abigali1018

[abigali1018]

Why Disney's twist villains don't work

Video essay done by James Phyrillas under his youtube channel "Schaffrilas Productions"

James Phyrillas is a content creator that focuses on movie reviews and analysis videos, typically focused on animated films and videogames. He started his channel in 2015 with short videos full of gags regarding animated movie themes, his content changed in 2018, when he uploaded the video, I’ll be talking about in this blog, due to the impact it had he started making more animated movies revies and video analysis of films.

n the video James talks about why the trope of twist villains doesn’t work anymore and how it’s been overused in Disney’s current films, complaining about how the villains lack a proper motivation and they’re just there to have a cheap twist at the end of the movie, usually contradicting established traits of the character or the story. He also gives some examples of good twist villains and how to fix some of these twists. I don't want to spoil the video so i recommend watching it and discoveing this poorly made twist villains by yourself.

I’ve been watching his videos for a long time, and they always manage to keep me entertained and learn a new thing, he has a very humorous way of explaining things, keeping it interesting while correctly explaining the subject of the video. I choose this specific video due to it being the first one I saw of him, and because I think the theme discussed in it its still relevant to modern Disney’s movies. He has another video titled “So is Disney just never going to have a real villain again?” which follows this last video talking about how after their twist villain era the followed with a not really having a villain again, giving a closure to this last video and following the path that Disney has followed for their villains.

I’ve watched this video plenty of times before, and it never fails to entertain, always discovering something ne about a twist I maybe didn’t notice before or a thought James had that slipped my mind, I think if you’re a Disney or animated movie fan you should check this video out, and if you have time maybe even have a look at his channel.

[abigali1018]

Joe Gran: "Dog of wisdom" (2015)

When I found out we could talk about some piece of media from the 80s to now I got so excited, I’ve been obsessing with this video for the past 5 years, I know it by memory and have the song in my Spotify playlist. This video is just awesome and I’m excited to get to talk about it.

The dog of wisdom video creation isn’t officially documented, there was even a parody video made by the creator of how he made the dog move, using his hand as a puppet. I’ll post the link to this video at the end of the blog. But using context clues or just looking at the video we can get a simple idea of how it was made. The stye and animation techniques are like what can be archived using Adobe Flash, so without an actual answer from the creator we can just assume. This type of animation could involve frame-by-frame drawings or the use of puppeteering tools.

The video shows an animated dachshund flying a red plane while speaking gibberish, he goes for a little bit until he meets another dog on a cloud, the dog of wisdom, who shares his wisdom with him, also speaking gibberish, they end the video by singing the theme song from the greatest American hero.

Honestly, its such a simple video that doesn’t really come with a big message or a perfect animation style, but it’s just so charming and absurd that you can’t help but love it.

The video as uploaded on YouTube, where it gained more than 3,000,000 views in just 5 months, the day after it was uploaded it was posted on reddit, where people started sharing it there and on Facebook, 2 months after the popular internet musician the living tombstone uploaded two remix songs using the original track of the video and adding music, honestly, the songs are amazing, I will put them on the links below so you can listen to them, the Blue version is my favorite.

I think this video is timeless, every time I go back to it its just as iconic as I remember and there are a bunch of comments saying how good it is despite the years, its just simple and charming, and I love it.

https://www.imdb.com/title/tt10208550/

https://knowyourmeme.com/memes/dog-of-wisdom

https://www.dailydot.com/unclick/dog-of-wisdom/

[abigali1018]

Hiroshi Shidara, Tetsuo Imazawa: "Candy Candy" (1976)

Candy Candy is a Japanese series based on the manga by the same name created by “Kyoko Mizuki” in April 1975, getting the anime adaptation just a year later. Like other Japanese series from the time, they followed a series of steps, starting with the manga serialization, usually on some manga magazine in Japan, in this case it was serialized in Nakayoshi. Then the rights were acquired by Toei Animation, who would take the lead in the anime production, employing directors, animators, writers, voice actors and other staff to bring the story to the screen. It followed the same steps as any other animated show from the time, which was storyboarding, drawing the key frames, in-betweening, coloring, editing, sound design and quality check, this whole process took a significant amount of labor, but it paid off, the success of the series was not only due to the storyline, but also had a lot to do with the love and dedication that all the staff put into it.

The first episode of the series is titled “A pretty Lasso-Wielding Girl”, and it focuses mostly on Candy’s first years, giving us an introduction to her life on the orphanage and some of her early relationships, we get to see how she was adopted and get a little bit of her personality. From this episode we can tell that she’s not going to be your usual protagonist, in the time this was published it was really typical to get the female character be a damsel in distress and search for someone to save her, but Candy proves to be an independent person with some of her priorities straight, knowing she doesn’t want to be adopted because she prefers to be with her friends. Talking about the episode as a part of a series I don’t really thing this one says too much, and its honestly quite misleading, because this episode just shows you a cute orphan girl that likes adventure and some of her friends, but as the show goes on it introduces more serious subjects that may be too much for a kid, personally I do quite enjoy Candy Candy since I used to watch it with my mother, but just from the first episode you get no clue of what is about to happen, and that can be a little dangerous with a show that looks so much for kids.

The anime was shown primarily on television during its original run in Japan. It was broadcast on several TV networks during specific time slots dedicated to children programming. The episodes were aired weekly or bi-weekly depending on the schedule. Due to its popularity, it was licensed for broadcasting in other countries, reaching an international audience throughout different TV networks or channels. I only found the first episode on YouTube but it’s on Spanish, so I’m sorry for that.

It received a significant popularity specially among young girls due to its subjects of friendship, love, perseverance, and its relatable characters. However, it did had its controversies, particularly related to its ending, which I wont spoil, but it does miss some important plot points. But despise any controversy, it remains a significant anime series that left an impact on its audience.

https://candycandy.fandom.com/wiki/Candy_Candy

https://beautifulillusionwonder.wordpress.com/2013/06/25/candy-candy-episode-1-a-pretty-lasso-wielding-girl/

[abigali1018]

Borivoj Dovnikovic-Bordo: “Znatizelja / Curiosity” (1966)

I found this little cartoon to be so silly I really wanted to talk about it, but I could barely find information about it, so I apologize if this blog is shorter than the usual.

 From the looks of it, this short was made using traditional hand drawing animation, so the same process of story boarding, character design, hand drawing the frames onto paper and then being transferred to cells, to then edit and add the sounds. This is only a guess since I couldn’t find anything certain about this specific short, but that was the process that animations in the 60s followed. And even though the animation for this short film is simple with basic characters I found it so charming and cute.

The short depicts a man sitting in a bench with a paper bag next to him, and as he’s trying to sleep passerby want to now what he keeps in the bag, getting different reactions from a bunch of different kinds of people, with some gags to make it funny and absurd, so you’d think it must be something pretty strange, because we usually get pretty odd reactions from the people looking into the bag, see the film for yourself, if you too, are curious. We get to see how people can stop their whole lives to discover something as mundane as the inside of a paper bag, which is a pretty good depiction of humanity.

The short was made as a theatrical film, which means its purpose was to be shown at the beginning of a movie to entertain the people at the theater. The response must have been great because it won too awards on its time, a special mention in the Krakow film festival and a Golden glove in the Leipzig DOK Festival, both in 1967. It was pretty hard to find the short on YouTube since its from Yugoslavia and the title is not in English, but it really captured my attention when I found it on IMDB due to its simple style which reminded me of Mafalda and those types of comics, later I found out the director and creator of the short “ Borivoj Dovnikovic-Bordo” was also a comic artist, which made a lot of sense. I ended up finding it on youtube after searching for a while, and fell in love with the silliness of the characters.

[abigali1018]

Working with Disney

Walt Disney was very important due to his vision, innovation and creativity that transformed the entertainment industry, he was a pioneer in the field of animation, creating the first full-length animated feature film, “Snow White and the seven dwarfs, which set a standard for the industry, he created such iconic characters as Mickey Mouse, Donald Duck and many more that became cultural icons worldwide, he created a theme park that revolutionized the concept of family entertainment and set the standard for theme parks designs, he was also a pioneer in the use of technology in the animation industry, like the introduction of sound in cartoons and the development of the first full-color cartoon, then evolving to CGI and 3D animation, he had a way of telling stories that could get to the heart of anyone seeing his animations having an incredible cultural impact, conveying life lessons and values though their stories. But what was like working with him? In this blog I’ll be getting the perspective of two completely different people in the context of working for Disney, one of the “nine old men” and an employee of his beloved theme park.

Mark “Anthony Peter” Davis was born on March 30, 1930, in Bakersfield California, before joining Disney he didn’t have any professional animation experience, His background was in fine arts and illustration, since he studied at the Kansas City Art Institute, California School of Fine Arts and the Otis art Institute, later he worked as a freelance illustrator for advertising and magazine illustrations, granting him of an amazing portfolio of illustrations that caught the attention of Disney, in 1935 he was hied by Walt as an apprentice animator, despite his lack of experience with animation he became one of Disney’s most influential animators, becoming one of the famous “Nine old men”.

He got to be known as a “ladies’ man” due to his work on female characters, such as Cruella de Vile, Maleficent and Tinker Bell. Some of his other work include Snow White, Cinderella and others, his work significantly influenced Disney’s animation style, character design and storytelling, He also played a key role in the creation of many Disneyland attractions, such as Pirates of the Caribbean and the Haunted Mansion. He retired in 1978.

About the interview, it seemed like Mark was really close with Disney, beginning from the bottom as just an apprentice in Snow White to then getting recognized by Disney while he was working on Bambi, Walt being so impressed by his style and artistic abilities that he made him an animator, they began to form a more close relationship becoming on of the most renown animators from the company. It appears that his relationship with Walt was genuine and he actually got to know him not only as Walt Disney but also as a friend, he talks pretty fondly about him and has a very good memory of Walt, depicting some experiences they both shared and their journey together, he tells how at first he was, as well as everyone else who was new in the company, in awe of him, but also that he was a different person with everyone, so the Walt he got to know was not the Walt another person that worked there knew. The Walt he knew was a pretty genuine person, someone who wanted to make dreams real and make stories and characters come to life, in his own words from the interview, “I think this was something that Disney had, you brought something to life, and if it wasn’t real, you brought it to life anyway and made people believe in it”. They had a lot of respect for each other, he tells how receiving a compliment from him was a very are occasion, so having an “I like that” was the best thing you could get. H also shares about his trip to the New York Fair with Walt and the last time he met him before his death, he says he was a very humble guy that liked to experience the theme park he created without any advantages, he liked when people created new thing and enjoyed having new ideas, Mark talks about him with so much respect and admiration, saying that it’s going to be difficult to have someone as creative and as Walt.

The other person I want to talk about is Joyce Belanger, I couldn’t find anything on her life other that she was a housewife before getting to work in the theme park, which is kind of sad if we count the fact that she worked in the theme park for 30 years, which is specifically why I chose her, she also got the change to meet Disney, but in a more distant way, she talks about him as a great man, in her own words, “Here is a man that is one of the most honored men in the world, and you would never know it”, which connects to the way Mark talks about him, in giving the impression of being a very humble guy. I also found one of her anecdotes of Walt to be very touching, where she describes how a day before he went to the hospital, he was at the park just, admiring it, kind of like saying goodbye.

The reason I choose these two people was because I found it so strange that I couldn’t find anything about here hen she dedicated almost the same amount of time to the industry as Mark, and I know she didn’t do anything revolutionary but still that’s sad, because if you know the context about women not being able to work in the company for years then you fell sad for her, in her interview she talks about the park and the company which such love and appreciation, you can actually feel how invested she was in the company, but all she could do was being a theme park employee due to the working opportunities. I think Walt was a good man, but he had a lot of weird ideals, he was told to being great with the kids, encouraging their dreams, but at the same time if you were a girl those dreams could be crushed by the same guy you admired so much due to his beliefs. I’m not going to deny the impact he had in the animation industry, just that maybe we shouldn’t glorify him so much as the people in this interviews do.

I'm still going to be a Disney fan, I love his work and love the theme park whth my heart, I also find he shares a lot of beliefs with me, it's just sad to think that if I ever had gotten the change to know him he might not had treated me as good as his men employees, and that is always going to be heartbreaking.

Sources:

Working with Disney, Interviews with animators, producers, and artists by Don peri, published in 2011.

https://d23.com/walt-disney-legend/marc-davis/

https://disney.fandom.com/wiki/Marc_Davis

[abigali1018]

Jack Hannah: "Trick o Treat" (1952)

I wanted to do something spooky because its almost Halloween, so I found out about this Disney Halloween short and couldn’t resist it. Like all the other animations from that time Trick or Treat used the process called “multiplane camera animation”, which involved drawing each frame on a separate sheet of paper which then was photographed onto a cell. The cells were then stacked on top of each other and photographed again to create the final animation. Since this animation featured voice overs, they would use a process call “post-synchronization”. Which involved recording the dialogue separately from the animation ant then synchronizing them in post-production. They would have a “scratch track” to follow to do the animation accurate and then the voice actors should record the voices again to match the animation.

The cartoon features some of Disney’s most iconic characters, including Donald Duck ana his nephews, Huey, Dewey and Louie, as well as Witch Hazel. Witch Hazel helps the nephews get back at Donald for performing various tricks on the kids, wanting to keep all the candy and treats for himself, we get a lot of funny and characteristic gags of the time that get a laugh out of everyone who enjoys Disney in the old times. The short is known for its catchy theme song “Trick or Treat for Halloween”, which I didn’t knew at the time but has become one of my favorites Halloween tunes. I loved the sequence of the ghosts and pumpkins singing and giving a good spook to Donald to teach him a lesson.

Like many animated shorts from the time “Trick or Treat” was initially created for theatrical exhibition, which means it would be shown as pat of a program before the main feature film in the theater, I found about this short because of YouTube while looking for Halloween themed shorts, but was really surprised when I found out this short passed the animation point and became a lot of other medias due to its impact, including the Disneyland TV series where the shot made its television debut in “All about magic” in 1957, a book version in 1953, an album in 1974, and many more.

The response at the time was very positive, and as we can see for the fact that it keeps having adaptation, we can say it’s a fan favorite to watch during the Halloween season.

https://www.thedisneyclassics.com/blog/animation-styles

https://d23.com/did-you-know-8-frightfully-fascinating-facts-about-trick-or-treat/#:~:text=Jack%20Hannah%20Stages%20a%20Spooky,was%20completed%20by%20February%201952.

https://www.quora.com/How-did-Disney-record-voice-overs-and-animate-their-movies-like-back-in-the-1950s-or-something-did-it-involve-those-circular-projector-tape-thingies

[abigali1018]

William Hanna and Joseph Barbera: "The Cat Concerto" (1947)

Tom and Jerry are one of those classic beloved animated series, it had its debut in 1940 and became one of the most popular and enduring animated franchises. The series made its debut with the film “Puss gets the boot” in 1940, by MGM studios, to this point the characters still hadn’t earned their names as Tom and Jerry, which they got until 1941 in their second cartoon, titled “The midnight snack”. The series received several Academy Awards for Short film during the 1940s and 1950s, they won seven Oscars in total, and today we are talking about one of those winners, “The cat concerto.”

This series of animations, as well as others made by the same studio, followed a similar pattern in their animation style as others in the era, they went through the storyboard process, character design and layouts, then hand drawing animations on cells, ink and painting, then they would photograph frame by frame and edit them together to create the final film, to end this process they would add the background music and sound effects and voices if needed, this to add the characteristic gags and humor of this series. In this case the short contains the piece Hungarian Rhapsody No.2 by Franz Liszt’s.

The short depicts Tom, a pianist in this case, about to start a concert, he sits and starts playing the piano, while he plays, we see that Jerry has mounted his house inside the instrument, so he begins to be disturbed by the movement the strings make, beginning the classic cat and mouse gag they were so known for, Jerry continues bothering and messing up Tom’s performance while Tom tries to catch him, including various gags and physical humor classic to this animations, in the end, after bothering him Tom ends up getting too tired trying to catch up with the peace after Jerry took control of the piano, so he collapses and the audience applauds Jerry, who is now wearing a dinner jacket.

I found about this animation due to the controversy it had with a very similar cartoon made by Warner Bros, in which Bugs Bunny appears playing the same song and having the same kind of gags, where a mouse appears and disturbs him while he tries to play the piano, I did a lot of research about this but couldn’t really find anything certain about it, it centers primarily around the release dates of this two animations, “Rhapsody Rabbit” was released in 1946, while “The Cat Concerto” was released a year later, so a lot of people assumed this one copied the other, but release dates aren’t all in the animation industry, because we need to have in consideration production and concept, in this case “The Cat Concerto” started production first. So it seems that it was just a big coincidence, because even if the idea is the same the gags and order of things are slightly similar, I really wanted to look more into this but each website has a different theory and no one can give me an exact answer, there’s a theory that technicolor sent the first animation to the wrong studio and that’s how it got plagiarized, but it’s still a theory that I couldn’t confirm.

This short was shown in the Academy Awards and won best animated short film in 1947, it had a pretty good impact and regarding the controversy is still very oved by the fans of Tom and Jerry, and I really liked it, I found in on YouTube and fell into a rabbit hole of the whole which one came first, its really sad that I couldn’t find a certain answer. But regarding of this it remains a pretty fun and classic Tom and Jerry cartoon.

https://tomandjerry.fandom.com/wiki/The_Cat_Concerto

https://www.britannica.com/topic/Tom-and-Jerry

[abigali1018]

Walter Lantz: "Confidence" (1933)

Walter Lantz was a well-known animator and cartoonist, best known for creating the character Woody Woodpecker, he also took over the character of Oswald the lucky rabbit after Walt Disney left Universal pictures due to some legal issues, making some animations with this character. He used to make hand-drawing animations using paper or cells, then photographed them using a multiplane camera, the short was filmed in black and white, as color animation became more common in the late 1930s.

The cartoon opens with a happy sequence of Oswald’s farm animals dancing around and having fun, depicting that things were good before the depression started, they were all celebrating without any care, we even get a scene of Oswald’s chicken giving him some of their eggs, which could be an analogy for how the people invested so much in banks before they collapsed.

Suddenly, the ghost of depression appears, haunting the world, giving us a very fictional approach as to why the Great Depression started, this ends up not only affecting the town people but also Oswald’s farm, so he goes running to the doctor’s office.

The doctor points him to a portrait of Franklin D. Roosevelt implying that he’s the doctor, meaning he is the one that can fix this, so Oswald goes to the white house to see the president who then tells him the solution is to have confidence, and gives him a pump sprayer full of it to make the people happy again, which is, again, a very fantastic way of explaining what happened.

At the time, animated shorts were typically shown in movie theaters before the main feature film, this served as a form of escapism due to all the hardship happening in the world, this specific film depicts a very optimistic take on the whole situation, trying to give the people the confidence to keep on going, it also contains a lot of gags that help make the situation seem a lot less heavier that it is, like Oswald cartwheeling his way to the White House or the happy music it depicts.

While it may not have the same level of recognition or popularity as more iconic animated characters form that era, its still greatly appreciated as a part of the “Oswald the lucky rabbit” series. Even if the theme is not as important know it’s still a part of our animation history.

I found the short to be very entertaining, but it is a little bit of bad taste, I understand that they were trying to give people hope when it seemed that nothing was good, but its still a little weird seeing Oswald be this happy character going around the town dancing and being so optimistic when people are rioting on the streets, but maybe that was just what the people needed, seeing someone be happy in those moments may have been a light of hope in those trying times.

https://drgrobsanimationreview.com/2017/08/28/confidence/

https://www.openculture.com/2014/06/confidence-great-depression.html

[abigali1018]

Dave Fleishcer: "Out of the ink well: Invisible ink" (1921)

The “Out of the Inkwell” series was a series of animated shorts created by Max Fleischer in the early 20th century, they were known for its innovative use of animation techniques, including combining live action and traditional animation, this series also introduced the world to the character of Koko the clown.

There were approximately 62 original shorts in this series produced between 1918 and 1929, but the one I’m going to be talking about is Invisible Ink, which, as well as the others from the series, features various animation skill including traditional hand drawn animation, but one of the notable aspects was the use of “invisible ink”, a technique that involved the use of white ink on a clear surface, and since the ink was white it would not be visible against this background, but, with a controlled source of light they could decide when or which parts of the drawing would become visible again, creating the illusion of animated scenes.

It was captured using one of Max’s inventions, the rotoscope, a filmmaking technique that allowed the animators to trace over live action footage, frame by frame, they would first film the live action parts, then they would project onto a translucent screen, allowing the animators to have a reference for drawing the animated sequences.

The short depicts Max Fleischer being interrupted to draw by Koko the clown, which leads the animator spending all his efforts trying to catch him. The introduction of the invisible ink is made first by the animator tricking the clown into drawing some things that end up disappearing, but, to the animator’s remorse, the clown ends up riding an invisible bike or playing around with this invisible objects.

Through out the duration of the short we see the animator’s attempts to catch Koko, failing all of them, constantly being outsmarted by this drawing, like many silent era animated shorts, it heavily relied on physical comedy and visual gags to entertain the audience, like when Koko drops a vase on top of Max’s head, or the whole sequence were Max has to follow the line that Koko drew, only to return to the place he started at finding a bunch of Koko’s drawings all around his studio.

In the end, Koko ends up becoming invisible because he got inside the invisible ink jar to take a swim, ending all of Max’s attempts to catch him.

This short and others from the “Out of the Inkwell” series were shown in theaters during the silent film era, they were typically part of programs that included a variety of short films, cartoons, and other entertainment before the main film. The public reaction to these shorts was generally positive, Max Fleischer’s animation techniques were groundbreaking for their time and fascinated audiences, and his animated creations were seen as highly entertaining.

I found the animation on YouTube under the same name, I decided to talk about this one because I find the concept of combining live action and animation so fascinating and fun, I had a great time watching Koko getting away with his actions again and again, I didn’t think I’d enjoy this animation as much as I did, but now I really want to see what else Max Fleischer used to do, I just found out he’s the creator of Betty Bop and Popeye, so that’s so incredible as it is, but I really want to see more of Koko and his little pranks.

https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Circus_Science_and_Technology/L9fsDwAAQBAJ?hl=es&gbpv=1&dq=out+of+the+inkwell:+invisible+ink+(1921)&pg=PA153&printsec=frontcover

https://fleischer-studios.fandom.com/wiki/Out_of_the_Ink_Well_series

https://www.google.ca/books/edition/Animation/NBvnBgAAQBAJ?hl=es&gbpv=1&dq=out+of+the+inkwell:+invisible+ink+(1921)&pg=PA106&printsec=frontcover

[abigali1018]

My history with animation

Since I was very little art had a big impact in my life, I remember drawing all over my textbooks and attending as many art classes I could find. While other kids I knew told me they wanted to be doctors or teachers, my answer was always the same, I want to be an artist, I want to create something that will make people happy, I want to convey emotions, make them feel all sort of things, create a story, give life to something and join them on their journey. I remember loving cartoons, I found it so fascinating how a bunch of drawings could somehow move and talk to me, the possibilities of stories they could tell being endless, the smoothness in their movement, almost as if they were real, I found myself lost in all the different styles of drawing, the emotions portrayed in them and how they could make me feel those same emotions. If I had to pick my favorite animated things I think the list would be endless, but for the sake of not boring you here's my top three!

How to train your dragon (2010): I don't even think I have the words to explain the impact this movie had on my life, but I'll try to make it justice, I already knew of the concept of animation when I first watched the movie but it was the first animated movie to make me feel something, I remember being on the edge of my seat during the whole test drive sequence and falling in love with Toothless and Hiccup's friendship, the score is still one of my favorites from any movie and the world building and narrative still amaze me so much, the fact that the characters actually suffer for the consequences of their actions is great, Hiccup loses his leg for the sake of injuring Toothless in the beggining of the movie, they don't just gloss over that and I love it, what can I say, it's a great movie and you should watch it.

Omori (2020): I really like the concept of a super cute and innocent thing turning dark and twisted as you follow the story, and more when the style of the game itself is really childlike, I'm going to keep this spoiler free because i believe this game is one you should experience for yourself, but the complex storyline and character backgrounds are one of my favorite things from this game, also the animation sequences and playablity are one of my favorite from a lot of games I've played, I do believe this game is not for everyone because it does deal with a lot of heavy subjects like suicide and heavy dissociation, so a lot of people could find it trigger inducing, but the game does do a good job at dealing with these issues and doesn't give it a light headed context, the issues are there and are dealt with, but if you dont have any issues with these type of themes i think Omori is a must play game.

Shadows house (2021): I don't think I've been so invested in an anime in a long time, it may not have the best animation but I find the story so interesting, the opening is also one of my favorites and this anime earned a spot between my top 5 so fast it was actually impressive, the characters desing and backgrounds are so investing that since episode one you're gonna want to know all the context, but that's the thing, the story keeps this details from you and slowly reveals them when it's important, I just love the storytelling and general style of the show, it's a 10/10 anime for me and I'll never stop recommending it.