fantastic Post About Louisiana and New Orleans (Great for writing Alastor!)

The Complete Butchers Guide to Different Cuts of Meat

What Are the Different Sections or Areas on a Casino Floor?

Casino Design - The Sneaky Tricks That Make You Spend More

A Walk Through the Casino

Radio Scripts from the Golden Age of Radio

Golden Age of Black Radio (Part 1)

Glossary of Early 20th Century Slang in the United States

Historical Slang For Having Sex, From 1351 To Today

Collection of Clothing References for Writing

Portraying Mixed People

Sexual Intimacy During Cancer Treatment

Helpful Websites and Writing Programs

Random Character Generators

Websites For Writers (Collection)

Pacemaker Planner

Hiveword: The Search Engine For Writers

StimuWrite Desktop

OneStopForWriters

LibreOffice (Free Microsoft Word Alternative)

Scrivener

Fighters-Block (Designed specifically to combat writers blocks)

MyNoise (Immersive and customizable soundscapes to help with focus or creating a specific writing atmosphere).

WorldBuilding.StackExchange (A website for answering specific world-building questions)

WordsNStuff (FANTASTIC blog for your all your writing needs)

My Ko-Fi

You know. If you wanna (◕‿◕✿)

[reachartwork]

NOW I'M THE [[It Burns! Ow! Stop! Help Me! It Burns!]] GUY! Deltarune and The Real

i won't be the first person to make these connections, I just want to put my pencil down to paper.

the real, the symbolic, the imaginary

for those unfamiliar with jacques lacan, here's the crash course: lacan divides human experience into three registers or orders.

the real isn't what we typically think of as "reality" - it's the raw, unprocessed, impossible-to-symbolize truth that exists beyond language. it's the terrifying void of pure existence, the thing that burns too bright to look at directly. it's not that the real is hidden; it's that our minds literally cannot process it without mediation. the real is not "the sky is blue", the real is "the photons", and you interpret blueness from it. it's impossible to access directly.

the symbolic is the realm of language, law, and social structures. it's how we organize and make sense of the real through words, systems, and meanings. it's the filter that makes reality bearable.

the imaginary is the domain of images and fantasy - our idealized self-image, our fantasies and illusions. it's where we construct narratives that help us navigate the symbolic while avoiding the real.

deltarune's nested realities

now look at deltarune's structure:

the real - the actual physical world where we, the players, exist

the creator level - gaster(?)/the survey program creator/the voice

the light world - hometown, the "normal" world of kris and toriel

the dark world - the fantasy realms created from objects

nested fantasies - games within games, like Mantle, noelle's various video games

this isn't just cute meta-fiction - it's a lacanian structure. each layer down is a further retreat from the painful brightness of the Realness above. it's no coincidence that the further "down" you go in deltarune, the more underground, the more shadowy things become (and the creepier).

the sun as the unmediated real

let's focus on the symbolism: in deltarune (and undertale), "realness" is consistently associated with light, particularly sunlight, while "fantasy" is associated with darkness and being underground.

the light world exists aboveground, in sunshine. the dark worlds exist below, in shadow. the bunker - which likely houses even deeper truths - is furthest underground of all, a black void of complete darkness.

in undertale, the human world is aboveground in sunlight, while monsters exist underground in the darkness of mt. ebott. humans have physical bodies made of matter; monsters have magical bodies that dissolve into dust when you breathe on them wrong. it's not just that humans are "stronger" than the monsters - in a very determinate sense, humans in undertale are "more real" than the monsters.

(this doesn't necessarily carry over to deltarune - i mostly just bring it up to show that this is a theme that he's been playing with and refining for quite some time. it shows up in the halloween hack too!)

this imagery isn't arbitrary. the sun functions as the ideal symbol of the lacanian real - it's the ultimate object that cannot be directly observed without causing pain and damage. you need protective filters (sunglasses, the symbolic order) to even look at it.

the horror of unmediated reality

this explains why characters who glimpse higher levels of reality break down. in spamton's dialogue, the japanese version specifically refers to burning from brightness, not acid. jevil's madness comes from seeing the world as a prison. their pain isn't from seeing something hidden - it's from seeing too clearly, without the necessary filters.

かってはタダのメール送信担当。いまは[[待ってまぶしすぎて目が痛いもうやめて]]担当death！ In the past, I was just in charge of sending emails. Now I'm in charge of [[Wait! It's too bright! My eyes hurt, stop!]]

(emphasis mine)

ralsei knows the truth too, but bears it with great difficulty. it's torturous to him. why? because as a darkner, he knows he's just a creation, an object given temporary life. he knows the light world is "more real" than he is, and that knowledge is almost unbearable.

the shadow crystal bearers are all people who understand better this distinction between the real and the fake. jevil understands that, because he is "not real", then there is no consequence. spamton instead strives for "realness" - to an extent, he understands that he is "a character", and instead strives to become "a person", like pinnochio. we don't know what the knight's deal is, but gerson, notably, has a liminal position as both a lightner and a darkner. i think that's why he can just throw his crystal in the desk and forget about it - he knows already that he's not real because he knows he's dead, and has already accepted and made peace with it. the crystal holds no allure because he knows that sunlight would dispel the illusion.

escape into darkness as protection

the dark fountains create dark worlds - spaces of fantasy and imagination where the burning light of reality is softened, diffused, made bearable. they're not just escape hatches; they're necessary psychological protections against the overwhelming intensity of the real.

this is why kris keeps creating them, why noelle retreats into them, why susie seeks refuge there. it's not simple escapism - it's a vital mechanism for psychological survival. "darker, yet darker" isn't just a mysterious phrase - it's a description of the essential movement away from the unbearable brightness of unfiltered reality.

game_change and deltarune's mechanics

even the game's mechanics reinforce this. the new "game_change" function toby implemented (allowing separate game instances to launch) mirrors the creation of dark worlds - separate, isolated fantasy spaces that provide relief from the continuity of a singular reality.

each chapter's dark world functions as a self-contained fantasy with its own rules, its own internal logic, yet they share connections. this mirrors how the imaginary order allows us to construct separate but interconnected fantasies that help us navigate the symbolic.

the trauma of awakening

awakening to higher levels of reality is consistently portrayed as traumatic in deltarune. look at how noelle reacts in the weird route when forced to confront the truth that her actions weren't just a dream. the realization leaves her devastated, because the protective fantasy has been stripped away.

that's why the narrative keeps emphasizing how characters create additional layers of fantasy - it's a psychological necessity. mantle exists within the dark world as yet another layer of abstraction and protection. it's fantasy within fantasy, a recursive structure that puts more and more filters between consciousness and the blinding real.

when spamton says that he wants to stand tall with kris and look into heaven, the "upness" of the heaven in question is a necessary part of what he's saying. "the real" exists "above". (this is also why i think "the angel's heaven" is the real world that you and i live in, and the game will end with us being "banished" from hometown, but i won't put too hard a stake in there in case i'm wrong). heaven is above the clouds, where the sun is. when he stands tall, that means he wants to access more realness than his position as a darkner gives him access to.

conclusion: the necessity of fantasy

ultimately, deltarune isn't condemning fantasy or escapism - it's showing how necessary these mediating structures are. we can't directly confront the real; we need the symbolic and imaginary orders to survive.

spamton exists in microcosm. i'm sure you would react the same way if someone forced you to stare into the sun, too.

[steviewashere]

Okay, I'm getting on here to be a little bit pissy. I'm sorry in advance.

I am so in love with the headcanons regarding Steve's hearing, whether it be that he's hard of hearing, actively in the process of losing his hearing, deaf with a hearing aid, or just completely deaf—every version is fucking fantastic. I'm hard of hearing myself, it's fucking great that this representation is being written or drawn. I love it.

However, I'm going to hold your hand as I say this, stop using language such as "when he learns to lipread" or "eventually learns to lipread." Please stop.

He shouldn't have to learn to lip read. That shouldn't be an eventual skill he learns.

And, gonna give you a little bit of history here, it's historically ableist to require a deaf/hoh person to learn lip reading. From the late 1800s and into the late 1960s, there were literally programs across America that would force deaf children to write, speak, and lipread English—they were punished for signing to others in their schools, in public, in their dorms. And that didn't change until "Total Communication" was brought forth as a possibility, a philosophy that declared children would learn better using their preferred communication—whether it be oralism (the practice of writing, speaking, and lipreading) or via signing. However, oral schools that implemented total communication into their core programs had sign language that was structured with English grammar, this is commonly known as Exact Sign Language, or Exact English Sign Language. It's not American Sign Language.

Also, children who were approved for Coclear Implants in the early 1990s, were sent from residential deaf schools into day schools (public schools) that had a primary focus on oral teaching; pushed into day schools with little to no support, were discouraged from signing with even their parents. This was due to the fact that it was believed that signing at home would slow down their learning.

I am such a fan of deaf Steve or HoH Steve, but you have to be careful the language you're approaching his character with. If he has a sign language interpreter, then he most likely already knows sign language and will, also, most likely rely on an interpreter for communication with hearing people. If he is going deaf (maybe because of head trauma, maybe he gets into a traumatic accident, maybe he gets sick and just loses his hearing, maybe he listens to music too loudly and damages his ears that way), Steve will most likely already have the skills to write and speak in English, but lipreading is a skill that's difficult to garner.

I'll say, too, lipreading is fucking difficult because hearing people are so used to speaking (most of the time. I'm not talking about non-verbal hearing people in this conversation)—hearing people will typically talk fast, which makes lipreading muddy and indecipherable. I've been trying to learn this for years and I'm fucking over it, I can't do it. I speak and write, but I also use ASL, too.

Saying that Steve needs to lipread, that's ableist. Saying that he eventually or finally learns to lipread, that's ableist. Fuck it, I'm gonna say this, too—requiring or not giving Steve the option to decide whether or not he wants a hearing aid or implant device is also inherently ableist. Deaf people are (and should be) allowed to have a choice on having to hear. My own sibling made the decision recently to stop using the cochlear implant they've had their entire life because they weren't even given the choice to get one in the first place (and decided they were done with it), they hated the feedback the cochlear had, and it was just irritating in the sense that it would fall off, the volume control would change all on its own, and they just didn't like it. That's their choice. It's important to give a character that choice.

I let this get away from me, but I despise how people talk about his options for communication sometimes. It just rubs me the wrong way. And I think it's best we all reanalyze how we approach his characterization, especially how we can approach crafting the characterization without alienating a group of people.

*this post has been approved by my deaf sibling (who was born deaf), and obviously by me (somebody who can only hear out of one fucking ear. seriously be careful about volume control on your ear buds. and also wear ear plugs at shows. it hurts like hell to damage your ear drum.)

Here's a whole Wikipedia article about deaf education in the US (just in case you wanted another reason to hate America, but also if you're curious. definitely something everybody should learn).

[thewitchandtheassassin]

(The Five Stages of Grief Saga) Anger (Kara Danvers v. Natasha Romanoff)

Summary: What should be a time of grieving becomes a ticking timebomb.

Words: 2048

Warnings: Alcoholism, grief, death, language, abuse mentioned, anger

A/N: This story? Still not for the faint of heart.

-X-

Things fell into a familiarity that left you entirely uneasy. Despite being gone for a year—wallowing in your self-imposed isolation, it almost felt like you’d only been gone days. Unwilling to offer Natasha consideration, given the circumstances, you carefully ushered the grieving widow into their… her home. It was uncomfortable how certain you were of the layout, finding things you needed without ever asking, knowing Tony would never change the structure of his life.

Everything had a place, even if it didn’t always make sense. You could still smell Tony’s cologne lingering in the couch, his haphazard projects scattered around the house. Almost like he’d never left. Like he would be storming through the door any second and announcing himself in some stupid, asinine way that always made you laugh.

There was a near constant feeling of eyes on you, skating across your working form or trying to catch your gaze as you flitted about the house. You refused to acknowledge it, hoping to refute such inappropriate timing, given the current situation and the complete lacking of rights she had to look at you with such longing.

Not when she was the one who fucked up your hopeful future.

Getting Pepper to bed was an even greater task. The woman was exhausted, sobbing into your chest for hours, yet she continued to try and plan the memorial for Tony. In hindsight, she’d be thankful in the morning that you forced her into bed and stayed by her side until she fell into a fitful slumber but at the moment, not so much.

Finally leaving the room, long after the moon had risen and started to set once more, you nearly knocked into Wanda, managing to catch yourself and her before anything too dramatic happened.

“She finally asleep?” Wanda inquired softly, eyes bright with sorrow and aching.

Nodding, you followed the woman into the kitchen, keeping your eyes ahead of you steadily. Of all the people you’d expected to have a conversation with first, she might not have been who you would’ve picked but you were almost thankful she was.

Twirling the ring on her thumb, Wanda settled at the dining table and gestured for you to sit beside her. Her expression dropped at your hesitancy, watching how you shuffled timidly into the chair, but she understood.

“I wish to apologize,” she started, words wavering with emotion as her gaze grew cloudy. “I didn’t want to accept the truth about Natasha’s… problem. She was talking, telling us all of these things, and no one could find you. So it was easier to believe her lies than to try and search for the truth, despite all of her inconsistencies. It is no excuse and I should have never texted you those things but I hope you can accept that I am truly sorry.”

“What gave her away?” you probed, curious to the change of heart.

A tear slid across Wanda’s cheek and, in spite of all the heartbreak and bullshit, you hated to see an old friend cry. Reaching out, you wiped the trail away with a slight smile. She had hurt you more than you’d expected—reading the messages she’d sent you after your escape to National City, but she wasn’t the cause of your pain.

Not anymore.

“She got wasted at Morgan’s recital after party. Tony could not resist throwing one and the adults had an open bar while the children played. She got violent and cruel. She punched Yelena in the jaw when she tried to get her to leave and ranted about how everyone was trying to “force her” to get better and couldn’t “accept” her, just like you. Kept rambling about how we wouldn’t simply leave her the fuck alone.

“After that, Tony and Clint got the truth out of her and he promptly banned her from his home, though he helped get her into a fantastic rehab program just outside of the city. She’s been sober for a few months, or… she says she is… but I…” Wanda trailed off, concerned about the ears listening within the walls.

“You don’t actually think she’s sober,” you concluded quietly.

“I think she is trying,” she responded cordially, ever the politician’s wife, even now. “And I believe she is trying in hopes of winning your heart once again. That she thinks if she can prove this to you, that you’ll forgive everything that happened.”

Exhaling through your nose, you tried to fight your rising anger. Natasha had promised to get sober for months before you left, swearing she’d do it for you. Never wanting to do it for herself.

And that’s why she kept failing.

“I’m here for Pepper—and Morgan. Not her,” you stated pointedly, a piece of you hoping Natasha was listening. To hurt her, if only for a moment. “That ship has sailed, sunk, and now resides at the bottom of the fucking ocean.”

“You are a good friend. Tony loved you dearly.” Wanda nodded sadly, glancing away. “He blamed himself for your leaving, especially when everything came out. He regretted not hunting you down. Regretted not listening to you when you were begging us all to see what we didn’t want to see.”

You bowed your head, feeling undeserving of such a statement anymore. You’d abandoned him, missing his last few months on this plane of existence. If you’d stayed, maybe he’d still be here.

Or at least he would’ve known how much you still loved him… considered him your brother, even if you were hurting.

“I should get some rest,” Wanda admitted, slowly standing from the plush yet oddly uncomfortable dining chair. “Having twins is an exhausting experience. If you have children, have someone else carry them.”

The twinkle in her eye was playful and you chuckled. “Do you have any clue what they are? Or what their names are going to be?”

“Pietro believes I should name one of the boys after him but I quite like the idea of William and Thomas. I am uncertain of Tommy’s middle name but I believe William Anthony would be a fine name.” She deflated slightly. “I have not told anyone else. It is probably best I don’t, for now.”

Watching her wander off into the house, you nearly choked on the burning in your chest, feeling it travel up into your throat.

It was going to be a long few days.

-X-

The morning was fairly quiet. You and Wanda had tasked yourselves with making breakfast, coaxing the blonde woman to eat a few bites before a somber silence enveloped the table as you ate your meal. Careful not to mention the tears falling into her eggs, you settled a comforting hand on Pepper’s leg and continued on.

By noon, Pepper had managed to plan an exquisite celebration that even Tony would’ve been proud of.

Settled into the couch, you tugged out your phone and smiled at messages you’d received from Kara, thumbing through them while Pepper wandered off to nap.

Kara: I know you’re busy, I just wanted you to know I’m thinking about you.

Kara: Lena says to let her know if you want your ex shipped off to the Arctic.

Kara: She’s kidding (but not really).

Kara: I’m here if you need me :)

You: I don’t think Lena should be throwing that kind of threat around lightly lol. I might take her up on the offer ;)

Kara: How is everything going?

You: Nothing much of -

“Oh good, you’re down here.”

You flinched, knowing the inevitable was upon you as Natasha rounded the corner of the expensive, but tasteful upholstery you lounged on. “I was hoping you would be.”

Her voice was too calm, like you were old friends catching up and not lovers who had shattered apart because of her actions and the bottom of a vodka bottle.

Rising from the couch, you kept your head down as you attempted to escape Natasha’s mild ambush but her hand was swift to find your arm, the motion too familiar for what had happened that night. You jerked away, a shiver of terror that was hurriedly morphing into rage slithering along your stiffened muscles.

She winced, hurt shining in her eyes as she evidently caught the fear in your eyes, and the audacity of it nearly sent you into a feral rampage.

“Don’t touch me,” you hissed, glaring at the sheepish redhead. “You’ve done enough of that to last lifetimes.”

“…I’ve been getting sober,” she said, as though it erased the last year of what she’d put you through. “That’s why I wanted to talk.”

“I don’t care.”

Natasha’s gaze darkened, reminiscent of the night you left but you refused to back down. Refused to show her the fear trickling through your blood like a poison, a fear you had—once upon a time—never expected to feel with her.

You’d never give her the satisfaction of watching you break again.

“You used to.”

Natasha wasn’t stupid; she knew now wasn’t the time for this. Knew that some pretty words wouldn’t change what happened—wouldn’t change what she’d done—but God, she missed you. The way you smelled, tasted… the way you’d wrap yourself around her at night and coax her through the withdrawals. Doing it alone had been a nightmare and even now, she still kept slipping up but she was trying…

Why can’t it be enough now?

Snorting humorlessly, you shrugged. “Yeah, that was before you hit me. Before you promised me you’d get help then made me a monster in the eyes of our friends. That was before you cost me the last year of my friend’s life!”

Trying to keep your voice low was impossible by the end of your rant, chest heaving as you glared at the misty-eyed woman you once planned to marry. The beast inside, born of furious agony, was beating against its glass cage – and cracks were forming.

“I never meant to hurt you,” she whispered. “I’m trying to apologize now. Doesn’t that count for anything?” Her eyes were glassy with tears, voice breaking.

Please don’t make this be the end. Please see that I’m trying. Don’t go. Not now.

The furious beast in your chest roared, smashing harder on the glass.

“It doesn’t mean anything right now,” you snarled, desperately searching for a way out of the situation that would do nothing more than escalate. “Our friend is dead and you’re wanting to hash out the past right now? Throughout this entire conversation, you haven’t even owned up to what you did. Haven’t actually said the words ‘I’m sorry’ and that tells what I need to know, Natasha.”

Natasha shrunk beneath your anger, lip quivering in a way you’d never seen before. The pain and hurt on her face so unbearably real. “If we don’t talk now, while you’re here, you’ll just leave again.”

“That’s the point! I don’t want to talk about this, Natasha. There’s nothing to talk about. After Tony is buried, I’ll leave the same way I arrived and no conversation will change that.” Your words were harsh but trembling, hands shaking as you tried to remember yourself. You weren’t here for this—for her.

Her lips parted, another half-hearted argument prepared on the tip of her sharp tongue, offering another barb only meant to serve as a painful reminder, but your next words shattered her composure as you shouldered past her—

“I had bought a ring, y’know? I was going to give it to you when you were finally sober enough to accept it. To show you I loved you, that I was going to stand by you, and all I ever got in return was drunken promises and bruises that a fucking apology can’t undo.”

Storming up to your commandeered bedroom, you barely remembered to stop the door from slamming, trying not to awaken Pepper. Your chest heaved violently, hands trembling.

You wanted to scream… to cry… to break something or drown yourself in tequila. Maybe all of the above. You kept telling yourself you hated her—Natasha. That the night she’d hit you had stolen all of your love and replaced it with an emptiness…

But the truth wasn’t so simple.

And you fucking hated yourself for that.

You: About that plane ticket…

[attitudetallyacademy]

Top 10 C Programming Tips to Write Efficient & Error-Free Code

Introduction

C programming is one of the most powerful languages, forming the foundation of modern software development. Whether you are a beginner or an experienced coder, writing efficient and error-free code is crucial. Here are 10 expert tips to help you improve your C programming skills and write optimized code with ease.

1. Master the Basics Before Diving into Advanced Concepts

Before exploring advanced topics like Data Structure Training in Yamuna Vihar or C++ Coaching Institute in Uttam Nagar, ensure you have a strong foundation in C programming basics. Understanding variables, loops, functions, and pointers will make complex topics easier.

2. Use Meaningful Variable and Function Names

Descriptive variable names improve code readability. Instead of writing:

c

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int x = 10; 

Use:

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int studentCount = 10; 

Similarly, functions should clearly indicate their purpose, making debugging and collaboration easier.

3. Keep Your Code Simple and Structured

Avoid writing lengthy, complex code. Break your program into small functions, making it more readable and reusable. If you’re preparing for Java Training in Uttam Nagar, learning structured coding will be highly beneficial.

4. Use Comments to Explain Your Code

Comments help in understanding the logic behind the code. Always include meaningful comments, especially for complex logic or functions.

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// Function to calculate area of a rectangle 

int calculateArea(int length, int width) { 

    return length * width; 

} 

5. Avoid Using Too Many Global Variables

Excessive use of global variables can lead to unwanted bugs and memory issues. Instead, prefer local variables and pass values through function arguments. This is especially important when learning Data Structure Course in Yamuna Vihar or C++ Training Institute in Uttam Nagar.

6. Optimize Memory Usage

Efficient memory management ensures smooth execution. Use malloc() and free() wisely to allocate and deallocate memory dynamically. If you're considering Computer Science Training in Uttam Nagar, mastering memory management will be a great advantage.

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int *ptr = (int*) malloc(sizeof(int) * 10); 

free(ptr); // Always free allocated memory  

7. Always Initialize Variables Before Use

Uninitialized variables can lead to unpredictable results. For example:

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int num; 

printf("%d", num);  // Undefined behavior 

To avoid errors, always initialize variables before using them.

8. Debugging: Use Print Statements & Debuggers

Using debugging tools like gdb or adding printf() statements can help you quickly identify errors. Debugging is a key skill, whether you’re learning SQL Classes in Yamuna Vihar or preparing for MySQL Training in Uttam Nagar.

9. Follow Standard Coding Practices

Consistent coding style makes programs easier to read. Maintain proper indentation, spacing, and structured loops to keep your code clean.

Example of well-structured code:

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for(int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { 

    printf("Number: %d\n", i); 

} 

10. Practice, Practice & More Practice!

The best way to master C programming is through constant practice. Work on projects, build small applications, and enroll in C++ Classes in Yamuna Vihar or Data Structure Training Institute in Uttam Nagar to sharpen your skills.

Final Thoughts

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