#timeeffective

[jhunjhunurides-blog]

#travelling #travellingrules #timeeffective #trafficrules #travellingguide #travelblogger www.jjrides.com https://www.instagram.com/p/BsnSz9FAAy5/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=nzmld4cq1xnc

[judahwebsolutions]

Judah Web Solutions is the best Google Ad Expert for you if you want to get the best out of your Google Ad campaigns.

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[aadm2]

And a smell of cooked bread. . . . . . . . . . . . #picoftheday #photography #blacknwhitee @ahmedhhamza #apple @apple #photography #architecture #city #marmaris #turkey #daylife #rainyday #cloudyday #photographylovers #photographylife #nature #timeeffect #time #calm #instagram @instagram #somewheremagazine @somewheremagazine (at Marmaris) https://www.instagram.com/p/B0L-7hxHQtv/?igshid=ynsgoqv0wr4n

[hairangel99]

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[journalofbiosensorssources]

Evaluation of Molecular Methods to Be Used in Sensors for The Detection of Bacteria in Water

Abstract

Waterborne E. coli and E. faecalis remain a major economic problem worldwide because of their significant impact on health and disease. There is a constant need for new diagnostic tools that can detect low bacterial concentrations in a more cost- and timeeffective manner. The development of rapid and simple molecular detection in situ is required where specialized laboratory services are limited. Hereby, the recovery of DNA from artificially contaminated water samples of three different DNA extraction methods was investigated. Two commercial kits (DNeasy Ultraclean Microbial Kit, Dynabeads™ DNA DIRECT™ Universal Kit) and a boiling method were evaluated. All methods produced DNA in sufficient concentration ranging 64.55-184.7 ng/μL for E. coli and E. faecalis, respectively.

Read more about this article:https://lupinepublishers.com/biosensors-renewable-sources/fulltext/evaluation-of-molecular-methods-to-be-used-in-sensors-for-the-detection-of-bacteria-in-water.ID.000137.php

ReadmoreLupinePublishersGoogleScholarArticles:https://scholar.google.com/citations?view_op=view_citation&hl=en&user=5ql0QHJV55QC&citation_for_view=5ql0QHJV55QC:7PzlFSSx8tAC

[raingerventures]

Territory Sales Manager - Real Estate

Territory Sales Manager – Real Estate

Responsible for development of new businesses in the territory assigned. Planning and executing off-line and outdoor marketing campaigns as directed from time to timeGeneration and efficient management of business leads for revenue generation Meeting revenue and profitability targets assigned from time to timeEffective coordination with all internal departments and senior management to deliver…

[rafikhan]

Follow These 12 Steps and Become a Master at Time Management.

What is time management?Time management is the skill of planning your tasks based on the time you have to work. These skills can help you prioritize items in your daily schedule, allowing you to finish them on time. With practice, they can ensure you're doing what you're supposed to at the right time. Time management can take many forms like using a checklist or a timer to track your progress throughout the day.Here are 12 benefits of practicing effective time management skills: 1. Decreased stressLearning to manage your time can reduce your stress levels. Because you can schedule smaller parts of your day, you can leave room for irregularities or issues that might cause stress. For example, if you think that a project might take longer than originally planned, schedule extra time for that task. Even if you work on it longer, you can still be confident you have time to finish everything else, helping you remain calm. By using tools and planning techniques to prioritize your daily tasks, you will feel less overwhelmed by what you need to do.2. Increased productivityOnce you master time management, you'll be better equipped to finish tasks or projects more quickly, increasing your productivity. You may notice that you're completing a task in less time and stressing less about deadlines. By following a calendar, tracking deadlines in management software, or keeping a to-do list of impending deadlines, you can better plan your work around those deadlines3. Positive reputationWhen you keep up with your work and remain on a schedule, your coworkers and employer are likely to realize they can rely on you and hold you in higher regard. You can become known as someone who doesn’t procrastinate or push tasks off on others because you aren’t confident about accomplishing them. A positive reputation in the workplace can lead to career advancement, increased earning potential, more responsibilities, and overall better workplace satisfaction.4. More energy for free timeEffective time management strategies let you know when a task will be completed, reducing the amount of energy you might spend worrying whether you can finish all of your work for the day. Instead, you can plan time for a break from your usual routine. Because time management allows you to plan when your work will be finished before you start it, you can save energy in your free time. Having more free time can improve your work-life balance and ensure you're saving some time for yourself.5. Clear daily goalsBy using time management to organize what you need to do each day, you can simplify your day and spend less time deciding what to do or how to do it. For example, if you have a complex project with an outline that requires multiple, yet unclear steps, it might help to decide what to do for each step before beginning the project. The project then becomes a simple list of tasks that provides direction. By planning out your objectives, you don’t waste time figuring them out as you go. This can mean less time wondering what you should be working on and more time working on it.6. Improved focusLearning to manage time effectively can improve your focus while you work. Dedicating a specific amount of time to a project or task prevents you from juggling too many responsibilities at one time since every task has its own time slot. Time management also allows you to schedule daily tasks in an environment where you can be productive and stay focused. For example, you might answer emails in a quiet room in your home or conduct highly focused tasks in a low-traffic area of the office.7. Streamlined decision-makingManaging your time and making decisions about your schedule can build your decision-making skills in other aspects of your life. Time management allows certain decisions to be made and quickly because you've planned for them ahead of time. The process of making decisions in advance can improve your abilities to identify priorities and what actions need to be taken.8. Reaching goals fasterA large part of time management is making goals for yourself. When you develop a pattern of setting small goals and then reaching them, you can reduce the time it takes to reach such goals. You can apply the same technique of breaking goals into smaller tasks even as you set bigger goals over longer periods.9. Improved quality of workAs time management becomes a habit, you can spend more time improving your quality of work because you have allotted time for each task. This can also give you time to consider all aspects of a task and make sure you complete them correctly. Doing it right the first time to prevents you from redoing a task or project.Even the best employees always have room for improvement so finding ways to better your work and processes can benefit you now and in the long term. You might even find time for career growth opportunities. This could mean taking on more assignments or speaking to a superior about a possible promotion.10. More confidencePracticing time management can boost your confidence through positive self-reinforcement. When you complete a schedule of tasks or a small list of goals every day, you can feel satisfied by accomplishing tasks and become more confident in your working abilities. When work is going well, you can feel more fulfilled by the work you complete because doing each task feels like accomplishing a goal.11. Improved self-disciplineWhen practicing time management, you can improve your self-discipline by adhering to a schedule or plan. You will be training yourself to do what you set out to do. For example, if you have a habit of finishing your end-of-day tasks hastily because you typically run out of time to do so, sticking to your task schedule can help you better devote your full attention and energy to completing your work with the right amount of attention and thought.12. Better workplace relationshipsTime management can help you build workplace relationships. If you manage your time well, others will know they can rely on you and might develop their own time management skills. If everyone in an office practices time management and maintains effective communication, there will likely be fewer opportunities for workplace conflicts.For more informative and life-changing ideas visit our blog page and learn everything from us.

[bluesurf]

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Looking for an automated palletizing Solution?Get In Touch With Experts,Request for a quote now enquiry@bluesurf.co.in

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[rpg86x]

Not all #ingredients of these #juices are #organic but I still think these #fresh and #raw juices #taste quite good, are #affordable and are also #time #effective Thanks too @albertheijn #albertheijn #timeeffective P.s. I dont really recommend their #smoothies because I think that they are #strange #food #combinations #foodcombining — view on Instagram https://ift.tt/3jHTsDo

[marcuslasha]

Just about ready for #preproduction #excellent #sound #recordingstudioquality #simplebutpowerful #affordable timeeffective #dopebeats #nodistractions #mixandmaster #krypticthestranger #lashamarcus #gottalockdownthewholesituation (at Basel-City) https://www.instagram.com/p/B_hl28UgGNxmPu8-iHS25QEA2kXie6z8Ps2IoY0/?igshid=nyqfd09o3jmp

[globalvoiceradio-blog]

Episode 46 – Where does the TIME go? The Time Paradox

[jhunjhunurides-blog]

#timeeffective #timesaving #timesavingtransportation #carpoolingapp #cotravelling #ridesharingservice www.jjrides.com https://www.instagram.com/p/BsNgT1rAlHc/?utm_source=ig_tumblr_share&igshid=1oxwv1l5bwfy1

[judahwebsolutions]

Google Ad Expert

Judah Web Solutions is the best Google Ad Expert for you if you want to get the best out of your Google Ad campaigns.

We have years of experience helping businesses reach their goals through effective, results-driven campaigns.

We have a team of experienced professionals who are well-versed in Google Ads and can help you create campaigns that are tailored to your specific goals. Whether you want to increase traffic and conversions, or just get more visibility for your brand, we can help.

Our team of experts will help you stay up to date on the latest Google Ad trends and strategies.

More Information Visit Our Website - https://judahwebsolutions.in Contact - 8870096555 E-mail - info@judahwebsolutions@gmail.com

[achwaqkhalid]

One day after another 🚪 ♻️ On And On, On And Off, Decay, Decaying, Beauty Of Decay, Decomposing, Disappearing, Vanishing, Rusting, Rusting Away, Rusting Metal, Time Effect, Arrow Of Time, Entropy, Chaos, Disorder, MnM, MnMl, Mnmlsm, Minimalism, Minimal, Minimalistic, Minimalmood, Weathered, Rusty at Casablanca by 👻Achwaq Khalid💀 on EyeEm

[domyhomeworkhelp]

PROJ6006_Assessment_04

PROJ6006_Assessment_04.Docx Page 1 of 6

ASSESSMENT BRIEF 01Subject Code and Title PROJ6006: Organisational Behaviour and PeopleManagementAssessment 01: Participation in DiscussionsIndividual/Group IndividualLength Approximately 250 words for the main post andminimum of 2 responses to other students.Learning Outcomes 1, 2, 3Submission End of Module 2 and 3Weighting Module 2 = 10% and Module 3= 10%Total Marks 20 marks

Context:

  Students will practice professional communication with peersStudents will discuss Organisational Behaviour concepts, as they relate to ProjectManagement, in a group settingStudents will practice communication of personal perspectives on project case analysisand the development of project teams

By participating in discussion threads, students will practice the skill of professionalcommunication and thought sharing with colleagues. They will also have the opportunity toapply Organisational Behaviour theory to practical situations by discussing case studies andproject management scenarios applicable to the theories. In addition, participants cansynthesize lessons of the module by applying them to current or prior professionalexperiences.Instructions:To participate in the discussions, complete the required module readings and research prior toclass.Face-to-Face students will participate in the discussions, during class, in week 2 of Module 2 & 3.The main post will be written in class, the student will then write a minimum of 2 responses toother students posts.Online classes will submit their main post to the discussion board. The student’s ability to seeother student’s posts is activated only after they make their first post to the discussions.PROJ6006_Assessment_04.Docx Page 2 of 6Discussion 1: Shared Reflection/Discussions topic – Due end of module 2Through reflecting on the case study presented in module 1 learning resources, describe oneor more of the types of power, defined by Shenoy, which could be demonstrated positively ornegatively by the leader of the team. Further discuss how a project manager can use this typeof power to impact the performance of the project team and improve the likelihood ofproject success? What benefits can be gained from using more than one source of influencewhen leading a team? Is there a difference between influence and manipulation? Justify youranswer.Respond to at least two or more colleagues’ postings, offering further support or potentialchallenges to using the power types in a Project Management capacity.Discussion 2: Shared Reflection/Discussion topic – Due end of module 3What advantages are there to groups/teams comprised of members from around the globe?How would these advantages be different in complex projects? What challenges do youbelieve a PM will face in managing a project group over international boundaries? How canyou prepare for, or minimise these challenges?Respond to at least two or more colleagues’ postings, offering further support or potentialchallenges in globally located teams.Subject Learning Outcomes:• Critically analyse the use of ‘power’ in organisations to achieve project outcomes, themanagement of stakeholder objectives and the impact this has on the agency of projectteams.• Develop and apply a range of leadership and communication strategies to achieveproject success for all stakeholders.• Reflect on your performance as a project manager in a range of situations, drawing onfeedback from others in addition to progress against achievement of outcomes.Learning Rubrics

AssessmentAttributesFail (Unacceptable)(0-49%)Pass (Functional) (50-64%)Credit (Proficient)(65-74%)Distinction(Advanced) (75-84%)High Distinction(Exceptional) (85-100%)Issues and challenges onmanaging teams.15%Confuses logic andemotion.People managementinformation are takenfrom reliable sourcesbut without a coherentanalysis or synthesis.Lacks evidence from theview point of peoplemanagement experts.Resembles a recall orsummary of peoplemanagement andsystems, theirassociated risks andimplementationprocesses.Conflates/confusesassertion of personalopinion with peoplemanagement informationsubstantiated byevidence from theresearch/coursematerials.Attempts to synthesisecitation from peoplemanagement sources.Viewpoints of peoplemanagement expertsare taken as fact withlittle questioning.Supports personalopinion with evidencefrom reliable peoplemanagement sources.Demonstrates a capacityto explain and applypeople managementconcepts, theirassociated risks andimplementationprocesses.Identifies logical flaws inthe evidence frompeople managementsources.Questions viewpoints ofpeople managementexperts.Discriminates betweenassertion of personalopinion and peoplemanagement sources.Capacity to explainand apply peoplemanagementconcepts, theirassociated risks andimplementationprocesses issupported by robustevidence fromresearch/coursematerials.Questions viewpointsof peoplemanagement experts.Analysis andevaluation reflectgrowing judgement,rigor and adaptability.Discriminates betweenassertion of personalopinion and peoplemanagement sourcessubstantiated by robustevidence from theresearch/course materials.Questions viewpoints ofpeople management expertsand offers critical analysisof information taken fromoutside sources.People managementinformation is taken fromsources with a high level ofinterpretation/evaluationto develop a comprehensivecritical analysis or synthesis.Identifies gaps inknowledge. Exhibitsintellectual independence,rigor, good judgement andadaptability.

High Level of personalautonomy andaccountability 15%Does not reflect uponown learning.Is unreliable and/oruntimely insuccessfullycompleting tasks.Blames others forinefficiencies andinaction.Reflects on ownbehaviour and impacton others, modifiesbehaviour whennecessary.Uses adequatereflection for ownlearning.Takes responsibilityfor own actions andcompletes tasksindependently ontime.Reflects on ownbehaviour and impacton others, modifiesbehaviour whennecessary.Uses reflection forown learning.Takes responsibilityfor own actions andcompletes tasksindependently ontime.Demonstratesresilience bybalancing prioritiesand managing time.Reflects andevaluates on ownbehaviour andimpact on others,modifies behaviourwhen necessary.Uses appropriatereflectivestrategies for ownlearning.Takes responsibilityfor own actionsand completestasksindependently ontime.Demonstratesresilience bybalancingcompetingpriorities,managing timeeffectively andovercomingobstacles.Critically Reflects andanalyses own behaviorand impact on others,modifies behaviour whennecessary.Applies critical reflectivepractice for own learning.Takes responsibility forown actions andcompletes tasksindependently on time.Demonstrates effectiveresilience strategies bybalancing competingpriorities, managing timeeffectively andovercoming obstacles.Sensitive to diverse andcomplex contexts.

Knowledge andunderstanding of themanagement ofstakeholderobjectives and theimpact this has on theagency of projectteams15%Shows limitedunderstanding of themanagement ofstakeholderobjectives and theimpact this has on theagency of projectteams.Does not address keycomponents ofstakeholderobjectives.Resembles a recall orsummary of key ideasabout stakeholderobjectives.Addresses the impactof stakeholderobjectives on projectteams.Demonstratesclearunderstanding of theconcept of agency.Supports personalopinion andinformationsubstantiated byevidence from theresearch materials.Explains managementof stakeholderobjectives and appliesto the concept ofproject teams.Elaborates clearly therelationship betweenmanaging stakeholderobjectives and theagency of projectteams.Discriminatesbetween assertion ofpersonal opinion andinformationsubstantiated byrobust evidence fromthe researchmaterials.Critically discriminatesbetween stakeholderobjectives, theirmanagement, and theimpact these have onthe agency of projectteams.Supports personalopinion andinformation by robustevidence from theresearch materialsand extended reading.Analysis andapplication ofleadership andLimited synthesisand analysis ofcommunicationDemonstratesanalysis andsynthesis ofcommunicationWell-developedanalysis andsynthesis ofThoroughlydeveloped andcreative analysisandSophisticated and/orcreative analysis,

communicationstrategies forproject success15%strategies to achieveproject successand/or insufficientidentification ofstakeholders.Limited application/recommendationsfor leadershipstrategies to achieveproject success.strategies to achieveproject success.Appliesrecommendationsfor leadershipstrategies toachieve projectsuccess.Howeverinsufficientlyidentifies allstakeholders andtheir relation toproject success.communicationstrategies withapplication ofrecommendations toachieve projectsuccess linked toanalysis/synthesis.Appliesrecommendationsfor leadershipstrategies toachieve projectsuccess.Sufficientlyidentifiedstakeholders inrelation to theproject success.synthesis ofcommunicationand/or leadershipstrategies to achieveproject success.Well demonstratedidentification andanalysis ofstakeholders.synthesising newand existingknowledge ofcommunicationandleadershipstrategies to achieveproject success.Critically analysedrelationship ofstakeholders inrelation to projectsuccess.Recommendationsare clearly justifiedbased on theanalysis/synthesis ofproject success.Participation andcontribution15%Fails to participatein any discussion.Fails to add anycontribution to thepost of others.Rarely participatesin discussion forumsAdditions to thepost of others aresuperficial and lackinsight.Frequentlyparticipates indiscussions.Contributions to thepost of others showinsight and advancethe topic underdiscussion.Participates in alldiscussions.Contributions to thepost of others showinsight and adddepth to the topicunder discussion.Participates fullyand actively alldiscussions.Contributions to thepost of others showinsight and take thetopic underdiscussion into newdirections.

Gives constructivefeedback to peers15%Fails to offer anyfeedback.No support orencouragement topeers.No awareness orsensitivity todiversity amongstpeers.Offers feedback butrarely constructiveor useful.Feedback is notalways clear orspecific to guidepeers.Little support orencouragement topeers.Demonstrates littleawareness of and/orsensitivity todiversity amongstpeers.Offers feedback thatis sometimesconstructive oruseful.Feedback isprovided withexamples to guidepeers.Some support andencouragement topeers.Demonstrates somelevel of awarenessof and sensitivity todiversity amongstpeers.Offers constructivefeedback regularly.Formulates themerits of alternativeideas or proposalsand communicatesthem to peers.Offers support andencouragement topeers.Demonstrates ahigh level ofawareness of andsensitivity to diversityamongst peers.Always offersdetailedconstructivefeedback that isspecific andappropriate.Expertly articulatesthe merits ofalternative ideas orproposals andcommunicates themeffectively to peers.Provides expertassistance, support,and encouragementto peers.Consistentlydemonstrates a highlevel of awarenessof and sensitivity todiversity amongstpeers.

EffectiveCommunication 10%Difficult tounderstand foraudience, nological/clearstructure, poor flowof ideas, argumentlacks supportingevidence.No effort is made tokeep audienceengaged, audiencecannot follow theline of reasoning.Little use ofpresentation aids,or the presentationaids and materialused are irrelevant.Information,arguments andevidence arepresented in a waythat is not alwaysclear and logical.Attempts are madeto keep theaudience engaged,but not alwayssuccessful. Line ofreasoning is oftendifficult to follow.Presentation aidsare used more foreffect thanrelevance.Information,arguments andevidence are wellpresented, mostlyclear flow of ideasand arguments.The audience ismostly engaged,line of reasoning iseasy to follow.Effective use ofpresentation aids.Information,arguments andevidence are verywell presented, thepresentation islogical, clear andwell supported byevidence.Engages theaudience,demonstratescultural sensitivity.Carefully and wellpreparedpresentations aidsare used.Expertly presented;the presentation islogical, persuasive,and well supportedby evidence,demonstrating aclear flow of ideasand arguments.Engages andsustains audience’sinterest in the topic,demonstrates highlevels of culturalsensitivity Let’s block ads! (Why?)

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PROJ6006_Assessment_04

[yesilovehorses-blog1]

Feeding PPID Horses

New Post has been published on http://lovehorses.net/feeding-ppid-horses/

Feeding PPID Horses

Withbriskdiagnosis, drug therapy withaccustomedblood work to check dosage,andthewell-managed diet,manyhorses with PPIDcanappreciatescoreshappywithactive years.

Photo: iStock

Q. My veterinarian is concerned that my 22-year-old gelding mightHavemetabolic issues,thereforewe tested him for Cushing’swithinsulin resistance. We just got the results backandhis ACTH was close to 150 pg/ml (normal range 9 to 35)andhis insulin was 45 uIU/ml (normal 10 to 40). We will be starting him on pergolide, but I wouldsimilartorealizehow I shouldcapturehis diet. What suggestions do you have?

A. In the fall, measuringonehorses adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) levels is often usedAt the timeandiagnostic tool for pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID, also knownAsequine Cushing’s disease). It peaks between mid-August to mid-October assectionof the metabolic preparation for winterwithresults in levels anywhere up toaboutthree times those found at other times of the year. Itusedto be thought that this made early fallonepoor time of year toutilizeACTH levelsOnceadiagnostic tool. However, in recent years, research has shown that horses with PPIDHaveaseasonal rise that is even higher than unaffected horses.oppositeto previousviewthis might in factMakingfallonegood time of year totestdue to the potential foranmore profound response to the seasonal ACTH rise in horses with PPID.

Disease Overview

The pituitary tumors associated with PPID influences the adrenal glands to release cortisol,thestress-related hormone. Cortisol plays animportantrole in the metabolism of carbohydrates, proteins,andfatswithhelps toaccustomedthe effects of insulin in the breakdown of sugar for energy. It isanvitallysignificanthormone; however, when elevated for extended periods,Whenin the case of high circulating ACTH, high cortisol levels could havesomenegative consequences. These include inducing adegreeof insulin resistance (IR), muscle wasting,anpot-belly appearance, immune deficiency,andoneincreased susceptibility to infections.

You horse’s elevated insulin level might be the result of the effects of the elevated ACTH on cortisol levels due to PPID. OfcoursesomehorsesHavinghigh levels of circulating insulin indicative of IR without having PPID. But in horses with PPID,particularlythose not considered to be at risk of IR, IR is commonly the result of the PPID.

Insulin’s major role in the body is to signal cells tocaptureup glucose in orderto maintaincirculating blood glucose levels withinarelatively tight range. When cells become insensitive to insulin the pancreas secretes more insulinto getthe sameundertakingdone. Diabetes, where both circulating insulinandglucose levels are high, is rare in horseswithoccurs only in extreme cases. When cells cannotGettingthe energy they need from glucose the body mobilizes fat. However, high insulin levels also reduce the burning of fuels in muscle tissue andthereforethe fat is storedintermittentlychiefto unusual fat deposits suchAsthe development ofancresty neck, fatty sheath, or tail head areaOnceseen insome oneshorses with IR. 

Fat stores are not thecharmingdeposits weAsthought they were. Fat is actually active tissue secreting pro-inflammatory cytokines thatHavingoneeffect throughout the horse’s body. Therefore, horses with IR mightHavecontinuallow-grade inflammation. Additionally unchecked elevated insulin levels increaseahorse’s risk for developing laminitis.  

How Diet ChangescanHelp

Cushing’s is managed with pharmaceuticals. However, because horses with PPID are at risk of developing—or already have—IR, nutritionistswithveterinariansgenerallyrecommend feedingandiet low in non-structural carbohydrate (NSC).oneNSC dietmaysteadylevels of circulating glucosesothat novery specialelevation in insulin occurs.

lotspeople worryaboutremoving grainwithtreats from their PPID/IR horse’s diet. While grainsandtreats high in starchwithsugar should be removed, the No. 1 concern needs to be your horse’s forage.AsIcomprehendit, you won’tMakethe positive impact needed by removing afrivolousamount of grain from the dietprovidedthe horse continues to eat  1.5% or more of its body weight per day of hay that’s high in NSCs.

everyhorse feeds, including forages fed to horses with PPIDwithIR, should contain no more than 10% combined starchandether soluble carbohydrate (ESC), which is aassortmentof carbohydrate that—like starch—is digested inandabsorbed from theshallowintestine. Both starchandESCproceedto raised circulating glucose levelswithin turn insulin.some onesverytouchyhorses appear to benefit from having low water soluble carbohydrate (WSC) levels in the diet. The WSC fractiongenerallycontains the ESC fraction but alsosome onesslightly more complex sugars. Those researching metabolicconditionsin horsesgenerallyrecommend that horses with PPID and/or IR be fed forages with no more than 12% starchandWSC onandry matter basis.

Note: In plant science, WSCwithstarch are known collectivelyWhenNSC. However, not everyone defines this term the same way,thereforeit’svery specialwhen assessing feeds by NSC level to find out how the value was calculated. That way youmaycompareDifferentfeeds d more accurately.

Hay testing. Of course,allthis information onDifferentvalues is irrelevantwhetherthe forages you are feeding are not tested. You cannot accurately tell any of these values by looking atonehay. Therefore, I highly recommend testing hays. Aendeavorthat provides atotalprofile ofeverythe carbohydrate fractions plus much more shouldmanipulateyou no more thanof$30. But, frequent changes in hay mightMaketesting impractical.

providedhay is not tested or is higher in WSC than is ideal, it should be soaked to removesomeelementof the sugars. Soaking for 30 to 60 minutes is adequate, using hot water might be more effective than using cold water,andsoaking for hours should be avoidedAt the timeother nutrients could be removedmoreoverto the sugars. The amount of sugar removed will vary with each hayandmight still be higher than ideal, although better thanprovidednot soaked. Again the only way toknowiffullysafe is toendeavorasample after it has been soaked.

Choose forage wisely. Grass hays are typically best for horses with PPIDandIR; however, alfalfagenerallytestsAshaving lower NSC than grass haysandmight beangood option insome onessituations. Iignorealfalfaprovidedthe horse is over weight as, per pound, alfalfa provides more calories than most grass hays. AnecdotallysomePPID or IR horses are reportedWhendoing poorly on alfalfa. I think it isthematter of knowing your horseandmakedecisions based on thattransparentindividual. I typicallyselectalfalfa at no more thanapproximately25 to 30% of the forage for most of the horses I work with whether or not theyHavePPID or IR.

onepotential benefit ofsome onesalfalfa forthehorses with PPID thatmaysuffer with muscle wastage is that the improved protein quality in the diet that results might help maintain muscle mass. For the same reasonthehigh-protein ration balancing feed that is low in NSC (most are low in NSC but not all,thuscheck with your manufacturer)canbeanvery goodchoicefor horses with PPID. They also insure theallnecessarymicronutrients are beingwhetherwhich is vital for the effective functioning of metabolismwithimmune system.

Other options when testing forage or soaking are not possible include utilizing commercial chopped, pelleted, or cubed forages thatHaveguaranteed NSC levels. Youcanfeed these instead ofsomeorallof your other forage to reduce the diet’soverallNSC. Sugar beet pulp without molasses is another low-NSC option for replacingsomeof your forage. 

Antioxidant support. While the pathophysiology of PPID is still notespeciallyunderstood,somestudies suggestion that horses with PPIDHaveanhigher level of oxidative stress that might contribute to the loss of hypothalamic innervation in the pituitary. This, combined with the fact that abanalsignalof PPID is reduced immune function in affected horses, suggests that supplementation with antioxidants mightbidsupport. Vitamin C production in the horse’s liver might not beAt the timeeffective in senior horses,andhay is typically quite in vitamin E. Therefore, providing supplemental sources of both thesedistinctiveantioxidants might benefit PPID horses.

Omega-3 fatty acids. Research suggests that feedingthesource of omega-3 fatty acids to horses with IR could help improve insulin sensitivity. Since most forage based diets tend to be low in omega-3 fatty acids I recommend supplementing horses with PPIDandIR with omega-3 fatty acids from plant, algal, or marine sources. Horses in the research trial were fed 38 gramsanday of omega-3 fatty acid.

Take-Home Message

Withfleetdiagnosis, drug therapy withstandardblood work to check dosage,andanwell-managed diet,innumerablehorses with PPIDmaysimilarlynumeroushappyandactive years.

About the Author

Clair Thunes, PhD

Clair Thunes, PhD, istheindependent equine nutrition consultant who owns Summit Equine Nutrition, based in Sacramento, California. She works with owners/trainersandveterinarians across the United Statesandglobally tochoosethe guesswork out of feeding horses. Born in England, she earned her undergraduatemeasureat Edinburgh University, in Scotland,andher master’sanddoctorate in nutrition at the University of California, Davis. Growing up, she competed inanwide array of disciplineswithwastheactive member of the United Kingdom Pony Club. Today, she servesAsthe regional supervisor for the Sierra Pacific region of the United States Pony Clubs.Onceonenutritionist she works withallhorses, from WEG competitors to Miniature Donkeysandeverything in between.