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if-you-fan-a-fire · 2 years ago

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"Gunman Killed By Wounded Policeman," Vancouver Sun. May 19, 1933. Page 1 & 2. ---- BATTLE FOLLOWS DARING CLUB RAID --- 'HE GOT ME, KEEP AFTER HIM' === DEAD GANGSTER IDENTIFIED AS REGINALD MCRAE --- By W. G. McPHERSON The bandit who was fatally shot in a running gun-battle with Constable D. M. Richardson, Vancouver Police Depart ment, following a holdup of the Service Club, 680 Robson Street, Thursday night, was identified in the city morgue today as Reginald McRae, aged 20, of 2821 Adanae Street.

Identification was made by the dead man's father.

At the Vancouver General Hospital, while he was gasping out his life on the operating table, the dying bandit said his name was Joe Anthony of the Alberta Rooms, Vancouver, and that he came from Toronto.

Constable Richardson, who was wounded in the thigh by a bullet from the gun of McRae, alias Anthony, is reported to be resting easily at the hospital today. His condition is not considered serious.

McRae was hit four times by bullets from the officer's revolver.

The battle between the young gangster and Richardson followed less than five minutes after three men armed with revolvers held up Bert Henderson and William Walsh, stewards, and 20 patrons in the Service Club, Granville and Robson Streets.

Constables Richardson and William T. Veitch, in plainclothes in a police prowler ear, were driving north on Sey- mour Street when they spotted two suspicious young men at the earner of Robson Street.

Turning west into Robson Street, they saw a crowd gathered at the mouth of the lane half way to Granville Street.

As Veitch swerved the police car into the lane both officers saw a large quantity of shattered glass on the pavement. At the same time Richardson saw a man dash from the crowd and into a narrow passage between two buildings.

Richardson leaped out of the police car and followed the man through the passage east into Seymour Street. Veitch jumped out a second later and ran east on Robson Street with the intention of locating two suspicions characters he had seen at the corner. They had disappeared when he arrived there.

ROAR OF PISTOL SHOTS A moment later, Veitch heard revolver shots from betweentwo houses facing on Richards Street, almost a block away.

He turned and ran in that direction.

As he did so, the staccato bark of Richardson's police gun burst upon his ears. At this moment Veitch ran round the corner of a house at 837 Richards Street and encountered Richardson.

"He got me. Keep after him," panted Richardson to Veitch as he saw his brother officer approaching. "He crossed the street and ran between those houses."

Veitch saw a widening pool of blood on the ground. He followed the trail of blood across the street and in between two houses, stumbling down a flight of five stairs as he neared the rear of the building.

As he reached the lane, the officer saw a man lying on his stomach trying to drag himself into the shadow of a building. Veitch grabbed him and turned him over. It was Reginald McRae, blonde gunman, who a scant five minutes before had set out on the trail of easy money.

DIES IN HOSPITAL The dying McRae, with the man who had wounded him, was rushed to the General Hospital. Forty-five minutes later he was dead.

Examination of Richardson by medical attendants showed that the gangster's bullet had entered his thigh, narrowly missing the bone. His condition is reported not serious.

Richardson told his superiors that he had followed the man thinking that he might overtake him. As he entered the narrow passage between blocks, Richards Street, his quarry turned.

He saw the spurt of flame from the man's hand and felt the searing pain of the bullet as it entered his right thigh.

Richardson unlimbered his own gun and went into action. Before his assailant could restart his flight, four of Richardson's bullets had entered his stomach.

The wounded officer continued the chase to the front of the dwelling where he was overtaken by Veitch, who took up the pursuit.

Writhing in agony on the cot in the emergency ward at the General Hospital McRae faced his captors.

"What's your name" asked Deputy Chief Constable John Murdoch,

"Give me a drink," begged McRae.

"Tell me your name," persuaded Murdoch.

"Joe Anthony."

"Where do you come from?"

"Toronto," replied the dying gun-man.

"Where do you live in Vancouver?" demanded Murdoch.

"Give me a drink," Murdoch repeated his question, as hospital attendants washed McRae's wound and dressed the gaping holes in an effort to stop the bleeding life blood.

"At the Alberta Rooms," whispered Anthony through pain-contorted lips.

A few minutes later he died.

The Alberta Rooms are directly across Robson Street from the Service Club, which occupies the upstairs of a building on the southeast corner of the intersection.

STORY OF HOLD-UP Story of the hold-up which occupied only three minutes was told to police by Bert Henderson and William Walsh, who positively identified the dead McRae as one of the trio of armed gangsters who entered the club at 9:12 p.m.

As the three gunmen entered the door of the club, witnesses declared. they spread out fan-wise, covering the stewards and attendants with their weapons.

Walsh and Henderson were in the act of transferring the money from the cash register to a small cash box when the gangsters entered.

Menaced by three revolvers the stewards and guests obeyed the gunmen's command to walk to one corner of the room.

As they did so, one of the gun-men covered them with his revolver,while the second man reached into the open cash box and scooped up $265.

Meanwhile, McRae was walking about the club in search of any person who might be in a position to give the alarm.

As he approached the lavoratory he heard the crash of glass and a scream:

"Help, police!"

One of the club guests had been in the lavatory when the gunmen entered and had heard the command:

"Hands up!"

Without a moment's hesitation the man had smashed the glass and shouted for help. This was the glass seen on the pavement of the lane by Veitch and Richardson when they swung their car into the roadway.

Just then, the bandit with the money called to his pals and the three dashed down the stairs. Despite the large crowd attracted by the screams for help and the theatre crowds coming from playhouses, the men passed unnoticed down the street.

Two of them are believed by authorities to have walked to the corner of Seymour and Robson Streets, where they were seen by Richardson and Veitch, while McRae went into the lane and mingled with the crowd there.

McRAE'S FATAL HUNCH Some sixth sense must have told the gangster that the men in the car were police officers, although both constables were in civilian clothes at the time.

He bolted and ran, with Richardson close on his heels.

Only a few dollars were found in McRae's possession at the hospital, indicating that one of the other two gunmen still carried the loot.

The remarkable rapidity with which events leading up to McRae's death and Richardson's wounding are told in police reports.

At 9:12 pm. first information of the robbery reached the detectives office at police headquarters.

At 9:15 o'clock McRae fired the bullet that wounded Richardson and was to cost him his life. This information was flashed to police headquarters by a woman residing at 837 Richards Street.

At 9:17 o'clock the information that the bandit had been shot by Richardson and mortally wounded reached the detective office.

Deputy Murdoch and Inspector Donald Cameron, rushing to the scene of the shooting, narrowly escaped death when their automobile swerved at the high rate of speed and barely missed crashing through the parapet of Georgia Viaduct.

Immediately after the shooting police spread their dragnet far and wide. All police departments of the lower mainland and United States Border Patrol and immigration authorities were furnished a description of the wanted gunmen.

Meanwhile, McRae's body was removed to the city morgue where it was finger-printed in an attempt to establish further identification of the dead gunman.

GUNMAN PULLED THREE TIMES In a later statement to his superiors Richardson declared that the gunman twice pulled the trigger of his gun, but the cartridges failed to explode.

The third time the gangster pulled the trigger, Richardson was in the act of vaulting a fence when the cartridge exploded and the bullet tore into the policeman's thigh.

"If I hadn't been climbing the fence," Richardson declared, "that bullet would have killed me."

Searching the vicinity of the fight a short time later, police discovered the 38-calibre revolver on the lawn in front of 837 Richards Street.

The wounded officer is a brother of James Richardson, piper of the 16th Battalion, Canadian Scottish, Vancouver, who was awarded the Victoria Cross for piping his regiment over the top of the Somme in 1916. Piper Richardson was killed in action in the Somme.

#vancouver #service club #hold up men #fatal shooting #police shooting #shot to death #shoot out with police #armed with a revolver #armed robbery #armed robbers #great depression in canada #crime and punishment in canada #history of crime and punishment in canada #vancouver police

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floencepugh · 4 years ago

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SAOIRSE RONAN as CHRISTINE “LADY BIRD” MCPHERSON IN:

LADY BIRD (2017) dir. Greta Gerwig

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blackkudos · 5 years ago

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Colin Powell

Colin Luther Powell (born April 5, 1937) is an American politician and retired four-star general in the United States Army. During his military career, Powell also served as National Security Advisor (1987–1989), as Commander of the U.S. Army Forces Command (1989) and as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (1989–1993), holding the latter position during the Persian Gulf War. Powell was the first, and so far the only, Jamaican American to serve on the Joint Chiefs of Staff. He was the 65th United States Secretary of State, serving under U.S. President George W. Bush from 2001 to 2005, the first black person to serve in that position.

Powell was born in New York City in 1937 and was raised in the South Bronx. His parents, Luther and Maud Powell, immigrated to the United States from Jamaica. Powell was educated in the New York City public schools, graduating from the City College of New York (CCNY), where he earned a bachelor's degree in geology. He also participated in ROTC at CCNY and received a commission as an Army second lieutenant upon graduation in June 1958. His further academic achievements include a Master of Business Administration degree from George Washington University.

Powell was a professional soldier for 35 years, during which time he held many command and staff positions and rose to the rank of 4-star general. His last assignment, from October 1, 1989, to September 30, 1993, was as the 12th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest military position in the Department of Defense. During this time, he oversaw 28 crises, including Operation Desert Storm in the 1991 Persian Gulf War. He also formulated the Powell Doctrine.

Following his military retirement, Powell wrote his best-selling autobiography, My American Journey. In addition, he pursued a career as a public speaker, addressing audiences across the country and abroad. Prior to his appointment as Secretary of State, Powell was the chairman of America's Promise – The Alliance for Youth, a national nonprofit organization dedicated to mobilizing people from every sector of American life to build the character and competence of young people. He was nominated by President Bush on December 16, 2000, as Secretary of State. After being unanimously confirmed by the U.S. Senate, he was sworn in as the 65th Secretary of State on January 20, 2001.

Powell is the recipient of numerous U.S. and foreign military awards and decorations. Powell's civilian awards include the Presidential Medal of Freedom (twice), the President's Citizens Medal, the Congressional Gold Medal, the Secretary of State Distinguished Service Medal, and the Secretary of Energy Distinguished Service Medal. Several schools and other institutions have been named in his honor and he holds honorary degrees from universities and colleges across the country. Powell is married to the former Alma Vivian Johnson of Birmingham, Alabama. The Powell family includes son Michael (ex-chairman of the Federal Communications Commission); daughters Linda and Anne; daughter-in-law Jane; and grandsons Jeffrey and Bryan.

In 2016, while not a candidate for that year's election, Powell received three electoral votes for the office of President of the United States.

Early life and education

Powell was born on April 5, 1937, in Harlem, a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Manhattan, to Jamaican immigrants, Maud Arial (née McKoy) and Luther Theophilus Powell. His parents were both of mixed African and Scottish ancestry. Luther worked as a shipping clerk and Maud as a seamstress. Powell was raised in the South Bronx and attended Morris High School, from which he graduated in 1954. (This school has since closed.)

While at school, Powell worked at a local baby furniture store, where he picked up Yiddish from the eastern European Jewish shopkeepers and some of the customers. He also served as a Shabbos goy, helping Orthodox families with needed tasks on the Sabbath. He received a Bachelor of Science degree in Geology from the City College of New York in 1958 and has said he was a 'C average' student. He later earned an MBA degree from the George Washington University in 1971, after his second tour in Vietnam.

Despite his parents' pronunciation of his name as , Powell has pronounced his name since childhood, after the World War II flyer Colin P. Kelly Jr. Public officials and radio and television reporters have used Powell's preferred pronunciation.

Military career

Powell was a professional soldier for 35 years, holding a variety of command and staff positions and rising to the rank of general.

Training

Powell described joining the Reserve Officers' Training Corps (ROTC) during college as one of the happiest experiences of his life; discovering something he loved and could do well, he felt he had "found himself." According to Powell:

It was only once I was in college, about six months into college when I found something that I liked, and that was ROTC, Reserve Officer Training Corps in the military. And I not only liked it, but I was pretty good at it. That's what you really have to look for in life, something that you like, and something that you think you're pretty good at. And if you can put those two things together, then you're on the right track, and just drive on.

Cadet Powell joined the Pershing Rifles, the ROTC fraternal organization and drill team begun by General John Pershing. Even after he had become a general, Powell kept on his desk a pen set he had won for a drill team competition.

Upon graduation, he received a commission as an Army second lieutenant. After attending basic training at Fort Benning, Powell was assigned to the 48th Infantry, in West Germany, as a platoon leader.

Vietnam War

In his autobiography, Powell said he is haunted by the nightmare of the Vietnam War and felt that the leadership was very ineffective.

Captain Powell served a tour in Vietnam as a South Vietnamese Army (ARVN) advisor from 1962 to 1963. While on patrol in a Viet Cong-held area, he was wounded by stepping on a punji stake. The large infection made it difficult for him to walk, and caused his foot to swell for a short time, shortening his first tour.

Powell returned to Vietnam as a major in 1968, serving as assistant chief of staff of operations for the in the 23rd (Americal) Infantry Division. During the second tour in Vietnam he was decorated with the Soldier's Medal for bravery after he survived a helicopter crash and single-handedly rescued three others, including division commander Major General Charles M. Gettys, from the burning wreckage.

Powell was charged with investigating a detailed letter by 11th Light Infantry Brigade soldier Tom Glen, which backed up rumored allegations of the My Lai Massacre. He wrote: "In direct refutation of this portrayal is the fact that relations between American soldiers and the Vietnamese people are excellent." Later, Powell's assessment would be described as whitewashing the news of the massacre, and questions would continue to remain undisclosed to the public. In May 2004 Powell said to television and radio host Larry King, "I was in a unit that was responsible for My Lai. I got there after My Lai happened. So, in war, these sorts of horrible things happen every now and again, but they are still to be deplored."

After the Vietnam War

Powell served a White House Fellowship under President Richard Nixon from 1972 to 1973. During 1975–1976 he attended the National War College, Washington, D.C.

In his autobiography, My American Journey, Powell named several officers he served under who inspired and mentored him. As a lieutenant colonel serving in South Korea, Powell was very close to General Henry "Gunfighter" Emerson. Powell said he regarded Emerson as one of the most caring officers he ever met. Emerson insisted his troops train at night to fight a possible North Korean attack, and made them repeatedly watch the television film Brian's Song to promote racial harmony. Powell always professed that what set Emerson apart was his great love of his soldiers and concern for their welfare. After a race riot occurred, in which African American soldiers almost killed a White officer, Powell was charged by Emerson to crack down on black militants; Powell's efforts led to the discharge of one soldier, and other efforts to reduce racial tensions. During 1976–1977 he commanded the 2nd Brigade of the 101st Airborne Division.

A "political general"

In the early 1980s, Powell served at Fort Carson, Colorado. After he left Fort Carson, Powell became senior military assistant to Secretary of Defense Caspar Weinberger, whom he assisted during the 1983 invasion of Grenada and the 1986 airstrike on Libya.

In 1986, Powell took over the command of V Corps in Frankfurt, Germany, from Robert Lewis "Sam" Wetzel.

Following the Iran–Contra scandal, Powell became, at the age of 49, Ronald Reagan's National Security Advisor, serving from 1987 to 1989 while retaining his Army commission as a lieutenant general.

In April 1989, after his tenure with the National Security Council, Powell was promoted to four-star general under President George H. W. Bush and briefly served as the Commander in Chief, Forces Command (FORSCOM), headquartered at Fort McPherson, Georgia, overseeing all Army, Army Reserve, and National Guard units in the Continental U.S., Alaska, Hawaii, and Puerto Rico. He became the third general since World War II to reach four-star rank without ever serving as a division commander, joining Dwight D. Eisenhower and Alexander Haig.

Later that year, President George H. W. Bush selected him as Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff.

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff

Powell's last military assignment, from October 1, 1989, to September 30, 1993, was as the 12th Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, the highest military position in the Department of Defense. At age 52, he became the youngest officer, and first Afro-Caribbean American, to serve in this position. Powell was also the first JCS Chair who received his commission through ROTC.

During this time, he oversaw responses to 28 crises, including the invasion of Panama in 1989 to remove General Manuel Noriega from power and Operation Desert Storm in the 1991 Persian Gulf War. During these events, Powell earned his nickname, "the reluctant warrior." He rarely advocated military intervention as the first solution to an international crisis, and instead usually prescribed diplomacy and containment.

As a military strategist, Powell advocated an approach to military conflicts that maximizes the potential for success and minimizes casualties. A component of this approach is the use of overwhelming force, which he applied to Operation Desert Storm in 1991. His approach has been dubbed the "Powell Doctrine." Powell continued as chairman of the JCS into the Clinton presidency but as a dedicated "realist" he considered himself a bad fit for an administration largely made up of liberal internationalists. He clashed with then-U.S. ambassador to the United Nations Madeleine Albright over the Bosnian crisis, as he opposed any military interventions that didn't involve US interests.

During his chairmanship of the JCS, there was discussion of awarding Powell a fifth star, granting him the rank of General of the Army. But even in the wake of public and Congressional pressure to do so, Clinton-Gore presidential transition team staffers decided against it.

Dates of rankAwards and decorationsBadges

Potential presidential candidate

Powell's experience in military matters made him a very popular figure with both American political parties. Many Democrats admired his moderate stance on military matters, while many Republicans saw him as a great asset associated with the successes of past Republican administrations. Put forth as a potential Democratic Vice Presidential nominee in the 1992 U.S. presidential election or even potentially replacing Vice President Dan Quayle as the Republican Vice Presidential nominee, Powell eventually declared himself a Republican and began to campaign for Republican candidates in 1995. He was touted as a possible opponent of Bill Clinton in the 1996 U.S. presidential election, possibly capitalizing on a split conservative vote in Iowa and even leading New Hampshire polls for the GOP nomination, but Powell declined, citing a lack of passion for politics. Powell defeated Clinton 50–38 in a hypothetical match-up proposed to voters in the exit polls conducted on Election Day. Despite not standing in the race, Powell won the Republican New Hampshire Vice-Presidential primary on write-in votes.

In 1997 Powell founded America's Promise with the objective of helping children from all socioeconomic sectors. That same year saw the establishment of The Colin L. Powell Center for Leadership and Service. The mission of the Center is to "prepare new generations of publicly engaged leaders from populations previously underrepresented in public service and policy circles, to build a strong culture of civic engagement at City College, and to mobilize campus resources to meet pressing community needs and serve the public good."

Powell was mentioned as a potential candidate in the 2000 U.S. presidential election, but again decided against running. Once Texas Governor George W. Bush secured the Republican nomination, Powell endorsed him for president and spoke at the 2000 Republican National Convention. Bush won the general election and appointed Powell as Secretary of State.

In the electoral college vote count of 2016, Powell received three votes for President from faithless electors from Washington.

Secretary of State (2001–2005)

As Secretary of State in the Bush administration, Powell was perceived as moderate. Powell was unanimously confirmed by the United States Senate. Over the course of his tenure he traveled less than any other U.S. Secretary of State in 30 years.

On September 11, 2001, Powell was in Lima, Peru, meeting with President Alejandro Toledo and US Ambassador John Hamilton, and attending the special session of the OAS General Assembly that subsequently adopted the Inter-American Democratic Charter. After the September 11 attacks, Powell's job became of critical importance in managing America's relationships with foreign countries in order to secure a stable coalition in the War on Terrorism.

Powell came under fire for his role in building the case for the 2003 Invasion of Iraq. In a press statement on February 24, 2001, he had said that sanctions against Iraq had prevented the development of any weapons of mass destruction by Saddam Hussein. As was the case in the days leading up to the Persian Gulf War, Powell was initially opposed to a forcible overthrow of Saddam, preferring to continue a policy of containment. However, Powell eventually agreed to go along with the Bush administration's determination to remove Saddam. He had often clashed with others in the administration, who were reportedly planning an Iraq invasion even before the September 11 attacks, an insight supported by testimony by former terrorism czar Richard Clarke in front of the 9/11 Commission. The main concession Powell wanted before he would offer his full support for the Iraq War was the involvement of the international community in the invasion, as opposed to a unilateral approach. He was also successful in persuading Bush to take the case of Iraq to the United Nations, and in moderating other initiatives. Powell was placed at the forefront of this diplomatic campaign.

Powell's chief role was to garner international support for a multi-national coalition to mount the invasion. To this end, Powell addressed a plenary session of the United Nations Security Council on February 5, 2003, to argue in favor of military action. Citing numerous anonymous Iraqi defectors, Powell asserted that "there can be no doubt that Saddam Hussein has biological weapons and the capability to rapidly produce more, many more." Powell also stated that there was "no doubt in my mind" that Saddam was working to obtain key components to produce nuclear weapons.

Most observers praised Powell's oratorical skills. However, Britain's Channel 4 News reported soon afterwards that a UK intelligence dossier that Powell had referred to as a "fine paper" during his presentation had been based on old material and plagiarized an essay by American graduate student Ibrahim al-Marashi.A 2004 report by the Iraq Survey Group concluded that the evidence that Powell offered to support the allegation that the Iraqi government possessed weapons of mass destruction (WMDs) was inaccurate.

In an interview with Charlie Rose, Powell contended that prior to his UN presentation, he had merely four days to review the data concerning WMD in Iraq.

A Senate report on intelligence failures would later detail the intense debate that went on behind the scenes on what to include in Powell's speech. State Department analysts had found dozens of factual problems in drafts of the speech. Some of the claims were taken out, but others were left in, such as claims based on the yellowcake forgery. The administration came under fire for having acted on faulty intelligence, particularly what was single-sourced to the informant known as Curveball. Powell later recounted how Vice President Dick Cheney had joked with him before he gave the speech, telling him, "You've got high poll ratings; you can afford to lose a few points." Powell's longtime aide-de-camp and Chief of Staff from 1989–2003, Colonel Lawrence Wilkerson, later characterized Cheney's view of Powell's mission as to "go up there and sell it, and we'll have moved forward a peg or two. Fall on your damn sword and kill yourself, and I'll be happy, too."

In September 2005, Powell was asked about the speech during an interview with Barbara Walters and responded that it was a "blot" on his record. He went on to say, "It will always be a part of my record. It was painful. It's painful now."

Wilkerson said that he inadvertently participated in a hoax on the American people in preparing Powell's erroneous testimony before the United Nations Security Council.

Because Powell was seen as more moderate than most figures in the administration, he was spared many of the attacks that have been leveled at more controversial advocates of the invasion, such as Donald Rumsfeld and Paul Wolfowitz. At times, infighting among the Powell-led State Department, the Rumsfeld-led Defense Department, and Cheney's office had the effect of polarizing the administration on crucial issues, such as what actions to take regarding Iran and North Korea.

After Saddam Hussein had been deposed, Powell's new role was to once again establish a working international coalition, this time to assist in the rebuilding of post-war Iraq. On September 13, 2004, Powell testified before the Senate Governmental Affairs Committee, acknowledging that the sources who provided much of the information in his February 2003 UN presentation were "wrong" and that it was "unlikely" that any stockpiles of WMDs would be found. Claiming that he was unaware that some intelligence officials questioned the information prior to his presentation, Powell pushed for reform in the intelligence community, including the creation of a national intelligence director who would assure that "what one person knew, everyone else knew."

Additionally, Powell has been critical of other aspects of U.S. foreign policy in the past, such as its support for the 1973 Chilean coup d'état. From two separate interviews in 2003, Powell stated in one about the 1973 event "I can't justify or explain the actions and decisions that were made at that time. It was a different time. There was a great deal of concern about communism in this part of the world. Communism was a threat to the democracies in this part of the world. It was a threat to the United States." In another interview, however, he also simply stated "With respect to your earlier comment about Chile in the 1970s and what happened with Mr. Allende, it is not a part of American history that we're proud of."

Powell announced his resignation as Secretary of State on November 15, 2004. According to The Washington Post, he had been asked to resign by the president's chief of staff, Andrew Card. Powell announced that he would stay on until the end of Bush's first term or until his replacement's confirmation by Congress. The following day, Bush nominated National Security Advisor Condoleezza Rice as Powell's successor. News of Powell's leaving the Administration spurred mixed reactions from politicians around the world — some upset at the loss of a statesman seen as a moderating factor within the Bush administration, but others hoping for Powell's successor to wield more influence within the cabinet.

In mid-November, Powell stated that he had seen new evidence suggesting that Iran was adapting missiles for a nuclear delivery system. The accusation came at the same time as the settlement of an agreement between Iran, the IAEA, and the European Union.

On December 31, 2004, Powell rang in the New Year by pressing a button in Times Square with New York City Mayor Michael Bloomberg to initiate the ball drop and 60 second countdown, ushering in the year 2005. He appeared on the networks that were broadcasting New Year's Eve specials and talked about this honor, as well as being a native of New York City.

Life after diplomatic service

After retiring from the role of Secretary of State, Powell returned to private life. In April 2005, he was privately telephoned by Republican senators Lincoln Chafee and Chuck Hagel, at which time Powell expressed reservations and mixed reviews about the nomination of John R. Bolton as ambassador to the United Nations, but refrained from advising the senators to oppose Bolton (Powell had clashed with Bolton during Bush's first term). The decision was viewed as potentially dealing significant damage to Bolton's chances of confirmation. Bolton was put into the position via a recess appointment because of the strong opposition in the Senate.

On April 28, 2005, an opinion piece in The Guardian by Sidney Blumenthal (a former top aide to President Bill Clinton) claimed that Powell was in fact "conducting a campaign" against Bolton because of the acrimonious battles they had had while working together, which among other things had resulted in Powell cutting Bolton out of talks with Iran and Libya after complaints about Bolton's involvement from the British. Blumenthal added that "The foreign relations committee has discovered that Bolton made a highly unusual request and gained access to 10 intercepts by the National Security Agency. Staff members on the committee believe that Bolton was probably spying on Powell, his senior advisors and other officials reporting to him on diplomatic initiatives that Bolton opposed."

In July 2005, Powell joined Kleiner, Perkins, Caufield & Byers, a well-known Silicon Valley venture capital firm, with the title of "strategic limited partner."

In September 2005, Powell criticized the response to Hurricane Katrina. Powell said that thousands of people were not properly protected, but because they were poor rather than because they were black.

On January 5, 2006, he participated in a meeting at the White House of former Secretaries of Defense and State to discuss United States foreign policy with Bush administration officials. In September 2006, Powell sided with more moderate Senate Republicans in supporting more rights for detainees and opposing President Bush's terrorism bill. He backed Senators John Warner, John McCain and Lindsey Graham in their statement that U.S. military and intelligence personnel in future wars will suffer for abuses committed in 2006 by the U.S. in the name of fighting terrorism. Powell stated that "The world is beginning to doubt the moral basis of [America's] fight against terrorism."

Also in 2006, Powell began appearing as a speaker at a series of motivational events called Get Motivated, along with former New York Mayor Rudy Giuliani. In his speeches for the tour, he openly criticized the Bush Administration on a number of issues. Powell has been the recipient of mild criticism for his role with Get Motivated which has been called a "get-rich-quick-without-much-effort, feel-good schemology."

In 2007 he joined the board of directors of Steve Case's new company Revolution Health. Powell also serves on the Council on Foreign Relations Board of directors.

Powell, in honor of Martin Luther King Day, dropped the ceremonial first puck at a New York Islanders ice hockey game at Nassau Coliseum on January 21, 2008. On November 11, 2008, Powell again dropped the puck in recognition of Military Appreciation Day and Veterans Day.

Recently, Powell has encouraged young people to continue to use new technologies to their advantage in the future. In a speech at the Center for Strategic and International Studies to a room of young professionals, he said, "That's your generation...a generation that is hard-wired digital, a generation that understands the power of the information revolution and how it is transforming the world. A generation that you represent, and you're coming together to share; to debate; to decide; to connect with each other." At this event, he encouraged the next generation to involve themselves politically on the upcoming Next America Project, which uses online debate to provide policy recommendations for the upcoming administration.

In 2008, Powell served as a spokesperson for National Mentoring Month, a campaign held each January to recruit volunteer mentors for at-risk youth.

Soon after Barack Obama's 2008 election, Powell began being mentioned as a possible cabinet member. He was not nominated.

In September 2009, Powell advised President Obama against surging US forces in Afghanistan. The president announced the surge the following December.

On March 14, 2014, Salesforce.com announced that Powell had joined its board of directors.

Political views

A liberal Republican, Powell is well known for his willingness to support liberal or centrist causes. He is pro-choice regarding abortion, and in favor of "reasonable" gun control. He stated in his autobiography that he supports affirmative action that levels the playing field, without giving a leg up to undeserving persons because of racial issues. Powell was also instrumental in the 1993 implementation of the military's don't ask, don't tell policy, though he later supported its repeal as proposed by Robert Gates and Admiral Mike Mullen in January 2010, saying "circumstances had changed."

The Vietnam War had a profound effect on Powell's views of the proper use of military force. These views are described in detail in the autobiography My American Journey. The Powell Doctrine, as the views became known, was a central component of U.S. policy in the Persian Gulf War (the first U.S. war in Iraq) and U.S. invasion of Afghanistan (the overthrow of the Taliban regime in Afghanistan following the September 11 attacks). The hallmark of both operations was strong international cooperation, and the use of overwhelming military force.

Powell was the subject of controversy in 2004 when, in a conversation with British Foreign Secretary Jack Straw, he reportedly referred to neoconservatives within the Bush administration as "fucking crazies." In addition to being reported in the press (although the expletive was generally censored in the U.S. press), the quotation was used by James Naughtie in his book, The Accidental American: Tony Blair and the Presidency, and by Chris Patten in his book, Cousins and Strangers: America, Britain, and Europe in a New Century.

In a September 2006 letter to Sen. John McCain, General Powell expressed opposition to President Bush's push for military tribunals of those formerly and currently classified as enemy combatants. Specifically, he objected to the effort in Congress to "redefine Common Article 3 of the Geneva Convention." He also asserted: "The world is beginning to doubt the moral basis of our fight against terrorism."

Powell endorsed President Obama in 2008 and again in 2012. When asked why he is still a Republican on Meet the Press he said, "I'm still a Republican. And I think the Republican Party needs me more than the Democratic Party needs me. And you can be a Republican and still feel strongly about issues such as immigration, and improving our education system, and doing something about some of the social problems that exist in our society and our country. I don't think there's anything inconsistent with this."

While Powell was wary of a military solution, he supported the decision to invade Iraq after the Bush administration concluded that diplomatic efforts had failed. After his departure from the State Department, Powell repeatedly emphasized his continued support for American involvement in the Iraq War.

At the 2007 Aspen Ideas Festival in Colorado, Powell revealed that he had spent two and a half hours explaining to President Bush "the consequences of going into an Arab country and becoming the occupiers." During this discussion, he insisted that the U.S. appeal to the United Nations first, but if diplomacy failed, he would support the invasion: "I also had to say to him that you are the President, you will have to make the ultimate judgment, and if the judgment is this isn't working and we don't think it is going to solve the problem, then if military action is undertaken I'm with you, I support you."

In a 2008 interview on CNN, Powell reiterated his support for the 2003 decision to invade Iraq in the context of his endorsement of Barack Obama, stating: "My role has been very, very straightforward. I wanted to avoid a war. The president [Bush] agreed with me. We tried to do that. We couldn't get it through the U.N. and when the president made the decision, I supported that decision. And I've never blinked from that. I've never said I didn't support a decision to go to war."

Powell's position on the Iraq War troop surge of 2007 has been less consistent. In December 2006, he expressed skepticism that the strategy would work and whether the U.S. military had enough troops to carry it out successfully. He stated: "I am not persuaded that another surge of troops into Baghdad for the purposes of suppressing this communitarian violence, this civil war, will work." Following his endorsement of Barack Obama in October 2008, however, Powell praised General David Petraeus and U.S. troops, as well as the Iraqi government, concluding that "it's starting to turn around." By mid-2009, he had concluded a surge of U.S. forces in Iraq should have come sooner, perhaps in late 2003. Throughout this period, Powell consistently argued that Iraqi political progress was essential, not just military force.

Powell donated the maximum allowable amount to John McCain's campaign in the summer of 2007 and in early 2008, his name was listed as a possible running mate for Republican nominee McCain's bid during the 2008 U.S. presidential election. However, on October 19, 2008, Powell announced his endorsement of Barack Obama during a Meet the Press interview, citing "his ability to inspire, because of the inclusive nature of his campaign, because he is reaching out all across America, because of who he is and his rhetorical abilities", in addition to his "style and substance." He additionally referred to Obama as a "transformational figure." Powell further questioned McCain's judgment in appointing Sarah Palin as the vice presidential candidate, stating that despite the fact that she is admired, "now that we have had a chance to watch her for some seven weeks, I don't believe she's ready to be president of the United States, which is the job of the vice president." He said that Obama's choice for vice-president, Joe Biden, was ready to be president. He also added that he was "troubled" by the "false intimations that Obama was Muslim." Powell stated that "[Obama] is a Christian—he's always been a Christian... But the really right answer is, what if he is? Is there something wrong with being a Muslim in this country? The answer's no, that's not America." Powell then mentioned Kareem Rashad Sultan Khan, a Muslim American soldier in the U.S. Army who served and died in the Iraq War. He later stated, "Over the last seven weeks, the approach of the Republican Party has become narrower and narrower [...] I look at these kind of approaches to the campaign, and they trouble me." Powell concluded his Sunday morning talk show comments, "It isn't easy for me to disappoint Sen. McCain in the way that I have this morning, and I regret that [...] I think we need a transformational figure. I think we need a president who is a generational change and that's why I'm supporting Barack Obama, not out of any lack of respect or admiration for Sen. John McCain." Later in a December 12, 2008, CNN interview with Fareed Zakaria, Powell reiterated his belief that during the last few months of the campaign, Palin pushed the Republican party further to the right and had a polarizing impact on it.

In a July 2009 CNN interview with John King, Powell expressed concern over President Obama growing the size of the federal government and the size of the federal budget deficit. In September 2010, he criticized the Obama administration for not focusing "like a razor blade" on the economy and job creation. Powell reiterated that Obama was a "transformational figure." In a video that aired on CNN.com in November 2011, Colin Powell said in reference to Barack Obama, "many of his decisions have been quite sound. The financial system was put back on a stable basis."

On October 25, 2012, 12 days before the presidential election, he gave his endorsement to President Obama for re-election during a broadcast of CBS This Morning. He cited success and forward progress in foreign and domestic policy arenas under the Obama Administration, and made the following statement: "I voted for him in 2008 and I plan to stick with him in 2012 and I'll be voting for he [sic] and for Vice President Joe Biden next month."

As additional reason for his endorsement, Powell cited the changing positions and perceived lack of thoughtfulness of Mitt Romney on foreign affairs, and a concern for the validity of Romney's economic plans.

In an interview with ABC's Diane Sawyer and George Stephanopoulos during ABC's coverage of President Obama's second inauguration, Powell criticized members of the Republican Party who "demonize[d] the president." He called on GOP leaders to publicly denounce such talk.

Powell has been very vocal on the state of the Republican party. Speaking at a Washington Ideas forum in early October 2015, he warned the audience that the Republican party had begun a move to the fringe right, lessening the chances of a Republican White House in the future. He also remarked on Republican presidential contender Donald Trump's statements regarding immigrants, noting that there were many immigrants working in Trump hotels.

In March 2016, Powell denounced the "nastiness" of the 2016 Republican primaries during an interview on CBS This Morning. He compared the race to reality television, and stated that the campaign had gone "into the mud."

In August 2016, Powell accused the Clinton campaign of trying to pin Democratic presidential nominee Hillary Clinton's email controversy on him. Speaking to People magazine, Powell said, "The truth is, she was using [the private email server] for a year before I sent her a memo telling her what I did."

On September 13, 2016, emails were obtained that revealed Powell's private communications regarding both Donald Trump and Hillary Clinton. Powell privately reiterated his comments regarding Clinton's email scandal, writing, "I have told Hillary's minions repeatedly that they are making a mistake trying to drag me in, yet they still try," and complaining that "Hillary's mafia keeps trying to suck me into it" in another email. In another email discussing Clinton's controversy, Powell noted that she should have told everyone what she did "two years ago", and said that she has not "been covering herself with glory." Writing on the 2012 Benghazi attack controversy surrounding Clinton, Powell said to then U.S. Ambassador Susan Rice, "Benghazi is a stupid witch hunt." Commenting on Clinton in a general sense, Powell mused that "Everything [Clinton] touches she kind of screws up with hubris", and in another email stated "I would rather not have to vote for her, although she is a friend I respect."

Powell referred to Donald Trump as a "national disgrace", with "no sense of shame." He wrote of Trump's role in the birther movement, which he referred to as "racist." Powell suggested that the media ignore Trump, saying, "To go on and call him an idiot just emboldens him." The emails were obtained by the media as the result of a hack.

Powell endorsed Clinton on October 25, 2016, stating it was "because I think she's qualified, and the other gentleman is not qualified."

Despite not running in the election, Powell received three electoral votes for president from faithless electors in Washington who had pledged to vote for Clinton, coming in third overall. After Barack Obama, Powell was only the second Black person to receive electoral votes in a presidential election. He was also the first Republican since 1984 to receive electoral votes from Washington in a presidential election, as well as the first Republican Black person to do so.

In an interview in October 2019, Powell warned that the GOP needed to “get a grip" and put the country before their party, standing up to President Trump rather than worrying about political fallout. “When they see things that are not right, they need to say something about it because our foreign policy is in shambles right now, in my humble judgment, and I see things happening that are hard to understand,” Powell said.

Personal life

Powell married Alma Johnson on August 25, 1962. Their son, Michael Powell, was the chairman of the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) from 2001 to 2005. His daughters are Linda Powell, an actress, and Annemarie Powell. As a hobby, Powell restores old Volvo and Saab cars. In 2013, he faced questions about a relationship with a Romanian diplomat, after a hacked AOL email account had been made public. He acknowledged a "very personal" email relationship but denied further involvement.

Civilian awards and honors

Powell's civilian awards include two Presidential Medals of Freedom (the second with distinction), the President's Citizens Medal, the Congressional Gold Medal, the Secretary of State Distinguished Service Medal, the Secretary of Energy Distinguished Service Medal, and the Ronald Reagan Freedom Award. Several schools and other institutions have been named in his honor and he holds honorary degrees from universities and colleges across the country.

In 1988, Powell received the Academy of Achievement's Golden Plate Award.

In 1990, Powell received the U.S. Senator John Heinz Award for Greatest Public Service by an Elected or Appointed Official, an award given out annually by Jefferson Awards.

In 1991, Powell was awarded the Presidential Medal of Freedom by President George H. W. Bush.

In 1991, Powell was awarded the Spingarn Medal from the NAACP.

In 1991, Powell was inducted into the Horatio Alger Association of Distinguished Americans, which "honors the achievements of outstanding individuals in U.S. society who have succeeded in spite of adversity and of encouraging young people to pursue their dreams through higher education."

On April 23, 1991, Powell was awarded the Congressional Gold Medal "in recognition of his exemplary performance as a military leader and advisor to the President in planning and coordinating the military response of the United States to the Iraqi invasion of Kuwait and the ultimate retreat and defeat of Iraqi forces and Iraqi acceptance of all United Nations Resolutions relating to Kuwait."

On September 30, 1993, Powell was awarded his second Presidential Medal of Freedom with distinction by President Bill Clinton.

On November 9, 1993, Powell was awarded the second Ronald Reagan Freedom Award, by President Ronald Reagan. Powell served as Reagan's National Security Advisor from 1987–1989.

On December 15, 1993, Colin Powell was created an honorary Knight Commander of the Order of the Bath by Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.

In 1998, he was awarded the prestigious Sylvanus Thayer Award by the United States Military Academy for his commitment to the ideals of "Duty, Honor, Country."

The 2002 Liberty Medal was awarded to Colin Powell on July 4 in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania. In his acceptance speech, Powell reminded Americans that "It is for America, the Land of the Free and the Home of the Brave, to help freedom ring across the globe, unto all the peoples thereof. That is our solemn obligation, and we will not fail."

The coat of arms of Colin Powell was granted by the Lord Lyon in Edinburgh on February 4, 2004. Technically the grant was to Powell's father (a British subject) to be passed on by descent. Scotland's King of Arms is traditionally responsible for granting arms to Commonwealth citizens of Scottish descent. Blazoned as

Azure, two swords in saltire points downwards between four mullets Argent, on a chief of the Second a lion passant Gules. On a wreath of the Liveries is set for Crest the head of an American bald-headed eagle erased Proper. And in an escrol over the same this motto, "DEVOTED TO PUBLIC SERVICE."

The swords and stars refer to the former general's career, as does the crest, which is the badge of the 101st Airborne (which he served as a brigade commander in the mid-1970s). The lion may be an allusion to Scotland. The shield can be shown surrounded by the insignia of an honorary Knight Commander of the Most Honorable Order of the Bath (KCB), an award the General received after the first Gulf War.

In 2005 Powell received the Bishop John T. Walker Distinguished Humanitarian Service Award for his contributions to Africa.

AARP honored Powell with the 2006 AARP Andrus Award, the Association's highest honor. This award, named in honor of AARP's founder, Dr. Ethel Percy Andrus, is presented biennially to distinguished individuals who have generated positive social change in the world, and whose work and achievements reflect AARP's vision of bringing lifetimes of experience and leadership to serve all generations.

In 2005 Colin and Alma Powell were awarded the Woodrow Wilson Award for Public Service by the Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars of the Smithsonian Institution.

Colin Powell was initiated as an honorary brother in Sigma Phi Epsilon.

Powell is a recipient of the Silver Buffalo Award, the highest adult award given by the Boy Scouts of America.

A street in Gelnhausen, Germany was named after him: "General-Colin-Powell-Straße."

In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante listed Colin Powell on his list of 100 Greatest Blacks in America.

In 2009, an elementary school named for Colin Powell opened in El Paso. It is in the El Paso Independent School District, located on Fort Bliss property, and serves a portion of Fort Bliss. There is also a street in El Paso named for Powell, Colin Powell Drive.

Powell is an Honorary Board Member of the humanitarian organization Wings of Hope

Since 2006, he is the chairman of the Board of Trustees for Eisenhower Fellowships

In 2006, The Harry S. Truman Research Institute for the Advancement of Peace at The Hebrew University of Jerusalem awarded Colin Powell with the Truman Peace Prize for his efforts to conduct the "war against terrorism", through diplomatic as well as military means, and to avert regional and civil conflicts in many parts of the world.

In September 2012 Union City, New Jersey opened Colin Powell Elementary School, which was named after Powell, and dedicated the school on February 7, 2013, with governor Chris Christie in attendance. Powell himself visited the school on June 4, 2013.

In 2014, Colin Powell was named to the National Board of Advisors for High Point University.

#04/05

5 notes · View notes

hicanlatamadim · 5 years ago

Note

mesaj attım ama cevap vermedin dostum. PCR ve qPCR teknikleriyle alakalı kaynak olarak yardımcı olabilir misin?

mendeley kullanıyor musun bilmiyorum ama ben APA şeklinde buraya atayım kaynakları sen seç beğen al dostum.

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Lawyer, F. C., Stoffel, S., Saiki, R. K., Chang, S. Y., Landre, P. A., Abramson, R. D., & Gelfand, D. H. (1993). High-level expression, purification, and enzymatic characterization of full-length Thermus aquaticus DNA polymerase and a truncated form deficient in 5′ to 3′ exonuclease activity. Genome Research, 2(4), 275–287. https://doi.org/10.1101/gr.2.4.275

Pombert, J. F., Sistek, V., Boissinot, M., & Frenette, M. (2009). Evolutionary relationships among salivarius streptococci as inferred from multilocus phylogenies based on 16S rRNA-encoding, recA, secA, and secY gene sequences. BMC Microbiology, 9, 232. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2180-9-232

Chien, A., Edgar, D. B., & Trela, J. M. (1976). Deoxyribonucleic acid polymerase from the extreme thermophile Thermus aquaticus. Journal of Bacteriology, 127(3), 1550–1557. https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.127.3.1550-1557.1976

Sharkey, D. J., Scalice, E. R., Christy, K. G., Atwood, S. M., & Daiss, J. L. (1994). Antibodies as thermolabile switches: High temperature triggering for the polymerase chain reaction. Bio/Technology, 12(5), 506–509. https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0594-506

Carr, A. C., & Moore, S. D. (2012). Robust quantification of polymerase chain reactions using global fitting. PLoS ONE, 7(5), e37640. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0037640

Rhizobium, G. E. (2013). Complete Genome Sequence of the Sesbania Symbiont and Rice. Nucleic Acids Research, 1(1256879), 13–14. https://doi.org/10.1093/nar

Pavlov, A. R., Pavlova, N. V., Kozyavkin, S. A., & Slesarev, A. I. (2004). Recent developments in the optimization of thermostable DNA polymerases for efficient applications. In Trends in Biotechnology (Vol. 22, Issue 5, pp. 253–260). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tibtech.2004.02.011

Determining Annealing Temperatures for Polymerase Chain Reaction. (2012). The American Biology Teacher, 74(4), 256–260. https://doi.org/10.1525/abt.2012.74.4.9

Cheng, S., Fockler, C., Barnes, W. M., & Higuchi, R. (1994). Effective amplification of long targets from cloned inserts and human genomic DNA. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91(12), 5695–5699. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.91.12.5695

Saiki, R., Gelfand, D., Stoffel, S., Scharf, S., Higuchi, R., Horn, G., Mullis, K., & Erlich, H. (1988). Primer-directed enzymatic amplification of DNA with a thermostable DNA polymerase. Science, 239(4839), 487–491. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.239.4839.487

Saiki, R. K., Scharf, S., Faloona, F., Mullis, K. B., Horn, G. T., Erlich, H. A., & Arnheim, N. (1985). Enzymatic amplification of β-globin genomic sequences and restriction site analysis for diagnosis of sickle cell anemia. Science, 230(4732), 1350–1354. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.2999980

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mightystargazer · 5 years ago

Text

Another year gone, another readinglist done!

W. Michael Gear Outpost

W. Michael Gear Abandoned

Angela Carter The Bloody Chamber

Sue Burke Semiosis

Rob Dircks Don't Touch the Blue Stuff!

Laurie Forest the iron flower

Joseph Nassise urban Enemies: a collection

Ezekiel Boone The Mansion

Richtel, Matt Dead on Arrival

Wilkie Martin Inspector Hobbes and the Blood

Wilkie Martin Inspector Hobbes and The Curse

Wilkie Martin Inspector Hobbes & The Gold Digger

Wilkie Martin Inspector Hobbes and The Bones

A. American Home Coming

Adam J. Wright Lost Soul

Adam J. Wright Buried Memory

Adam J. Wright Dark Magic

Adam J. Wright Dead Ground

Adam J. Wright Shadow Land

Robert Bevan Critical Failures VI

Darynda Jones Grave on the Right

Darynda Jones Grave on the Left

Darynda Jones Third Grave Dead Ahead

Darynda Jones Grave Beneath My Feet

Darynda Jones Grave Past the Light

Darynda Jones Grave on the Edge

Darynda Jones Grave and No Body

Darynda Jones Grave After Dark

Darynda Jones Brighter Than the Sun

Darynda Jones Dirt on Ninth Grave

Darynda Jones The Curse of Tenth Grave

Darynda Jones Eleventh Grave in Moonlight

Dan Simmons The Terror

Warren Fahy Fragment

Tim McBain The Scattered and the Dead

Scott Thomas Kill Creek

Kurt Anderson Resurrection Pass

Larry Correia Son of the Black Sword

Larry Correia House of Assassins

Chuck Wendig Blackbird

Chuck Wendig Mockingbird

Chuck Wendig The Cormerant

Chuck Wendig Thunderbird

Karen Thompson Walker The Dreamers

Hank Green An Absolutely Remarkable Thing

C.T. Phipps The Tournament of Supervillainy 5

Peter Clines 14

Peter Clines The Fold

Peter Clines Dead Moon

Sean Schubert Infection

Sean Schubert Containment

Sean Schubert Mitigation

Sean Schubert Resolution

James Marshall Smith Hybrid

Mark Tufo Demon Wars

Alan Dean Foster Interlopers

Anthony Melchiorri The Tide

Anthony Melchiorri Breakwater

Anthony Melchiorri Salvage

Anthony Melchiorri Deadrise

Anthony Melchiorri Iron Wind

Anthony Melchiorri Dead Ashore

Anthony Melchiorri Ghost Fleet

Anthony Melchiorri Devil to Pay

Scott Medbury Heel Week

Scott Medbury On The Run

Scott Medbury Cold Comfort

Scott Medbury Rude Shock

Terry Pratchett/Neil Gaiman Good omens

Barry J. Hutchison The Sidekicks Initiative

Catherynne M. Valente The Refrigerator Monologues

Ike Hamill Super Apex

J.H. Moncrieff Monsters in Our Wake

John Connolly The Underbury Witches

Jonathan Maberry Dead of Night

Lydia Kang Quackery

Tomi Adeyemi Children of Blood and Bone

Thomas Morris The Mystery of the Exploding Teeth

John A.Keel The Complete Guide To Mysterious Beings

Ted Dekker ADAM

Richard K. Morgan Altered Carbon

Ransom Riggs A Map of Days

Kevin Hearne Death & Honey

Benjamin Wallace Boom box 1

Benjamin Wallace Boom box 2

Benjamin Wallace Boom box 3

Benjamin Wallace Revenge of the Apocalypse

Victor LaValle The Changeling

Rick Chesler Sawfish

Nathan Barnes The Reaper Virus

Michael brent Collings The Deep

Bill Heavey If You Didn't Bring Jerky, What Did I Just Eat

Bill Heavey It's Only Slow Food Until You Try to Eat It

Bill Heavey Should the Tent Be Burning Like That

Jenny Lawson Let's Pretend This Never Happened

Mark Tufo The Spirit Clearing

Ambrose Ibsen Asylum

Ambrose Ibsen Forest

Ambrose Ibsen The Occupant

Stephen King The Man in the Black Suit

Sam Sykes The City Stained Red

Peter Meredith The Queen Unthroned

Peter Meredith The Queen Enslaved

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Extinction Red Line

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Extinction Horizon

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Extinction Edge

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Extinction Age

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Extinction Evolution

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Extinction End

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Extinction Aftermath

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Extinction Lost

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Extinction War

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Missions from the Extinction Cycle

Drew Hayes Super Powereds Year 4

Dean Koontz Odd Thomas

Patrick F McManus Kerplunk! Stories

Mark Wayne McGinnis The Simpleton

Mark Wayne McGinnis The Simpleton Quest

John Connolly A Book of Bones

Drew Hayes Corpies

Nathan Ballingrud Wounds

Michael Todd Torn Asunder

Michael Todd Killing Is My Business

Michael Todd And Business Is Good

Marty Ross The Darkwater Bride

Richard Porter Top Gear Epic Failures 50 Great Motoring Cock-Ups

Parker Peevyhouse The Echo Room

P. K. Hawkins Shark Infested Waters

M. R. James The Conception of Terror Tales

Broad Reach Publishing I, Zombie

Bobby Hall Supermarket

Terry Pratchett Night Watch

Patrick F McManus Never Sniff a Gift Fish

Michael Talbot The Bog

Michael Edelson Seed

Matthew Scott Hansen The Shadowkiller

Jonathan Maberry Ghost Road Blues

Jonathan Maberry Dead Man's Song

Jonathan Maberry Bad Moon Rising

Jonathan Maberry Property Condemned

Jonathan Maberry Darkness on the Edge of Town

Chris Angus Flypaper

Dean Koontz The Night Window

John P. Logsdon Platoon F Big Ass Bundle

Robert Tomoguchi The Scribbled Victims

Richard MacLean Smith Unexplained

Mark Edwards The Retreat

Dennis E. Taylor Outland

Bobby Adair Freedom's Siege

Bobby Adair Freedom's Fire

Bobby Adair Freedom's Fury

Bobby Adair Freedom's Fray

Bobby Adair Freedom's Fist

Bobby Adair Freedom's Fall

Bobby Adair Freedom's Fate

William Gibson Alien III

Terry Brooks Running with the Demon

Steven Campbell Hard Luck Hank

Neal Stephenson Reamde

Neal Stephenson Fall, or Dodge in Hell

J.F. Holmes Irregular Scout Team One

Michael Stephen Fuchs Odyssey

Kameron Hurley The Light Brigade

TTC History of Ancient Egypt

Justin Cronin The Passage

Justin Cronin The Twelve

Justin Cronin The City of Mirrors

J.N. Chaney Orion Colony

J.N. Chaney Orion Uncharted

J.N. Chaney Orion Awakened

Christopher Dowell The Adventures of Badass Mike

Barry J. Hutchison Sentienced to Death

Adam Savage Every Tool's a Hammer

Rob Dircks Gigi Make Paradox

Eric Rickstad What Remains of Her

Robert Bevan 6d6

L. L. Akers Fight like a Man

L. L. Akers Shoot Like a Girl

L. L. Akers Run Like the Wind

Jonathan Mayberry Broken Lands

Alexander C. Kane Andrea Vernon and the Superhero-Industrial Complex

A.R. Shaw The China Pandemic

A.R. Shaw The Cascade Preppers

A.R. Shaw The Last Infidels mp3

A.R. Shaw The Malefic Nation

A.R. Shaw The Bitter Earth

Jim C. Hines Terminal Uprising

Mark Tufo Dog Days of War

Rick Gualtieri Get Bent!

Brian Keene Darkness on the Edge of Town

Christopher Moore Practical Demonkeeping

Christopher Moore The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove

Christopher Moore The Stupidest Angel

Chuck Wendig Wanderers

John Connolly Conquest

John Connolly Empire

John Connolly Dominion

C. J. Tudor The Taking of Annie Thorne

Wellington, David The Last Astronaut

S. Bennett A Womans Journey with the Worlds Worst Behaved Dog

Levi Black Red Right Hand

Levi Black Black Goat Blues

Eoin Colfer Artemis Fowl

Eoin Colfer The Arctic Incident

Eoin Colfer The Eternity Code

Eoin Colfer The Opal Deception

Eoin Colfer The Lost Colony

Eoin Colfer The Time Paradox

Eoin Colfer The Atlantis Complex

Eoin Colfer The Last Guardian

Ambrose Ibsen Transmission

Daniel Green End Time

Daniel Green The Breaking

Daniel Green The Rising

Patrick F McManus The Bear in the Attic

Mark Tufo Encounters

Mark Tufo Reckoning

Mark Tufo Conquest

Mark Tufo From the Ashes

Mark Tufo Into the Fire

Mark Tufo Victory's Defeat

Mark Tufo Defeat's Victory

Brett Battles Mine

Caitlin Starling the luminous dead

Craig A. Falconer Not Alone

Craig A. Falconer Second Contact

Craig A. Falconer The Final Call

Gardner Dozois Down These Strange Streets

Greig Beck Primordia

Kevin Hearne Kill the Farm Boy

Kevin Hearne No Country for Old Gnomes

Kathleen Meyer How to Shit in the Woods

Joe Hill NOS4A2

Drew Hayes The Case of the Damaged Detective

Simon Haynes Robot vs Dragons

Nora Roberts Blood Brothers

Nora Roberts The Hollows

Nora Roberts The Pagan Stone

Peter F. Hamilton The Reality Dysfunction

Paul Tremblay The Cabin at the End of the World

Gerry Griffiths Down from Beast Mountain

Eoin Colfer The Reluctant Assassin

Eoin Colfer The Hangman's Revolution

Eoin Colfer The Forever Man

C A Fletcher A Boy and His Dog at the End of the World

N.C. Reed Odd Billy Todd

Stephen King The Shining

Stephen King Doctor Sleep

Richard J. Dewhurst The Ancient Giants Who Ruled America

Laird Barron The Croning

Keith C. Blackmore The Troll Hunter

J.L. McPherson The Gorge

Erin Bowman Contagion

Erin Bowman Immunity

Stephen King The Institute

Douglas Adams Starship Titanic

Lee Murray Into the Mist

Lee Mountford The Mark

Keith C. Blackmore White Sands, Red Steel

Joe Hill The Fireman

Barry J. Hutchison The Hunt for Reduk Topa

Greig Beck Return to the Lost World

Greig Beck The Lost World

Ted Dekker Obsessed

James D. Prescott Extinction Code

James D. Prescott Extinction Countdown

James D. Prescott Extinction Crisis

James D. Prescott Missions from the Extinction Cycle 2

Dean Koontz Strange Highways

Mira Grant Rolling in the Deep

Mira Grant Into the Drowning Deep

Luke Romyn Ash

Thomas Olde Heuvelt Hex

Jeremiah Knight Hunger

Jeremiah Knight Feast

T. Kingfisher The Twisted Ones

Patrick F McManus The Horse in My Garage

Jeff Strand Wolf Hunt

Jeff Strand Wolf Hunt 2

Annie Wilder Trucker Ghost Stories

Kathryn Croft The Girl with No Past

Larry Correia Monster Hunter International

Larry Correia Vendetta

Larry Correia Alpha

Larry Correia Legion

Larry Correia Nemesis

Larry Correia Siege

Larry Correia Guardian

Nicholas Sansbury Smith Extinction Inferno

Jack Townsend Tales from the Gas Station

Dean R Koontz Phantoms

Scott Sigler Blood Is Red

Stephen Chbosky Imaginary Friend

Larry Correia Grunge

Larry Correia Sinners

Larry Correia Saints

Larry Correia The Monster Hunter Files

Dean Koontz Innocence

Hugh Howey Half Way Home

Shaun Hamill A Cosmology of Monsters

Cameron Milan Zombie Slayer!!

Charles Soule The Oracle Year

Christopher Moore Practical Demonkeeping

Christopher Moore The Lust Lizard of Melancholy Cove

Christopher Moore The Stupidest Ange

Iain Rob Wright Sea Sick

Iain Rob Wright Ravage

Iain Rob Wright Savage

Keith C. Blackmore 131 Days

Keith C. Blackmore House of Pain

Keith C. Blackmore Spikes and Edges

Keith C. Blackmore About the Blood

Keith C. Blackmore To Thunderous Applause

Kevin Hearne The Princess Beard

Adrian Tchaikovsky Walking to Aldebaran

Cixin Liu Supernova Era

Dave Pedneau Night, Winter, and Death

Dean Koontz Nameless

Jack Hunt As We Fall

Jack Hunt As We Break

Katherine Arden Small Spaces

Katherine Arden Dead Voices

Larry Correia #1 in Customer Service

Myke Cole The Armored Saint

Myke Cole The Sacred Throne

Myke Cole The Killing Light

C. T. Phipps The Future of Supervillainy

Charlie Huston The Mystic Arts of Erasing All Signs of Death

T.W. Piperbrook St. Matthews

T.W. Piperbrook Onset

T.W. Piperbrook Crossroads

T.W. Piperbrook Wasteland

Paul Tremblay Disappearance at Devil’s Rock

Ferrett Steinmetz The Sol Majestic

Grady Hendrix Horrorstör

Mark Tufo The Perfect Betrayal

William Goldman The Princess Bride

Joseph John The Eighth Day

Stephen King Gwendy's Button Box

Richard Chizmar Gwendy's Magic Feather

Ronald Malfi Snow

Robert Bevan Critical Failures VII

Mark Tufo Winter's Rising

Mark Tufo Cedar's Conflict

Mark Tufo The Edge of Deceit

Michael McBride Unidentified

Scott Sigler Infected

Scott Sigler Contagious

Prescott, James D The Genesis Conspiracy

Michael Crichton Andromeda Strain

Michael Crichton The Andromeda Evolution

Melanie Golding Little Darlings

Iain Rob Wright Escape!

Ambrose Ibsen Midnight in a Perfect World

Scott Baron Bad Luck Charlie

Scott Baron Space Pirate Charlie

Scott Baron The Dragon Mage

#reading #readinglist #books #audiobooks #list

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peach-salinger · 6 years ago

Text

✧･*ﾟscottish surnames

→ link to my scottish female name masterlist → link to my scottish male name masterlist

under the cut are 733 scottish surnames. this masterlist was created for all in one breath rp at the request of lovely el, but feel free to link on your own sites! names are listed in alphabetical order. ❝mac❞, ❝mc❞ and ❝m❞ are split into three sections because i mean... look at them. please like♡ or reblog if you found this useful.

abbot(son), abercrombie, abernethy, adam(son), agnew, aikenhead, aitken, akins, allan(nach/son), anderson, (mac)andie, (mac)andrew, angus, annand, archbold/archibald, ard, aris, (mac)arthur

(mac)bain/bayne, baird, baker, balfour, bannatyne, bannerman, barron, baxter, beaton, beith, bell, bethune, beveridge, birse, bisset, bishop, black(ie), blain/blane, blair, blue, blyth, borthwick, bowie, boyd, boyle, braden, bradley, braithnoch, (mac)bratney, breck, bretnoch, brewster, (mac)bridan/brydan/bryden, brodie, brolochan, broun/brown, bruce, buchanan, budge, buglass, buie, buist, burnie, butter/buttar

caie, (mac)caig, (mac)cail, caird, cairnie, (mac)callan(ach), calbraith, (mac)callum, calvin, cambridge, cameron, campbell, canch, (mac)candlish, carberry, carmichael, carrocher, carter, cassie, (mac)caskie, catach, catto, cattenach, causland, chambers, chandlish, charleson, charteris, chisholm, christie, (mac)chrystal, (mac)clanachan/clenachan, clark/clerk, (mac)clean, cleland, clerie, (mac)clinton, cloud, cochrane, cockburn, coles, colinson, colquhoun, comish, comiskey, comyn, conn(an), cook, corbett, corkhill, (mac)cormack, coull, coulthard, (mac)cowan, cowley, crabbie, craig, crane, cranna, crawford/crawfurd, crerar, cretney, crockett, crosby, cruikshank, (mac)crum, cubbin, cullen, cumming, cunningham, currie, cuthbertson

dallas, dalglish, dalziel, darach/darroch, davidson, davie, day, deason, de lundin, dewar, dickin, dickson, docherty, dockter, doig, dollar, (mac)donald(son), donelson, donn, douglas, dorward, (mac)dow(all), dowell, (macil)downie, drain, drummond, (mc)duff(ie)/duff(y), duguid, dunnet, dunbar, duncan, dunn, durward, duthie

E, F

eggo, elphinstone, erskine, faed, (mac)farquhar(son), fee, fergus(on), (mac)ferries, fettes, fiddes, findlay, finn, finlayson, fisher, fishwick, fitzgerald, flanagan, fleming, fletcher, forbes, forrest, foulis/fowlis, fraser, fullarton, fulton, furgeson

gall(ie), galbraith, gammie, gardyne, (mac)garvie, gatt, gault, geddes, gellion, gibb(son), gilbert, gilbride, (mac)gilchrist, gilfillan, (mac)gill(ivray/ony), gillanders, gillespie, gillies, gilliland, gilmartin, gilmichael, gilmore, gilroy, gilzean, (mac)glashan, glass, gloag, glover, godfrey, gollach, gordon, (mac)gorrie, gourlay, gow, graeme/graham, grant, grassick, grassie, gray, gregg, (mac)gregor(y), greer, greig, grierson, grieve, grimmond, (mac)gruer, gunn, guthrie

hall, hamill, (mac)hardie/hardy, harper, harvie, hassan, hatton, hay, henderson, hendry, henry, hepburn, herron, hood, hosier, howie, hugston, huie, hume, humphrey, hunter, (mac)hutcheon, hutcheson

I, J, K

(mac)innes, irving, iverach, ivory, jamieson, jarvie, jeffrey(s), johnson, johnston, jorie, (mac)kay, (mac)kean, keenan, keillor, keir, keith, kelly, kelso, keogh, kemp, kennedy, (mac)kerr(acher), kesson, king, kynoch

laing, laird, (mac)laine/lane, lamond, lamont, landsborough, landsburgh, lang/laing, larnach, laurie/lawrie, lees, lennie, lennox, leslie, lindsay, little(son), lithgow, livingston(e), lobban, logan, lorne, lothian, lovat, love, loynachan, luke, luther

MAC-

mac ruaidhrí, mac somhairle, mac suibhne, macadam, macadie, macaffer, macainsh, macalasdair, macallister, macalonie, macalpine, macanroy, macara, macarthy, macaskill, macaskin, macaughtrie, macaulay, macauslan, macbean, macbeath, macbeth(ock), macbey, macbriden, macbryde, maccabe, maccadie, maccaffer, maccaffey/maccaffie, maccalman, maccambridge, maccann, maccance, maccartney, maccavity, maccaw, macdowell, maccheyne, maccodrum, maccomb(ie), maccorkindale, maccormick, maccoll, macconie, macconnachie, macconnell, maccoshin, maccoskrie, maccorquodale, macclaren, maccleary, macclew, maccloy, macclumpha, macclung, macclure, macclurg, maccraig, maccrain, maccreadie, maccrimmon, maccrindle, maccririe, maccrone, maccrosson, maccuaig, maccuidh, maccuish, macculloch, maccurley, macdermid/macdiarmid, macdougall, macdui, macduthy, maceachainn, maceachen, macelfrish, macewan/macewen, macfadyen, macfadzean, macfall, macfarlane/macpharlane, macfater/macphater, macfeat, macfee, macfigan, macgarrie, macgarva, macgeachen/macgeechan, macgeorge, macghie, macgibbon, macgillonie, macgiven, macglip, macgriogair, macgruther, macguire, macgurk, machaffie, macheth, machugh, macichan, macinnally, macindeoir, macindoe, macinesker, macinlay, macinroy, macintosh, macintyre, macisaac, maciver/macivor, macilherran, macilroy, macjarrow, mackail, mackeegan, mackeggie, mackellar, mackelvie, mackendrick, mackenna, mackenzie, mackerlich, mackerral, mackerron, mackerrow, mackessock, mackettrick, mackichan, mackie, mackilligan, mackillop, mackim(mie), mackinven, mackirdy/mackirdie, mackrycul, maclafferty, maclagan, maclarty, maclatchie/letchie, maclaverty, maclearnan, macleay, maclehose, macleish, maclellan(d), macleman, macleod, macleòid, maclintock, macllwraith, maclucas, macluckie, maclugash, macmann(us), macmaster, macmeeken, macmichael, macmillan, macminn, macmorrow, macmurchie, macmurdo, macmurray, macnab, macnair, macnally, macnaught(on), macnee, macneish/macnish, macnicol, macninder, macnucator, macpartland, macphail, macphatrick, macphee, macphedran, macpherson, macquarrie, macqueen, macquien, macquilken, macrae/machray, macraild, macrob(bie/bert), macrory, macrostie, macshane, macsherry, macsorley, macsporran, macsween, mactavish, mactear, macturk, macusbaig, macvannan, macvarish, macvaxter, macvean, macveigh/macvey, macvicar, macvitie, macvurich, macwalter, macwattie, macwhannell, macwhillan, macwhinnie

MC-

mccabe, mccain, mcclelland, mcclintock, mcconell, mccracken, mccune, mccurdy, mcdiarmid, mcelshender, mceuen, mcewing, mcfadden, mcgeachie/mcgeachy, mcgowan, mcilroy, mcinnis, mcivor, mckechnie, mckeown, mclarty, mclennan, mcneill(age/ie), mcowen, mcphee, mcpherson, mcwhirter

maduthy, magruder, mahaffie, main(s), mair, major, malcolm(son), malloch, manson, marr, marno(ch), (mac)martin, marquis, massie, matheson, mathewson, maver/mavor, maxwell, may, mearns, meechan, meiklejohn, meldrum, mellis(h), menzies, mercer, micklewain, milfrederick, millar/miller, milligan, milliken, milne, milroy, milvain, milwain, moannach, moat, moffat, mollinson, moncrief, monk, montgomery, moore, moray, morgan, (mac)morran, morrison, morrow, morton, mossman, mucklehose, muir(head), mulloy, munn, munro, (mac)murchie/murchy, murchison, murdoch, murphy

N, O, P, Q

nairn, naughton, navin, neeve, neil, neish, nelson, ness, nevin, nicalasdair, niceachainn, (mac)nichol(son), nicleòid, (mac)niven, noble, ochiltree, ogg, ogilvy, o'kean, oliver, omay/omey, orchard(son), orr, osborne, park, paterson, patrick, patten, peacock, peat, peters, philp, polson, power, purcell, purser, qualtrough, quayle, quillan, quiller, quinn, quirk

R, S

(mac)ranald(son), randall, rankin, reid, reoch, revie, riach, (mac)ritchie, roberts(on), rose, ross, rothes, roy, ryrie, salmon(d), scott, selkirk, sellar, shannon, sharpe, shaw, sheen, shiach, sillars, sim(son/pson), sinclair, skene, skinner, sloan, smith, somerville, soutar/souter, stein, stenhouse, stewart/stuart, strachan, stronach, sutherland, (mac)swan(son/ston), swinton

T, U, V, W, Y

taggart, tallach, tawse, taylor, thom(son), todd, tolmie, tosh, tough, tulloch, turner, tyre, ulrick, urquhart, vass, wallace, walker, walsh, warnock, warren, ward, watt, watson, wayne, weir, welsh, whiston, whyte, wilkins(on), (mac)william(son), wilson, winning, wright, young

#names #masterlist #surnames #last names #name masterlist #rph #scottish surnames #scottish last names #roleplay help #roleplay #rp #mine #my stuff #surname masterlist #last name masterlist

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compneuropapers · 4 years ago

Text

Interesting Papers for Week 47, 2021

Stochasticity Versus Determinacy in Neurobiology: From Ion Channels to the Question of the “Free Will.” Braun, H. A. (2021). Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 15, 39.

Temporal modes of hub synchronization at rest. de Pasquale, F., Spadone, S., Betti, V., Corbetta, M., & Della Penna, S. (2021). NeuroImage, 235, 118005.

Nonhuman rationality: a predictive coding perspective. Hung, T.-W. (2021). Cognitive Processing, 22(2), 353–362.

Clustered functional domains for curves and corners in cortical area V4. Jiang, R., Andolina, I. M., Li, M., & Tang, S. (2021). eLife, 10, e63798.

Prediction of Successful Memory Encoding Based on Lateral Temporal Cortical Gamma Power. Jun, S., Kim, J. S., & Chung, C. K. (2021). Frontiers in Neuroscience, 15, 464.

Behavioral and Neuronal Representation of Numerosity Zero in the Crow. Kirschhock, M. E., Ditz, H. M., & Nieder, A. (2021). Journal of Neuroscience, 41(22), 4889–4896.

Neural activity temporal pattern dictates long-range propagation targets. Leong, A. T. L., Wang, X., Wong, E. C., Dong, C. M., & Wu, E. X. (2021). NeuroImage, 235, 118032.

Epinephrine modulates memory of latent learning in an inhibitory avoidance task. Liang, K. C., & Chen, D.-Y. (2021). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 182, 107447.

Spontaneous neural synchrony links intrinsic spinal sensory and motor networks during unconsciousness. McPherson, J. G., & Bandres, M. F. (2021). eLife, 10, e66308.

Transcranial alternating current stimulation at theta frequency to left parietal cortex impairs associative, but not perceptual, memory encoding. Meng, A., Kaiser, M., de Graaf, T. A., Dücker, F., Sack, A. T., De Weerd, P., & van de Ven, V. (2021). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 182, 107444.

Disruption of model-based decision making by silencing of serotonin neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus. Ohmura, Y., Iwami, K., Chowdhury, S., Sasamori, H., Sugiura, C., Bouchekioua, Y., … Yoshioka, M. (2021). Current Biology, 31(11), 2446-2454.e5.

Evidence accumulation relates to perceptual consciousness and monitoring. Pereira, M., Megevand, P., Tan, M. X., Chang, W., Wang, S., Rezai, A., … Faivre, N. (2021). Nature Communications, 12(1), 3261.

Bridging across functional models: The OFC as a value-making neural network. Pessiglione, M., & Daunizeau, J. (2021). Behavioral Neuroscience, 135(2), 277–290.

The connectome predicts resting-state functional connectivity across the Drosophila brain. Turner, M. H., Mann, K., & Clandinin, T. R. (2021). Current Biology, 31(11), 2386-2394.e3.

Metaplastic regulation of neocortical long-term depression in vivo is sensitive to distinct phases of conditioned taste aversion. Urrieta, E., & Escobar, M. L. (2021). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 182, 107449.

Network Path Convergence Shapes Low-Level Processing in the Visual Cortex. Varga, B., Soós, B., Jákli, B., Bálint, E., Somogyvári, Z., & Négyessy, L. (2021). Frontiers in Systems Neuroscience, 15, 45.

Midfrontal theta as moderator between beta oscillations and precision control. Watanabe, T., Mima, T., Shibata, S., & Kirimoto, H. (2021). NeuroImage, 235, 118022.

Does memory reactivation during sleep support generalization at the cost of memory specifics? Witkowski, S., Noh, S. M., Lee, V., Grimaldi, D., Preston, A. R., & Paller, K. A. (2021). Neurobiology of Learning and Memory, 182, 107442.

Homeostatic synaptic scaling establishes the specificity of an associative memory. Wu, C.-H., Ramos, R., Katz, D. B., & Turrigiano, G. G. (2021). Current Biology, 31(11), 2274-2285.e5.

Cortical entrainment to hierarchical contextual rhythms recomposes dynamic attending in visual perception. Yuan, P., Hu, R., Zhang, X., Wang, Y., & Jiang, Y. (2021). eLife, 10, e65118.

#science #Neuroscience #computational neuroscience #Brain science #research #cognition #neurons #neurobiology #cognitive science #psychophysics #neural networks #neural computation

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if-you-fan-a-fire · 8 years ago

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“Man At Burwash Flogged While Hanging Tied Up,” Sudbury Star. November 1, 1917. Page 01 & 18. --- Men Can’t Change Wet Garments --- Ontario Prison Farm Inmates Sleep in Three Tiers of Berths. --- Special to The Star by a Staff Reporter. Burwash, Ont., Nov. 1. - Astonishing revelations were made at the Ontario Prison Farm yesterday during a visit of Hon. W. D. McPherson, C. McCrea, M.P.P., and a representative of The Toronto Star, which indicate that radical changes will be made in the near future in the conditions of the inmates. The Provincial institution is situated about eighteen miles before reaching Sudbury, on the C.P.R. main western line. It is safe to indicate that if the evidence received yesterday is further corroborated, heroic measures will be taken to eliminate conditions which can only be regarded as deplorable in such an institution.

During the last few days many complaints reached The Star about the conditions under which the inmates lived. On Monday a representative of The Star asked permission of Hon. W. D. McPherson to go through the institution, and see if the allegations were true. Mr. McPherson said he was about to visit Burwash. The Star asked to accompany him, and was readily granted permission. Mr. McPherson stated there was nothing to hide or conceal. He not only allowed freedom to get the information, but himself opened the avenue whereby it could be obtained.

May Appoint Commissioner. After the strenuous day was over the Provincial Secretary expressed surprise at some of the revelations and said he did not see anything which could not be remedied. He would follow the matter further every way and also indicated that he might appoint a commissioner to sift the matter to the very bottom.

From the statements of the prisoners themselves it seemed to be established that inmates sleep in three tiers of steel construction beds in their underwear, and that often after working in pouring rain they return and sleep in their wet underwear and have no change of clothing. Many men working out in the open yesterday were working with wet feet, due to being badly shod, and their think socks in many cases had holes in them. A thin coating of snow covered the ground. A Flogging Machine. There is at the farm a steel machine to which men are fastened to be flogged. This flogging has ceased since the beginning of September. One man said he was fastened to the machine and flogged hanging by his wrists as he was not tal enough to reach for the floor with his feet.

Until last August 1st, there was no permanent medical officer at the camp, and since then he has been away a week out west. There is no real hospital at the camp, and a room was opened yesterday, in which three beds were placed as a temporary hospital. Several men with ugly diseases and others with serious ailments are living with the inmates all the time in the same rooms, eating with them, sleeping with them, and washing at the same toilets. Apparently the medical officer was unaware of this.

Tells Revolting Story. Men have been fastened to posts in the dormitory, with their arms around the post and wrists handcuffed, and left there for many hours. According to the testimony of an old Scotchman one man was beaten brutally by an official. The old man’s story of it is a revolting one. This case is to be investigated thoroughly by the Provincial Secretary.

When the prisoners were asked if the old man’s tale was true many said: yes, they had witnessed it. After the man was brutally treated and bleeding he was put on the ‘machine,’ it is stated. One prisoner, a printer by trade, said ‘We don’t mind work, but surely we ought to be treated as human beings.’ He stated that the work in the bush was too heavy for him, as he was brought up to other work. He did his best, but could not do as much as an experienced man, and this got him into trouble.

Checker Boards for Visitors. Many of the prisoners stated that they knew a party of visitors were coming. Everything had been scrubbed. Thirty-five bunks, they said, had been taken out of the crowded dormitory at main camp No. 2 and taken to camp 1 the night before. The little hospital with three beds was opened yesterday. An official appeared and placed three checker boards with the checkers in the dormitory at the main camp ten minutes before the party entered the room. This was the first time the men had ever seen games. Men at main camp 1 had been given fresh footwear during the last two days, but the men at camp 1 had not got any.

When many of the men were asked if they knew a party of visitors were coming a great number replied ‘yes’ and laughed, one man stating that last night the officials were painting by lantern light to fix things up.

At the main camp No. 2 the new building is a good one. The toilet room is a good one. A prisoner who was formerly a civil engineer stated that the water in the toilet room was only running for about three to four hours a day.

Three Tiers of Bunks. There was a general complaint that the food was not good and insufficient, the eating utensils dirty, the work heavy to men unaccustomed to it. They work ten hours a day, six days a week, and at Sunday they are confined in the dormitories, which are crowded. The only religious services they heard were when a Salvation Army captain visited them. Many of the prisoners are Catholics, and asked that a priest be allowed to conduct service for them.

There is no furniture in the dormitory. Down each side of the dormitory there is a row of steel bunks, another row above this, and a third still higher. When filled there are three rows of inmates on each side of the dormitory, each row above the other.

Three Camps in Operation. Burwash Prison Farm consists of about 55 quare miles in area. There are three camps in operation at present. At No. 1 there are 142 inmates, and at the main camp No. 2 about 152. These were the two camnps visited by the party. As before stated, there are about 322 inmates altogether in the prison. Nearly all were seen, as 294 out of the 322 are at these two camps. Most of the prisoners were engaged clearing the land, making roads, doing concrete work, or cultivating land and ripping out the stumps. The inmates of the prison are men who have been sent for terms of from one to three months or not exceeding two years. Camp 1 was the first place visited, and lies about a mile and a half from Burwash station, on the C.P.R. The visitors inspected the big dormitory, with its 143 steel bunks, contained in a frame building heated with two big stoves.

Stories Told by Prisoners. The first gang of prisoners at Camp 1 were found at work about half a mile from the dormitory. They were digging and clearing the land. Hon. W. D. McPherson asked the guards and officials to retire. He then told the men that they could talk freely without fear of being penalized for what they said. Complaints had been heard, and the visitors wanted to know if the prisoners had any complaints to make about their treatment. Four or five told about being put on the ‘machine.’ One man said he was digging in a ditch. He was wet and sweating. He climbed out for a moment, and was told get back. He did so. Another prisoner informed the guard he had got out again when he had not permission and so he was given the ‘machine.’

A great proportion of the men said their feet were wet, and had been all day. Two took their shoes off to show their wet socks and holes in them. Several of the men said they were ill and could not do the heavy work, but had to stick at it. The men said they got a change of underclothes every week, but that the underwear they pulled off was washed at the laundry at the main camp and was not half washed. They stated they slept in their underwear.

Two of them were returned soldiers. One had been at the front with the 2nd Battalion. He was in the prison for ‘joy riding.’ They said the bread was often sour. Their clothes were insufficient. One man said he was half paralyzed and showed his limbs to prove it, declaring that he was out in the open on heavy work. It meant a five-mile jaunt on wagons and horseback for the party to reach main camp No. 2. Mr. McPherson, Investigates. Mr. McPherson addressed the prisoners after dismissing the guards and told them to speak frankly. They did. One man stated plainly that the whole place had been fixed up ready for the visitors. Everything had been scrubbed, the men’s hair cut, and some new clothes given to them and an issue of shoes in anticipation of the visit. The men showed their wet underwear. They had just come in from working out in the bush, and stated they had to sleep in that, and did so regularly. In answer to Mr. McPherson, the men stated that they had asked for fresh clothing and that it had been refused. Others said that after the doctor had told them to stay inside when they were ill the guard would turn them out. They said the doctor was a good fellow, but what he said ‘didn’t go.’

The Star asked the prisoners questions and inspected their clothing. Men told of being ill but being forced to continue to work. They told of contracting rheumatism, although they had never had it before. One man said he would rather put in two years at Kingston than a week in Burwash. The men who had been flogged in some cases stated it was for trying to run away. Asked why they tried to escape they replied, ‘Bad food, heavy work, and the general treatment. Couldn’t stand it.’ Quite a number of those who had been punished stated they were in for having ‘a bottle of booze.’

Flogging Before August 1st. The whole story was an astonishing one. All idea of trying to fit these men as future citizens or their social regeneration seems to have been lost sight of. Everything is in favor of the prison being a splendid one for reclaiming men. There is a abundant country, the new building and equipment are good, but the treatment of the men as human beings seems to be secondary. The officials at the institution state that the men are only flogged for serious offences such as insolence to an officer, laziness and refusing to work, and trying to escape. The officials have a card index system showing every man’s record. The flogging evidently ceased on September 1st, but the officials state it was not because of complaints made. They state that a man never was flogged without medical authority since the camps have had a medical officer. But almost all the flogging took place before the arrival of this officer on August 1st. The officials showed the food the men had and said the bread was of the best.

There is a vast difference of opinion between the official’s statement and that of the prisoners. It was denied that any man had been beaten up by an official.

Man Shot by Guard. One man was shot by a guard with a revolver. He was trying to escape. The inquest was held at the camp without a jury as the district is unorganized.

The camp came into use when Guelph and Whitby institutions were turned over to the Military Hospitals Commission for returned soldiers, officials vigorously defend the Burwash Prison as excellent under all the circumstances.

Mr. McPherson, in addressing the prisoners after the investigation stated that there was not the slightest idea of interfering with the discipline of the institution. He would see that every man had a square deal. Everything would be fixed and the officials would do their duty. The law had placed them there and that had to be recognized. The men applauded the Provincial Secretary. Officials are confident that when the matter is followed up further the treatment will be justified.

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elipinski · 6 years ago

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INTEGRATING CARE

Introduction

Image from SouthEast LHIN

I chose this blog topic because it closely aligns with my current work on the Health Links model of care project. The Health Links model of care is a key commitment of the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care in integrating care for patients with complex health conditions such as those living with mental health and/or addictions and people who are frail (Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care Ontario, 2015). Health Links is also the foundation of the People’s Health Care Act; Bill 74 passed earlier this year. The purpose of this legislation is to guide the creation of Ontario Health Teams with the mandate of delivering integrated and coordinated services across health and social service sectors (The People’s Health Care Act, 2019). In delivering Health Links model of care, social and health service providers are required to use a Coordinated Care Plan (CCP) (Click on link to see the CCP). The CCP is a communication tool for patients, their families/caregivers, and providers with the focus on what is most important to the client/patient. The information obtained to complete the CCP is inclusive of physical health, mental health and addictions, assessing physical, psychological, social and spiritual supports (“Coordinated Care Plan User Guide Version 2.1,” 2018)

Bill 74, The People's Health Care Act, 2019

https://www.ola.org/en/legislative-business/bills/parliament-42/session-1/bill-74

As an occupational therapist working in Ontario, I am very interested in seeing what changes will take place in our healthcare system and how this will impact service delivery particularly for seniors with normal and abnormal mental health. Here is hoping that the new changes to the healthcare system will address some of the barriers experienced by seniors with mental health issues such as difficulty finding appropriate mental health providers, long wait lists, difficulty with transportation and mental health stigma (Segal et al., 2018).

In this blog I will be exploring various issues that impact adults with normal and abnormal mental health as they navigate the health care system.

References

Bill 74, The People’s Health Care Act. (2019). 42nd Legislature, 1st session. Retrieved from Legislative Assembly of Ontario website: https://www.ola.org/sites/default/files/node-files/bill/document/pdf/2019/2019-04/b074ra_e.pdf

Cordinated Care Plan User Guide Version 2.1. (2018). Retrieved from Health Quatlity Ontario website: https://www.hqontario.ca/Portals/0/documents/qi/health-links/ccm-coordinated-care-plan-user-guide-v2.1-en.pdf

Segal, D. L., Qualls, S. H., & Smyer, M. A. (2018). Aging and Mental Health (3rd ed.).

What is integrated care?

Image from Better Health Together. Western Sydney Integrated Care Program

Integrated care refers to bringing together inputs, delivery, management and organization of services as a way to improve access and quality of services, improve efficiency and patient satisfaction. (Plochg, Ilinca, & Noordegraaf, 2017). When looking at our current health system, health issues are being managed in a disconnected and fragmented way where there is no coordination of services across providers, settings or in the timing of the care that is provided (de Carvalho et al., 2017). This makes it difficult for patients who want to access services to know where to go and if they are accessing different services many times they have to repeat their health history due to a disjointed system. The Ontario provincial government has been exploring ways to improve health care in the province and one of the ways they have been looking to do that is through the integration of the healthcare system. The goal of integrated healthcare models is to connect health and social systems to improve the coordination of services across the different sectors and enhance patient and caregiver experience (Kirst et al., 2017).

The population in Canada is increasingly aging and the care needs of aging adults will increase exponentially. As people age and experience normal mental health decline, they become more vulnerable for getting more serious mental health illnesses and living with more complex and interrelated mental, physical and social health issues (Salinda, n.d.). The complicated interactions of physical and mental health for older adults which need close supervision of a patient’s physical well-being require collaboration among providers. (Segal, Qualls, & Smyer, 2018). There is a need to have a healthcare system that is responsive to these needs and not treat them separately. In an integrated system an individual experiencing physical, mental and social change would have their services coordinated and connected across sectors. Evidence suggest that for patients with chronic and combined physical and mental health conditions, care that is integrated leads to better results and is more cost efficient (Oldham, 2013).

References

de Carvalho, I. A., Epping-Jordan, J. A., Pot, A. M., Kelley, E., Toro, N., Thiyagarajan, J. A., & Beard, J. R. (2017). Organizing integrated health-care services to meet older people’s needs. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. https://doi.org/10.2471/BLT.16.187617

Kirst, M., Im, J., Burns, T., Baker, G. R., Goldhar, J., O’Campo, P., … Wodchis, W. P. (2017). What works in implementation of integrated care programs for older adults with complex needs? A realist review. International Journal for Quality in Health Care. https://doi.org/10.1093/intqhc/mzx095

Oldham, J. (2013). Integrated care. Journal of Psychiatric Practice. https://doi.org/10.1177/146245679900300305

Plochg, T., Ilinca, S., & Noordegraaf, M. (2017). Beyond integrated care. Journal of Health Services Research and Policy. https://doi.org/10.1177/1355819617697998

Salinda, H (n.d.). AGHE 821. Module 1: Mental Health & Aging: Aging well [PowerPoint presentation] Retrieved from Queen’s University website: https://onq.queensu.ca/d2l/le/content/321165/viewContent/1968574/View

Segal, D. L., Qualls, S. H., & Smyer, M. A. (2018). Aging and Mental Health (3rd ed.).

Bringing health and social services together

Medical and mental health and addiction systems exist in separate silos, making it difficult for patients to navigate (Sebastian, 2017). As previously mentioned, our current health system is mostly fragmented; with patients having to visit different providers related to either their mental health, social or medical needs. There is always an attempt to address all these three areas of need separately but we have to recognize that unless one’s basic needs are met, good overall health is hard to achieve (Sebastian, 2017). The lack of co-ordination and the lack of a holistic approach within health and social care for older persons result in unsatisfactory care (Gustafsson, Kristensson, Holst, Willman, & Bohman, 2013). These patients often struggle with knowing whom to call when they need non-emergent help and any information provided to them could be overwhelming.

youtube

Tom Sebastian talking about Integrated care: connecting medical and behavioral care

Is a case management model the answer? A case management model is a way of intervening in a fragmented health system with the aim of improving the coordination of different services, such as health and social care (Gustafsson et al., 2013). It has been suggested that medical and behavioral health care providers should work closely with social service providers to develop comprehensive care plans (Sebastian, 2017) and to improve continuity of care (Gustafsson et al., 2013). A case management system could work especially well for those patients who are having difficulty with their memories, by having one-point person to help them navigate the health and social systems.

References

Gustafsson, M., Kristensson, J., Holst, G., Willman, A., & Bohman, D. (2013). Case managers for older persons with multi-morbidity and their everyday work - A focused ethnography. BMC Health Services Research.https://doi.org/10.1186/1472-6963-13-496

Sebastian, T. (2017, December). Integrated care: Connecting medical and behavioral care [Video file]. Retrieved from: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=0lzmaBpBEag&t=19s

An Integrated care model: Mental health and primary care

Mental health disorders account for about a quarter of all health related disabilities in the world and more patients get treatment for mental illness in primary care than in a mental health specially setting (Kroenke & Unutzer, 2017). In Ontario in order to access psychiatry services, you have to be admitted in an inpatient setting or get a referral from your primary care physician to a psychiatrist and wait times can be long for what are considered non-urgent cases. Primary care providers and mental health and addictions (MH&A) providers have been taking steps to collaborate and integrate care either within a single service or within a team where they share care planning and decision making, have a common medical record (Kates et al., 2011). Collaborative care models involve mental MH&A providers working with primary care while an integrated care model involves MH&A workers working within and as part of primary care and patients perceive it as a routine part of their health (Kroenke & Unutzer, 2017).

An example of this type of integrated care model has been established by the Hamilton Family Health Team Mental Health Program (HFHT-MHP) where mental health providers have been integrated into over 81 offices of 150 family physicians where the focus is on providing ready access mental health care in a place that is convenient and easy to access for patients with mental health issues (Kates, McPherson-Doe, & George, 2011). Some of the benefits of the program have been, reduced wait times for first assessment, access to MH&A for adults over age of 65 who would otherwise experience lengthy wait times, early detection and treatment of MH&A problems, communication and coordination of care among providers (ibid). Integrated and collaborative models of care have the potential of improving access to care and enhancing the experience of older adults, which is one of the goals of The People’s HealthCare Act, 2019. This type of model has the opportunity of engaging models of mental health care that are not just bio-medical and focused on medication for intervention, but also psychodynamic, cognitive-behavioral, stress and coping and family systems models by including other health professionals such as psychotherapists, social workers and psychologists.

References

Kates, N., Mazowita, G., Lemire, F., Jayabarathan, A., Bland, R., Selby, P., ... & Audet, D. (2011). The evolution of collaborative mental health care in Canada: A shared vision for the future. Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 56(5), I1.

Kates, N., McPherson-Doe, C., & George, L. (2011). Integrating mental health services within primary care settings: The hamilton family health team. Journal of Ambulatory Care Management. https://doi.org/10.1097/JAC.0b013e31820f6435

Kroenke, K., & Unutzer, J. (2017). Closing the False Divide: Sustainable Approaches to Integrating Mental Health Services into Primary Care. Journal of General Internal Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-016-3967-9

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botanyshitposts · 8 years ago

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masterpost of all the plant books i own

this is all the plant books i own minus some suuuper vintage ones that dont matter so imma just gonna. put the casual books up top and all the others under the cut

there are many. my interests are diverse. be warned

FOR PEOPLE CASUALLY INTERESTED IN HAVING A GOOD PLANT TIME

The Plant Messiah - Carlos Magdalena

Reaching for the Sun - John King

Brilliant Green: The surprising History and Science of Plant Intelligence (Kindle Edition) - Stefano Mancuso and Alessandra Viola

In Praise of Plants - Francis Halle

The Hidden Life of Trees: What they Feel, How they Communicate (Kindle Edition) - Peter Wohlleben

Botany for Dummies (Kindle Edition) - Rene Fester Kratz

Lab Girl - Hope Jahren. This was given to me by my dad because he heard it was about a female botanist and her fun botany adventures but I haven’t read it yet because it’s currently popular and I’m petty and an edgy stubborn teen that must Avoid Popular Things(tm). that being said its supposed to be really good so putting it here out of the admittance that it’s probably really good and I should read it

TEXTBOOKS AND ACADEMIC

Aroids: Plants of the Arum Family - Deni Bown

Encyclopedia of plant Physiology Volume 18: Higher Plant Cell Respiration - Editied by R. Douce and D. A. Day

Genomics and Breeding for Climate-Resilient Crops Volume 2: Target Traits - Edited by Chittaranjan Kole

Life Processes of Plants - Arthur W. Galston

Green Plants: Their Origin and Diversity (second edition) - Peter R. Bell and Alan R. Hemsley. This is the official textbook for the Botany course at my University. I think of it as “Level 2 botany”?? Like, it’s harder than a college Biology course and rather challenging for me as an undergrad, and I wouldn’t recommend it for beginners, but it’s not as hard as a professional course/reference book.

Pitcher Plants of the Old World Volume 1 - Stewart McPherson

Pitcher Plants of the Old World Volume 2 - Stewart McPherson

New Nepenthes Volume 1 - Stewart McPherson

Introduction to Organic Chemistry (third edition) - William Brown and Thomas Poon

Biology of Plants - Raven, Evert, Eichhorn

Arctic Adaptions in Plants: Monograph Number 6, 1972 - Agriculture Canada

REFERENCE AND NOT QUITE A TEXTBOOK

Taxonomy of Flowering Plants (second edition) - Porter

Common Fossil Plants of Western North America (second edition) - William D. Tidwell

Botanical Microtechnique and Cytochemistry by Berlyn and Miksche. This is from like 1931 lol

Mountain Wild Flowers of Colorado (Museum Pictorial) - Roberts and Nelson

The Botany Coloring Book - Paul Young

The Origin of the Species - Charles Darwin

Iowa’s Living Roadway: Plant Profiler - Iowa Department of Transportation

HORTICULTURAL AND GREENHOUSE CATALOUGES

Miniature Orchids and How to Grow Them - Rebecca Tyson Northern

The Plant Propagator’s Bible - Miranda Smith

Snowdrops - Gunter Waldorf

Modern Miniature Daffodils: Species and Hybrids - James S. Wells

(Catalogue) Proven Winners 2015

(Catalogue) Proven Winners 2017

Hummert’s Helpful Hints (4th Edition) - Hummert????

(Catalogue) PanAmerican Seed and KieftSeed 2018/2019

(Catalogue) Ivy Garth 2016

NOT COMPLETELY BOTANY RELATED

Protein Structure: Molecular and Electronic Reactivity - Edited by R. Austin, E. Buhks, B. Chance, D. DeVault, P. L. Dutton, H. Frauenfelder, V. I. Gol’danskii Okay so I ordered this for my research project and then realized when I got it that it’s waaaaayyyy above my level. Like, not even in my field. I will never in my life be able to comprehend this book but at least I got it for $4

The Biology Coloring Book - Robert D. Griffin

Introduction to Protein Structure (second edition) - Branden and Tooze

Molecular Biology: A Very Short Introduction - Aysha Divan and Janice A. Royds

Seven Brief Lessons on Physics - Carlo Rovelli

Field Notes on Science and Nature - Edited by Michael R. Canfield

The Machinery of Life - David S. Goodsell Okay so this is all about molecular machines and stuff??? Like the mechanical components of ATP synthase and all the rest of the literal machines in biological things??? there are also colored electron microscope pics. its really cool

The Vital Question: Energy, Evolution, and the Origins of Complex Life (Kindle Edition) - Nick Lane Discusses why we’re here and how life happened via evolution

Letters to a Young Scientist - Edward O. Wilson this is like the BEST science book and it’s won multiple awards and if you’re a young person going into science AT ALL you should read it 200% rn go read it NOW

(SCIENCE) BOOKS I WANT TO GET (not all about botany but most are)

Life's Ratchet: How Molecular Machines Extract Order from Chaos - Peter M. Hoffmann

Mesostic Herbarium - Alec Finlay a collection of botany and plant poems

We Have No Idea: A Guide to the Unknown Universe - Jorge Cham and Daniel Whiteson

The Seven Daughters of Eve: The Science That Reveals Our Genetic Ancestry - Bryan Sykes This was recommended to me by a teacher after hearing of my interesting in AOX, a specific plant mitochondrial protein. it talks about using mDNA- DNA strands contained in the mitochondria that are inherited only from the female sex in each and every species of living thing with a mitochondria; for example, we inherit all our mDNA from our mothers, and plants inherit all their mDNA from whatever plant provided the ovary during its conception- to trace our ancestry through the ages to 7 specific women in Africa a super long time ago. He said that it’s impossible to put down.

The Cell: A Visual Tour of the Building Block of Life - Jack Challoner

A Garden of Marvels: How We Discovered that Flowers Have Sex, Leaves Eat Air, and Other Secrets of Plants

The Wild Trees: A Story of Passion and Daring - Richard Preston

When Life Nearly Died: The Greatest Mass Extinction of All Time - Michael J. Benton ok so earth has gone through 5 major extinctions in its life and this one talks about the largest one that scientists literally call “the great dying”. it casually wiped out 90% of all life on earth and every species of thing alive today is descended from the survivors of that. sleep well

The Botany of Desire: A Plant’s-Eye View of the World - Michael Pollan

Weeds: In Defense of Nature’s Most Unloved Plants - Richard Mabey

The Language of Plants: Science, Philosophy, Literature - Monica Gagliano and John C. Ryan

Botany in a Day - Thomas J. Elpel I watched Elpel’s youtube lecture going over this book, and I can verify that it’s great as a starting point for people learning basic plant ID! It’s very simple and applicable and I need to buy the book and read it

#long post #AAAAAAAAA THIS TOOK ME LIKE 2 HOURS TO PUT TOGETHEEERRRR #books

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frontmezzjunkies · 5 years ago

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The Windy and Spooky Weir Streams in from the Irish Rep

#frontmezzjunkies tunes in to The Windy and Spooky Weir Streaming in from the @IrishRep #TheWeir by #ConorMcPherson d: #CiaranOReilly w/ #DanButler #SeanGromley #JohnKeating #AmandaQuaid #TimRuddy #StreamingTheatre

The Streaming Experience: Irish Repertory Theatre’s The Weir

By Ross

They are getting better and better these windy wild days and nights of isolation, and this theatre junkie can’t be more thankful to the artistic team behind the Irish Rep Theatre‘s virtual performances of The Weir. The superbly written play by Conor McPherson (The Seafarer) breathes a ghostly life into the theatrical venue of…

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#Ciaran O&039;Reilly #Conor McPherson #irish rep online #Irish Repertory Theatre #streaming theatre #the weir

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kheirfakhreldin · 5 years ago

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Testimony Before the Southern Claims Commission in the Case of Franklin D. Cossitt (1821-1900). Washington, D.C., 1876. Part 3.

Chapter 3. Hon. Stephen A. Hurlbut is Questioned by the Commission and by Cossitt’s Attorney.

Hon. Stephen A. Hurlbut, sworn:

Comi Aldis.

q. Please state your age, residence & occupation.

a. I am 60 years of age, reside at Belvidere, Ill. & my present occupation is that of a Member of Congress.

q. During the war you were a Major General in the army & had command for a while at La Grange Tenn did you not?

a. Yes sir. I was a Brigadier General commanding the fourth division of the Army of the Tennessee, & after capturing Corinth, we moved across the county on the line of the Memphis & Charleston R.R. & occupied the country around Grand Junction, & La Grange, Corinth being my headquarters for a while. That was perhaps in June or July 1862.

q. Did you during that time become acquainted with the claimant F. D. Cossitt?

a. Yes sir. I became acquainted with Mr. Cossitt as soon as I came into La Grange I think.

q. Please state your means of knowledge as to his being a loyal or disloyal man to the US. gov’t.

a. Mr. Cossitt was among the first of the men in that region of country who came out openly & avowedly when the army came there, as a Union man & so declared himself at once to me & to my officers, & I found upon inquiry that he was so considered by the people there before we came. He was under a cloud. That section of Tennessee along the line of the Memphis & Charleston R.R. was bitterly secession. The region North of it, up above, was very much more divided in sentiment. From all the means of information I could get at that time (and it was my business to know) I was advised that he was distinguished as a Union man & has always been loyal to the gov’t. He gave us a great deal of important information, & his conduct was so marked by his known fidelity to the Union that when I was about to move on from La Grange to Memphis & there was no probability that the troops would be retained there, Mr Cossitt considered it necessary (and I have no doubt it was) for him to leave the country & he went, I think, immediately to Chicago—I would not be positive about that.

q. In your judgement it would not have been safe for him to have remained?

a. No sir They would have executed him, sure. He was about my headquarters a good deal & was known to give me information—important information too, & that connected with his marked career before, would have made it absolutely unsafe for him to have remained there. I do not think his life would have been worth a straw outside of the range that was covered by the US. troops. There are not a great many people in the South that I can vouch for as being essentially Union people, but I can for Mr. Cossitt.

q. Did you know anything in regard to his property—his plantations, & how they were stocked?

a. I could not tell that. I have a sort of general knowledge & that is all. Major Daniel J. Bennet who was my quartermaster could, I have no doubt, give pretty full information on that subject.

q. Where is he now?

a. At Gettysburg Pa. Major Bennet was my quartermaster & in all this matter of taking supplies as we did sometimes—especially foraging through the country, he always gave (where these supplies were taken by regular authority so that they would be distributed among the army)—gave vouchers. I can not give you any knowledge except the general impression I had in my mind, that Mr. Cossitt put, practically, everything he had at the disposal of the gov’t. That is all I can say to you. That I understand to be the fact. I can not give you any more direct information because that was all done by staff officers. The amounts of the claim or the articles taken I could not possibly give. I only know that whatever Mr. Cossitt had that was available for the gov’t, we got.

q. These letters are in your handwriting [Showing witness letters filed as Exhibits.]

a. Yes sir.

q. Were these four letters purporting to be signed by you, written & signed by you?

a. Yes sir. I don’t know precisely at what date Mr Cossitt left. I can not tell those things. He may have remained around La Grange, because there were occasional troops kept along the line there. My impression is now that he went to Memphis & from Memphis he went to Chicago. As regards his property, I can not give any more definite information than that whatever Mr Cossitt had there that the gov’t required, was at the disposal of the gov’t.

Counsel:

q. Did you understand that he had a large property down there?

a. Oh yes sir.

q. Where were your troops stationed—near what plantation, if you remember any name?

a. My division was quartered in La Grange—that is, not in the town exactly. The town stands on a bold bluff looking down to the valley on the stream & we covered that stream—the bridges over it looking South, and looking also at the left flank so as cover Grand Junction which was the junction of 2 railways.

q. Please state the number of troops under your command?

a. I must have had 7500 men.

q. How far did you extend from La Grange out into the country—your own troops?

a. Well, we didn’t reach out into the country that way. We sent expeditionary columns to exercise the men & to bring in forage from different directions—generally into Mississippi which lay just below us—that is, South, and sometimes off in other directions. But the troops were simply in quarters there. Before we occupied La Grange we were for 2 weeks I think, below La Grange at a point called Davis’ Mills. That was South of La Grange.

q. How far from the Mississippi line is Davis’ Mills?

a. I think it is in Mississippi.

q. What other commands were in that neighborhood at that time?

a. General Sherman had a division at Moscow 12 miles east of La Grange on the railway—on the Memphis & Charleston RR., and Gen. McClernand had a brigade which occupied Grand Junction a part of the time. Grand Junction is about three miles west from La Grange. Sherman had about eight thousand troops & McClernand had a brigade down there under command of Gen. Leggett—I think three regiments.

Comi Aldis: There must have been 20,000 men?

a. Along that line! Yes sir.

Counsel: Were you foraging upon the country at this time for your supplies?

a. For forage, yes: foraging for the animals.

Comi Aldis: Which would include corn?

a. Oh, certainly.

Counsel: And subsistence too?

a. For the men? I think not: that is not my recollection.

q. You were taking horses & mules?

a. Oh yes, when necessary.

Comi Aldis: There is quite a large charge for cattle.

a. I don’t know what there is in the bill.

q. Would it be likely that at that time any of these bodies of troops would require cattle?

a. Yes sir, it might be. It was difficult for us to get fresh beef during the most of this time. Memphis had not yet been captured. I do not remember the precise date at which Memphis was captured. Our line of supplies was either by wagon-train from Corinth or by the northern railway leading up to Columbus. I remember now, that at one time I had my men on quarter rations—I can not say how long a time, and on half rations for quite a time. That is simply to show the uncertainty of communications, and when we were on quarter or half rations I always drew from the country such supplies as we needed—bacon, vegetables, corn meal & other things.

q. Did you get any pork there?

a. No sir, there was no pork in that country: it was all bacon. I do not know of any instance in which we took up hogs regularly.

q. He has four or five hundred hogs charged?

a. I don’t know about that. I don’t know that we ever regularly took up hogs.

q. Who was your Commissary?

a. Capt. Wm. W. Jackson was at that time. He is right here in the city. I think he would know. He lives in Washington. I have never known of their taking up any pork, or live hogs, but it may have been done. I can not say. This column of Sherman’s & mine was the pioneer column moving across that country on the way towards Memphis. We intended to take Memphis in the rear, but the gunboats came down the river & cleared out the front of Memphis & they all ran away & we moved in leisurely. We got into Memphis in August 1862. Our column moved in, & up until sometime in August 1862 we were along that La Grange road.

Counsel: Were there any other troops stationed there except the ones you have mentioned?

a. Yes sir: troops followed me.

q. Do you remember when your troops moved away from there?

a. Well, we got into Memphis about the 18th of August 1862, so that I suppose we must have left that La Grange country somewhere in the neighborhood of the 10th of August. We moved leisurely across. It was terribly hot weather. I can not tell what troops succeeded us: that I can not tell.

q. You took Memphis at what time?

a. We entered Memphis with our troops (Lew. Wallace took Memphis, you know)—Sherman’s division & mine entered Memphis the 17th or 18th of Aug. 1862.

Comi Aldis: There were forces that came back to La Grange in Nov. of that year?

a. Oh yes sir: The line was never abandoned.

Counsel: What troops occupied that section of the country after you left?

a. I don’t know what troops occupied it from that time until January 1863. In Jan. 1863 I came back to Memphis & took general command of the whole country extending from Memphis to Corinth. My own corps—the 16th—was stationed all along that line. General Sooy Smith commanded at La Grange after I took command of the 16th corps, under me. Gen. Tuttle [?] of Iowa also commanded there for a while but I could not tell you the details of the troops. I had 80,000 men there & I can not remember them all.

q. How about Gen. Hamilton?

a. Hamilton was at La Grange.

q. Where does he live now?

a. He lives in Wisconsin. He is U. S. Marshal of the Southern & Eastern Districts of Wisconsin.

q. How many troops did Hamilton have?

a. A division.

q. About what number of men?

a. About six thousand men were in the division then.

q. McPherson was there also?

a. Yes sir.—& I know that only by report. He was not a part of my command. That country was full of troops. You will see it was at the intersection of 2 railways. When Gen. Grant made his movement down on Vicksburg overland, the troops all passed through there. I moved from Memphis in Sept. 1862 with my division & established my headquarters at Bolivar Tenn. About 30 miles; I should think, from La Grange—North—and commanded there until the latter part of December or the 1st of Jan. 1863. I sent two expeditionary columns below during that time. It was at that time that the Price & Van Dorn attack was made upon Corinth Oct. 6 & 7, 1862. I marched my division across towards Corinth & passed within probably ten miles of La Grange. After that I went back to Memphis under orders from Gen. Grant, & he in January or February, moved all the disposable troops South on his march down through Holly Springs & along the Mississippi Central railway to attack Vicksburg in the rear, which march was broken up by rebels coming in in his rear & cutting off his depot of supplies at Holly Springs. After that, our line was reestablished on this same Memphis & Charleston railway, & then it was that this General C. S. Hamilton was put on duty at La Grange.

q. Do you remember about that date?

a. I can not tell you the date. When I received my order as commanding the 16th corps, Gen. Hamilton became part of my command for the first time, & he was then at La Grange. La Grange was occupied permanently by troops all along after that as long as I remained in that region of country

q. Gen. McPherson you understood at one time commanded at Bolivar. What I want to find out is, if you know when his troops moved down to La Grange?

a. No sir: I never said that McPherson commanded at Bolivar.

q. But I have been advised that such was the fact?

a. McPherson must have moved down to La Grange as part of Gen Grant’s column because my division was given to him & went through there.

(Case continued.)

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