#superpolymers

[abalidoth]

Efficiency

So there's a way to interpret gas mileage. In the United States, we usually measure gas mileage in miles per gallon (mpg) which is a measure of efficiency, not usage. The higher the number, the less gas the car uses. So, a proper usage measurement would be gallons per mile. The weird thing about that, though -- Gallons are a unit of volume, and miles are a unit of distance, so the gallon per mile is actually a unit of area. One gallon per mile is about 2 square millimeters, so a 20 mpg car (similar to my gas car) has a gas mileage of about 0.1 mm^2.

This seems like just a weird numerical trick, but this does actually have a meaning -- if your car was leaving a "thread" of gas behind it instead of burning it, the gas mileage is the thickness of the thread. This is explored in this excellent XKCD what-if.

This is something I've thought about a lot over the years, but something happened recently that made the whole thing more complicated.

Emma and I got an electric car.

Now, the efficiency of an electric car is typically measured in the bizarrely mixed unit of "miles per kilowatt-hour". The watt is a measure of power (energy/time) equal to one joule per second. So the kilowatt-hour is exactly (3600 sec/hr)*1000 = 3.6 million joules. The "mile per kilowatt-hour" is kind of a horrific chimera of four different units, some of which are metric and some of which are imperial. It's a weird one.

But, similarly to the gas car, this is a measure of efficiency, and so inverting it gives us our unit of usage. That would be kilowatt-hours per mile. But, similar to how the gallon as a unit of volume is (length^3), the kilowatt-hour as a unit of energy is (mass*length^2/time^2). For example, the joule, the SI unit of energy, is exactly 1 (kg m^2/s^2). But this means that energy divided by length is (mass*length/time^2) -- that's a unit of force! The kilowatt-hour per mile is a unit of force equal to about 2200 newtons. Our electric vehicle, which gets about 4 miles to the kilowatt hour (or 0.25 kWh/mi) has an "energy usage force" of 550 newtons, or 123 pound-force (that is, the force of gravity on a 123 pound object.)

Kinda like the gas-thread interpretation of gas mileage, this interpretation of energy usage can actually be visualized. This is kind of an "aggregated friction force" representing all of the various sources of inefficiency in the car, the force it has to overcome in order to move forward. 123 pounds is shockingly small to me for the force acting against an entire car -- that's the weight of a fairly small person. I could theoretically lift that much, although not easily.

Now, for the finale, I realized something -- we have a force for the usage of an electric car, and an area for the usage of a gas car. Which means, when you're considering whether to change from using a fossil fuel car to an electric vehicle, you want to compare the efficiency of the two. And when you want to compare things, you use a ratio.

The ratio of a force and an area is a pressure.

The ratio between our EV's energy usage and our other car's gas usage is 5.5 billion pascals of pressure, or about 55,000 atmospheres of pressure.

5.5 gigapascals is a lot -- it's about five times more than the highest pressure chemical reactors, or about one third of the pressure that artificial diamond presses use. The physical interpretation is less clear here, though. I guess if you compress the gas car's "gas tube" to 5.5 GPa, it would exert the electric car's "friction force"? Also, units of pressure are used for tensile strength -- 5.5 gigapascals is very close to the tensile strength of the high-performance superpolymer Zylon -- but I don't have a great sense of what that means.

I don't really have a satisfying ending to this, other than that the next time someone asks me why I got an electric car, I can tell them that it's FIVE GIGAPASCALS better than an internal combustion engine!

[dspkorea]

DSP: An Overview, Priciple Techniques of Nano Coating Technology

DSP‘s cutting-edge technologies have opened a new world of human-centered “eco-friendly stainless steel.”

DSP manufactures metal plate that combines the functional side based on cutting-edge technologies like high vacuum and organic-inorganic hybrid coating with design, using the ‘Roll to Roll’ method to significantly increase productivity and economical efficiency, DSP has created color stainless junction plate ‘INOXTEEL’ and other world-class products that have earned high praise from the customers.

Nano Coating

Applicability and the usability of nanotechnology is wide ranging. The principle of nanotechnology which allows man to manipulate the structure of substances has made it possible for new inventions to thrive. Nanotechnology has become such an extent that around a thousand products manufactured or are being manufactured all over the world, today. Passive nano materials are available for the food and cosmetics industry. Carbon allotropes nano substances are used for other manufacturing sectors, food packaging, appliances and fabric. The construction industry has adopted using nano materials for coatings merchandise and surface, using what's called surface nano substances. Nano particles such as gold particles that are dodecanethiol possess.

Their adhesion properties can be changed. Nano powders could be dispersed into coatings and polymers. When these nano substances implemented to target surfaces and are along with coatings, the surface properties change and make it more resilient to corrosion that is typical, Ultra violet beams, and many selections of damages. The coatings industry is stepping up the creation of nanotechnology solutions. A paint maker developed coatings and superpolymers according to a nanotechnology last year. The outcomes are bacterial fire resistant paints that are super based on clay composites. Nano clay is a material which has outstanding barrier properties and are very cost efficient in its application. architectural stainless steel manufacturer

The anti bacterial coatings will soon be in the market this 2010. Numerous other nanomaterial-based anti-corrosion formulations based on nano substances are also utilized in the construction and under water industries. Heavy machinery painting applications frequently require the best performance in protective coatings. In the petroleum extraction and power generation industries, nano technology protective coatings which are resistant to fluctuations and also extreme temperatures are also being used. With regards to surface protection, nanotechnology is usually used to invent nano scale coatings that make the target surfaces high performing and resistant to damages. The Diamon Fusion nanotechnology is one good example of this technological advancement. copper roofing manufacturer

Theirs is a patented technology for manufacturing of silicone films. Utilizing a patented chemical vapor deposition process, the technique is employed into silicon dioxide based surfaces. These coatings are also effective on glass, ceramic, granite or porcelain surfaces. The technologies involves a two stage chemical process. The first stage creates cross linked films from silica treated surfaces. The 2nd stage caps the surface. The coatings thus increase the surface capability to repel water intrusion. Apart from this distinctive waterproof property, the protective coatings may also provide the surface with good immunity against surface contaminants. Essentially, the protective coatings imbue the surface with easy self cleaning abilities. Diamon Fusion coatings are applied in an air tight room utilizing a vapor deposition system for high volume and also batch applications. It could also be hand implemented as a liquid product to smaller projects.

[fishingrodsreelsandgear-blog]

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[awesome-check-review]

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[danihost-blog]

KastKing Crixus Spinning Fishing Reel,Size4000

KastKing Crixus Spinning Fishing Reel,Size4000

One of the best features of the new KastKing Crixus spinning reel is its slip resistant, SuperPolymer handle knob. It may be a small part of the reel but it’s the part of the reel that is in constant contact with your hands. Crixus spinning reel handle knob grip surfaces are molded with iconic KastKing shark head logos that drain water and channel it away from your hands. These super comfortable…

[omgceramicprotective-blog]

Clay Insulating Films May Protect Your Creating

The usability and applicability of nanotechnology is wide-ranging. The theory of nanotechnology that enables person to manipulate the molecular design of materials has also caused it to be possible for new innovations to flourish. Nowadays, nanotechnology has developed to this degree that about one thousand products are increasingly being developed or stated in laboratories all around the globe using the technology. Inactive nano-materials are actually available for the cosmetics and food industry. Carbon allotropes nano-materials will also be being employed for textile, food packaging, appliances and a great many other manufacturing sectors.

The making industry has also followed the utilization of nano-materials for surface and defensive films services and products, applying what is named "floor functionalized nano-materials." Nano-particles like dodecanethiol functionalized gold particles have special area chemistries which can be controlled. Their adhesion homes can be changed. Nano-powders could be spread to polymers and defensive coatings. When these nano-materials are coupled with films and applied to goal areas, they change the surface properties and ensure it is more resistant to UV rays, normal rust, and various types of damages ceramic protective coating.

Nanotechnology Invention: Defensive Super-Paints

The films industry is walking up the production of nanotechnology products. Only this past year, an French paint producer produced superpolymers and defensive films centered on a patented nanotechnology. The answers are anti-corrosive fire-resistant super-paints based on nano-clay composites. Nano-clay is a material that has excellent buffer qualities and is extremely cost-efficient in its application. The anti-corrosive coatings will be in the market this 2010.

Many other anti-corrosion products centered on nano-materials are also utilized in the construction and underwater industries. Heavy equipment painting purposes frequently need the best performance in defensive coatings. In the oil removal and power generation industries, nano-tech defensive coatings which are resilient to varying and severe temperatures may also be being used.

Exceptional Floor Security with Nanotechnology

With regards to floor security, nanotechnology is often applied to make nano-scale films which make the prospective areas high-performing and resistant to damages.

The Diamon Fusion® nanotechnology is one good example with this technological advancement. Theirs is just a patented technology to manufacture assigned plastic films. Utilizing a patented chemical vapor deposition process, the method is used to silicon-dioxide-based surfaces. These films may also be effective on glass, ceramic, marble or porcelain surfaces. The engineering involves a two-stage substance process. The initial point generates cross-linked films in silica-treated surfaces. The 2nd stage caps the surface. The coatings thus improve the top'capability to repel water intrusion. Besides this excellent waterproofing house, the defensive films may offer the top with great resistance against floor contaminants. In essence, the protective coatings imbue the surface with easy self-cleaning abilities.

Diamon Fusion® films are applied in an air-tight room using a steam deposition system for high-volume and portion applications. It may also be hand-applied as a liquid item to smaller projects. Whatever method of request was applied, the coatings behave in the exact same way. They develop cross-linked and branched, given plastic films in the surface. The final film is clear-colored and closes the surface tightly. The connect shaped by the substance process is strong from then on.

[fishingrodsreelsandgear-blog]

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[fishingrodsreelsandgear-blog]

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