#to see another performance of ddl

[mermaidsirennikita]

and none for bradley cooper! you love to see it

He was MAD too. You could see it written on his face, and he's always been rumored to have thrown a fit over not getting nominated for Best Director for ASIB (even though he WAS nominated for Best Actor).

I think he's just... so bizarrely entitled. I'm not saying he isn't a talented actor (directing... who knows if ASIB was a fluke, and I do think he benefited from it being a remake, with three versions to draw from--it wasn't even the first one to focus on the music industry versus the movie industry). But Bradley was a comedy guy for years, and many of those movies were absolute stinkers. The Hangover Part II and III, He's Just Not That Into You, ALL ABOUT STEVE??? He was the "Not Michael Vartan" on Alias.

He really began to turn it around (moviewise) with Silver Linings Playbook and his other David O. Russell movies (which....) and tbh other actors understandably always got more attention--Jennifer Lawrence, Christian Bale, Amy Adams. He wasn't ever this guy who LOST BY A HAIR or was seen as like... super respected but passed over. Leonardo DiCaprio, easily one of the best actors of his gen, got passed over for an Oscar 4x (never mind the times when he wasn't nominated and should've been lol) and he's probably about to have another loss lol. Bradley has been nommed 4x, and let me tell you, he ain't Leo.

It seems like he has this very "I'm due" perspective, when much better actors, including those who have BEEN respected and seen as True Artists for way longer than he has (like Cillian) have waited way longer to get their flowers. It's like... no dude. You have been THISCLOSE to clinching.

Like, let's get granular. SLP, he lost to DANIEL DAY-LEWIS. DDL. One of the GOATs. Did you REALLY think you were gonna beat DANIEL. DAY-LEWIS. There were (other) better performances than Bradley that year (I think Denzel was excellent in Flight) but it wasn't even close, dude.

American Hustle--admittedly this was a shitty category that year, full of shitty people. But Jared Leto was very much seen as a shoe-in, as much as I hate to say it. Barkhad Abdi, I'm sorry.

American Sniper--honestly, such a bad movie lol. And he lost to Eddie Redmayne (whew, The Theory of Everything has taken a hit recently) who was in a very standard, "he had to work really hard physically" movie, but like... he did legit have to do some challenging work. And if it wasn't him, it would've been Michael Keaton, who was in a really different movie and had a strong comeback narrative.

ASIB--honestly, his strongest showing to me, but he wasn't ever gonna win. Rami was seen as obligatory after Bohemian Rhapsody. Which... I think Rami is a great actor. BR was a mess with a frankly disrespectful depiction of Freddie Mercury. I don't think it was THAT GREAT a performance either. But he did go into it very expected to win. This is probably the closest Bradley got and honestly, I would've given it to him because the category was weak that year, but I don't think he had a REALLY GOOD chance. Rami was anointed by then. And tbh, when he got passed over for Best Director... I think the writing was on the wall. I think he over-campaigned, and Lady Gaga was the real centerpiece and everyone knew it.

Again, this really wasn't a moment where it's like "WHEN WILL HE HAVE HIS MOMENT" like Leo. He's a good actor. There are a LOTTA better actors. The idea that he can compete with Cillian in... any of the above performances, let alone in MAESTRO, against what Cillian did in Oppenheimer especially, is delusional lol. Tommy Shelby Cillian, if he was up for an Oscar, would step on Bradley performance-wise, let alone Oppenheimer. I'm not even an Oppenheimer stan, but the black and white shots of him with the hat alone are like, already kinda icon lol. This. Is. His. Moment.

[govindhtech]

Using Vector Index And Multilingual Embeddings in BigQuery

The Tower of Babel reborn? Using vector search and multilingual embeddings in BigQuery Finding and comprehending reviews in a customer’s favourite language across many languages can be difficult in today’s globalised marketplace. Large datasets, including reviews, may be managed and analysed with BigQuery.

In order to enable customers to search for products or company reviews in their preferred language and obtain results in that language, google cloud describe a solution in this blog post that makes use of BigQuery multilingual embeddings, vector index, and vector search. These technologies translate textual data into numerical vectors, enabling more sophisticated search functions than just matching keywords. This improves the relevancy and accuracy of search results.

Vector Index

A data structure called a Vector Index is intended to enable the vector index function to carry out a more effective vector search of embeddings. In order to enhance search performance when vector index is possible to employ a vector index, the function approximates nearest neighbour search method, which has the trade-off of decreasing recall and yielding more approximate results.

Authorizations and roles

You must have the bigquery tables createIndex IAM permission on the table where the vector index is to be created in order to create one. The bigquery tables deleteIndex permission is required in order to drop a vector index. The rights required to operate with vector indexes are included in each of the preset IAM roles listed below:

Establish a vector index

The build VECTOR INDEX data definition language (DDL) statement can be used to build a vector index.

Access the BigQuery webpage.

Run the subsequent SQL statement in the query editor

Swap out the following:

The vector index you’re creating’s name is vector index. The index and base table are always created in the same project and dataset, therefore these don’t need to be included in the name.

Dataset Name: The dataset name including the table.

Table Name: The column containing the embeddings data’s name in the table.

Column Name:The column name containing the embeddings data is called Column name. ARRAY is the required type for the column. No child fields may exist in the column. The array’s items must all be non null, and each column’s values must have the same array dimensions. Stored Column Name: the vector index’s storage of a top-level table column name. A column cannot have a range type. If a policy tag is present in a column or if the table has a row-level access policy, then stored columns are not used. See Store columns and pre-filter for instructions on turning on saved columns.

Index Type:The vector index building algorithm is denoted by Index type. There is only one supported value: IVF. By specifying IVF, the vector index is constructed as an inverted file index (IVF). An IVF splits the vector data according to the clusters it created using the k-means method. These partitions allow the vector search function to search the vector data more efficiently by limiting the amount of data it must read to provide a result.

Distance Type: When utilizing this index in a vector search, distance type designates the default distance type to be applied. COSINE and EUCLIDEAN are the supported values. The standard is EUCLIDEAN.

While the distance utilised in the vector search function may vary, the index building process always employs EUCLIDEAN distance for training.

The Diatance type value is not used if you supply a value for the distance type argument in the vector search function. Num Lists: an INT64 value that is equal to or less than 5,000 that controls the number of lists the IVF algorithm generates. The IVF method places data points that are closer to one another on the same list, dividing the entire data space into a number of lists equal to num lists. A smaller number for num lists results in fewer lists with more data points, whereas a bigger value produces more lists with fewer data points.

To generate an effective vector search, utilise num list in conjunction with the fraction lists to search argument in the vector list function. Provide a low fraction lists to search value to scan fewer lists in vector search and a high num lists value to generate an index with more lists if your data is dispersed among numerous small groups in the embedding space. When your data is dispersed in bigger, more manageable groups, use a fraction lists to search value that is higher than num lists. Building the vector index may take longer if you use a high num lists value.

In addition to adding another layer of refinement and streamlining the retrieval results for users, google cloud’s solution translates reviews from many languages into the user’s preferred language by utilising the Translation API, which is easily integrated into BigQuery. Users can read and comprehend evaluations in their preferred language, and organisations can readily evaluate and learn from reviews submitted in multiple languages. An illustration of this solution can be seen in the architecture diagram below.

Google cloud took business metadata (such address, category, and so on) and review data (like text, ratings, and other attributes) from Google Local for businesses in Texas up until September 2021. There are reviews in this dataset that are written in multiple languages. Google cloud’s approach allows consumers who would rather read reviews in their native tongue to ask inquiries in that language and obtain the evaluations that are most relevant to their query in that language even if the reviews were originally authored in a different language.

For example, in order to investigate bakeries in Texas, google cloud asked, “Where can I find Cantonese-style buns and authentic Egg Tarts in Houston?” It is difficult to find relevant reviews among thousands of business profiles for these two unique and frequently available bakery delicacies in Asia, but less popular in Houston.

Google cloud system allows users to ask questions in Chinese and get the most appropriate answers in Chinese, even if the reviews were written in other languages at first, such Japanese, English, and so on. This solution greatly improves the user’s ability to extract valuable insights from reviews authored by people speaking different languages by gathering the most pertinent information regardless of the language used in the reviews and translating them into the language requested by the user.

Consumers may browse and search for reviews in the language of their choice without encountering any language hurdles; you can then utilise Gemini to expand the solution by condensing or categorising the reviews that were sought for. By simply adding a search function, you may expand the application of this solution to any product, business reviews, or multilingual datasets, enabling customers to find the answers to their inquiries in the language of their choice. Try it out and think of additional useful data and AI tools you can create using BigQuery!

Read more on govindhtech.com

[phantomthread]

IMDb says that the PTA + DDL movie is set for 2017... DOES THAT MEAN WE FINALLY GET TO SEE THEM THIS YEAR OR

YES! MARK YOUR CALENDAR! SAVE YOUR MONEY! BOOK EARLYTICKETS! IT’S THE MOST ANTICIPATED MOVIES OF 2017! (pardon my enthusiasm and sorry for my late reply)

Well, according to the reports the production will beginearly this year and the movie will be out at the end of 2017. However I do havea concern considering we have yet to hear any news about the production, thefilming or even the script. Heck, we still don’t have the title of the movie orwhat it’s about except that it’s a fashion drama set in London (earlier reportssaid it was New York, so idk)! I heard accounts of PTA roaming in London latelast year but I haven’t seen any DDL’s transformation yet. The last time I sawhim he looked like normal average dad. No super crazy moustache or wild beardor anything. Ofc, we don’t know who his character is. We have no details! But Ithink it will be nice if it will be released on the 10th yearanniversary of TWBB. Also I have sufferedenough waiting for DDL’s comeback, please don’t make me wait another year. 

[micenhat]

Learn SQL: SQL Triggers

In this article, we’ll focus on DML (data manipulation language) triggers and show how they function when we make changes in a single table.

What Are SQL Triggers?

In SQL Server, triggers are database objects, actually, a special kind of stored procedure, which “reacts” to certain actions we make in the database. The main idea behind triggers is that they always perform an action in case some event happens. If we’re talking about DML triggers, these changes shall be changes in our data. Let’s examine a few interesting situations:

In case you perform an insert in the call table, you want to update that related customer has 1 more call (in that case, we should have integer attribute in the customer table)

When you complete a call (update call.end_time attribute value) you want to increase the counter of calls performed by that employee during that day (again, we should have such attribute in the employee table)

When you try to delete an employee, you want to check if it has related calls. If so, you’ll prevent that delete and raise a custom exception

From examples, you can notice that DML triggers are actions related to the SQL commands defined in these triggers. Since they are similar to stored procedures, you can test values using the IF statement, etc. This provides a lot of flexibility.

The good reason to use DML SQL triggers is the case when you want to assure that a certain control shall be performed before or after the defined statement on the defined table. This could be the case when your code is all over the place, e.g. database is used by different applications, code is written directly in applications and you don’t have it well-documented.

Types of SQL Triggers

In SQL Server, we have 3 groups of triggers:

DML (data manipulation language) triggers – We’ve already mentioned them, and they react to DML commands. These are – INSERT, UPDATE, and DELETE

DDL (data definition language) triggers – As expected, triggers of this type shall react to DDL commands like – CREATE, ALTER, and DROP

Logon triggers – The name says it all. This type reacts to LOGON events

In this article, we’ll focus on DML triggers, because they are most commonly used. We’ll cover the remaining two trigger types in the upcoming articles of this series.

DML Triggers – Syntax

The simplified SQL syntax to define the trigger is as follows.

12345            CREATE TRIGGER [schema_name.]trigger_name            ON table_name            {FOR | AFTER | INSTEAD OF} {[INSERT] [,] [UPDATE] [,] [DELETE]}            AS            {sql_statements}            

Most of the syntax should be self-explanatory. The main idea is to define:

A set of {sql_statements} that shall be performed when the trigger is fired (defined by remaining parameters)

We must define when the trigger is fired. That is what the part {FOR | AFTER | INSTEAD OF} does. If our trigger is defined as FOR | AFTER | INSTEAD OF trigger than SQL statements in the trigger shall run after all actions that fired this trigger is launched successfully. The INSTEAD OF trigger shall perform controls and replace the original action with the action in the trigger, while the FOR | AFTER (they mean the same) trigger shall run additional commands after the original statement has completed

The part {[INSERT] [,] [UPDATE] [,] [DELETE]} denotes which command actually fires this trigger. We must specify at least one option, but we could use multiple if we need it

With this in mind, we can easily write triggers that will:

Check (before insert) if all parameters of the INSERT statement are OK, add some if needed, and perform the insert

After insert, perform additional tasks, like updating a value in another table

Before delete, check if there are related records

Update certain values (e.g. log file) after the delete is done

If you want to drop a trigger, you’ll use:

1            DROP TRIGGER [schema_name.]trigger_name;            

SQL INSERT Trigger – Example

First, we’ll create a simple SQL trigger that shall perform check before the INSERT statement.

123456789101112            DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS t_country_insert;            GO            CREATE TRIGGER t_country_insert ON country INSTEAD OF INSERT            AS BEGIN                DECLARE @country_name CHAR(128);                DECLARE @country_name_eng CHAR(128);                DECLARE @country_code  CHAR(8);                SELECT @country_name = country_name, @country_name_eng = country_name_eng, @country_code = country_code FROM INSERTED;                IF @country_name IS NULL SET @country_name = @country_name_eng;                IF @country_name_eng IS NULL SET @country_name_eng = @country_name;                INSERT INTO country (country_name, country_name_eng, country_code) VALUES (@country_name, @country_name_eng, @country_code);            END;            

We can see our trigger in the Object Explorer, when we expand the data for the related table (country).

I want to emphasize a few things here:

The INSERT statement fires this query and is actually replaced (INSTEAD OF INSERT) with the statement in this trigger

We’ve defined a number of local variables to store values from the original insert record (INSERTED). This record is specific for triggers and it allows you to access this single record and its’ values

Note: The INSERTED record can be used in the insert and update SQL triggers.

With IF statements, we’ve tested values and SET values if they were not set before

At the end of the query, we performed the INSERT statement (the one replacing the original one that fired this trigger)

Let’s now run an INSERT INTO command and see what happens in the database. We’ll run the following statements:

123            SELECT * FROM country;            INSERT INTO country (country_name_eng, country_code) VALUES ('United Kingdom', 'UK');            SELECT * FROM country;            

The result is in the picture below.

You can easily notice that the row with id = 10, had been inserted. We haven’t specified the country_name, but the trigger did its’ job and filled that value with country_name_eng.

Note: If the trigger is defined on a certain table, for a certain action, it shall always run when this action is performed.

SQL DELETE Trigger – Example

Now let’s create a trigger that shall fire upon the DELETE statement on the country table.

12345678910111213            DROP TRIGGER IF EXISTS t_country_delete;            GO            CREATE TRIGGER t_country_delete ON country INSTEAD OF DELETE            AS BEGIN                DECLARE @id INT;                DECLARE @count INT;                SELECT @id = id FROM DELETED;                SELECT @count = COUNT(*) FROM city WHERE country_id = @id;                IF @count = 0                    DELETE FROM country WHERE id = @id;                ELSE                    THROW 51000, 'can not delete - country is referenced in other tables', 1;            END;            

For this trigger, it’s worth to emphasize the following:

Once again, we perform the action before (instead of) actual executing (INSTEAD OF DELETE)

We’ve used record DELETED. This record can be used in the triggers related to the DELETE statement

Note: The DELETED record can be used in delete and update SQL triggers.

We’ve used the IF statement to determine if the row should or shouldn’t be deleted. If it should, we’ve performed the DELETE statement, and if shouldn’t, we’re thrown and exception

Running the below statement went without an error because the country with id = 6 had no related records.

1            DELETE FROM country WHERE id = 6;            

If we run this statement we’ll see a custom error message, as shown in the picture below.

1            DELETE FROM country WHERE id = 1;            

Such a message is not only descriptive, but allows us to treat this error nicely and show a more meaningful message to the end-user.

SQL UPDATE Trigger

I will leave this one to you, as a practice. So try to write down the UPDATE trigger. The important thing you should know is that in the update trigger you can use both – INSERTED (after update) and DELETED (before update) records. In almost all cases, you’ll need to use both of them.

When to Use SQL Triggers?

Triggers share a lot in common with stored procedures. Still, compared to stored procedures they are limited in what you can do. Therefore, I prefer to have one stored procedure for insert/update/delete and make all checks and additional actions there.

Still, that is not always the option. If you inherited a system or you simply don’t want to put all the logic in the stored procedures, then triggers could a solution for many problems you might have.

[uniquesystemskills]

Best Software Testing Training Institute in Pune: UNIQUE System Skills Pune

Unique System Skills (India) Pvt. Ltd. offers the best software testing training course in Pune with a 100% placement guarantee. 100% live project-based training from a corporate trainer. Affordable fees and best course duration suitable for students and professionals, fresher’s or experienced.

What is Software Testing?

A software testing job is highly popular, and one of the most profitable fields for a career option in the IT sector. In this Modern world, commonly we all are living in the middle of those technologies used in software products. To provide investors with information on the quality of the product and service are under review, software testing conducted. Software testing allows companies to evaluate and understand the risk of software structure; the software tests will also provide an autonomous analytical outlook of the software. Software test techniques involve running a software application’s capacity to track failures and checking that the software is appropriate for use, thus great demand for software testing professionals who can perform the actual testing of such software issues.

What is Exactly Software Testing?

Software testing is a technique to analyze a software application’s performance to see whether the developed software meets the specified criteria or may not and whether to locate the marks to make sure that the system is a fault to create more improvement in a quality product.

The software application’s conducting analysis is a method to identify whether another software was developed with the criteria and detect flaws to guarantee the software is error-free for a reliable product is produced.

Software Testing: Basic Testing, Selenium, Web Services, API Testing, Performance Testing, LoadRunner, ETL Testing

Software Testing Types: There are two types of software testing for testers such as; Manual and Automation

Software Testing Course Syllabus:

Module 1): Manual Testing:

SDLC

Unit Testing Techniques

Real-Time Live Project

Testing Techniques

Module 2): Core Java

Introduction

Operators & Flow Control

Packages

Collection Framework

Module 3): Selenium Automation Testing

Selenium WebDriver 3. X

POI Excel Automation / Properties Files

Ant / Maven

Jenkins

Git / Git Hub

TestNG

Module 4): Database (PL/SQL)

DDL / DML / DCL TCL

Datatypes, Operators, Clauses & Select Statements

SQL Functions

Module 5): Advance Manual

Live Project

Workflow & Approach

Test Management Tool / Defect Tracking Tool

Module 6): Agile

What is Agile ?

Scrum Vs XP

Traditional Approach & Agile Approach

Module 7): Web Security

The architecture of Web Applications

Sessions & Cookies

SQL Injection

Module8): ISTQB

Fundamentals of Software Testing

Static / Dynamic Testing

Test Design Techniques

Module 09: Project

Practical Training and Project Assignments

Why Choose Unique System Skills for Software Testing Training in Pune?

In this Era, Software testing is rapidly increasing in the IT industry. Unique system skills are one of the best software testing training institutes in Pune with high-quality level training with real-time projects and also provides online training. There are many reasons you choose the Unique System Skills Such as

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Course fees: Courses fees are very competitive. Most of the institutes provide at less fees but compromise with the quality of the training

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Trust & Credibility: Unique System skills build Trust & Credibility with the best IT training in Pune.

Benefits of Software Testing Course:

Companies are on a constant hunt for Software Testers who can play a significant role in the core team and ensure complete productivity with their skills. Therefore, it is critical to find out for best Software Testing classes in Pune because the benefits are many.

Thrive in this industry with the right amount of knowledge

Lay hands-on practical knowledge with live projects

Enjoy off-campus placement assistance with mock interviews

Global certification will help skyrocket your career

[firsttimeinterview]

top 90 Sql Interview Questions

Companies of all dimensions can access this sponsorship. Ideal pl/sql meeting inquiries and also answers for both betters as well as experienced candidates, our pl/sql meeting question as well as responses will assist you to break the meeting. Prospects will certainly grab the email summarizing their meeting loop. You do not desire a clinical secretarial aide who sticks just to what their work requires and zilch extra. DDL or Data Definition Language concerns the SQL commands straight affecting the database structure. DDL is a category of SQL command classifications that also consist of DML, Deals, as well as Protection. Columns can be categorized as vertical and also rows as straight. The columns in a table are called areas while the rows can be described as records. REMOVE command is made use of to remove rows from the table, and also IN WHICH stipulation can be made use of for conditional set of criteria. Commit and also Rollback can be executed after erase statement. A data source Cursor is a control which enables traversal over the rows or documents in the table. https://tinyurl.com/c7k3vf9t can be considered as a guideline to one row in a set of rows. Arrow is very much valuable for going across such as access, addition and also removal of database records. SQL represents Structured Question Language, which is a domain-specific programming language utilized for database interactions as well as relational database management. Sign up with is an SQL procedure for developing a link in between 2 or more data source tables. Signs up with enable choosing data from a table basis information from another table. The DELETE command is used to remove 'some or all rows from a table. The procedure can not be rolled back The DECLINE command gets rid of a table from the data source. All the tables' rows, indexes as well as privileges will certainly also be gotten rid of. Trigger will perform a block of procedural code versus the database when a table occasion happens. A trigger defines a set of activities that are performed in response to an insert, upgrade, or delete procedure on a specified table. The gathered index is used to reorder the physical order of the table and search based upon the crucial values. Each table can have only one clustered index. The Clustered index is the only index which has been immediately developed when the main secret is produced. If modest information alteration needed to be done in the table after that gat here d indexes are liked. For producing a unique index, the user has to examine the information in the column because the unique indexes are made use of when any column of the table has unique worths. This indexing does not enable the field to have duplicate worths if the column is distinct indexed. Non-Clustered Index does not alter the physical order of the table and also maintains logical order of information. Each table can have 999 non-clustered indexes. When such an SQL operation is performed, in this case the trigger has been turned on. The column that has totally unique data throughout the table is referred to as the primary crucial field. sql coding interview questions -- A column that determines documents in one table by matching with the primary type in a different table. Primary key-- One or more areas in a database table with values assured to be one-of-a-kind for each record. Stored procedure-- A set of SQL declarations stored in a database as well as executed with each other. No matter what work you may have made an application for, this concern may turn up anytime. The sight itself does not contain any kind of real data; the information is digitally kept in the base table. The view merely shows the information contained in the base table. You could say "Unlike an internal join, a left sign up with will certainly make sure that we draw out information from both tables for all consumer IDs we see in the left table. they will freely tie in to the particular locations that you have actually requested. If https://is.gd/snW9y3 re seeking sql steward dba interview inquiries for seasoned or betters you are at appropriate place. You want to utilize your analytic skills in the byplay surroundings. A sight is a digital table which has data from several tables. Views limit information access of table by choosing only required worths and make complex queries simple. A view is a digital table whose contents are gotten from an existing table or tables, called base tables. The retrieval happens through an SQL declaration, included right into the view. So, you can think about a view object as a sight right into the base table. A distinct index can be used immediately when a main trick is defined. "Order by 2" is only legitimate when there go to least two columns being utilized in choose declaration. A query is a request for information or details from a database table or mix of tables. A data source inquiry can be either a pick question or an activity query. A table is an organized collection of information kept in the form of rows and columns. A Subquery is sub collection of choose statements whose return worths are made use of in filtering system conditions of the primary inquiry. When a one table's primary vital area is added to associated tables in order to create the common field which connects the two tables, it called a international type in various other tables. Foreign Trick constraints apply referential integrity. Join keyword phrase is used to fetch information from related 2 or even more tables. It returns rows where there goes to the very least one match in both the tables consisted of in sign up with.

For that reason, an internal join enables you to get an result consisting of info from both tables just for the client IDs discovered in the two tables that match. Given that you establish the consumer ID area to be a coordinating column, naturally. A certain feature of DDL commands is statements that can control indexes, objects, tables, views, activates, and so on. SQL contains standard commands for data source communications such as SELECT, INSERT, CREATE, DELETE, UPDATE, DECLINE and so on. SQL meeting concerns are asked in mostly all meetings due to the fact that data source procedures are really usual in applications.

[perfectstudentcollector]

Ati Flash Tool For Mac

REVIEW: ATI Radeon X800 XT Mac Edition versus GeForce 6800 Ultra and Others

Originally posted January 5th, 2005, by rob-ART morgan, mad scientist Updated February 24th, 2005, with X800 XT overclock results. Updated June 28th, 2005, with news about the Radeon X850 XT CTO option for G5 Power Macs.

On January 5th, 2005, ATI announced the Radeon X800 XT for the G5 Power Mac. To start things off, I'm sharing a table of features and specs to help you understand how all the 'high end' graphics cards for the G5 compare.

Radeon 9800 Pro Special Mac Edition

nVidia GeForce 6800 GT

Radeon X800 XT Mac Edition

Memory

256MB

256MB

256MB

ADC, DVI

DVI x 2

ADC, DVI

Supports 30' Cinema

No

Yes

Yes

1

2

1

Pixel Fillrate

3.3GP/s

6.4GP/s

8.0+GP/s

8

16

16

Core Clock Speed

412MHz

400MHz

500MHz

77

??

182

Effective Memory Clock Speed

730MHz

1100MHz

1100MHz

22GB/s

32GB/s

32GB/s

Transform Rate

412MV/s

600MV/s

?

4

6

6

Aftermarket Price

$399 from ATI direct, resellers and as kit from Apple

$499 as kit from Apple

$499 from ATI direct and resellers

(* The 9800 XT takes uses only one slot but the heatsink/fan assembly encroaches on slot 2. However, the back plate is still available for such things as the 8 port Internal-to-External SATA Port Adapter from MacGurus)

At first glance, it appears the X800 XT Mac Edition should give you equal or better performance than GeForce 6800 Ultra for an aftermarket price equal to the GeForce 6800 GT -- plus it only uses one slot. But let's look at real world performance.

The Unreal Tournament 2004 Retail build 3339 (UT2004) test was done using the latest SantaDuck Toolpak that combines botmatches and flybys in one application. We chose the Primeval Flyby at 1920x1200 at maximum quality settings to help dramatize the contribution of the graphics card in 3D gaming. The asterisk (*) next to the X800 XT stands for overclock runs with the card set to 500MHz core clock speed and 1100MHz memory clock speed using ATIccelerator II.

However, a good Botmatch is closer to actual game play, so we ran the BridgeOfFate match at 1920x1200 and maximum quality...

Halo is very OpenGL intensive, especially when you set quailty to high and run at high resolution. We used the Halo 1.5 update which now has GPU based Lens Flare performance.

Turn on Full Scene Anti-Aliasing (FSAA) and the gap between the X800 XT and the rest of the cards grows...

We used ATI Displays utility to override the Halo OpenGL settings with FSAA Multi 4X in the case of the ATI cards. Those of you who saw this page earlier today know that we switched from FSAA Super to Multi as we were told that Super only works at 1024x768 and below. As you can see, even with Multi, the X800 'out pulls' the GeForce 6800s.

In case you want to try our Halo scenarios, here's the settings we used: HW Shaders = Advanced Shaders Detail Objects = On, Model Reflections = On FSAA = Off or 4X Lens Flare = High, Model Quality = High VIDEO: Resolution 1920x1200 Refresh = 0, Framerate Throttle = No Vsync Specular = On, Shadows = On, Decals = On, Particles = High, Texture Quality = High SOUND: Sound Quality = Low, Sound Variety = Low

Quake 3 Arena, though getting 'long in the tooth' is still a useful test for OpenGL (as well as dual processor) performance...

Motion is our newest test of graphic cards. As you can see below, how fast you can render a project for preview depends as much on your graphics card's speed (and memory capacity) as it does on your CPU power. This was the one test where the GeForce 6800 cards beat the X800 XT...

GRAPH LEGEND Graphics Cards X800 XT* = overclocked Radeon X800 XT using ATIccelerator II -- simulating X850 XT X800 XT = ATI Radeon X800 XT Mac Edition (8X, 256MB) GeF68 UT = nVidia GeForce 6800 Ultra DDL (8X, 256MB) GeF68 GT = nVidia GeForce 6800 GT DDL (8X, 256MB) Rad98 XT = ATI Radeon 9800 XT OEM (8X, 256MB) Rad98 SE = ATI Radeon 9800 Pro Mac Special Edition (8X, 256MB) Rad96 XT = ATI Radeon 9600 XT OEM (8X, 128MB) CPUs G5/2.5 = G5/2.5GHz MP Power Mac

CONCLUSION I'm very impressed with the performance of the ATI Radeon X800 XT Mac Edition. It's equal to or faster than the GeForce 6800 Ultra in every test but one, yet costs $100 less and uses only one slot. Yes. It is half the length and half the thickness of the GeForce 6800 Ultra. So if you want to reclaim your PCI-X slot, better list your GeForce 6800 on eBay before everyone hears about the X800. ;-)

(In the photo above, the X800 is dwarfed by the GeForce 6800 Ultra in length and thickness as it sits on top of it.)

The X800 XT has the added advantage of being an ATI product which means it can utilize the ATI Displays utility to override the OpenGL settings in all applications to take advantage of such features as advanced Full Scene Anti-Aliasing and Anisotropic Filtering. As designated by the asterisk (*), we used ATIccelerator II to overclock the core to 500MHz and the memory to 1100MHz. There's no corresponding tool for the GeForce 6800 Ultra that I know of.

The only G5 Power User that might prefer the GeForce 6800 would be the few 'lucky dogs' with TWO 30' Cinema displays. The X800 XT comes with one dual link DVI port and one ADC port. That means it supports one 30' Cinema and a second display of your choosing (as long as it's not another 30' Cinema). The GeForce 6800 cards have two dual link DVI ports and therefore can drive two 30' Cinema displays.

ATI included an ADC port on the X800 because they believe most buyers of the X800 XT already have an ADC display they would like to use with their G5 Power Mac. However, if your second display is DVI (or even VGA), there are inexpensive adapters to convert the ADC port to drive a DVI or VGA display. (See 'Where to Buy' below)

FAN NOISE Many of you are asking 'How noisy is the fan?' ATI has done a good job of choosing a quiet fan for the X800. I had only the clear plastic baffle on the G5/2.5 Power Mac test unit. The ambient sound was very low. At 'idle,' if I put my ear right up to the baffle and cracked it open slightly, I could barely distinguish the X800's fan from the Power Mac's multiple fans. When I ran the Halo 'highest quality' TimeDemo sequence, the CPU fans kicked up drowning out any sound coming from the graphics card fan. The same is true of the GeForce 6800 Ultra.

Note to readers running at 1280x1024: There are great gains to be had over your 'old' graphics card by upgrading to the X800, even if you aren't running at 1920x1200. We re-ran our tests at 1280x1024. Check out the X800's advantage over the stock 9600 XT: 230% for Quake3 142% for UT2004 Flyby 40% for UT2004 Botmatch 247% for Halo with FSAA = 4 We'll publish a full page comparing all the cards at 1280x1024 soon. And we'll also address the issue, 'Does having dual processers help with 3D gaming?' (Short answer: only if you are running Quake3.)

NEWS FLASH

June 28th, 2005 -- Radeon X850 XT added to Apple's CTO options for the G5 Power Mac! And GeForce 6800 Ultra dropped! The X850 XT appears to be a speed bumped X800 XT. Yet by dropping the Ultra version of the GeForce 6800 and replacing it with the GT, the Radeon X850 XT becomes the best choice for maximum OpenGL performance. (See chart below) The other good news is that the X850 XT takes up only one slot (vs the CTO GeForce 6800 GT and Ultra which take up two). And at $350, it's cheaper than buying the G5 tower with the default wimpy Radeon 9600 or 9650 and replacing it with an aftermarket $500 Radeon X800 XT.

Only possible downside is if you have two 30' Cinemas. It only supports one 30' Cinema and one 'normal' display, while the GeForce 6800 GT and Ultra support up to two 30' Cinemas. (Don't panic when you hear that the X850 XT's second port is ADC. If you have two DVI displays, order the $29 ADC to DVI adapter from Apple. And don't confuse it with the DVI to ADC converter for $99. Click 'Displays' under 'Accessories' on Apple's online store.)

Don't be depressed if you just bought an X800 XT. You can use ATIccelerator II to tweak your X800 XT to run at 500MHz core clock and 550MHz memory clock speed just like the X850 XT, thereby making it an X850 XT. (See our charts at the top of this article.)

RELATED ARTICLES ON THE NET

Anandtech posted their review of the Radeon X800 XT Mac Edition the same day we did. The showed the GeForce 6800 Ultra faster but were running at lower resolution.

InsideMacGames posted their review of the Radeon X800 XT Mac Edition. It includes the same games we used plus others. Their results are similar to ours -- the X800 wins.

SharkeyExtreme compares the PC versions of the GeForce 6800 GT and Ultra with the Radeon 9800 XT and X800 XT running:

UT2003 and UT2004 Doom 3 and Halo Quake3 and Wolfenstein

Doom 3 shootout with PC versions of GeForce 6800 GT, 6800 Ultra, Radeon X800, and 9800 XT. (Doom runs better on the GeForce cards because nVidia has worked closely with Doom 3 developers to optimize it for that game.)

WHERE TO BUY VARIOUS GRAPHICS CARDS FOR YOUR POWER MAC and MAC PRO

For your Mac Pro, you have the following 16X PCI Express (PCIe) options: The GeForce 7300 GT (16X, 256MB, dual-link DVI + single-link DVI port) is the default. We recommend the Radeon X1900 XT (16X, 512MB, two dual-link DVI ports) as a CTO option. It's much faster than the GeForce 7300 GT and just as fast as the expensive Quadro FX 4500. According to Alias/Autodesk, the X1900 XT is the only graphics card without limitations when using Maya 8.5. To custom order your Mac Pro with the Radeon X1900 XT, go to the Apple Store and click on the Mac Pro graphic.

If you didn't order the Radeon X1900 XT with your Mac Pro, you can order the Radeon X1900 XT as an aftermarket kit for your Mac Pro, go to the Apple Store and click on DISPLAYS in the left margin or do a search on 'X1900.'

NOTE: Mac Pro PCIe graphics cards will not work in Power Mac G5s with PCIe slots -- and vice versa. Nor will Windows PC PCIe graphics cards work in the Mac Pro.

Graphics Card Options for the Dual-Core or Quad-Core G5 with 16X PCI Express slot: The best option for your Dual-Core or Quad-Core G5 with PCIe slots is the ATI Radeon X1900 G5 Mac Edition released in November 2006. You can buy it directly from ATI's Online Store for $299 (with 'trade up' allowance).

It's also sold by Small Dog Electronics and Other World Computing.

The following cards only work on a G5 Power Mac with 8X AGP slot: The 'G5 only' Radeon X800 XT Mac Edition (8X AGP, 256MB, ADC + Dual-Link DVI port) is available from ATI Online Store, Apple's Online Store, Buy.com, Other World Computing, and Small Dog Electronics. (The MSRP is $299)

Apple's Online Store is no longer selling the GeForce 6800 GT or Ultra, which had Dual-Dual-Link DVI ports (for two 30' Cinemas).

The 'G5 only' Radeon 9800 Pro Mac Special Edition (8X AGP, 256MB, ADC + DVI port) is no longer made by ATI.

The following cards work on both the G5 Power Mac (8X AGP) and G4 Power Macs with 2X or 4X AGP: Other World Computing has the new ATI Radeon 9800 Pro Mac (2X/4X AGP, 256MB, DVI + VGA ports) graphics card in stock for $259. ATI has it on their Online Store for $249. The SKU number is 100-435058, in case you want to make sure you are getting the right card.

ATI Online Store, Buy.com and Other World Computing have the Radeon 9600 Pro PC and Mac Edition (4X AGP, 256MB, DVI + Dual-Link DVI port) as well. It's compatible with late model G4 Power Macs and all G5 Power Macs with AGP slots. Priced at $199 MSRP it is the lowest priced AGP graphics card with Dual-Link DVI support.

Has Bare Feats helped you? How about helping Bare Feats?

© 2005 Rob Art Morgan 'BARE facts on Macintosh speed FEATS' Email , the webmaster and mad scientist

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Migrating user-defined types from Oracle to PostgreSQL

Migrating from commercial databases to open source is a multistage process with different technologies, starting from assessment, data migration, data validation, and cutover. One of the key aspects for any heterogenous database migration is data type conversion. In this post, we show you a step-by-step approach to migrate user-defined types (UDT) from Oracle to Amazon Aurora PostgreSQL or Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. We also provide an overview of custom operators to use in SQL queries to access tables with UDT in PostgreSQL. Migrating UDT from Oracle to Aurora PostgreSQL or Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL isn’t always straightforward, especially with UDT member functions. UDT defined in Oracle and PostgreSQL store structured business data in its natural form and work efficiently with applications using object-oriented programming techniques. UDT in Oracle can have both the data structure and the methods that operate on that data within the relational model. Though similar, the approaches to implement UDT in Oracle and PostgreSQL with member functions have subtle differences. Overview At a high level, migrating tables with UDT from Oracle to PostgreSQL involves following steps: Converting UDT – You can use the AWS Schema Conversion Tool (AWS SCT) to convert your existing database schema from one database engine to another. Unlike PostgreSQL, user-defined types in Oracle allow PL/SQL-based member functions to be a part of UDT. Because PostgreSQL doesn’t support member functions in UDT, you need to handle them separately during UDT conversion. Migrating data from tables with UDT – AWS Database Migration Service (AWS DMS) helps you migrate data from Oracle databases to Aurora PostgreSQL and Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL. However, as of this writing, AWS DMS doesn’t support UDT. This post explains using the open-source tool Ora2pg to migrate tables with UDT from Oracle to PostgreSQL. Prerequisites Before getting started, you must have the following prerequisites: The AWS SCT installed on a local desktop or an Amazon Elastic Compute Cloud (Amazon EC2) instance. For instructions, see Installing, verifying, and updating the AWS SCT. Ora2pg installed and set up on an EC2 instance. For instructions, see the Ora2pg installation guide. Ora2pg is an open-source tool distributed via GPLv3 license. EC2 instances used for Ora2pg and the AWS SCT should have connectivity to the Oracle source and PostgreSQL target databases.  Dataset This post uses a sample dataset of a sporting event ticket management system. For this use case, the table DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS with event location seating details has been modified to include location_t as a UDT. location_t has information of sporting event locations and seating capacity. Oracle UDT location_t The UDT location_t has attributes describing sporting event location details, including an argument-based member function to compare current seating capacity of the location with expected occupancy for a sporting event. The function takes expected occupancy for the event as an argument and compares it to current seating capacity of the event location. It returns t if the sporting event location has enough seating capacity for the event, and f otherwise. See the following code: create or replace type location_t as object ( LOCATION_NAME VARCHAR2 (60 ) , LOCATION_CITY VARCHAR2 (60 ), LOCATION_SEATING_CAPACITY NUMBER (7) , LOCATION_LEVELS NUMBER (1) , LOCATION_SECTIONS NUMBER (4) , MEMBER FUNCTION COMPARE_SEATING_CAPACITY(capacity in number) RETURN VARCHAR2 ); / create or replace type body location_t is MEMBER FUNCTION COMPARE_SEATING_CAPACITY(capacity in number) RETURN VARCHAR2 is seat_capacity_1 number ; seat_capacity_2 number ; begin if ( LOCATION_SEATING_CAPACITY is null ) then seat_capacity_1 := 0; else seat_capacity_1 := LOCATION_SEATING_CAPACITY; end if; if ( capacity is null ) then seat_capacity_2 := 0; else seat_capacity_2 := capacity; end if; if seat_capacity_1 >= seat_capacity_2 then return 't'; else return 'f'; end if; end COMPARE_SEATING_CAPACITY; end; / Oracle table DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS The following code shows the DDL for DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS table with UDT location_t in Oracle: CREATE TABLE DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS ( SPORT_LOCATION_SEAT_ID NUMBER NOT NULL , SPORT_LOCATION_ID NUMBER (3) NOT NULL , LOCATION location_t, SEAT_LEVEL NUMBER (1) NOT NULL , SEAT_SECTION VARCHAR2 (15) NOT NULL , SEAT_ROW VARCHAR2 (10 BYTE) NOT NULL , SEAT_NO VARCHAR2 (10 BYTE) NOT NULL , SEAT_TYPE VARCHAR2 (15 BYTE) , SEAT_TYPE_DESCRIPTION VARCHAR2 (120 BYTE) , RELATIVE_QUANTITY NUMBER (2) ) ; Converting UDT Let’s start with the DDL conversion of location_t and the table DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS from Oracle to PostgreSQL. You can use the AWS SCT to convert your existing database schema from Oracle to PostgreSQL. Because the target PostgreSQL database doesn’t support member functions in UDT, the AWS SCT ignores the member function during UDT conversion from Oracle to PostgreSQL. In PostgreSQL, we can create functions in PL/pgSQL with operators to have similar functionality as Oracle UDT does with member functions. For this sample dataset, we can convert location_t, to PostgreSQL using the AWS SCT. The AWS SCT doesn’t convert the DDL of member functions for location_t from Oracle to PostgreSQL. The following screenshot shows our SQL code. PostgreSQL UDT location_t The AWS SCT converts LOCATION_LEVELS and LOCATION_SECTIONS from the location_t UDT to SMALLINT for Postgres optimizations based on schema mapping rules. See the following code: create TYPE location_t as ( LOCATION_NAME CHARACTER VARYING(60) , LOCATION_CITY CHARACTER VARYING(60) , LOCATION_SEATING_CAPACITY INTEGER , LOCATION_LEVELS SMALLINT , LOCATION_SECTIONS SMALLINT ); For more information about schema mappings, see Creating mapping rules in the AWS SCT. Because PostgreSQL doesn’t support member functions in UDT, the AWS SCT ignores them while converting the DDL from Oracle to PostgreSQL. You need to write a PL/pgSQL function separately. In order to write a separate entity, you may need to add additional UDT object parameters to the member function. For our use case, the member function compare_seating_capacity is rewritten as a separate PL/pgSQL function. The return data type for this function is bool instead of varchar2 (in Oracle), because PostgreSQL provides a bool data type for true or false. See the following code: CREATE or REPLACE FUNCTION COMPARE_SEATING_CAPACITY (event_loc_1 location_t,event_loc_2 integer) RETURNS bool AS $$ declare seat_capacity_1 integer; seat_capacity_2 integer ; begin if ( event_loc_1.LOCATION_SEATING_CAPACITY is null ) then seat_capacity_1 = 0 ; else seat_capacity_1 = event_loc_1.LOCATION_SEATING_CAPACITY; end if; if ( event_loc_2 is null ) then seat_capacity_2 = 0 ; else seat_capacity_2 = event_loc_2 ; end if; if seat_capacity_1 >= seat_capacity_2 then return true; else return false; end if; end; $$ LANGUAGE plpgsql; The UDT conversion is complete yielding the PL/pgSQL function and the UDT in PostgreSQL. You can now create the DDL for tables using this UDT in the PostgreSQL target database using the AWS SCT, as shown in the following screenshot. In the next section, we dive into migrating data from tables containing UDT from Oracle to PostgreSQL. Migrating data from tables with UDT In this section, we use the open-source tool Ora2pg to perform a full load of the DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS table with UDT from Oracle to PostgreSQL. To install and set up Ora2pg on an EC2 instance, see the Ora2pg installation guide. After installing Ora2pg, you can test connectivity with the Oracle source and PostgreSQL target databases. To test the Oracle connection, see the following code: -bash-4.2$ cd $ORACLE_HOME/network/admin -bash-4.2$ echo "oratest=(DESCRIPTION =(ADDRESS = (PROTOCOL = TCP)(HOST = oratest.xxxxxxx.us-west-2.rds.amazonaws.com )(PORT =1526))(CONNECT_DATA =(SERVER = DEDICATED) (SERVICE_NAME = UDTTEST)))" >> tnsnames.ora -bash-4.2$ sqlplus username/password@oratest SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.4.0 Production on Fri Aug 7 05:05:35 2020 Copyright (c) 1982, 2013, Oracle. All rights reserved. Connected to: Oracle Database 12c Enterprise Edition Release 12.2.0.1.0 - 64bit Production SQL> To test the Aurora PG connection, see the following code: -bash-4.2$ psql -h pgtest.xxxxxxxx.us-west-2.rds.amazonaws.com -p 5436 -d postgres master Password for user master: psql (9.2.24, server 11.6) WARNING: psql version 9.2, server version 11.0. Some psql features might not work. SSL connection (cipher: ECDHE-RSA-AES256-GCM-SHA384, bits: 256) Type "help" for help. postgres=> You use a configuration file to migrate data from Oracle to PostgreSQL with Ora2pg. The following is the configuration file used for this sample dataset. Ora2pg has many options to copy and export different object types. In this example, we use COPY to migrate tables with UDT: -bash-4.2$ cat ora2pg_for_copy.conf ORACLE_HOME /usr/lib/oracle/11.2/client64 ORACLE_DSN dbi:Oracle:sid=oratest ORACLE_USER master ORACLE_PWD xxxxxxx DEBUG 1 EXPORT_SCHEMA 1 SCHEMA dms_sample CREATE_SCHEMA 0 COMPILE_SCHEMA 0 PG_SCHEMA TYPE COPY PG_DSN dbi:Pg:dbname=postgres;host=pgtest.xxxxxxxxx.us-west-2.rds.amazonaws.com;port=5436 PG_USER master PG_PWD xxxxxxxx ALLOW DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS BZIP2 DATA_LIMIT 400 BLOB_LIMIT 100 LONGREADLEN6285312 LOG_ON_ERROR PARALLEL_TABLES 1 DROP_INDEXES 1 WITH_OID 1 FILE_PER_TABLE The configuration file has the following notable settings: SCHEMA – Sets the list of schemas to be exported as part of data migration. ALLOW – Provides a list of objects to migrate. Object names could be space- or comma-separated. You can also use regex like DIM_* to include all objects starting with DIM_ in the dms_sample schema. DROP_INDEXES – Improves data migration performance by dropping indexes before data load and recreating them in the target database post-data migration. TYPE – Provides an export type for data migration. For our use case, we’re migrating data to the target table using COPY statements. This parameter can only have a single value. For more information about the available options in Ora2pg to migrate data from Oracle to PostgreSQL, see the Ora2pg documentation. In the following code, we migrate the DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS table from Oracle to PostgreSQL using the configuration file created previously: -bash-4.2$ ora2pg -c ora2pg_for_copy.conf -d Ora2Pg version: 18.1 Trying to connect to database: dbi:Oracle:sid=oratest Isolation level: SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE Retrieving table information... [1] Scanning table DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS (2 rows)... Trying to connect to database: dbi:Oracle:sid=oratest Isolation level: SET TRANSACTION ISOLATION LEVEL SERIALIZABLE Retrieving partitions information... Dropping indexes of table DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS... Looking how to retrieve data from DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS... Data type LOCATION_T is not native, searching on custom types. Found Type: LOCATION_T Looking inside custom type LOCATION_T to extract values... Fetching all data from DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS tuples... Dumping data from table DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS into PostgreSQL... Setting client_encoding to UTF8... Disabling synchronous commit when writing to PostgreSQL... DEBUG: Formatting bulk of 400 data for PostgreSQL. DEBUG: Creating output for 400 tuples DEBUG: Sending COPY bulk output directly to PostgreSQL backend Extracted records from table DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS: total_records = 2 (avg: 2 recs/sec) [========================>] 2/2 total rows (100.0%) - (1 sec., avg: 2 recs/sec). Restoring indexes of table DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS... Restarting sequences The data from the DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS table with UDT is now migrated to PostgreSQL. Setting search_path in PostgreSQL allows dms_sample to be the schema searched for objects referenced in SQL statements in this database session, without qualifying them with the schema name. See the following code: postgres=> set search_path=dms_sample; SET postgres=> select sport_location_seat_id,location,seat_level,seat_section,seat_row,seat_no from DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS; sport_location_seat_id | location | seat_level | seat_section | seat_row | seat_no ------------------------+----------------------------+------------+--------------+----------+--------- 1 | (Germany,Munich,75024,2,3) | 3 | S | 2 | S-8 1 | (Germany,Berlin,74475,2,3) | 3 | S | 2 | S-8 (2 rows) Querying UDT in PostgreSQL Now that both the DDL and data for the table DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS are migrated to PostgreSQL, we can query the UDT using the newly created PL/pgSQL functions. Querying Oracle with the UDT member function The following code is an example of a SQL query to determine if any stadiums in Germany have a seating capacity of more than 75,000 people. The dataset provides seating capacity information of stadiums in Berlin and Munich: SQL> select t.location.LOCATION_CITY CITY,t.LOCATION.COMPARE_SEATING_CAPACITY(75000) SEATS_AVAILABLE from DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS t where t.location.LOCATION_NAME='Germany'; CITY SEATS_AVAILABLE --------------------------------- ---------------- Munich t Berlin f The result of this SQL query shows that a stadium in Munich has sufficient seating capacity. However, the event location in Berlin doesn’t have enough seating capacity to host a sporting event of 75,000 people. Querying PG with the PL/pgSQL function The following code is the rewritten query in PostgreSQL, which uses the PL/pgSQL function COMPARE_SEATING_CAPACITY to show the same results: postgres=> select (location).LOCATION_CITY,COMPARE_SEATING_CAPACITY(location,75000) from DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS where (location).LOCATION_NAME='Germany'; location_city | compare_seating_capacity ---------------+-------------------------- Munich | t Berlin | f (2 rows) Using operators You can also use PostgreSQL operators to simplify the previous query. Every operator is a call to an underlying function. PostgreSQL provides a large number of built-in operators for system types. For example, the built-in integer = operator has the underlying function as int4eq(int,int) for two integers. You can invoke built-in operators using the operator name or its underlying function. The following queries get sport location IDs with only two levels using the = operator and its built-in function int4eq: postgres=> select sport_location_id,(location).location_levels from DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS where (location).location_levels = 2; sport_location_id | location_levels -------------------+----------------- 2 | 2 3 | 2 (2 rows) postgres=> select sport_location_id,(location).location_levels from DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS where int4eq((location).location_levels,2); sport_location_id | location_levels -------------------+----------------- 2 | 2 3 | 2 (2 rows) You can use operators to simplify the SQL query that finds stadiums in Germany with a seating capacity of more than 75,000 people. As shown in the following code, the operator >= takes the UDT location_t as the left argument and integer as the right argument to call the compare_seating_capacity function. The COMMUTATOR clause, if provided, names an operator that is the commutator of the operator being defined. Operator X is the commutator of operator Y if (a X b) equals (b Y a) for all possible input values of a and b. In this case, <= acts as commutator to the operator >=. It’s critical to provide commutator information for operators that are used in indexes and join clauses because this allows the query optimizer to flip such a clause for different plan types. CREATE OPERATOR >= ( LEFTARG = location_t, RIGHTARG = integer, PROCEDURE = COMPARE_SEATING_CAPACITY, COMMUTATOR = <= ); The following PostgreSQL query with an operator shows the same results as the Oracle query with the UDT member function: postgres=> select (location).LOCATION_CITY CITY,(location).LOCATION_SEATING_CAPACITY >=75000 from DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS where (location).LOCATION_NAME='Germany'; city | ?column? --------+---------- Munich | t Berlin | f (2 rows) You can also use the operator >= in the where clause with UDT location_t, just like any other comparison operator. With the help of the user-defined operator >= defined earlier, the SQL query takes the location_t data type as the left argument and integer as the right argument. The following SQL query returns cities in Germany where seating capacity is more than 75,000. postgres=> select (location).LOCATION_CITY from DIM_SPORT_LOCATION_SEATS where (location).LOCATION_NAME='Germany' and location >=75000; location_city --------------- Munich (1 row) Conclusion This post showed you a solution to convert and migrate UDT with member functions from Oracle to PostgreSQL and how to use operators in queries with UDT in PostgreSQL. We hope that you find this post helpful. For more information about moving your Oracle workload to Amazon RDS for PostgreSQL or Aurora PostgreSQL, see Oracle Database 11g/12c To Amazon Aurora with PostgreSQL Compatibility (9.6.x) Migration Playbook. As always, AWS welcomes feedback. If you have any comments or questions on this post, please share them in the comments. About the Authors Manuj Malik is a Senior Data Lab Solutions Architect at Amazon Web Services. Manuj helps customers architect and build databases and data analytics solutions to accelerate their path to production as part of AWS Data Lab. He has an expertise in database migration projects and works with customers to provide guidance and technical assistance on database services, helping them improve the value of their solutions when using AWS.     Devika Singh is a Solutions Architect at Amazon Web Services. Devika has expertise in database migrations to AWS and as part of AWS Data Lab, works with customers to design and build solutions in databases, data and analytics platforms. https://aws.amazon.com/blogs/database/migrating-user-defined-types-from-oracle-to-postgresql/

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300+ TOP DBMS Objective Questions and Answers

Database Management System Multiple Choice Questions :-

1) ------- responsible for authorizing access to the database, for co-ordinating and monitoring its use, acquiring software, and hardware resources, controlling its use and  monitoring efficiency of operations. A. Authorization Manager B. Storage Manager C. File Manager D. Transcation Manager E. Buffer Manager 2) ------- is a property that describes various characteristics of an entity A. ER Diagram B. Column C. Relationship D. Attribute 3) -------- level describes what data is stored in the database and the relationships among the data A. Physical Level B. Logical Level C. Conceptual Level D. None of the above 4) ---------- denote derived attributes. A. Double ellipse B. Dashed ellipse C. Squared ellipse D. Ellipse with attribute name underlined 5) A --------- is an association between entities A. Relation B. One to One C. Generalization D. Specialization 6) -------------  stores metadata about the structure of the data base A. Physical data base B. Query Analyzer C. Data Dictionary D. Data Catalog 7) ------------is a collection of operations that perform s single logical function in  a database application A. Transaction B. Concurrent operation C. Atomocity D. Durability 8) The problem that is compounded when constraints involve several data items from different files are Called -------- A. Transaction Control Management Problem B. Security Problem C. Integrity Problem D. Durability Problem 9) Ensuring atomicity is the responsibility of the ------------component A. File Manager B. Buffer Manager C. DBA D. Transation Manager 10) -----manages the allocation of the space on the disk storage and the data base structure  used to represent information stored on disk A. Disk Manager B. File Manager C. Buffer Manager D. Memory Manager E. None of the above

DBMS MCQs 11) is the minimal super key A. Primary Key B. Candidate Key C. Surrogate Key D. Unique Key E. Alternate Key 12) -engine executes low level instructions generated by the DML compilier A. DDL Analyzer B. Query Interpreter C. Database Engine D. None of the above 13) ------------responsible to define the content, the structure, the constraints, and functions or transactions against the database A. Transcation Manager B. Query Analyzer C. DBA D. All the above E. None of the above 14) In  ER model -------------denote  derived attributes A. Double ellipse B. Diamond C. Reactangle D. None of the above 15) Foreign Key can be null A. TRUE B. FALSE 16) All   primary keys should be super keys. A. TRUE B. FALSE 17) In   Relational database  Data is stored as record types and the  relationship is represented by set types A. True B. False 18) In   Hierarchical database to get to a low-level table, you start at the root and work your way down the tree until you reach your target data. A. True B. False 19) Using relational model we design conceptual   database design A. True B. False 20) Conceptual data model is the source of   information   for logical design phase A. True B. False 21) Logical database design describes describes base relations, file organizations, and indexes that are used to achieve efficient access to   data. A. True B. False 22) Conceptual data modeling uses a high level data modeling concept of E-R Models A. True B. False 23) Tables are required to have at least one column A. True B. False 24) Logical data independence. Refers to the separation of the external views from the conceptual view A. True B. False 25) Duplication of data is the disadvantage of DBMS A. True B. False 26) Candidate key can have a null value A. True B. False 27) Each program maintains its own set of data. So users of one program may be unaware of potentially useful data held by other programs  this leads toDuplication of data A. True B. False 28) A traditional database stores just data – with no procedures A. True B. False 29) Simple Attribute  composed of multiple components, each with an independent existence. A. True B. False 30) Cardinality specifies how many instances of an entity relate to one instance of another entity. A. True B. False 31. The ascending order of a data hirerchy is: a. bit-byte-record-field-file-database b. byte-bit-field-record-file-database c. bit-byte-field-record-file-database d. bit-byte-file-record-field-database 32. Which of the following is true of a network structure? a. t is a physical representation of the data b. It allows a many-to-many relationship c. It is conceptually simple d. It will be dominant data base of the future 33. Which of the following is a problem of file management system? a. difficult to update b. lack of data independence c. data redundancy d. program dependence e. all of above 34. One data dictionery software package is called a. DB/DC dictionary b. TOTAL c. ACCESS d. Datapac e. Data Manager 35. The function of a database is … a. to check all input data b. to check all spelling c. to collect and organize input data d. to output data 36. What is the language used by most of the DBMSs for helping their users to access data? a. High level language b. SQL c. Query Language d. 4GL 37. The model for a record management system might be a. handwritten list b. a Rolodex card file c. a business form d. all of above 38. Primitive operations common to all record management system include a. print b. sort c. look-up d. all of above 39. In a large DBMS a. each user can “see” only a small part of the entire database b. each subschema contains every field in the logical schema c. each user can access every subschema 40. Information can be transferred between the DBMS and a a. spreadsheet program b. word processor program c. graphics program d. all of the above Ques 1: Which of the following fields in a student file can be used as a primary key? a. class b. Social Security Number c. GPA d. Major Question 2: Which of the following is not an advantage of the database approach a. Elimination of data redundancy b. Ability of associate deleted data c. increased security d. program/data independence e. all of the above Question 3: Which of the following contains a complete record of all activity that affected the contents of a database during a certain period of time? a. report writer b. query language c. data manipulation language d. transaction log e. none of the above Question 4: In the DBMS approach, application programs perform the a. storage function b. processing functions c. access control d. all of the above e. none of the above Question 5: A set of programs that handle a firm’s database responsibilities is called a. database management system (DBMS) b. database processing system (DBPS) c. data management system (DMS) d. all of above Question 6: Which is the make given to the database management system which is able to handle full text data, image data, audio and video? a. full media b. graphics media c. multimedia d. hypertext Question 7: A record management system a. can handle many files of information at a time b. can be used to extract information stored in a computer file c. always uses a list as its model d. both a and b Question 8: A command that lets you change one or more fields in a record is a. insert b. modify c. lookup d. none of above Question 9: A transparent DBMS a. can not hide sensitive information from users b. keeps its logical structure hidden from users c. keeps its physical structure hidden from users d. both b and c Question 10: A file produced by a spreadsheet a. is generally stored on disk in an ASCII text fromat b. can be used as is by the DBMS c. both a and b d. none of the above Answers: 1.b 2.e 3.d 4.b 5.d 6.c 7.b 8.b 9.c 10.a Ques 1: Which of the following is not true of the traditional approach to information processing a. there is common sharing of data among the various applications b. it is file oriented c. programs are dependent on the file d. it is inflexible e. all of the above are true Question 2: Which of the following hardware component is the most important to the operation of database management system? a. high resolution video display b. printer c. high speed, large capacity disk d. plotter e. mouse Question 3: Generalized database management system do not retrieve data to meet routine request a. true b. false Question 4: Batch processing is appropriate if a. large computer system is available b. only a small computer system is avilbale c. only a few transactions are involved d. all of the above e. none of the above Question 5: Large collection of files are called a. fields b. records c. database d. sectors Question 6: Which of the following is not a relational database? a. dBase IV b. 4th Dimension c. FoxPro d. Reflex Question 7: In order to use a record management system a. you need to understand the low level details of how information is stored b. you need to understand the model the record management system uses c. bother a and b d. none of the above Question 8: Sort/Report generators a. are faster than index/report generators b. require more disk space than indexed/report generators c. do not need to sort before generating report d. both a and b Question 9: If a piece of data is stored in two places in the database, then a. storage space is wasted b. changing the data in one spot will cause data inconsistency c. in can be more easily accessed d. both and b Question 10: An audit trail a. is used to make backup copies b. is the recorded history of operations performed on a file c. can be used to restore lost information d. none of the aobve Answers: 1.a 2.c 3. b 4.e 5.c 6.d 7.b 8.b 9.d 10.b Ques 1: The relational database environment has all of the following components except a. users b. separate files c. database d. query languages e. database Question 2: Database management systems are intended to a. eliminate data redundancy b. establish relationship among records in different files c. manage file access d. maintain data integrity e. all of the above Question 3: One approach to standardization storing of data? a. MIS b. structured programming c. CODASYL specification d. none of the above Question 4: The language used application programs to request data from the DBMS is referred to as the a. DML b. DDL c. query language d. any of the above e. none of the above Question 5: The highest level in the hierarchy of data organization is called a. data bank b. data base c. data file d. data record Question 6: Choose the RDBMS which supports full fledged client server application development a. dBase V b. Oracle 7.1 c. FoxPro 2.1 d. Ingress Question 7: Report generators are used to a. store data input by a user b. retrieve information from files c. answer queries d. both b and c Question 8: A form defined a. where data is placed on the screen b. the width of each field c. both a and b d. none of the above Question 9: A top-to-bottom relationship among the items in a database is established by a a. hierarchical schema b. network schema c. relational schema d. all of the above Question 10: The management information system (MIS) structure with one main computer system is called a a. hierarchical MIS structure b. distributed MIS structure c. centralized MIS structure d. decentralized MIS structure Answers: 1.b 2.e 3.c 4.a 5.b 6. b 7.d 8.a 9.a 10.c DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM Questions and Answers pdf Download Read the full article

[phantomthread]

Who do u think has the best chance of wining best actor at golden globes or oscars ( nominations not yet ) ?

Hopefully, Daniel. Haha, I couldn’t betray him. 

But this year award season is so unpredictable and there are no clear winners. It’s already weird enough that DDL failed to make a clean sweep of awards like he usually did. Still I think it’s a race between DDL, Gary Oldman and Timothée Chalamet with Gary up front with the best odds of winning it. If he could behave himself for another few weeks he could win the Oscars although his past racist comments might not sit too well with HFPA members. But the Academy loves biopic portrayal like that and PTA films are always too weird for them. I know they love Daniel but they also used to see DDL playing towering colossal characters like Plainview and Lincoln. From what I read, DDL’s role in Phantom Thread is more subtle and not as showy as his past characters because the film was actually written to be about Alma’s story not Reynolds.

There has never been an actor as young as Timothée winning the Oscar for Best Actor. If he won, he would make a history. I don’t think Denzel’s performance poses much of a threat to the other nominees. Tom Hanks, maybe. So if the votes were split between two or three names, like what happened in 2003, the award could go to a dark horse like Robert Pattinson, James Franco or even Daniel Kaluuya. 

But I’m not rooting for anyone else but Daniel. Not even if he wasn’t nominated.

[sdierdorf]

Scott’s Top Ten Movies

They’ll probably change tomorrow. But here’ s where I’m at right now. (Presented in alphabetical order.)

2001: A Space Odyssey Stanley Kubrick • 1968 It’s hard for me to say which is Kubrick’s best film, but this is the one that moves me the most. I see it whenever I can, and I get something new out of it each time. It’s more philosophy than story, really, but it grabs your attention and never let’s go. And, of course, it’s visually stunning, with special effects that have never been equalled.

Blade Runner  Ridley Scott • 1982 I hesitate to call this a guilty pleasure, but for some reason it feels that way. More noir than sci-fi, Blade Runner never stops interesting me. Scott’s direction is spot on, and Harrison Ford’s cocksure performance is perfect. Another movie I watch whenever I can. 

Citizen Kane  Orson Welles • 1941 I know it’s a little cliche to say you love this movie, but boy do I love this movie. Seeing this for the first time was an awakening for me. It showed me that films could be more than just entertainment, and set me off on a life of loving film as art and craft. 

Dune David Lynch • 1984 Okay, this one is a guilty pleasure. A flawed film to be sure, but what can I say? I love it. It’s confusing and hastily assembled, and it’s questionable if it ever would have come together even if the studio hadn’t meddled with it. But it’s also gorgeous, and inspiring, and its scenes are all so tightly written that it makes you realize what a master screenwriter Lynch is. It’s the perfect vision of what the novel Dune was trying for, and, although I love Denis Villeneuve, he’s got some big shoes to fill with his coming Dune adaptation.

My Neighbor Totoro  Miyazaki • 1988 I say this is the greatest children’s movie ever made, and I’ll fight anyone who tries to argue. Not only is My Neighbor Totoro an example of the towering artistic achievement that is possible in animation, it’s also a sweet, funny, kind film. Totoro is perhaps the best children’s character ever: part protector, part little brother, part magical unicorn. I’ve seen it a thousand times, but the magic never wears off.

Mulholland Dr. David Lynch • 1999 I’ll take a flyer here and say that this is Lynch’s best film. It contains virtually every Lynchian trope, but puts them all in a package that is challenging to the viewer but ultimately coheres perfectly. (This is in contrast to his other masterpiece Lost Highway, which is similar in tone but far more elliptical.) More to the point, I love watching it. I have to be in the right mood to watch Lost Highway, but I can watch Mulholland Dr. anytime.

Raiders of the Lost Ark Steven Spielberg • 1981 The ultimate popcorn adventure movie, Raiders of the Lost Ark is also one of the greatest examples of film craft ever put on screen. If you ever doubted Spielberg’s talent, simply sit down and watch Raiders with a critical eye. Although aided by a great script by Lawrence Kasdan and the keen eye of DP Douglas Slocombe, most of the glory here is Spielberg’s. Watching Raiders is a thrill-ride of cinematic craft.

Rashomon Akira Kurosawa • 1950 It’s hard to pick just one Kurosawa film for this list. I easily could have chosen Ran, Seven Samurai, Yojimbo, High and Low, or The Bad Sleep Well. All are brilliant films, and all are personal favorites. But Rashomon has an extra certain something that makes it special. The structure is famously brilliant, the acting is top notch, and the black and white photography is beautiful. It’s a more personal film, so it lacks the epic sweep of Ran or Seven Samurai, but I don’t think it’s the worse for it. This was Kurosawa’s debut on the international stage and was a revelation to me when I saw it. 

Singin’ In The Rain  Stanley Donen & Gene Kelly • 1952 This is the greatest movie musical ever, and I love it. The songs are great, the acting is great, and the dancing never fails to impress. Even more than that, though, I love the direction, in particular the “Broadway Melody” sequence. It’s tight, efficient, gorgeous, and hilarious. Truly a masterpiece within a masterpiece.

Vertigo/Notorious/Hitchcock 

Honorable Mentions

Back to the Future (Zemeckis, 1985) – Forget Chinatown; this might be the most perfect script ever written.

Barry Lyndon (Kubrick, 1975) – Gorgeous.

The Gold Rush (Chaplin, 1925) – Not as perfect a film as City Lights, but funnier.

In the Mood For Love (Wong, 2000) – A beautiful story, gorgeously rendered.

Lawrence of Arabia (Lean, 1962) – They don’t make movies of this scale anymore.

The New World (Malick, 2005) – A religious experience.

The Passion of Joan of Arc (Dreyer, 1928) – The most beautiful black and white photography ever put on film.

Raising Arizona (Coen, 1987) – Another of my favorite comedies of all time, and overall great piece of filmmaking.

Some Like It Hot (Wilder, 1959) – One of my favorite comedies of all time. Lemmon and Curtis at their best.

There Will Be Blood (Anderson, 2007) – Watching DDL work is such a joy.

Up (Docter & Peterson, 2009) – I love the whole film, but the first 20 minutes stand alone as one of the most moving silent films ever made.

[foxmachinery]

WHAT IS Direct Diode Laser TECHNOLOGY? The buzz about DDL.

Article written by Al Bohlen, President Mazak Optonics Corp.

Better than fiber, DDL Lasers are: 1. More Efficient 2. Faster 3. Better Quality Cuts

Recently, Mazak Optonics Corp. introduced a first of its kind laser-cutting machine which utilized a direct diode laser (DDL), the Versatile Compact Laser - Tube 100 (VCL-T100). Now we have announced another direct diode laser, the OPTIPLEX 3015 DDL. This machine has changed the game for high power laser cutting. Direct diode laser technology has shaken the industrial laser cutting industry, but not everyone understands what it is, how it works or why it has gained such traction.

What is Direct Diode Laser (DDL) Technology?

The name explains the process. DDL technology utilizes diodes directly. This is managed through eliminating the doped fiber system used in fiber laser technology. Which in turn, makes the DDL course more efficient since the middle process is now eliminated. Direct diode lasers are also the smallest and most reliable laser source, all while having an exceptionally high quality beam.

Why is DDL now being introduced as a laser source?

Until recently, DDL has only been available in lower power levels less than 2,000 watts, which has limited its use in a wider range of industrial cutting applications. Today the platform has been developed and expanded to accommodate 8,000+ watts of power. These higher power levels combined with its very unique characteristics including reliability, efficiency and quality have now allowed DDL to be utilized in thicker material applications. While many laser users have embraced solid state laser technology and the benefits from higher cut speeds and lower costs of operation, these users have desired high edge quality that has not yet been possible with fiber and disc technology.

What are the benefits of DDL?

There are three key areas which DDL has made advancements over CO2, fiber and disc laser technology.

1. First is the overall efficiency of the laser. As you can see from below, Mazak's DDL has improved wall plug efficiency compared to any of the other laser sources. This is because the diodes can be used directly instead of having to go through the doped fiber system.

2. The second key benefit of DDL technology is the cut speeds. DDL has cut speed advantages typically about 15% faster in all material types and thickness, but it is most notable in aluminum. We are seeing, in come cases, 30% faster cut speeds in aluminum over fiber or disc.

3. However, what is most notable is the superior cut quality in all materials over the typical results seen in fiber or disc technology. Due to the DDL wavelength and beam shape characteristics are different than the other laser sources. The DDL characteristics are such that we can provide a more superior edge quality not yet seen on fiber or disc laser all while running at speeds, which in many cases, are faster. DDL have the ability to cut a wide range of material types and thickness, which certainly include a variety of steel compositions, aluminum, stainless steel, etc.

In addition, DDL is very capable of cutting Titanium, Hastelloy, Inconel and other exotics quite well.

What does Mazak Optonics Corp offer?

Currently Mazak Optonics Corp. offers two different laser-cutting machines utilizing DDL technology. One is an affordable tube production laser and the other is a high power, high speed, flat sheet laser-cutting system. The VCL- T100 is an affordable tube production laser that is engineered and produced at our sister company's manufacturing campus in Florence, Kentucky. The VCL-T100 is a compact laser-cutting system that has high-end value and performance while maintaining an economical price point.

Yet the machine that we have seen the greatest impact with is the OPTIPLEX 3015 DDL. This laser-cutting system has changed the game with its impeccable finished parts' edge quality and extraordinary cutting speeds. This machine also has our new cutting-edge PreviewG control and drive system which has integrated tech tables to simplify operation. The OPTIPLEX 3015 DDL incorporates our Intelligent Multi-Control Torch HP-D and Nozzle Changer technology to directly increase the productivity of the end user by allowing the machine to optimize the torch setup automatically per program. This optimization can dramatically improve cut speeds, increase throughput and require less operator intervention, delivering more predictable processing day after day.

Mazak has made significant investments to develop proprietary DDL technology. We are excited to have this unique advantage exclusive to Mazak. We have established our self as the first to market with DDL and as the leader in DDL development. We will continue to expand its power levels and offering in all ranges of our products.

[marcosplavsczyk]

SQL complete is one of the best time-saving tools for any DBA who works on database objects and data stored inside these objects using T-SQL. It’s in the job description to be very familiar with T-SQL both from a DDL and DML perspective. Data Definition Language requires writing statements like CREATE, ALTER, DROP, etc. and Data Manipulation Language applies to commands like SELECT, INSERT, UPDATE, etc.

Mastering querying SQL Server and writing T-SQL code effortlessly requires years of experience in the respective field. We all want to be more productive, get more things done during core hours, in a way that will make us a very efficient DBA. Wouldn’t it be nice to have a tool that will make all of the above easier? Fortunately, there is!

This article is a general review of one such SQL complete tool that enables DBAs to automatically complete SQL statements directly in SQL Server Management Studio and Visual Studio, improve productivity with snippets, keep track of all executed queries, auto-correct common typing errors, and much more.

Introduction

ApexSQL Complete is a SQL Server coding productivity tool with lots of features designed to provide a set of comprehensive utilities that can significantly improve productivity and speed up the development process.

Such tools are frequently overlooked by DBAs because of fear that installing any additional extensions to favorite IDE will slow things down. This is a widely held but false belief as add-ins, such as this SQL complete tool, are usually small utilities that don’t affect the performance of host applications on modern powerful machines.

With that in mind, let’s head over to SSMS with this add-in installed and see what it can do.

SQL complete statements

Code completion is the main feature of this add-in that allows auto-completion of SQL keywords, fragments, and even entire statements, filling in known and reserved words to save time and increase efficiency when writing queries.

When a new query editor is opened, as soon as typing is started e.g. a SELECT statement to retrieve rows and columns, the hint-list will appear offering valid members from the current context:

The add-in shows suggestions in the hint-list while typing, enabling users to quickly insert tables, columns, procedures, views, etc. also working with encrypted objects. The SQL complete is enabled by default and will suppress the native IntelliSense feature. But don’t worry. What it has to offer is much more.

Auto-completed keywords can be automatically formatted in UPPER, Proper, or lower case. The add-in allows users to view an object’s definition and description within the query editor. Another neat feature is its ability to automatically insert closing corresponding characters – forgetting e.g. the closing bracket, among others, is a very common mistake. The list of hint-list options goes on and on.

Customizable snippets

SQL snippets are code fragments that speed up coding by inserting frequently-used SQL constructs automatically.

The SQL complete add-in comes with more or less 230 built-in snippets that can be viewed from the Snippets library:

Start typing the name of any snippet from the library and it will appear in the hint-list. Select it to use it and SQL complete will enter T-SQL code in the query editor:

Snippets are also great for frequently running queries. DBAs tend to have a folder full of SQL scripts that they have to open up each time there’s a need. Why not save the frequently running query as a snippet and use it in just a few clicks? Here’s how to do it.

Creating a new snippet can be done either from the Options window or directly from the query editor. Highlight the code for a new snippet, right-click on it, and select Create snippet. In the newly opened window, give it a name and description (optional), and click OK to save it in the library:

Back in the query editor, as soon as the name of the newly created snipper is typed, it will pop up at the very top of the hint-list. When selected, SQL complete will enter the code as shown below:

SQL code auto-replacements

Text auto-replacements utility allows users to replace any text previously specified with the appropriate keyword, object name, or any kind of SQL code. Though it can be used for the same purpose as described in the previous example, auto-replacements are handy for fixing common typing errors and in that way speed up SQL coding.

Let’s see how it works. Can you spot a problem in the query below?

USE AdventureWorks2012; GO SELECT * FORM Production.Product ORDER BY Name ASC;

If you run this query, an error will be shown which states:

Incorrect syntax near ‘FORM’.

Oh, right. There’s a misspelled FROM as FORM. These are frequently found in keywords like SELECT, FROM, and WHERE, etc. or in column and table names.

An easy fix to overcome this problem is to go to ApexSQL main menu (Extensions menu in VS 2019) > ApexSQL Complete > Manage auto-replacements:

In the Auto-replacements window, click the New button to create a new item. For this particular example, specify that “form” should be replaced with “FROM” as shown below, and click OK in both windows to save changes:

Back in the query editor, next time there’s a typo and “form” is typed instead of “from”, SQL complete will automatically correct the mistyped keyword:

Log executed queries

Executed queries is a feature that logs information about executed queries. This allows users to browse a list of executed queries, search for specific ones, and re-use them rather than writing them again.

To go back in time, at least in the T-SQL world, navigate through SQL complete add-in main menu in the host application and pick Executed queries command. This will open a new window in which information about the date and time of the execution, user who executed a query, targeted database, duration, the status of execution, and duration can be found:

The T-SQL of executed queries can be searched through the search box at the top of the window. Only queries that meet search criteria will be shown, and the corresponding keyword will be highlighted in the T-SQL preview panel:

This window is always on top, but users can freely navigate out of it and perform other tasks. Doble-click on any query from the list executed in the past will place its T-SQL code in a new query editor so that it can be reused.

Connection tab coloring

Tab coloring is a feature that allows users to set query connection colors for individual instances of SQL Server down to the database level. Connections can be assigned to a specific environment thus making it easy to identify which connection a tab is currently using which can save time by eliminating the possibility of DBA making a mistake like executing heavy tasks in the production environment.

Setting up tab coloring is as easy as going to Tab coloring in Options window where server and database should be selected, and then assigned to an environment by clicking on the Add button as shown below:

Next time a new query is opened and the connection meets previously defined settings to one of the environments, SQL complete will color that query tab correspondingly making it easy to distinguish active environment:

Code structure viewer

Code structure utility helps users identify the construction of complex queries in the tree-like form of the code from an active query editor. It gives a high-level overview of T-SQL code which is useful for quick navigation and code understanding.

When enabled, the code structure window is shown on the left side of the query editor as shown below:

Moving the cursor thought statements in Code structure will quickly jump to different sections of a script in the query editor and highlight the corresponding code.

Database object search

Go to object is a utility for finding objects and highlighting them in Object Explorer. DBAs frequently perform database searches by querying system views to find specific objects and obtain additional information related to them. There’re some other ways, but here’s how to do it in ApexSQL Complete.

Select a database from Object Explorer to retrieve a list of objects from and navigate through SQL complete main menu to Go to objects command:

At first, the Go to object window will list all the objects in the database that SQL complete add-in has in its metadata AKA cache. As soon as a keyword is entered in the search field, results will be filtered and only matches will be shown:

Doble-click any object from the list to locate it in Object Explorer:

This can be achieved from the query editor as well. When working on a script, right-click an object in it and choose the Navigate to object option from the menu:

Query results search

Search results utility can save time when working on large Results set retrieved by a query. It allows users to search for data in one or even more results grids in case of multiple SELECT statements and highlight the results.

Once the Results set is populated with data, navigate through SQL complete main menu, and choose the Results search command. Type a keyword and click Highlight all option to find that particular keyword in the Results set data. Each time the Highlight all option is used, the number of found results is updated:

Practicing safe coding

Test mode is a feature that allows users to execute queries safely without affecting a database. Don’t waste time wrapping code around begin and rollback transactions. This SQL complete add-in will do that for you.

For example, let’s create a table by specifying columns from multiple sources using the example below:

SELECT c.FirstName, c.LastName, e.JobTitle, a.AddressLine1, sp.Name AS [State/Province], a.PostalCode INTO dbo.EmployeeAddresses FROM Person.Person AS c JOIN HumanResources.Employee AS e ON e.BusinessEntityID = c.BusinessEntityID JOIN Person.BusinessEntityAddress AS bea ON e.BusinessEntityID = bea.BusinessEntityID JOIN Person.Address AS a ON bea.AddressID = a.AddressID JOIN Person.StateProvince as sp ON sp.StateProvinceID = a.StateProvinceID; GO

Now, before executing this code and selecting multiple columns from various employee-related and address-related tables, let’s check how many records will be created in the database.

Simply click on the Test mode option from the SSMS’s toolbar or navigate to it through the main menu and notice that SSMS’s status bar will go red:

This is an indicator that any executed code will not make actual changes to a database’s structure. However, when a query is executed in test mode, it will give us information on how many rows will be affected:

Next, if the result is satisfactory and there’s nothing odd about the outcome of a query, simply turn off the test mode, and rerun the query for the changes to go through. Pretty neat. Right?

SSMS and VS integration

The add-in integrated simultaneously to both SQL Server Management Studio and Visual Studio.

Simply run the executable installer and in the host integration step, select SSMS and/or VS versions to integrate the SQL complete add-in into and click the Install button:

For detailed information about the installation options, see How to install ApexSQL add-ins and integrate into host environments e.g. SSMS, Visual Studio.

Extra features

The add-in has a ton of features and going through each of them would take time. Nevertheless, some of the honorable mentions are listed below in the form of knowledgebase articles:

CRUD procedures

Execution alerts

Export to Excel

Tab navigation

These might not be directly connected to boosting productivity but will definitely come handy for use in some of the tasks DBAs are faced with.

Conclusion

Seeing the above, it’s safe to say that this SQL complete add-in includes a set of productivity utilities that belongs in the toolbox of any DBA who works with Microsoft SQL Server using either SQL Server Management Studio, Visual Studio or even both. Code completion and keywords formatting, snippet insertion, auto-replacements, etc. are just some of the features that contribute to higher efficiency in the development process.

We hope you found this article helpful. Happy coding!

[bruhcardi]

Database Interview Questions for java

What’s the Difference between a Primary Key and a Unique Key?

Both primary key and unique key enforce uniqueness of the column on which they are defined. But by default, the primary key creates a clustered index on the column, whereas unique key creates a non-clustered index by default. Another major difference is that primary key doesn’t allow NULLs, but unique key allows one NULL only. Primary Key is the address of data and unique key may not.

What are the Different Index Configurations a Table can have?

A table can have one of the following index configurations:

No indexes A clustered index A clustered index and many non-clustered indexes A non-clustered index Many non-clustered indexes

What is Difference between DELETE and TRUNCATE Commands?

The DELETE command is used to remove rows from a table. A WHERE clause can be used to only remove some rows. If no WHERE condition is specified, all rows will be removed. After performing a DELETE operation you need to COMMIT or ROLLBACK the transaction to make the change permanent or to undo it. Note that this operation will cause all DELETE triggers on the table to fire.

TRUNCATE removes all rows from a table. The operation cannot be rolled back and no triggers will be fired. As such, TRUCATE is faster and doesn’t use as much undo space as a DELETE.

TRUNCATE

TRUNCATE is faster and uses fewer system and transaction log resources than DELETE. TRUNCATE removes the data by deallocating the data pages used to store the table’s data, and only the page deallocations are recorded in the transaction log. TRUNCATE removes all the rows from a table, but the table structure, its columns, constraints, indexes and so on remains. The counter used by an identity for new rows is reset to the seed for the column. You cannot use TRUNCATE TABLE on a table referenced by a FOREIGN KEY constraint. Using T-SQL – TRUNCATE cannot be rolled back unless it is used in TRANSACTION. OR TRUNCATE can be rolled back when used with BEGIN … END TRANSACTION using T-SQL. TRUNCATE is a DDL Command. TRUNCATE resets the identity of the table.

DELETE

DELETE removes rows one at a time and records an entry in the transaction log for each deleted row. DELETE does not reset Identity property of the table. DELETE can be used with or without a WHERE clause DELETE activates Triggers if defined on table. DELETE can be rolled back. DELETE is DML Command. DELETE does not reset the identity of the table.

What are Different Types of Locks?

Shared Locks: Used for operations that do not change or update data (read-only operations), such as a SELECT statement. Update Locks: Used on resources that can be updated. It prevents a common form of deadlock that occurs when multiple sessions are reading, locking, and potentially updating resources later. Exclusive Locks: Used for data-modification operations, such as INSERT, UPDATE, or DELETE. It ensures that multiple updates cannot be made to the same resource at the same time.

What are Pessimistic Lock and Optimistic Lock?

Optimistic Locking is a strategy where you read a record, take note of a version number and check that the version hasn’t changed before you write the record back. If the record is dirty (i.e. different version to yours), then you abort the transaction and the user can re-start it. Pessimistic Locking is when you lock the record for your exclusive use until you have finished with it. It has much better integrity than optimistic locking but requires you to be careful with your application design to avoid Deadlocks.

What is the Difference between a HAVING clause and a WHERE clause?

They specify a search condition for a group or an aggregate. But the difference is that HAVING can be used only with the SELECT statement. HAVING is typically used in a GROUP BY clause. When GROUP BY is not used, HAVING behaves like a WHERE clause. Having Clause is basically used only with the GROUP BY function in a query, whereas WHERE Clause is applied to each row before they are part of the GROUP BY function in a query.

What is NOT NULL Constraint?

A NOT NULL constraint enforces that the column will not accept null values. The not null constraints are used to enforce domain integrity, as the check constraints.

What is the difference between UNION and UNION ALL?

UNION The UNION command is used to select related information from two tables, much like the JOIN command. However, when using the UNION command all selected columns need to be of the same data type. With UNION, only distinct values are selected.

UNION ALL The UNION ALL command is equal to the UNION command, except that UNION ALL selects all values.

The difference between UNION and UNION ALL is that UNION ALL will not eliminate duplicate rows, instead it just pulls all rows from all the tables fitting your query specifics and combines them into a table.

What is B-Tree?

The database server uses a B-tree structure to organize index information. B-Tree generally has following types of index pages or nodes:

Root node: A root node contains node pointers to only one branch node.

Branch nodes: A branch node contains pointers to leaf nodes or other branch nodes, which can be two or more.

Leaf nodes: A leaf node contains index items and horizontal pointers to other leaf nodes, which can be many.

What are the Advantages of Using Stored Procedures?

Stored procedure can reduced network traffic and latency, boosting application performance. Stored procedure execution plans can be reused; they staying cached in SQL Server’s memory, reducing server overhead. Stored procedures help promote code reuse. Stored procedures can encapsulate logic. You can change stored procedure code without affecting clients. Stored procedures provide better security to your data.

What is SQL Injection? How to Protect Against SQL Injection Attack? SQL injection is an attack in which malicious code is inserted into strings that are later passed to an instance of SQL Server for parsing and execution. Any procedure that constructs SQL statements should be reviewed for injection vulnerabilities because SQL Server will execute all syntactically valid queries that it receives. Even parameterized data can be manipulated by a skilled and determined attacker. Here are few methods which can be used to protect again SQL Injection attack:

Use Type-Safe SQL Parameters Use Parameterized Input with Stored Procedures Use the Parameters Collection with Dynamic SQL Filtering Input parameters Use the escape character in LIKE clause Wrapping Parameters with QUOTENAME() and REPLACE()

What is the Correct Order of the Logical Query Processing Phases?

The correct order of the Logical Query Processing Phases is as follows: 1. FROM 2. ON 3. OUTER 4. WHERE 5. GROUP BY 6. CUBE | ROLLUP 7. HAVING 8. SELECT 9. DISTINCT 10. TOP 11. ORDER BY

What are Different Types of Join?

Cross Join : A cross join that does not have a WHERE clause produces the Cartesian product of the tables involved in the join. The size of a Cartesian product result set is the number of rows in the first table multiplied by the number of rows in the second table. The common example is when company wants to combine each product with a pricing table to analyze each product at each price. Inner Join : A join that displays only the rows that have a match in both joined tables is known as inner Join. This is the default type of join in the Query and View Designer. Outer Join : A join that includes rows even if they do not have related rows in the joined table is an Outer Join. You can create three different outer join to specify the unmatched rows to be included: Left Outer Join: In Left Outer Join, all the rows in the first-named table, i.e. “left” table, which appears leftmost in the JOIN clause, are included. Unmatched rows in the right table do not appear. Right Outer Join: In Right Outer Join, all the rows in the second-named table, i.e. “right” table, which appears rightmost in the JOIN clause are included. Unmatched rows in the left table are not included. Full Outer Join : In Full Outer Join, all the rows in all joined tables are included, whether they are matched or not. Self Join : This is a particular case when one table joins to itself with one or two aliases to avoid confusion. A self join can be of any type, as long as the joined tables are the same. A self join is rather unique in that it involves a relationship with only one table. The common example is when company has a hierarchal reporting structure whereby one member of staff reports to another. Self Join can be Outer Join or Inner Join.

What is a View?

A simple view can be thought of as a subset of a table. It can be used for retrieving data as well as updating or deleting rows. Rows updated or deleted in the view are updated or deleted in the table the view was created with. It should also be noted that as data in the original table changes, so does the data in the view as views are the way to look at parts of the original table. The results of using a view are not permanently stored in the database. The data accessed through a view is actually constructed using standard T-SQL select command and can come from one to many different base tables or even other views.

What is an Index?

An index is a physical structure containing pointers to the data. Indices are created in an existing table to locate rows more quickly and efficiently. It is possible to create an index on one or more columns of a table, and each index is given a name. The users cannot see the indexes; they are just used to speed up queries. Effective indexes are one of the best ways to improve performance in a database application. A table scan happens when there is no index available to help a query. In a table scan, the SQL Server examines every row in the table to satisfy the query results. Table scans are sometimes unavoidable, but on large tables, scans have a terrific impact on performance.

Can a view be updated/inserted/deleted? If Yes – under what conditions ?

A View can be updated/deleted/inserted if it has only one base table if the view is based on columns from one or more tables then insert, update and delete is not possible.

What is a Surrogate Key?

A surrogate key is a substitution for the natural primary key. It is just a unique identifier or number for each row that can be used for the primary key to the table. The only requirement for a surrogate primary key is that it should be unique for each row in the table. It is useful because the natural primary key can change and this makes updates more difficult. Surrogated keys are always integer or numeric.

How to remove duplicates from table? ? 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

DELETE FROM TableName WHERE ID NOT IN (SELECT MAX(ID) FROM TableName GROUP BY Column1, Column2, Column3, ------ Column..n HAVING MAX(ID) IS NOT NULL)

Note : Where Combination of Column1, Column2, Column3, … Column n define the uniqueness of Record.

How to fine the N’th Maximum salary using SQL query?

Using Sub query ? 1 2 3 4 5 6

SELECT * FROM Employee E1 WHERE (N-1) = ( SELECT COUNT(DISTINCT(E2.Salary)) FROM Employee E2 WHERE E2.Salary > E1.Salary )

Another way to get 2’nd maximum salary ? 1

Select max(Salary) From Employee e where e.sal < ( select max(sal) from employee );

[youngprogrammersclub]

DBA Interview Questions with Answer Part14

Why drop table is not going into Recycle bin? If you are using SYS user to drop any table then user’s object will not go to the recyclebin as there is no recyclebin for SYSTEM tablespace, even we have already SET recycle bin parameter TRUE.Select * from v$parameter where name = 'recyclebin';Show parameter recyclebin; How to recover password in oracle 10g?You can query with the table user_history$. The password history is store in this table.How to detect inactive session to kill automatically?You can use the SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME for the dead connections (for abnormal disconnections) by specifying a time interval in minute to send a problem message that verify client/server connections are active. Setting the value greater than 0 to this parameter ensures that connection is not left open indefinitely, due to abnormal client termination. If probe finds a terminated connection, or connection that is no longer in use, it returns an error, causing the server process to exit. SQLNET.EXPIRE_TIME=10Why we need CASCADE option with DROP USER command whenever dropping a user and why "DROP USER" commands fails when we don't use it?If a user having any object then ‘YES’ in that case you are not able to drop that user without using CASCADE option. The DROP USER with CASCADE option command drops user along with its all associated objects. Remember it is a DDL command after the execution of this command rollback cannot be performed.Can you suggest the best steps to refresh a Database?Refreshing the database is nothing but applying the change on one database (PROD) to another (Test). You can use import/export and RMAN method for this purpose.Import/Export Method:If you database is small and if you need to refresh particular schema only then it is always better to use this method.Export the dump file from source DBDrop and recreate Test environment User.Import the dump to destination DB.RMAN Method: Now days RMAN is most likely to be used for backup and recovery. It is relatively easier and better method for full database refresh to be refreshed. It is taking less time as compare to import/export method. Here also you can use particular SCN based refreshing.#!/usr/bin/kshexport ORAENV_ASK='NO'export ORACLE_SID=PRD/usr/local/bin/oraenvexport NLS_LANG=American_america.us7ascii;export NLS_DATE_FORMAT="Mon DD YYYY HH24:MI:SS";$ORACLE_HOME/bin/rman target / nocatalog log=/tmp/duplicate_tape_TEST.log connect auxiliary sys/PASSWORD@TEST;run{allocate auxiliary channel aux1 device type disk;set until SCN 42612597059;duplicate target database to "TEST" pfile='/u01/app/xxxx/product/10.2.0/db_1/dbs/initTEST.ora' NOFILENAMECHECK;}EOFHow will we know the IP address of our system in Linux environment?Either use ipconfig command or ip addr showIt will give you all IP address and if you have oracle 9i you can query from SQL prompt.SELECT UTL_INADDR.GET_HOST_ADDRESS "Host Address", UTL_INADDR.GET_HOST_NAME "Host Name" FROM DUAL;Can we create Bigfile Tablespace for all databases?Infact your question do we create bigfile tablespace for every database is not clear for me. If you are asking can we create bigfile for every database?Yes you can but it is not ideal for every datafile if your work is suitable for small file then why you create bigfile but if your mean is impact of bigfile that depends on your requirements and storage.A bigfile tablespace is having single very big datafile which can store 4GB to 128 TB.Creating single large datafile reducing the requirement of SGA and also it will allow you modification at tablespace level. In fact it is ideal for ASM, logical device supporting stripping. Avoid using bigfile tablespace where there is limited space availability. For more details impact, advantage, disadvantage of bigfile on my blog.Can you gice more explanation on logfile states?“CURRENT” state means that redo records are currently being written to that group. It will be until a log switch occurs. At a time there can be only one redo group current.If a redo group containing redo’s of a dirty buffer that redo group is said to be ‘ACTIVE’ state. As we know log file keep changes made to the data blocks then data blocks are modified in buffer cache (dirty blocks). These dirty blocks must be written to the disk (RAM to permanent media).And when a redolog group contains no redo records belonging to a dirty buffer it is in an "INACTIVE" state. These inactive redolog can be overwritten.One more state ‘UNUSED’ initially when you create new redo log group its log file is empty on that time it is unused. Later it can be any of the above mentioned state.What is difference between oracle SID and Oracle service name?Oracle SID is the unique name that uniquely identifies your instance/database where as the service name is the TNS alias can be same or different as SID. How to find session for Remote users?-- To return session id on remote session:‎SELECT distinct sid FROM v$mystat;-- Return session id of you in remote Environment:‎Select sid from v$mystat@remot_db where rownum=1;We have a complete cold Backup taken on Sunday. The database crashed on Wednesday. None of the database files are available. The only files we have are the taped backup archive files till Wednesday. Is there a possibility of recovering the database until the recent archive which we have in the tape using the cold backup.Yes, if you have all the archive logs since the cold backup then you can recover to your last logSteps:1) Restore all backup datafiles, and controlfile. Also restore the password file and init.ora if you lost those too. Don't restore your redo logs if you backed them up. 2) Make sure that ORACLE_SID is set to the database you want to recover 3) startup mount;4) Recover database using backup controlfile; At this point Oracle should start applying all your archive logs, assuming that they're in log_archive_dest5) alter database open resetlogs;How to check RMAN version in oracle?If you want to check RMAN catalog version then use the below query from SQL*plusSQL> Select * from rcver;If you want to check simply database version.SQL> Select * from v$version;What is the minimum size of Temporary Tablespace?1041 KBDifference b/w image copies and backup sets?An image copy is identical, byte by byte, to the original datafile, control file, or archived redo log file. RMAN can write blocks from many files into the same backup set but can’t do so in the case of an image copy.An RMAN image copy and a copy you make with an operating system copy command such as dd (which makes image copies) are identical. Since RMAN image copies are identical to copies made with operating system copy commands, you may use user-made image copies for an RMAN restore and recovery operation after first making the copies “known” to RMAN by using the catalog command.You can make image copies only on disk but not on a tape device. "backup as copy database;" Therefore, you can use the backup as copy option only for disk backups, and the backup as backupset option is the only option you have for making tape backups.How can we see the C: drive free space capacity from SQL?create an external table to read data from a file that will be as below create BAT file free.bat as @setlocal enableextensions enable delayedexpansion @echo off for /f "tokens=3" %%a in ('dir c:') do ( set bytesfree=%%a ) set bytesfree=%bytesfree:,=% echo %bytesfree% endlocal && set bytesfree=%bytesfree% You can create a schedular to run the above free.bat, free_space.txt inside the oracle directory.Differentiate between Tuning Advisor and Access Advisor?The tuning Advisor:–        It suggests indexes that might be very useful.–        It suggests query rewrites.–        It suggests SQL profileThe Access Advisor:–        It suggest indexes that may be useful–        Suggestion about materialized view.–        Suggestion about table partitions also in latest version of oracle.How to give Access of particular table for particular user?GRANT SELECT (EMPLOYEE_NUMBER), UPDATE (AMOUNT) ON HRMS.PAY_PAYMENT_MASTER TO SHAHID;The Below command checks the SELECT privilege on the table PAY_PAYMENT_MASTER on the HRMS schema (if connected user is different than the schema)SELECT PRIVILEGEFROM ALL_TAB_PRIVS_RECDWHERE PRIVILEGE = 'SELECT'AND TABLE_NAME = 'PAY_PAYMENT_MASTER'AND OWNER = 'HRMS'UNION ALLSELECT PRIVILEGEFROM SESSION_PRIVSWHERE PRIVILEGE = 'SELECT ANY TABLE';What are the problem and complexities if we use SQL Tuning Advisor and Access Advisor together?I think both the tools are useful for resolving SQL tuning issues. SQL Tuning Advisor seems to be doing logical optimization mainly by checking your SQL structure and statistics and the SQL Access Advisor does suggest good data access paths, that is mainly work which can be done better on disk.Both SQL Tuning Advisor and SQL Access Advisor tools are quite powerful as they can source the SQL they will tune automatically from multiple different sources, including SQL cache, AWR, SQL tuning Sets and user defined workloads. Related with the argument complexity and problem of using these tools or how you can use these tools together better to check oracle documentation.

[phantomthread]

Hi, what are your expectations for Phantom Thread? I'm convinced he will retire with a career best performance

I had a lot of expectations since the first time the project was announced. I even dreamed about it. More like, I kinda wish Phantom Thread is another There Will Be Blood. But then I realized that was a stupid thing to wish for. There Will Be Blood is a tough act to follow. Even for PTA himself. So now, I try not to expect anything before seeing the movie. I’m unable to do a full blackout but I’m trying my best to go in as blind as possible. I believe that’s the best way to enjoy PTA’s. 

I’m unsure what to make of DDL’s last performance until I see it. Before the embargo lifted I read some comments that his was just okay, Krieps and Manville stole the show, their characters were better written and so on. But judging from the reviews released now (I read the headlines and some paragraphs about him), the critics had nothing but praised. I guess, we’ll see if his last performance is really his best but I have a feeling that’s not something he strove to achieve. I think he just wanted to come back to his root. As a romantic lead, playing a British character in a British film, using his own accent and voice and all. .