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Design approaches research

Participatory design

Participatory design, formerly known as co-design, involves designing something with all stakeholders in mind, in order to ensure the product meets all their needs and is fully functional to its intended purpose. [6]  This is a form of design process, as opposed to design style, and is used in a variety of types of design, including graphic, software, architecture and landscape. Doing this makes the product more suitable and appropriate to their inhabitants' and users' needs, may these be cultural, physical or emotional. Ideas for new designs are often left to the internal team alone, instead of other sectors being considered and contributing ideas. New opinions and ideas help designers broaden their minds and often see new opportunities for design they may have previously overlooked. [5]  

Design cultures

Design culture of a broad term used in design, covering areas such as aesthetics, process, philosophy. It can often be overlooked by areas such as engineering and strategic business decisions, resulting in a poorer end product. It is essential for design to be respected and integrated within an organisation. Design centric organisation is essential for achieving an effective design approach which will be perfectly suited to its users/for its intended use. Design culture entails undertaking design as a central focus point of every operation in the organisation, from strategy formulation to execution. Forrester Research Consulting in the year 2016, to investigate whether the design-led cultures gave companies a significant advantage in the business or not, it was evident that most of the enterprises that analysed during the research had digital experiences succeeded within their sector. [6]

The study proved that focusing on design strengthens an organisation from the inside as well as from the outside. Design cultures tolerate failure from employees. Employees are encouraged to take risk and experiment, with the understanding that this will occasionally lead to mistakes.  

Proactivity is essential in design cultures to ensure the organisation is constantly evolving and trying new ideas, instead of responding to small problems they stay on course with initial decisions. [7]

Design thinking

Design thinking refers to the cognitive, strategic and practical processes by which design concepts are developed. This may include proposals for new products, machines or buildings, amongst other things. Many of the key concepts and aspects of design thinking have been identified through studies, across different design domains, laboratory and natural contexts. Design thinking supports processes such as context analysis, problem finding and framing, ideation and solution generating, creative thinking, sketching and drawing, modelling and prototyping, testing and evaluating.  

Core features of design thinking include the ability to resolve difficult problems, come up with solution focused strategies, use productive and abductive reasoning, employ nonverbal modelling media, such as sketching and prototyping. The general method of design thinking consists of 5 phases—Empathize, Define, Ideate, Prototype and Test. [8]

The design thinking process has become increasingly popular over the last few decades because many hugely successful, global organisations credited it as their key to success. These companies include Google, Apple and Airbnb, amongst others.

Seeing design differently

The main market drivers of modern technology/design development are population longevity, such as ; Food & nutrition,Mobility, transport and convenience, Ambient assisted living,Imedicine, quality of life enhancement, such as 4/5G communications, Security and safety,  Renewable energy and smart homes, and emotions of population, Social networks,Fashion/lifestyle, customised beauty products, I-consumer products [3]

The future of fashion

A contrary to common beliefs, the future of fashion is more about adapting and reflecting our, as humans, everyday life into fashion, as opposed to modern technology 7 robotics, as modern film media may imply. It is known that fashion repeats its self every 20 years or so, with trends reoccurring and developing further in every generation, but adapting to the modern environment & socioeconomic culture of the time period. This may be in newly developed fabrics, new twists on classic pieces or recycled garments.  

The furure of fashion will remain a positive reflection regardless of past, present or future of environmental, political, social or economic issues. There have been, and will be future talented designers who challenge present tastes and adapt their creativity to modern issues and events.  

Technology in recent years has become more wearable, with the introduction of the Apple watch & FitBit. These are both a combination of technology & an accessory with the purpose of improving convenience, therefore quality of life, to the user. In future years with more development similar products may be entwined with clothing and developed further. In recent years there have been more functional fabrics developed e.g flame retardant, therefore development of further functional fabrics for more modern challenges may be developed.  

The environment under stress

We are now entering into an age named ‘The Anthropocene’, which is the current state of which we are living in a human influenced age, trying to sustain living with the damage we have done to the ecosystem; an epoch defined by nuclear tests, plastic pollution and the animal produce industries.

Our environment is being damaged by four factors:  

Climate (Co2 levels and temperature increase),

Natural habitat depletion,

Human consumption & waste,

Ocean contamination

Us as humans have Humans have increased atmospheric CO2 concentration by more than a third since the Industrial Revolution began. Increase in co2 levels, caused by deforestation and burning fossil fuels and other chemicals such as methane, which is caused by landfills, agriculture, rice cultivation and livestock are contributing to global warming, which is essentially melting the ice caps of earth. Another huge factor is the rate we are contaminating our oceans with both rubbish and chemicals & killing sea life.  [2]

Governments & politicians, industries such as agriculture, manufacturing, consumer goods, automotive & aerospace, as well as science & technology fields are all looking for solutions, whether they may be long or short term. [1]

References

Climate Change: Vital Signs of the Planet. (2020). The Causes of Climate Change. [online] Available at: https://climate.nasa.gov/causes/ [Accessed 6 Mar. 2020].

En.wikipedia.org. (2020). Participatory design. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Participatory_design [Accessed 6 Mar. 2020].

Invisionapp.com. (2020). What exactly is a design culture? | Inside Design Blog. [online] Available at: https://www.invisionapp.com/inside-design/what-is-a-design-culture/ [Accessed 6 Mar. 2020].

Learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com. (2020). [online] Available at: https://learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/5b6bce0407d12/11803832?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Presentation%25203_Environment%2520under%2520Stress.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20200306T171821Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=21600&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAZH6WM4PLYI3L4QWN%2F20200306%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=f7d1bbbecd634b5e01817cf62501e5f9ea953d3301f6eaa2bd8957d9ce7e0851 [Accessed 6 Mar. 2020].

Learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com. (2020). [online] Available at: https://learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/5b6bce0407d12/11803828?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Presentation%25201_seeing%2520design%2520differently%25281%2529.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20200306T180615Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=21600&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAZH6WM4PLYI3L4QWN%2F20200306%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=23e34979b01ee677d77708c260b2689e124411afdbbeb87a5f4a9e710c7d2eea [Accessed 6 Mar. 2020].

Learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com. (2020). [online] Available at: https://learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/5b6bce0407d12/11645829?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Presentation_Co-Design_LR.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20200306T194552Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=21600&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAZH6WM4PLYI3L4QWN%2F20200306%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=1c42fe0ef497c9593f0a864dae34799db0b621a54ddd1834bc67fe4096f110d7 [Accessed 6 Mar. 2020].

Learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com. (2020). [online] Available at: https://learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/5b6bce0407d12/11708699?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Sketchnote_Design%252520Culture.jpg&response-content-type=image%2Fjpeg&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20200306T194750Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=21600&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAZH6WM4PLYI3L4QWN%2F20200306%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=2422c2d37e1987f0582a59a39bc180a896f2d66cf6ee086eede0ba2b35814132 [Accessed 6 Mar. 2020].

Learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com. (2020). [online] Available at: https://learn-eu-central-1-prod-fleet01-xythos.s3-eu-central-1.amazonaws.com/5b6bce0407d12/11813896?response-content-disposition=inline%3B%20filename%2A%3DUTF-8%27%27Presentation_Design%2520Thinking.pdf&response-content-type=application%2Fpdf&X-Amz-Algorithm=AWS4-HMAC-SHA256&X-Amz-Date=20200306T194849Z&X-Amz-SignedHeaders=host&X-Amz-Expires=21600&X-Amz-Credential=AKIAZH6WM4PLYI3L4QWN%2F20200306%2Feu-central-1%2Fs3%2Faws4_request&X-Amz-Signature=35fad9f9e913d1fe67e370a90a61b1df35dae9a03629c35aad5b1aa64d71fbcd [Accessed 6 Mar. 2020].

Society, N. (2020). Marine Pollution. [online] National Geographic Society. Available at: https://www.nationalgeographic.org/encyclopedia/marine-pollution/ [Accessed 6 Mar. 2020].