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Trinity College in Dublin is the sole constituent college of the University of Dublin. It was founded in 1592, and modelled after the collegiate universities of Oxford and Cambridge. It is Ireland oldest university. The library of Trinity College is a legal deposit library for Ireland and the UK, containing over 6.2 million printed volumes and significant quantities of manuscripts, including the Book of Kells. Also in this picture, centered is the Campanile, the bell tower. It was donated by Lord John Beresford, and designed by Sir Charles Lanyon, sculpted by Thomas Kirk and finished in 1853. It was a beautiful, quaint campus! I don't know how I would feel as a student with tourists always there thought!
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This building under construction in Dublin, right next to the River Liffey is the Four Courts. It is Ireland's main courts building. Construction began in 1776, by the design of Thomas Cooley and James Gandon. The finishing touches to the arcades and wings were completed in 1802. During the Irish Civil War in 1922, the building was attacked, and most of it was destroyed. After it was rebuilt in 1932, Four Courts reopened, yet much of the decorative interior of the original building had been lost and were not replaced due to poor funds. The Fours Courts holds the Supreme Court, the Court of Appeal, the High Court and the Dublin Circuit Court. It's a pretty important buildings for the Irish!
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St. Patrick's Cathedral in Dublin, Ireland was founded in 1191 is considered the National Cathedral of the Church of Ireland. It is the tallest and largest church in Ireland. It too is Gothic style, and much of the work was overseen by Henry of London, a friend of the King of England and a signatory of the Magna Carta, who was also involved in the construction of Dublin's city walls, and Dublin Castle. The Cathedral is now the location for a number of public national ceremonies. It was a beautiful day in Dublin when I saw it, the best weather day of my trip! Beautiful!
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This is the Cologne Cathedral, located right next to the Cologne train station. It is a Gothic Cathedral, and is Germany's most visited landmark, attracting 20,000 people a day. It is the tallest twin-spired church at 157 m tall. Construction began in 1248, but was halted in 1473, and restarted again in the 19th century and was completed in 1880. It has the largest facade of any church in the world. While I wasn't able to visit the Cathedral as I made a quick stop in Cologne, Germany, the building was stunning, and seemed to be the largest building in the city. I would love to return to see the architecture of the interior.
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Ahhhhhhh... The Alps. My group made a concerted effort to find the the heart of the Alps when in Switzerland, and we found it! Below is the village of Engelberg, in Switzerland. Engelberg translates to "mountain of angels," and for good reason! The views we're gorgeous! Engelberg has a population of around 4,000 and is seen as more of a resort village. In the middle ages, it was known for the educational quality of its Benedictine monastery, Engelberg Abbey. It's very close to Lucerne. The Alps cover 65% of Switzerland, making it one of the most Alpine countries. While this isn't man made art, it is art nonetheless, maybe the most beautiful of art.
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The Zurich Hauptbahnhof, built and opened in 1847, built by Gustav Albert Wegmann. The architecture is described as Neorenaissance. From the opening of the station, the railways of Northern Switzerland developed rapidly, and by 1853 the Swiss Northern Railway had been merged into the Swiss Northeastern Railway. When it was clear that the station needed to be larger, architect Jakob Friedrich Wanner took the reigns in 1871. It is what we see here, sandstone in a neo-Renaissance design. It is a beautiful clean building, and the trains were some of the most well kept trains in Europe. The Swiss folks were so friendly and always we're trying to offer a helping hand.
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St. Peter, in the Old Town of Zurich, has the largest clock face in Europe. It is also the oldest parish church in Europe. Original walls date back to the 9th century. The church tower and the nave of St. Peter do not have the same owner. The church tower was primarily used for fire police duties, and toward the end of the 13th century a mechanical church clock was installed. The clock tower of St. Peter was for centuries Zurich's official local time, and all public city clocks had to conform to it. This church lies in the heart of the Old town, where many quaint shops and local restaurants surround the area. It is a beautiful area!
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The Grossmünster (great minister) in Zurich is a Romanesque-style Protestant Church. It is considered one of the four major churches in the city. It was constructed around 1100, and inaugurated around 1220. According to legend, Charlemagne discovered the graves of the city's patron saints Felix and Regular and had a church built as a monastery on the spot. In the first half of the 16th century, the church was telling starting point of the Swiss-German Reformation. Additions to the Church included a beautiful stained-glass window by Augusto Giacometti, nephew of Alberto(1933). The church is still active today, and sits right next to the beautiful Zurich Lake.
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Tyn Church, Prague. Capturing the attention of one side of the Old Town Square, this Gothic style church with Baroque interior can be seen from all over Prague. Built in 1385, the church underwent different controllers during it's first 200 years. In 1679, a fire in the church led to the interior being reworked in Baroque style. If you look closely, one of the towers is larger than the other. The larger, Adam, represents the masculine side of the world, and Eve represents the feminine part of the world. I didn't get to enter the Church, but apparently the organ is over 400 years old!
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Memorial to the victims of Communism. Prague. On May 22, 2002, the first memorial to victims of the Communist regime was unveiled in Prague. It shows a grouping of defeated looking statues, said to represent the different phases of a human figure's destruction. Renowned Czech sculptor Olbram Zoubek and architects Jan Kerel and Zdenek Hoelzel we're tasked with creating the piece. One of the statues has since been destroyed by a bomb attack in 2003. My Airbnb was really close to this memorial, and whenever I walked by it, it gave me an uncomfortable, eerie feeling. It was almost as if I felt a piece of Communism.
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The John Lennon Wall, Prague. Maybe the most influential Beatle on European culture, John Lennon has a little piece of Prague dedicated to his work and his message; Peace and Love. After Lennon's death in 1980, Czech people under the control of the Communist regime began painting the artists face on the wall, and it took off. It not only represents a memorial to Lennon, but also a monument to free speech and non-violent rebellion. The wall constantly gets painted over with more designs, nothing is permanent. As Lennon's good friend George Harrison said, all things must pass...
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The Charles Bridge is a bridge in Prague that crosses the Vltava river. Only a pedestrian bridge, the Charles connects the Old Town and Lesser Town. Construction began in 1357, commissioned by Holy Roman Emperor Charles IV. Architect Petr Parlér also designed the St. vitus Cathedral at the Prague Castle. The look is Gothic, but a number of Baroque statues were placed along the sides in the 17th century. The bridge is a top tourist attraction for Prague. We saw many street vendors take advantage of the bridge's popularity and set up shop on the stone masterpiece. All of the Baroque statues were breathtaking, and dramatic of course!
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Black is different, 1994, MAMAC, Niki de Saint Phalle. Phalle is an American artist, and her work focuses on the feminist movement and black rights. 'Black is different' speaks to me, especially in 2017, being an American. It seems as if another civil rights movement is upon us in the States, and this work of art outlines the reasons for change in the United States.
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Doctor Robert monument, Barcelona, ca 1904, Josep Llimona. Robert was a professor of internal pathology at the University of Barcelona. He was later appointed mayor of Barcelona in 1899 and elected to the Spanish Parliament in 1901. The monument now resides in Place de Tetuan, moved permanently there in 1985. Materials consist of stone and bronze. Unfortunately this statue was under construction during our stay at Barcelona, and recent referendum protests have delayed the referbishment.
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Monumento a Colon, Barcelona, 1888, Gaietà Buigas i Monrava. Built in honor of the discoverer Christopher Columbus. It's style is realist, made of iron, bronze, limestone and stone of Montjuic. It opened on June 1, 1888, and it became immediately one of the most characteristic icons of the city. There is an elevator that allows to ascend until the hemisphere located under the feet of the statue, from where the city can be seen. This statue is located right next to the water, making it a scenic view.
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Arc de Triomf, Barcelona, Josep Vilaseca i Casanova. Built in 1888, this brick and stone monument was erected as the main access gate for the 1888 Barcelona World Fair. The brickwork is reddish. This closely resembles the arch in Paris, yet this model is smaller, and made of entirely different material. Many other cities have arcs that mimick this one, as it is a towering monument.
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La Sagrada Familia, Barcelona, architect Antoni Gaudi. This large unfinished Roman Catholic Church began construction in 1882, and a combination of Gothic and Art Nouveau architectural designs were used. Gaudi died shortly into the project, but private donations have kept construction moving along. It is expected to be completed in 2026, 100 years after Gaudis death. It is one of the biggest tourist attractions in Barcelona.
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