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Indian society has never underestimated the importance of Nature. Living in harmony with nature, respecting nature is embedded in the cultural and moral ethos of every Indian throughout history.
Following examples merely highlight the connection of Indian society and nature: 1. Prehistoric times: a. In the Bhimbetka cave paintings in MP, we can see beautiful paintings of various birds, elephants, bulls etc. Our hunter gatherer ancestors depended on nature for their livelihood and have shown great respect to nature. This is evident from the fact that animals are painted with protruding prominent features and large size. b. The colours used in the paintings are drawn from natural sources like red ochre etc.
2. Ancient times a. We have evidence of animal figures from the Indus Valley times like the Bronze sculpture of a Bull, terracotta toys of animals etc b. India is the birthplace of two great religions of the world - Buddhism and Jainism. Both religions emphasize on conservation of nature, protecting animals through innumerous teachings. c. Ashoka’s Dhamma has edicts which specifically prohibit animal sacrifice, medical treatment of animals etc. d. Kautilya in Arthashastra laid down certain norms for environmental conservation. e. In Hindu Philosophy, ever since the time of vedas we have gods dedicated to the elements of nature. f. In Isopanishad, we can find representation of reverence for nature. g. While constructing temples, special attention has been paid to nature. Temples have representations of Ganga and Yamuna in Northern temple art forms. h. In Southern temples, almost every temple has a kund (a pond) which is frequently visited by animals and birds to quench thirst.
3. Medieval times a. Sufism and the Bhakti movement have paid a lot of attention to the conservation of nature. b. Many Bhakti poets have through their paintings illustrated the importance of nature and the need to respect it. c. During Akbar’s rule, except for rulers, others were banned from hunting.
4. Modern Times a. The Chipko movement, started in Uttarakhand, is a very popular movement against felling of trees. b. Various laws were enacted during British rule, that aimed to limit the exploitation of nature. c. Tribal communities emerged as an important force in conservation of nature. Many tribal movements were launched against encroachment upon forests. d. Meghalaya has a rich tradition of Sacred groves. Ancestral worship is practised on these groves.
5. Contemporary India a. Various laws like WPA,1972; EPA, 1980 have been enacted to protect nature. b. The Tribal communities in India are respected for their intimate connection with nature. Various laws protecting the tribals have been enacted. c. Indian society has long resisted the exploitative forces of industrialisation and modernisation, some of which seek to cause environmental degradation in the name of progress.
Sadly, with time our society has lost awareness about out rich tradition of living in harmony with nature. There is an urgent need to educate the masses and conserve what remains of the beautiful environment around us.
Many more points could be included like traditions that are coherent with nature, festivals that worship nature like makar sankranti, Godavari Pushkaram. The connection and need for harmonious relation with nature could be pointed out by Ganga pollution which has affected lives of millions.
Other points like 1. Bathing cermony - Disiltation of pond, fencing around the pond by community 2. Animal and tree worship - Plantation of trees in the temple premises and on any selected piece of land which are usually used for performing the religious activities. Limited access, only few people are allowed to access 3. sowing and harvesting of crops - 4. Bhajan singing traditions - Important part of cultural life,Sings song in folk atmosphere and moralize people through songs and encourage them not to harm natural resources. For the development of society and welfare
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神の雫 ワイン知ったかBOOK - 亜樹直 & オキモト・シュウ
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